On education science and. UNESCO: history, goals and structure of the organization
Charter of the United Nations
UNESCO action
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (eng. UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations,
The main goals declared by the organization are to promote the strengthening of peace and security through the expansion of cooperation between states and peoples in the field of education, science and culture; ensuring justice and observance of the rule of law, universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, for all peoples, without distinction of race, sex, language or religion.
The main areas of activity are presented in five program sectors: education, natural sciences, social and human sciences, culture, communication and information. There are also a number of cross-cutting themes that are an integral part of all areas. Since 2008, one such cross-cutting theme has been gender equality.
The organization was established on November 16, 1945 and is headquartered in Paris (France). The organization currently has 195 Member States and 8 Associate Members, i.e. territories not responsible for foreign policy. 182 member states have a permanent establishment in Paris, where there are also 4 permanent observers and 9 observation missions of intergovernmental organizations. The organization includes more than 60 bureaus and divisions located in various parts of the world.
The Governments of the States Parties to this Charter declare, on behalf of their peoples, the following:
thoughts of war arise in the minds of people, therefore, the idea of \u200b\u200bdefending peace should be rooted in the minds of people;
mutual misunderstanding has been throughout the history of mankind the cause of suspicion and distrust between peoples, as a result of which their disagreements too often led to war;
the terrible world war that has just ended was made possible by the rejection of democratic principles of respect for the dignity of the human person, equality and mutual respect for people, and also by the doctrine of inequality of people and races implanted on the basis of ignorance and prejudice;
the maintenance of human dignity requires the widespread dissemination of culture and education among all people on the basis of justice, freedom and peace; therefore a sacred duty is entrusted to all peoples in this respect, to be carried out in a spirit of mutual co-operation;
a peace based only on the economic and political agreements of governments will not be able to win the unanimous, firm and sincere support of the peoples; it must be based on the intellectual and moral solidarity of mankind;
Guided by the above considerations and believing in the need to provide all people with full and equal opportunities for education, unhindered search for objective truth and free exchange of thoughts and knowledge, the States signatories to this Charter expressed their firm determination to develop and expand ties between their peoples for the purpose of mutual understanding and acquiring more accurate and clear understanding of each other's lives.
Consequently, they establish by this act the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization for the purpose of progressively achieving, through the cooperation of the peoples of the whole world in the field of education, science and culture, international peace and the general welfare of mankind, for which the United Nations was established, as proclaimed her charter.
Goals and responsibilities
1. The Organization sets itself the task of contributing to the strengthening of peace and security by expanding the cooperation of peoples in the field of education, science and culture in the interests of ensuring universal respect for justice, law and human rights, as well as fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, for all peoples without differences in race, sex, language or religion.
2. To this end, the Organization
(a) promotes the rapprochement and mutual understanding of peoples through the use of all media and recommends to this end the conclusion of international agreements which it may deem useful for the free circulation of ideas by word and image;
b) Encourage the development of public education and the dissemination of culture, cooperating with the Member States of the Organization, at their request, in expanding educational activities, seeking cooperation among peoples with a view to the gradual realization of the ideal of access to education for all, regardless of race, sex or any social economic differences, offering methods of education most suitable for instilling in the children of the world a sense of responsibility as a free man;
c) helps to preserve, increase and disseminate knowledge, taking care of the preservation and protection of the world heritage of mankind - books, works of art and monuments of historical and scientific significance, as well as recommending to interested countries the conclusion of relevant international conventions, encouraging cooperation between peoples in all areas of mental activity, international the exchange of persons working in the field of education, science and culture, as well as the exchange of publications, works of art, laboratory equipment and all useful documentation, providing all peoples with various types of international cooperation the opportunity to familiarize themselves with everything that is published in individual countries.
3. In order to secure to the Member States of this Organization the independence, integrity and preservation of the distinctiveness of their cultures and educational systems, the Organization renounces all interference in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of those countries.
Membership
1. Admission to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is open to States Members of the United Nations.
2. In accordance with an agreement concluded between the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the United Nations and approved under Article X of this Constitution, States which are not Members of the United Nations may, on the proposal of the Executive Council, be admitted to the Organization by its General Conference by a two-thirds majority.
3. Territories or groups of territories not responsible for the conduct of their external relations may be admitted as Associate Members by the General Conference by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting, if such admission is requested for each of the territories or group of territories in question. the Member State or body responsible for the conduct of their external relations. The nature and scope of the rights and obligations of Associate Members shall be established by the General Conference.
4. The exercise of the rights and privileges of a State Member of this Organization whose rights and privileges as a Member of the United Nations have been suspended shall be suspended at the request of the latter.
5. Member States of the Organization automatically withdraw from it if they are excluded from the United Nations.
6. A Member State or an Associate Member of the Organization may withdraw from its membership upon appropriate notice to the Director General. This notice shall become effective on December 31st of the year following that in which it was given. Withdrawal from the Organization does not remove the financial obligations incumbent on the withdrawing state in relation to the Organization by the time the decision on its withdrawal comes into force. Notification of the withdrawal of an Associate Member from the Organization shall be made on his behalf by the Government of the Member State or by another body responsible for conducting its external relations.
7. Each Member State has the right to appoint a permanent representative to UNESCO.
8. The Permanent Representative of a Member State presents his credentials to the Director General of the Organization and formally assumes his duties from the date of the presentation of his credentials.
Article III
The organs of the Organization are: the General Conference, the Executive Council and the Secretariat.
general conference
1. The General Conference shall consist of representatives of the Member States of the Organization. The Government of each Member State shall appoint no more than five representatives, chosen in consultation with the National Commission, if one exists, or with the educational, scientific and cultural institutions.
B. Functions
2. The General Conference determines the direction and general line of the Organization's activities. It decides on the programs referred to it by the Executive Council.
3. The General Conference convenes, when necessary and in accordance with the rules approved by it, international conferences of states on matters relating to education, the natural and human sciences and the dissemination of knowledge; non-governmental conferences on the same issues may be convened by the General Conference or the Executive Board in accordance with the rules approved by the General Conference.
4. In favoring the adoption of drafts proposed to Member States, the General Conference must distinguish between recommendations to Member States and international conventions to be ratified by Member States. In the first case, a simple majority of votes is sufficient; in the second, a two-thirds majority is needed.
Each of the Member States shall submit these recommendations or conventions to its competent authorities within one year from the closing date of the session of the General Conference at which they were adopted.
5. In accordance with paragraph 6(c) of Article V, the General Conference shall give its opinions to the United Nations on educational, scientific and cultural matters of interest to this Organization, in accordance with the procedure and time limits to be determined by the competent authorities of both organizations.
6. The General Conference shall receive and consider reports submitted to the Organization by Member States on the implementation of the recommendations and conventions referred to in paragraph 4 above, or, if the Conference so decides, summaries of these reports.
7. The General Conference elects the members of the Executive Council; on the recommendation of the Executive Board, it appoints the Director General.
8. a) Each Member State shall have one vote at the General Conference. Decisions shall be taken by a simple majority, except where the provisions of these Constitutions or the Rules of Procedure of the General Conference require a two-thirds majority. Majority means the majority of those present and voting.
b) A Member State of the Organization shall not be entitled to vote in the General Conference if the amount of its outstanding contributions exceeds the amount of contributions due from it for the current and previous calendar years.
c) The General Conference may, however, authorize such a Member State of the Organization to vote if it finds that the non-payment was due to circumstances beyond its control.
D. Procedure
9. a) The General Conference meets in ordinary session every two years. It may meet in extraordinary session by its own decision, by decision of the Executive Council or at the request of at least one third of the Member States.
b) The Conference shall fix at each session the place for convening the next regular session. The place for convening an extraordinary session shall be fixed by the General Conference if the initiative for convening comes from it, or, in all other cases, by the Executive Council.
10. The General Conference approves its Rules of Procedure. It elects at each session a President and other members of the Presidium.
11. The General Conference establishes special and technical commissions and other subsidiary bodies necessary for the performance of its tasks.
12. In accordance with the Rules of Procedure, the General Conference must take appropriate measures to ensure that meetings are held in public.
E. Observers
13. On the recommendation of the Executive Council, in accordance with its Rules of Procedure, the General Conference may, by decision taken by a two-thirds majority, invite as observers to certain sessions of the Conference or its commissions representatives of international organizations, in particular those referred to in paragraph 4 of Article XI.
14. If the Executive Council has granted consultative status to such international non-governmental and semi-governmental organizations in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 4 of Article XI, these organizations are invited to send their observers to the sessions of the General Conference and its commissions.
Executive Council
1. a) The Executive Council shall be composed of fifty-eight Member States, who shall be elected by the General Conference. The Chairman of the General Conference ex officio participates with the right of an advisory vote in the meetings of the Executive Council.
b) Member States elected to the Executive Council are hereinafter referred to as "members" of the Executive Council.
2. a) Each member of the Executive Council shall appoint one representative. He may also appoint alternate representatives.
b) In selecting his/her representative on the Executive Board, a member of the Executive Board shall endeavor to appoint to that office a person who is competent in one or more of UNESCO's fields of competence and who has the experience and qualifications necessary to carry out the administrative and executive functions of the Board. Considering the importance of continuity, each representative shall be appointed for the term of the elected member of the Executive Board, unless exceptional circumstances warrant his replacement. Alternates appointed by each member of the Executive Council shall act in the absence of a representative in all his capacities.
3. In electing members to the Executive Board, the General Conference shall take into account cultural diversity and equitable geographical distribution.
4. a) Members of the Executive Board shall exercise their duties from the end of the session of the General Conference at which they were elected until the end of the second regular session of the General Conference following it. The General Conference, at each of its regular sessions, shall elect such number of members, the Executive Council, as is necessary to fill the seats vacant at the end of the session.
b) Members of the Executive Council may be re-elected. Members of the Executive Board re-elected for a new term shall try to replace their representatives on the Board.
5. In the event of withdrawal from the Organization of a member of the Executive Council, his term of office ends on the effective date of his withdrawal.
B. Functions
6. a) The Executive Board prepares the agenda of the General Conference. It shall review the program of work of the Organization and the related budget estimates submitted to it by the Director-General in accordance with Article VI, paragraph 3, and submit them to the General Conference with any recommendations it may deem appropriate.
b) The Executive Board, acting in accordance with the authority of the General Conference, shall be responsible to it for the implementation of the program adopted by it. In accordance with the decisions of the General Conference, and taking into account circumstances that may arise between ordinary sessions, the Executive Board shall take all necessary measures for the effective and efficient implementation of the program by the Director-General.
c) Between two ordinary sessions of the General Conference, the Council may exercise the advisory functions with the United Nations provided for in Article IV.B, paragraph 5, provided that the matter on which an opinion is sought has already been considered in principle by the Conference or when a decision on the matter from the decisions of the Conference.
7. The Executive Board makes recommendations to the General Conference regarding the admission of new Members to the Organization.
8. In accordance with the decisions of the General Conference, the Executive Board approves its rules of procedure. It elects officers from among its members.
9. The Executive Board meets in regular session at least four times during a biennium. The Chairman may call it to an extraordinary session on his own initiative or at the request of the six members of the Executive Board.
10. The President of the Executive Board shall submit, on behalf of the Board, to each ordinary session of the General Conference, reports on the activities of the Organization, with or without comments, prepared by the Director-General in accordance with the provisions of Article VI 3b.
11. The Executive Council shall take all necessary measures to consult with representatives of international organizations or competent persons who deal with matters within the scope of the activities of the Council.
12. Between sessions of the General Conference, the Executive Council may seek advisory opinions from the International Court of Justice on legal questions arising in the course of the activities of the Organization.
13. The Executive Council also exercises the powers conferred on it by the General Conference on behalf of the entire Conference.
Secretariat
1. The Secretariat shall consist of the Director General and such personnel as deemed necessary.
2. The Director-General is appointed by the General Conference on the nomination of a candidate by the Executive Board for a term of four years, on terms and conditions approved by the Conference. The Director General may be appointed for a second term of four years, after which he is not eligible for a new appointment. The Director General is the chief officer of the Organization.
3. a) The Director-General or his replacement shall take part, without the right to vote, in all meetings of the General Conference, the Executive Council and the Commissions of the Organization. He formulates proposals for action to be taken by the Conference and the Council and prepares for submission to the Council a draft program of work of the Organization with related budget estimates.
b) The Director General prepares and circulates to the Member States and the Executive Council periodic reports on the activities of the Organization. The General Conference determines which periods of activity should be covered by these reports.
4. The staff of the Secretariat shall be appointed by the Director General in accordance with the Staff Regulations approved by the General Conference. Personnel are recruited on as wide a geographical basis as possible, but above all they are subject to the highest standards of integrity, efficiency and professional competence.
5. The duties of the Director General and the staff are of an exclusively international character. In the performance of their duties, they shall not seek or receive instructions from any government or agency unrelated to the Organization. They must refrain from any action that might affect their position as international officials. Each Member State of the Organization undertakes to respect the international nature of the functions of the Director General and the staff of the Secretariat and not to attempt to influence them in the performance of their duties.
6. Nothing in this article shall prevent the Organization from entering into special agreements within the framework of the United Nations for the establishment of joint services and for the recruitment of common personnel and for the exchange of personnel.
Article VII
National collaborating bodies
1. Each Member State of the Organization shall take measures appropriate to its specific conditions to involve in the activities of the Organization its central institutions dealing with questions of education, science and culture, preferably by establishing a national commission in which the government and the said institutions will be represented.
2. In those countries where National Commissions or National Cooperating Bodies exist, they shall exercise advisory functions to their country's delegation to the General Conference, to their country's representative on the Executive Council and to his deputies, and to their government on all matters relating to the Organization. , and play the role of a communication body on all issues of interest to it.
3. At the request of a Member State, the Organization may second a member of the Secretariat to the National Commission of that country, temporarily or permanently, to work with that Commission.
Article VIII
Submission of reports by Member States
Each Member State shall submit to the Organization, at such times and in such form as the General Conference determines, reports containing information on laws, regulations and statistics concerning its institutions and its activities in the field of education, science and culture, as well as on the implementation of recommendations and the conventions referred to in Article IV, paragraph 4.
1. The organization is in charge of its budget.
2. The General Conference shall finalize the budget and determine the financial contribution of each Member State, subject to such provisions as may be established in an appropriate agreement concluded with the United Nations in accordance with Article X of this Constitution.
3. The Director General may accept voluntary contributions, endowments, bequests and grants from governments, public and private institutions, organizations and individuals under the terms and conditions specified in the Financial Regulations.
Relationship with the United Nations
The Organization shall, as soon as possible, contact the United Nations as one of the specialized agencies provided for in Article 57 of the Charter of the United Nations. Their relationship will be established through an agreement with the United Nations in accordance with the provision of Article 63 of its Charter. This agreement will be submitted to the General Conference of this Organization for approval. It will ensure effective cooperation between both organizations in achieving common goals. At the same time, it recognizes the autonomous nature of this Organization in the area of its special competence, as defined in this Charter. This agreement may, inter alia, provide for the approval and financing by the General Assembly of the United Nations of the budget of this Organization.
Relations with other specialized international organizations and institutions
1. The Organization may cooperate with other specialized intergovernmental bodies and institutions whose tasks and activities are consistent with its objectives. To this end, the Director-General, with the permission of the Executive Board, may enter into effective working relations with these organizations and institutions and establish mixed commissions necessary to ensure successful cooperation. Each agreement concluded with these specialized organizations or institutions is submitted to the Executive Council for approval.
2. Whenever the General Conference and the competent organs of any other specialized intergovernmental organizations or agencies having similar purposes consider it desirable to transfer to this Organization the funds or functions of said organizations or agencies, the Director-General may enter into mutually acceptable agreements, subject to the approval of the Conference.
3. The Organization may, in agreement with other intergovernmental organizations, take appropriate measures to ensure, on a reciprocal basis, representation at its meetings.
4. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization may take appropriate measures to organize consultations and ensure cooperation with international non-governmental organizations dealing with matters within its terms of reference, as well as assign specific assignments to them. This cooperation may also be carried out through the participation of representatives of these organizations in the work of the advisory committees established by the General Conference.
Article XII
Legal status of the Organization
The provisions of Articles 104 and 105 of the Charter of the United Nations concerning its legal status, privileges and immunities apply equally to this Organization.
Article XIII
Amendments
1. Draft amendments to these Constitutions shall come into force when they are adopted by the General Conference by a two-thirds majority; however, amendments that fundamentally change the objectives of the Organization or impose new obligations on its members must be accepted by two-thirds of the Member States before they come into force. The text of draft amendments shall be communicated by the Director-General to the Member States at least six months before they are submitted for consideration by the General Conference.
2. The General Conference shall determine, by a two-thirds majority, the manner in which the provisions of this Article shall be enforced.
Article XIV
Interpretation
1. The English and French texts of these Statutes are equally authentic.
2. All questions and disputes relating to the interpretation of this Statute shall be submitted either to the International Court of Justice or to arbitration, as the General Conference decides in accordance with its Rules of Procedure.
Entry into force
1. This Statute is subject to acceptance by the Member States. Instruments of acceptance are deposited with the Government of the United Kingdom.
2. This Charter shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the United Kingdom, where it shall remain open for signature. Signing may take place before or after the deposit of the instruments of acceptance. Acceptance is valid only if it was preceded or followed by signing. However, for a State that has withdrawn from the Organization, in order to become a Member again, it is enough to deposit a new instrument of acceptance.
3. This Statute shall enter into force upon its acceptance by the twenty signatories. Subsequent acts of acceptance shall take effect immediately.
4. The Government of the United Kingdom shall notify all Members of the United Nations, as well as the Director General, of receipt of all acceptances and of the date on which this Constitution comes into force in accordance with the preceding paragraph.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Constitution in the English and French languages, both texts being equally authentic.
Done at London, November 16, 1945, in a single copy in English and French. Duly certified copies will be transmitted by the Government of the United Kingdom to the Governments of all States Members of the United Nations.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization - UNESCO) is an international intergovernmental organization, a specialized agency of the United Nations. Established in November 1945, 184 states are members of UNESCO, including the Russian Federation. The United States (1984), Singapore and the United Kingdom (1985) have withdrawn from UNESCO, but they participate in selected UNESCO activities.
The objectives of UNESCO are: to promote the strengthening of peace and security through the promotion of international cooperation in the field of education, science and culture; ensuring respect for law and justice, human rights and fundamental freedoms without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion, in accordance with the UN Charter.
Structure of UNESCO: 1. General Conference (supreme body). 2. Executive Council. 3. National commissions. 4. Regional structure. 5. Secretariat.
The General Conference, meeting every two years in Paris, determines the objectives and the (biennial) program of action of UNESCO, convenes intergovernmental and non-governmental conferences on education, sciences and humanities or dissemination of general knowledge, elects the members of the Executive Board and appoints, on its recommendation, the Director-General .
The Executive Council consists of 51 members elected by the General Conference from among the delegates (competent persons) appointed by the states. The Council prepares the agenda of the General Conference, makes recommendations on the program and budget, is responsible to the General Conference for the implementation of its decisions, and advises the UN between sessions of the General Conference. The Executive Board meets at least twice a year.
National commissions, the establishment of which is recommended by the Charter, should ensure the inclusion in the work of UNESCO of state bodies dealing with education, science and culture. They have four functions: advising governments and informing the public; linkage of the Member State with UNESCO; participation in the implementation and development of UNESCO programs; implementation of own events (exhibitions, conferences, publications of books, etc.). Member States are divided into five regions (Africa, Latin America, Asia-Pacific, Arab countries, Europe and North America) with about 50 regional offices. Most of the Member States, incl. Russian Federation, have permanent missions at the headquarters of UNESCO.
The Director-General, the highest official of UNESCO, heads the Secretariat. He is elected for a term of six years with the possibility of re-election for another term.
The most important partners of UNESCO are: National Commissions, bodies and institutions of the UN system, and government organizations and foundations, clubs and associated schools of UNESCO. UNESCO's activities are carried out through international intellectual cooperation, mutual assistance, promotion of peace in the following priority areas: 1) education; 2) science; 3) culture; 4) communications; 5) social sciences and development; 6) peace and human rights! century. In its work, UNESCO relies on committees, international missions and other bodies, among them: the International Commission on the History of the Scientific and Cultural Development of Mankind. International Oceanographic Commission, Commission for Culture and Development. International Commission on Education for the 21st Century, International Bureau for School Education in Geneva, International Institute for Educational Planning (in Paris), UNESCO Institute for Education (in Hamburg). UNESCO in implementing a program for the eradication of illiteracy; technical slop program "Science, technology and society"; program "Man and Biosphere", etc.
Thoughts of war arise in people's minds, so the idea of protecting peace should be rooted in people's minds.
What is unesco?
UNESCO is the educational, scientific and cultural agency of the United Nations and is committed to peace through international cooperation in these fields. UNESCO programs contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals set out in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2015.
our vision
Political and economic agreements between governments are not enough to ensure strong and sincere support for the aspirations of the peoples. A lasting peace must be built on the basis of dialogue and mutual understanding, as well as on the intellectual and moral solidarity of mankind.
In this context, UNESCO is developing educational tools to shape the citizens of the future, free from hatred and intolerance. UNESCO is committed to ensuring that every child and citizen has access to quality education. By promoting the preservation of cultural heritage and protecting the equal dignity of all cultures, UNESCO strengthens the bonds between them. UNESCO helps develop research policy as a driving force for development and cooperation. UNESCO defends freedom of expression as a fundamental right and a necessary condition for democracy and development. UNESCO acts as a laboratory of ideas, sets international standards and implements cooperation programs that promote the free exchange of ideas and knowledge.
This vision of the world was born after the Second World War, driven by racist and anti-Semitic ideology. More than seventy years later, UNESCO's mandate remains as relevant as ever in a world where cultural diversity is under attack and plagued by new forms of intolerance, scientific knowledge is questioned and freedom of expression is in danger. In response, UNESCO must continue its humanitarian action in the fields of education, science and culture.
key facts: a selection of unesco success stories
strategic documents
UNESCO has a unique role to play in strengthening the foundations of lasting peace and equitable and sustainable development. Developing cooperation in the fields of education, science, culture, communication and information is of strategic importance at a time when societies around the world are facing increasing pressures of change and the international community is facing new challenges.
unesco history
In 1942, at the height of the Second World War, the governments of European countries fighting Nazi Germany and its allies met in Great Britain for a joint Conference of Ministers of Education (CMOS). The war was far from over, but countries are already concerned about rebuilding their education systems with peace. In a very short time, the project takes on a global scale. More and more states, including the United States of America, are willing to participate in this work. At the suggestion of the CMOS, in London, immediately after the end of the war, from November 1 to November 16, 1945, the UN Conference on the Establishment of the Educational and Cultural Organization (ECO / CONF) is held, in which representatives of 44 states take part. The delegates decide to create an organization dedicated to establishing a true culture of peace. According to their plan, the new organization is designed to help ensure the "intellectual and moral solidarity of mankind" and, thereby, prevent the unleashing of a new world war.
unesco headquarters
On November 3, 1958, the inauguration of the main building of UNESCO headquarters took place in Fontenoy Square in Paris. The building, shaped like the Latin letter Y, was designed by three architects from different countries, and its construction was carried out under the guidance of an international committee. The complex in the form of a three-pointed star was erected on 72 concrete columns. It is known to the whole world not only for the fact that UNESCO is located here, but also for its architectural merits.
The complex is complemented by three other buildings. The first, called the "accordion", contains a large oval hall with a pleated copper ceiling. This is where the plenary sessions of the General Conference take place. The second building was built in the shape of a cube. And, finally, in the third, at a depth of two underground levels, there are six open courtyards, into which the windows of office rooms located along the perimeter open. These buildings are open to the public and contain a large number of unique works of art.
From the very beginning of the construction of the building on Place Fontenoy, UNESCO ordered works of art from famous artists, some of which, in addition to their decorative and artistic purpose, would symbolize peace, the strengthening and preservation of which UNESCO sets as its task. Over time, other works of art were acquired. A number of works have been donated to the Organization by Member States. The works of Picasso, Bazin, Miro, Tapies, Corbusier and many other famous and unknown artists have found their place in this universal museum, reflecting the diversity of artistic creation throughout the world.
On November 23, members of the UNESCO Executive Board elected the Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to UNESCO, Eleonora Mitrofanova, as their chairman - for the first time Russia headed the governing structure of the Organization, a RIA Novosti correspondent reports from a meeting of the board.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO) was established on November 16, 1945.
The Constitution of UNESCO was adopted at the London Conference in November 1945 and entered into force on November 4, 1946 after the deposit of instruments of acceptance by 20 signatory states.
Currently (October 2009) 193 states are full members of UNESCO. 6 states are associate members.
The USSR became the 70th member of the Organization in 1954.
The organization has 67 bureaus and divisions located in different parts of the world.
Headquarters located in Paris, France.
The main objective of UNESCO is to contribute to the strengthening of peace and security by enhancing the cooperation of peoples in the fields of education, science and culture in order to ensure universal respect for justice, law and human rights, as well as fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, for all peoples without distinction of race, sex, language or religion.
In order to carry out its mandate, UNESCO performs five main functions:
Conducts forward-looking research into the forms of education, science, culture and communication needed in tomorrow's world;
- promotes, transfers and exchanges knowledge, relying mainly on research, training and teaching;
- carries out normative activities: preparation and adoption of international acts and mandatory recommendations;
- provides expert services to Member States to determine their development policies and design projects in the form of technical cooperation;
- exchanges specialized information.
Governing Bodies
general conference includes representatives of all Member States of the Organization. The General Conference meets every two years and is attended by Member States and Associate Members. States that are not members of UNESCO, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and foundations are also invited to participate in the work of the General Conference as observers.
The working languages of the General Conference are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish.
Each Member State has one vote at the General Conference, regardless of the size of the population and the size of its contribution to the budget. The General Conference determines the direction and general line of UNESCO's activities, adopts the program and budget of UNESCO for the next two years, elects the members of the Executive Board every four years and the Director-General.
CEO elected every four years (previously he was appointed for a six-year term). The Director General leads the Secretariat.
Director-General of UNESCO - former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria Irina Bokova.
Executive Council- the main working body of UNESCO. As an administrative body, it prepares the work of the General Conference and is responsible for the effective implementation of the decisions of the Conference.
The functions and responsibilities of the Executive Board are mainly defined in the Constitution and Rules of Procedure or in Directives adopted by the General Conference. These normative provisions are supplemented by resolutions of the General Conference. Once every two years, the General Conference entrusts the Executive Council with specific tasks. Other functions are determined by agreements between UNESCO and the United Nations, the specialized agencies and other intergovernmental organizations.
The General Conference elects 58 Council members. Candidates are selected, in particular, on the basis of the diversity of cultures they represent and their geographical representation. The Executive Board meets twice a year.
Chairman of the Executive Board- Ambassador of Russia to UNESCO Eleonora Mitrofanova.
The Secretariat is the executive body of the Organization. Under the leadership of the Director-General, who is elected for a term of six years, the staff of the Secretariat is responsible for the implementation of the program adopted by the Member States.
UNESCO awards international awards in their areas of competence. Among them is the Peace Prize. Felix Houphouet-Boigny and the L "Oreal-UNESCO Women and Science Award".
UNESCO also celebrates international days, years and decades, takes part in the celebration of the most important memorable dates for the Member States.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources
UNESCO— United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Founded on November 16, 1945. The headquarters is located in Paris.
Representation of the United Nations Organization for Education, Science, Culture, Information and Communication in Moscow, Moscow Office of UNESCO It was opened in 1994 and began to function fully in 1996. Until 2002, the Bureau acted as the UNESCO office in the Russian Federation. In 2002, within the framework of the policy of decentralization, the UNESCO Office in Moscow becomes a cluster Office and works to this day for: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, the Republic of Moldova and the Russian Federation.
Director: Mr Dendev Badarch
Purpose of the Organization:"To contribute to the strengthening of peace and security by expanding the cooperation of peoples in the fields of education, science and culture in the interests of ensuring universal respect for justice, law and human rights, as well as for the fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, for all peoples without distinction of race, sex, language or religion."
The UNESCO Office in Moscow actively participates in the implementation of such projects as:
- support for the reform and development of education systems in the cluster countries with a special focus on the creation of National Action Plans for Education for All and the development of education in the field of HIV/AIDS prevention. Assistance of the Russian Federation in the restoration and modernization of the education system in the Chechen Republic;
- discussions in the area of science policy reforms and culture of innovation, strengthening of biosphere territories;
- promotion of human rights and democratic principles, taking into account the situation of young people as the target group of this activity;
- supporting cultural diversity, promoting the preservation of tangible and intangible cultural heritage;
- promotion of universal access to knowledge, strengthening of democratic norms in the field of information and communication.
