Why do we see objects of different colors? Why do we see colors or why do we need cones and rods? Blue or Pink: Why People See Different Colors of the Same Clothes
Our world is beautiful and diverse, it is bright and full of colors. Sunlit meadow, ripe red apple, beautiful flowers, painted in various colors different colors, White snow, black cat. We are surrounded by hundreds of objects and flowers. Even what is created by people, too, has certain specific colors - a red car, a white, black, a small female orange color. And in the morning, each of us decides what to wear today - this blue sweater or that red dress, or maybe jeans (dark blue) and a purple blouse? But what is color and why do we see colors?
In fact, everything that surrounds us is nothing more than electromagnetic vibrations. This is radio radiation, and infrared radiation or heat, and ultraviolet radiation, which comes from the hot sun, and X-ray radiation, which is necessary for our treatment and diagnosis by doctors, and terrible radioactive gamma radiation, and visible radiation - the same one that we perceived by the organs of vision. And light itself is nothing more than a high-frequency oscillation. Light can be refracted in water, in glass and directly in our eyes. Light, refracted in the eye, breaks up into a certain spectrum. This spectrum is a rainbow of seven colors - red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. Moreover, the light itself, which we usually see as white, is a mixture of all these seven colors, which together make the color white. We can only see a rainbow if we pass light through a prism, as Newton once did. Thus, a rainbow is nothing more than light refracted through water droplets hanging in the air after rain. But why, after all, do we see the tomato red and the kiwi green? The fact is that in order to see a color we need exactly three things: 1) light; 2) an object illuminated by light; 3) receiver of light or radiation (eye). In the human eye there are two types of cells responsible for visual perception - “rods” and “cones”. Cones are responsible for color perception. There are exactly three types of cones in our eye - those responsible for the red spectrum, those responsible for the blue spectrum, and those responsible for the red spectrum. We can perceive only three primary colors, and all other colors are formed from various combinations of the three primary colors. And now we come to the most important and fundamental thing - how we still manage to see color. If we see a red object, then this means that all components white(7 colors of the rainbow), except red, were absorbed by the object, and red was reflected. If we see a purple object, it means that all components of the white color, except for the violet itself, were absorbed, and the violet was reflected. And so on by analogy with other colors. However, with white and black colors things are a little different. We see white color due to the fact that all components of the spectrum are repelled from it, and black because, on the contrary, all components of the spectrum are absorbed. And rods, unlike cones, do not help distinguish colors. Rods are nothing more than receptors that help us see at night or in the dark. They are responsible for black and white vision, which is why people cannot distinguish colors in the dark.
This is how our vision works and this is why we can all distinguish all kinds of colors in all their diversity.
Many people are interested in the question of why this or that object has certain colors, or in general, why is the world colored? At the same time, in lighting we see everything in different colors, and in its absence the world becomes black and white. There are several theories on this matter, each of which has a right to exist. But still, most scientists agree that there is no such thing as color at all. We are surrounded electromagnetic waves, each of which has a certain length. Each type of electromagnetic wave has an exciting effect on our eyes, and the sensations that arise in this case give rise to certain “imaginary colors” in our vision.
Most of the above has already been received scientific proof. Thus, it has been precisely established that the retina of our eye has three types of special receptors - cones. Each type of such receptors is tuned to perceive certain type part of the spectrum (there are three main parts: blue, red and green). From these three colors, through combinations, you can get all the existing shades in the world. This is quite normal for our vision, which is trichromatic color.
Our eye is capable of capturing only the visible range of the spectrum, that is, only part of electromagnetic vibrations. So that it appears Blue colour, the retina must be hit by electromagnetic waves whose length is 440 nanometers, for red - 570 nanometers, and green - 535 nanometers. It is easy to notice that red and green have very close wavelength ranges, which leads to the fact that some people with a disorder in the structure of the retina cannot distinguish between these two colors.
But how do these colors mix and create unique shades? Nature has endowed us with this property. This happens automatically, and we will not be able to see how the mixing occurs, or what colors this or that shade consists of. Receptors in the retina perceive spectra and send signals to the brain, which completes the processing process and produces one color or another. It is thanks to the brain that we get clear outlines of objects and their color details. This property has been adopted by artists who, like cones, mix primary colors, obtaining all kinds of shades for their works.
Why do we see everything in black and white at night? It's all because of light, without which we won't be able to see absolutely anything. The receptors - cones, which were discussed above, and which are actually responsible for color vision, have very low light sensitivity, and in low light they simply “do not work”.
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Find out the nature of color. Study the influence of different colors on human life. Find out how to use this knowledge in Everyday life. Familiarize yourself with the literature on color issues. Establish the relationship between light and color. Learn about the properties and symbolism of each color. Collect photographic material to illustrate the project. Draw conclusions based on the information collected.
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Light is one of the basic conditions for the existence of life on earth. It seems to us that the light is white. But in reality it consists of different colors. We can be convinced of this by observing the appearance of a rainbow after the rain. Sunlight passing through a raindrop is split into the colors of the spectrum. Red, yellow and blue are known as the primary colors - they are pure colors and cannot be created by mixing any others. The other three (orange, green and purple) are called secondary colors because they are made by mixing equal parts of a mixture of the two closest primary colors. The relationship between light and color. The first scientist to prove that white is a mixture of colors was Isaac Newton.
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For a long time people could not understand the nature of color. They thought that the eyes emitted colored rays that painted objects in different colors. A yellow ray of light fell from the eye onto a chicken, and we see it yellow, a green ray fell on a leaf of a tree, the leaf will be green. Now we know that it is the light of the Sun or another light source that falls on objects, is reflected from them, enters our eyes, and we see these bodies. Why do we see them in different colors? Each object reflects light differently: it reflects some rays that make up white light, and absorbs some. A rose is red because it reflects only red rays. A green leaf absorbs all colors of the solar spectrum except green. And we see the leaf green. Snow is white, which means it reflects Sun rays all colors. Coal is black because it absorbs all rays. Transparent bodies - water, air, glass - transmit rays of light through themselves and therefore have no color. Why do people see the world in different colors?
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Red is the very first color that man began to distinguish from the colorful picture of the world. And it began to mean the most important thing - life. IN Ancient Rus' the word “red” had nothing to do with color. It meant beauty. “Dinner is not made of pies, it is made of food.” And the red color in those days was called “scarlet”, because it was from small worms that paint of this color was made. Cheerful, hot red color is loved by many peoples of the world. For example, in China, not a single holiday is complete without this color. The Chinese wedding is called “red happiness”.
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Red color renders greatest influence per person. It is associated with masculinity, and it is not for nothing that many military banners have this color. Red is the color of victory. On the other hand, it is the color of blood. And therefore, the color of war, struggle, aggression and anger. Red color warns of danger. A red traffic light means “No way.” Prohibition signs are red. This is the color of fire, no wonder the color fire truck also red.
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The color red evokes feelings of strength, energy, determination, joy and victory. In humans, this color increases the level of performance. On the other hand, it increases anxiety, causes excitement, and increases body temperature. A person who likes the color red is characterized as bold, domineering, hot-tempered and sociable.
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Orange color is made by mixing red and yellow. The name of this color was given by the orange tree. This color is very popular in the East, where it signifies sun and fertility, hope for the future and prosperity. Orange is the color of the hearth. In France, the bride's head is still decorated with an orange blossom wreath, i.e. wreath of orange blossoms as a symbol fast increase families. In Japan, orange is also associated with love and family happiness. In Europe, orange is a symbol of protest. It demonstrates strength, endurance and success. This national color Netherlands. In the Middle Ages, it was the favorite color of knights and signified a sense of adventure.
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Orange is the color of joy and optimism. The joyful orange color activates sociability in a person, eliminates negative emotions, improves mood and promotes thought processes. Orange color accelerates blood circulation and increases appetite. Famous artist Kazimir Malevich not only painted pictures, but also studied the influence of color on human activity. He was the first to suggest the use of orange jackets for road workers. Because this color ensures maximum visibility of a person even in poor conditions weather conditions. It also performs a good signal function, attracts our attention and is clearly visible from afar. This is the active color. Children and athletes love it. Orange color is preferred by people with intuition. They are passionate dreamers.
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Yellow is the most controversial color. Yellow produces very warm, pleasant impression. This is the color of the sun, gold, happiness. In the east, golden yellow is considered the color of wisdom, and in China, for centuries, only the emperor was allowed to wear yellow clothes. In Japan, yellow chrysanthemums are presented as gifts to the most beloved and respected people. And in India, this color is associated with trade and successful deals. However, at the same time, this color symbolizes envy, deception, betrayal and cowardice. Among the Slavs, yellow still means separation.
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Yellow color is very positive influence per person. It inspires optimism and joy, improves mood, memory, and drives away fatigue. Scientists have found that the color yellow stimulates thinking. The combination of black font on a yellow background is best retained in a person’s memory. People who are drawn to yellow are often distinguished by their keen intuition and ability to foresight. Yellow color is chosen by calm, intelligent and relaxed people.
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Green is the most widespread color, the color of nature. The color green is most revered in the East. He is associated with eternal life, immortality. Traditionally considered a symbol of balance and harmony, hope and joy, spring and rebirth. Green is the national color of Ireland because... The symbol of the country is the green clover leaf. And the British associated green with good luck and the protection of forest spirits, fairies, and elves. In the Old Russian language there was a word “zel”, which meant “young greenery, grass.” The word “potion” is derived from it. Previously, this was the name for an ordinary herbal infusion, but later it acquired a fabulous connotation - it began to mean something like a witchcraft drink.
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Green is the permissive color of the traffic light. This is the color of defenders environment, who unite in the Green Party. Lively and invigorating green color improves performance, increases visual acuity and concentration. Creating an atmosphere of peace and quiet, this color is especially effective in treating heart disease and nervous fatigue. Previously, doctors always wore white clothes - the color of purity. Then, at the beginning of the 20th century, one famous surgeon began to wear green because he decided that it would be easier on the eyes. Subsequent practice showed that green color is best suited for operations, because it is most comfortable for human eyes and switching the eyes from red to green reduces the risk of fatigue. But green also has negative interpretations. For example, a person who gets angry easily is said to be green with anger. And when we are bored, we say “green melancholy.” Green color is usually preferred by people who are sincere, calm, open and sociable.
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Light blue is the coolest of all colors. This light and transparent color clean water gives a feeling of flight and has a calming effect. In many cultures around the world, the blue hue is considered a symbol of pure innocence, airy lightness and childlike ease. In England and many other countries, blue is perceived as light shade blue and does not stand out as an independent color. And in Russia, blue is the color of dreams. No wonder there is stable expression « blue dream”, that is, ideal, beautiful and difficult to achieve. Noble Egyptian women used special blue paint to paint the veins on their arms and legs to emphasize their noble origins. Perhaps it was from this custom that the familiar expression “ blue blood", indicating that a person belongs to an aristocratic family.
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Blue is considered the color of spiritual purity. This is the color of water and air, so it is often used where it is necessary to create the effect of refreshing coolness. Blue is indispensable in hot countries and in cramped, stuffy rooms. Blue color relaxes and promotes inner harmony. It relieves mental stress, lowers temperature, relaxes muscles and increases the body's resistance to various stresses. People who love the color blue are open, friendly, easy to talk to, and optimistic. They are not afraid to change their usual environment, love to travel and do not forget to dream. But at the same time, they cannot be called superficial: they prefer to delve into the essence and bring the things they start to the end.
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Blue is the calmest color of the spectrum. IN different languages In the world, words denoting the color blue appeared much later than words denoting black, white, red, green and yellow. Perhaps this is explained by the fact that the ancient authors felt the ghostliness and unreality of the blue color. It evokes the feeling of vast desert spaces and something flying into the distance. It is vast and incomprehensible, like the endless sky and the bottomless ocean. This color is a symbol of honesty and loyalty. In the dark version, blue symbolizes power and success (dark blue suits were traditionally worn by government officials). Like other colors, blue is ambiguous and mysterious. It is associated with thoughtfulness, sadness and melancholy. And in Japan it is considered the color of scoundrels and scammers.
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Violet is the most complex of all the colors in the spectrum. It is a mixture of red and blue colors. In the Middle Ages, when building cathedrals, stained glass (colored glass) glass was most often used in red and blue colors. The combination of red - the color of blood - and blue - the color of the sky - created the effect of violet tones, which were considered the color of prayer, everything that is connected with the spiritual world. It is not without reason that it has long been considered the color of philosophers and poets. Purple represents everything unconventional. This is the color of our imagination, magic, magic. In England in the 17th century, only members of the royal family could wear purple clothing.
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The color violet makes us think about eternity and gives rise to sadness. It is miraculously capable of improving the performance of creative people and influencing the spiritual development of a person. Violet and lilac are used in the treatment of heart disease and high blood pressure. No wonder this color is considered the most suitable for clothing for older women. It increases the endurance of the heart and lungs, and is indispensable in the treatment of concussions. Purple color is chosen by decisive and mysterious natures, who show interest in everything mysterious and magical.
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On the relevance of the issue under consideration Light is one of necessary conditions existence of life on earth Through the eyes, a person receives 70% of information about the world around him. Colors play very important role in our lives: Color affects our state and behavior Colors signal and warn us of danger Colors create a certain atmosphere They can even affect our well-being
Candidate of Chemical Sciences O. BELOKONEVA.
Science and life // Illustrations
Science and life // Illustrations
Science and life // Illustrations
Imagine that you are standing in a sunlit meadow. How many around bright colors: green grass, yellow dandelions, red strawberries, lilac-blue bells! But the world is bright and colorful only during the day; at dusk, all objects become equally gray, and at night they become completely invisible. It is the light that allows you to see the world in all its colorful splendor.
The main source of light on Earth is the Sun, a huge hot ball, in the depths of which there are continuous nuclear reactions. The Sun sends part of the energy of these reactions to us in the form of light.
What is light? Scientists have debated this for centuries. Some believed that light was a stream of particles. Others conducted experiments from which it was obvious that light behaves like a wave. Both of them turned out to be right. Light is electromagnetic radiation, which can be represented as a traveling wave. A wave is created by oscillations of electric and magnetic fields. The higher the vibration frequency, the more energy the radiation carries. And at the same time, radiation can be considered as a stream of particles - photons. For now, it is more important to us that light is a wave, although in the end we will have to remember about photons.
The human eye (unfortunately, or perhaps fortunately) is capable of perceiving electromagnetic radiation only in a very narrow range of wavelengths, from 380 to 740 nanometers. This visible light is emitted by the photosphere, a relatively thin (less than 300 km thick) shell of the Sun. If you decompose “white” sunlight into wavelengths, you get a visible spectrum - the well-known rainbow, in which the waves different lengths are perceived by us as different colors: from red (620-740 nm) to violet (380-450 nm). Radiation with a wavelength greater than 740 nm (infrared) and less than 380-400 nm (ultraviolet) is invisible to the human eye. The retina of the eye contains special cells - receptors that are responsible for the perception of color. They have a conical shape, which is why they are called cones. A person has three types of cones: some perceive light best in the blue-violet region, others in the yellow-green region, and others in the red.
What determines the color of the things around us? In order for our eye to see any object, it is necessary that the light first hits this object, and only then the retina. We see objects because they reflect light, and this reflected light, passing through the pupil and lens, hits the retina. Naturally, the eye cannot see light absorbed by an object. Soot, for example, absorbs almost all radiation and appears black to us. Snow, on the contrary, evenly reflects almost all the light falling on it and therefore appears white. What happens if sunlight falls on a wall painted blue? Only blue rays will be reflected from it, and the rest will be absorbed. That's why we perceive the color of the wall as blue, because the absorbed rays simply do not have a chance to hit the retina.
Different objects, depending on what substance they are made of (or what paint they are painted with), absorb light in different ways. When we say: “The ball is red,” we mean that the light reflected from its surface affects only those retinal receptors that are sensitive to red color. This means that the paint on the surface of the ball absorbs all light rays except red ones. An object itself has no color; color appears when electromagnetic waves in the visible range are reflected from it. If you were asked to guess what color a piece of paper is in a sealed black envelope, you will not sin at all against the truth if you answer: “No!” And if a red surface is illuminated with green light, it will appear black, because green light does not contain rays corresponding to red color. Most often, a substance absorbs radiation in different parts visible spectrum. The chlorophyll molecule, for example, absorbs light in the red and blue regions, and the reflected waves produce green color. Thanks to this, we can admire the greenery of forests and grasses.
Why do some substances absorb green light, while others absorb red? This is determined by the structure of the molecules that make up the substance. The interaction of matter with light radiation occurs in such a way that at one time one molecule “swallows” only one portion of radiation, in other words, one quantum of light or photon (this is where the idea of light as a stream of particles comes in handy for us!). The photon energy is directly related to the frequency of the radiation (the higher the energy, the higher the frequency). Having absorbed a photon, the molecule moves to a higher energy level. The energy of a molecule does not increase smoothly, but abruptly. Therefore, the molecule does not absorb any electromagnetic waves, but only those that are suitable for its “portion” size.
So it turns out that not a single object is colored by itself. Color arises from the selective absorption of visible light by a substance. And since there are a great many substances capable of absorption - both natural and created by chemists - in our world, the world under the Sun is colored with bright colors.
The oscillation frequency ν, the wavelength of light λ and the speed of light c are related by a simple formula:
The speed of light in vacuum is constant (300 million nm/s).
The wavelength of light is usually measured in nanometers.
1 nanometer (nm) is a unit of length equal to one billionth of a meter (10 -9 m).
One millimeter contains a million nanometers.
Oscillation frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz). 1 Hz is one oscillation per second.
Choosing a research topic All objects around us: plants, houses, furniture, toys and so on have their own color. Some colors create a joyful mood. For example, to improve the mood on her birthday, mom always decorates the room with balloons and posters. Some colors, on the contrary, make us sad. How sad it can be when the weather is gray and gloomy outside. But I noticed that the color of the sky is different weather and in different time day has a different color. The same thing happens with the colors of other objects. And if you imagine that all the colors suddenly disappeared! What a gloomy picture it will be! I became interested in why we see colors, how color is made, and how many colors there are.
Research objectives 1) Read books about color and its origin, analyze what you read. 2) Conduct surveys and experiments. 3) Find out what colors there are. 4) Observe how color changes at different times of the day 5 5) Establish that color depends on light or not. 6) Present the collected information in the form of a presentation.
Research hypothesis. Perhaps color is what surrounds us. Perhaps color is what surrounds us. I think the human eye can distinguish more than 250 colors. I think the human eye can distinguish more than 250 colors. Perhaps by mixing several colors, new colors and shades are obtained. Perhaps by mixing several colors, new colors and shades are obtained. I think colors are hard to see in the dark. I think colors are hard to see in the dark. Perhaps the primary colors are red, yellow and blue. Perhaps the primary colors are red, yellow and blue.
Research methods. I used the following research methods: I used the following research methods: - analysis scientific literature; - analysis of scientific literature; - observations; - observations; - survey; - survey; - experiment; - comparison; - experiment; - comparison; - generalization. - generalization.
The meaning of color in human life The meaning of color in human life Any object has its own color. We recognize some objects only because of their color. Color helps us know whether the berries are ripe, or that autumn has already arrived, because the green leaves have turned yellow and red. If we imagine that all colors have disappeared from the surrounding world, and we only see it grey-white. What a dull, monotonous and unusual picture this will create! It turns out how much color means in our lives! Nature has endowed us the most complex system sense organs. The most developed part of this system is vision. Through the organs of vision, a person perceives up to 90 percent of everything received from outside world information. A special feature of human vision is its ability to distinguish colors well.
Color and light Color and light We observe all the rich colors of nature mainly in the morning or afternoon, i.e. when nature is illuminated by the sun. IN dark night It is almost impossible to distinguish not only colors, but sometimes even the objects themselves. Consequently, the more objects are illuminated, the more definitely we understand their color. We observe all the rich colors of nature mainly in the morning or afternoon, i.e. when nature is illuminated by the sun. On a dark night, it is almost impossible to distinguish not only colors, but sometimes even the objects themselves. Consequently, the more objects are illuminated, the more definitely we understand their color. The color of objects is directly related to light. Sources of light can be various luminous bodies, for example, a candle, the moon, stars, but of all light sources, the sun is the most powerful and important source, giving the richest and most effective color to objects. The color of objects is directly related to light. Sources of light can be various luminous bodies, for example, a candle, the moon, stars, but of all light sources, the sun is the most powerful and important source, giving the richest and most effective color to objects. Sunlight at noon under a cloudless sky is taken to be normal white light, with which all other lights are compared. Sunlight at noon under a cloudless sky is taken to be normal white light, with which all other lights are compared.
Where does a rainbow come from? Despite the fact that sunlight is white, it can illuminate raindrops, or a triangular prism, and under certain conditions we observe a rainbow, otherwise - a spectrum. Despite the fact that sunlight is white, it can illuminate raindrops, or a triangular prism, and under certain conditions we observe a rainbow, otherwise a spectrum.
The spectrum consists of alternating rays of different lengths and different colors - red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. The origin of the color phenomena of the rainbow differs from the origin of the color of other bodies of nature, but in both cases the color occurs under the influence sunlight. I. Newton was the first to discover this phenomenon, and explained that by mixing seven colors, a wealth of natural colors is created. A normal human eye can distinguish up to 130 different colors in the spectrum. In general, the human eye can distinguish about 360 shades of color.
If you mix spectral colors, you get white. To verify this, you can conduct an experiment. The cardboard circle must be divided by radii into sectors, according to the number of colors of the rainbow, and each sector must be painted with the corresponding color of the spectrum (Appendix 2). The circle must be placed on the axis in such a way that it can be brought into rapid rotation using a special mechanism. Looking at such a rapidly moving circle, we will not distinguish individual colors, and the entire circle will seem to be colored solid gray, which is a weakened white. With the help of such a device it is impossible to obtain the impression of a completely white color, because material paint is inferior in purity and strength to spectral colors. If you mix spectral colors, you get white. To verify this, you can conduct an experiment. The cardboard circle must be divided by radii into sectors, according to the number of colors of the rainbow, and each sector must be painted with the corresponding color of the spectrum (Appendix 2). The circle must be placed on the axis in such a way that it can be brought into rapid rotation using a special mechanism. Looking at such a rapidly moving circle, we will not distinguish individual colors, but the entire circle will appear to be colored solid gray, which is a weakened white. With the help of such a device it is impossible to obtain the impression of a completely white color, because material paint is inferior in purity and strength to spectral colors.
Why do we see colors In nature, objects and bodies in most cases, with the exception of transparent and colorless bodies, are colored or colored. For example, tree foliage, stones, fabrics and other objects have one color or another. We perceive a certain color of an object because its surface reflects only this color of the spectrum and absorbs all others. For example, red fabric reflects red rays, absorbing all other rays of the spectrum, which is why it appears red, green fabric reflects green rays, delaying everything else, which is why it appears green.
If red fabric is illuminated through blue glass, it will appear almost black, because it absorbs blue rays, and red rays do not reach it in this case. On the contrary, if a red object is illuminated with red light, it will appear even brighter. If red fabric is illuminated through blue glass, it will appear almost black, because it absorbs blue rays, and red rays do not reach it in this case. On the contrary, if a red object is illuminated with red light, it will appear even brighter. White objects reflect all rays of the spectrum to the same extent. Therefore, white objects equally take on the color of the light with which they are illuminated. If you illuminate paper with red rays, it will appear red, if with blue rays, it will appear blue, etc. White objects reflect all rays of the spectrum to the same extent. Therefore, white objects equally take on the color of the light with which they are illuminated. If you illuminate paper with red rays, it will appear red, if with blue rays, it will appear blue, etc. Completely black objects, in contrast to white ones, absorb all the rays of the spectrum. And since there is no black color in the spectrum, the color of black paint depends on the fact that it does not reflect any rays. Completely black objects, in contrast to white ones, absorb all the rays of the spectrum. And since there is no black color in the spectrum, the color of black paint depends on the fact that it does not reflect any rays. In reality, however, it reflects some rays to a weak extent. If black paint did not reflect light rays at all, then we would not be able to observe folds on black materials. In reality, however, it reflects some rays to a weak extent. If black paint did not reflect light rays at all, then we would not be able to observe folds on black materials. Grey colour occupies an intermediate place between white and black, i.e. it reflects a little bit of every color. Gray color occupies an intermediate place between white and black, i.e. it reflects a little bit of every color.
Characteristics of color One group consists of achromatic colors: black, white and all grays. These are the so-called neutral colors. A trained human eye can distinguish about 30 achromatic shades and about 360 shades of chromatic colors by degree of lightness. A trained human eye can distinguish about 30 achromatic shades and about 360 shades of chromatic colors by degree of lightness. The second group includes chromatic (color) colors - all colors except black, white and gray, that is, red, yellow, blue, green, pink, cyan, crimson, turquoise, etc. The second group includes chromatic (color) colors - all colors except black, white and gray, that is, red, yellow, blue, green, pink, cyan, crimson, turquoise, etc. The whole variety of colors can be divided into two large groups.
Color Wheel When looking at the spectrum of sunlight, we see violet at one end and red at the other. To represent the spectrum as a circle, it is necessary to convey a smooth transition from red to violet. When looking at the spectrum of sunlight, we see violet at one end and red at the other. To represent the spectrum as a circle, it is necessary to convey a smooth transition from red to violet.
Colors that can be obtained by mixing primary colors are called composite or derivative. These are: orange, green, purple colors. Colors that can be obtained by mixing primary colors are called composite or derivative. These are: orange, green, purple colors. In the color wheel, three colors can be distinguished in which there are no admixtures of other colors. These colors - yellow, red, blue - are called primary. In the color wheel, three colors can be distinguished in which there are no admixtures of other colors. These colors - yellow, red, blue - are called primary.
The arrangement of colors on the color wheel makes it possible to identify complementary, or contrasting, colors located at opposite ends of the diameters. For example, drawing the diameter through the middle in the color wheel yellow color, we can determine that the opposite end of the diameter will pass through the middle purple. Opposite orange on the color wheel is blue. Red will have green as its complement and vice versa. The combination of complementary colors gives us a feeling of special brightness of color. Complementary colors when mixed form an achromatic color. Mixing two complementary colors of light rays produces white.
The color wheel can be divided into two parts. One part includes red, orange, yellow, yellow-green colors, which are called warm, as they are associated with the color of fire and the sun. The other part includes bluish-green, blue, blue, violet and are called cold, as they are reminiscent of the color of water, ice, and metal. The other part includes bluish-green, blue, blue, violet and are called cold, as they are reminiscent of the color of water, ice, and metal.
Conclusions of the study My hypothesis turned out to be partially correct. As I expected, color is a sign of the objects that surround us. The human eye can distinguish up to 360 colors. Through experiments, I realized that when several colors are mixed, new colors and shades are obtained. In the evening, in the dark, I watched and realized that colors were difficult to distinguish in the dark. And also thanks to literature, I learned that there is mechanical mixing and optical mixing. In mechanical mixing, the main colors are red, yellow, and blue. In optical, red, green, blue. I found the answer to my question. It sounds like this: COLOR IS ONE OF THE SIGNS OF OBJECTS WE VIEW, A CONSCIOUS VISUAL SENSATION.
References Sokolnikova N.M. Sokolnikova N.M. Fine arts: textbook for grades 5-8: In 4 hours. Part 2. Fundamentals of painting. Fine arts: textbook for grades 5-8: In 4 hours. Part 2. Fundamentals of painting. School of drawing and painting. School of drawing and painting. " Publishing House“BALANCE” - development, design, publication, “Publishing House “BALANCE” - development, design, publication, Vorontsova M.M. – author - compiler. Vorontsova M.M. – author - compiler. Belyaeva S.E. Belyaeva S.E. Basics visual arts and artistic design: A textbook for beginners. prof. textbook institutions / Svetlana Evgenievna Fundamentals of fine arts and artistic design: A textbook for beginners. prof. textbook institutions / Svetlana Evgenievna Belyaeva. – M.: Publishing center “Academy”, Belyaeva. – M.: Publishing center “Academy”, Special thanks to the director T.G. Elchugina. Special thanks to the head T.G. Elchugina and my mother Vepreva G.M. and my mother Vepreva G.M.