Periodicals on history.

Internet project "Chronos" is a non-profit website that has existed since 2000 and was created by a private individual.

Story

The Chronos project (World History on the Internet) was launched on January 20, 2000. It was conceived as a historical project, on the pages of which all significant problems of world history would be reflected, moreover, with coverage of all the main points of view on each historical problem.

• Library,
• Historical sources,
• Biographical index,
• Subject index,
• Genealogical tables,
• Countries and states
• Religions of the world,
• Articles on historical topics,
• Teaching methods, etc.

Several electronic literary publications operate within the framework of the project:

• "Milk" . Russian literary magazine. Ch. editor Lidiya Sycheva.
• Russian life. Friendly review. Ch. editor Yuri Nechiporenko.
• Sail. Magazine of lovers of Russian literature. Ch. editor Irina Grechanik.

A number of others, some of which are electronic versions paper publications.

After 10 years of work, several thematic sites were separated from the project, connected to the base domains by a system of hyperlinks. These are the sites:

• Slavism. Forum of Slavic Cultures.
• Rumyantsev Museum (Chronos Library)
• Ethnocyclopedia.
• Apsuara.
• World War I.

The Chronos Forum is active.

In addition to publishing electronic texts (including in a special format for electronic reading devices), in addition to posting audio and video files, the portal conducts virtual presentations printed publications. It is practiced to publish tables of contents and selected chapters, allowing the reader to first understand the value of a particular book before taking steps to purchase it. This is especially important for short-circulation books published by regional publishing houses.

Project participants

• The head and editor of the project is Vyacheslav Rumyantsev.

Literature

• Petrichenko M.B. Computer in genealogical research. - M.: ROIA, 2004. - 368 p. -

Preamble

The CHRONOS library is not the most extensive of similar electronic collections, since initially I selected mainly texts that strictly corresponded to the concept of the project (as an addition to biographical materials, descriptions of events, etc.). Later, when replenishing the library, this principle had to be sacrificed, especially after several wonderful sites, famous for their collections of virtual books on historical topics, disappeared from the Internet without a trace. I still regret that I didn’t at least copy all the treasures that were there to a local disk. Just think, so much work was put into scanning and recognizing texts, proofreading them, formatting them in HTML code... And now they have sunk into oblivion. Where can I get them now?!

Now I try to copy in CHRONOS those digital books that may be of interest to the reader of the project, naturally, indicating the source of citation, as is customary to do when distributing information on the Internet. I myself have not scanned extensive texts for a long time (although well-wishers historians sometimes bring paper books and offer me to scan and post on the website), time and effort are spent on other types of work that more effectively improve the quality of CHRONOS - on replenishing the reference part of the project: The historical encyclopedia of CHRONOS, biographical index, descriptions of events, etc. Therefore, every reader who would like to join eternity, leave a mark in the global virtual space, has this opportunity: send the historical texts you have prepared, we will post them in CHRONOS (in the subject line of the letter make a note libris). Over the decade of the existence of CHRONOS, many of my co-authors have already prepared and sent a number of books of historical value. I believe that I express gratitude to them not only on my own behalf, but also on behalf of thousands of readers and visitors to the project.

Below I offer you a number of historical publications in in electronic format(in a separate section there is also works of art), as well as lists of recommended literature (mostly paper for now) on various periods of history (there is also one on pedagogy and teaching methods). Read, enjoy and restore the undermined last decade historical memory a people of which - I hope - you are a part.

The historical portal contains materials related to Russian and world history. Its daily attendance is more than ten thousand people.

Story

The Chronos project (World History on the Internet) was launched on January 20, 2000. It was conceived as a historical project, on the pages of which all significant problems of world history would be reflected, and with coverage of all the main points of view on each historical problem.

• Library,
• Historical sources,
• Biographical index,
• Subject index,
• Genealogical tables,
• Countries and states
• Religions of the world,
• Articles on historical topics,
• Teaching methods, etc.

Several electronic literary publications operate within the framework of the project:

• "Milk" . Russian literary magazine. Ch. editor Lidiya Sycheva.
• Russian life. Friendly review. Ch. editor Yuri Nechiporenko.
• Sail. Magazine of lovers of Russian literature. Ch. editor Irina Grechanik.
• Priokskie dawns. Ch. editor Alexey Yashin

A number of others, some of which are electronic versions of paper publications.

After 10 years of work, several thematic sites were separated from the project, connected to the base domains by a system of hyperlinks. These are the sites:

The Chronos Forum is active.

In addition to publishing electronic texts (including in a special format for electronic reading devices), as well as posting audio and video files, the portal conducts virtual presentations of printed publications. It is practiced to publish tables of contents and selected chapters, which allows the reader to first understand the value of a particular book before taking steps to purchase it. This is especially important for short-circulation books published by regional publishing houses.

Project participants

Other facts

On June 19, 2009, the Internet resource was closed without trial at the request of the St. Petersburg Main Internal Affairs Directorate (Department “K” of the Main Internal Affairs Directorate of St. high technology) for publishing a summary of the book “Mein Kampf” by Adolf Hitler. According to the founder of the site and its editor-in-chief Vyacheslav Rumyantsev, the real reason closure was criticism of the Governor of St. Petersburg Valentina Matvienko, which was cited in an article published on June 16 on the website regarding the governor’s decision to reduce benefits to blockade survivors. On this occasion, a group of British scientists expressed their protest to the Russian authorities, including historian, specialist in Russian history Orlando Figes (English Orlando Figes) and poet, translator from Russian and other languages ​​Robert Chandler (English Robert Chandler). Soon the site was up and running again, and access to Hitler's book was closed.

Notes

1. Global site ranking Chronos(English) . Alexa Internet. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
2. The largest historical portal was closed for criticizing Matvienko? (undefined) . New Region– Culture (07/14/2009). Retrieved May 18, 2013.
3. Luke Harding. Scientists protest against the closure of a historical site by Russian authorities (undefined) . Inopressa (July 14, 2009). Retrieved May 18, 2013. Archived May 21, 2013.
4. The Guardian: Chronos was closed after an article criticizing Matvienko (undefined) . Rosbalt (July 14, 2009). Retrieved May 18, 2013. Archived May 21, 2013.
5. SLAVY (undefined) . sklaviny.ru. Retrieved June 17, 2016.

Vasily Grigorievich Vasilievsky

Vasilievsky Vasily Grigorievich (21.I(2.II).1838 - 13(25).V.1899) - Russian historian. One of the most prominent representatives of the Russian bourgeois-noble Byzantine studies. Since 1876 - corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences, since 1890 - academician. The son of a village priest. He graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University (the first three courses - in 1856-1859 - at the Main Pedagogical Institute). In 1862 he was sent abroad, then taught history at the Vilna gymnasium. Since 1870, after defending his master's thesis (“ Political reform and social movement in Ancient Greece during the period of its decline,” 1869) taught a course on the history of the Middle Ages at St. Petersburg University, and then at the Higher Women’s Courses and other educational institutions in St. Petersburg. Vasilievsky was the first of the medievalists of the 19th century to begin to widely and fruitfully draw on Byzantine material to solve a number of complex issues of medieval history, especially the period crusades(“Byzantium and the Pechenegs (1048-1097)”, 1872; “From the history of Byzantium in the 12th century”, 1876-1877, etc.). Subtle observation and great critical instinct made it possible for Vasilievsky to read in sources what others had ignored, and in connection with this to come to conclusions that were in many ways different from the ideas about the beginning of the Crusades that were then dominant in European historiography. Even more significant were the results of Vasilievsky’s work in the field of studying Russian-Byzantine relations. His studies such as “Varangian-Russian and Varangian-English squads in Constantinople in the 11th and 12th centuries,” 1874-75, “Russian-Byzantine excerpts,” 1875-1878, “Russian-Byzantine studies,” 1893, forced him to abandon a number of traditional ideas about ancient period Russian history. They, in particular, provided material to refute the so-called Norman theory of the origin of the Russian state (although Vasilievsky himself took an inconsistent position on this issue). Vasilievsky was also one of the first researchers of Bulgarian-Byzantine relations (review of the essay F. I. Uspensky: "Education of the second Bulgarian kingdom", 1879; “Renewal of the Bulgarian Patriarchate under Tsar John Asen II in 1235,” 1885; "Advice and stories of a Byzantine boyar of the 11th century.", 1881). Vasilievsky undoubtedly has priority in the study of many the most difficult problems internal history Byzantium, especially associated with its agrarian system. He convincingly proved the significant spread of a free peasant community in the Byzantine village of the 8th-9th centuries and correctly connected this phenomenon with the colonization of the territory of the Balkan Peninsula by the Slavs in the 7th century (“Legislation of the Iconoclasts”, 1878; “On the synodal list of the Eclogues of the Emperors Leo and Constantine and on two lists Agricultural Law", 1879). Comparing agrarian relations in Byzantium with Western European and Russian ones, Vasilievsky revealed in a completely new way the meaning of such Byzantine institutions as pronia, charistic and others, essentially proving the feudal nature of the agrarian system Byzantium("Materials for the internal history of the Byzantine state", 1879-80). But the idealistic methodology (Vasilievsky is a positivist, a supporter of the theory of factors) and the political sympathies of the author (he belonged to the conservative wing of the Russian professoriate) led to the fact that he considered agrarian history in isolation from the class struggle. There is not even a mention of the uprising in his works Thomas the Slav, neither about the Paulician movement, nor about the peasant uprisings of the 10th-11th centuries. Ignoring class character state power, believing that “the power of the monarch is the common good of all,” Vasilievsky idealized the agrarian legislation of the emperors of the Macedonian dynasty, arguing that it was supposedly aimed at protecting the “lesser brethren” - small peasant landownership (1st article of “Materials for Internal History. .."). Vasilievsky, like all bourgeois historians, was far from the correct understanding of feudalism as a special socio-economic formation, reducing it to a certain set of purely legal categories. But in the analysis of the socio-legal side of the Byzantine agrarian system and many features tax system empire, his merits are undeniable. Much attention Vasilievsky devoted his research to Byzantine hagiography (the lives of saints); in the hagiographic monuments he discovered a lot of valuable information on culture and life, often complementing the short and dry news of the chronicles (Vasilievsky published, translated and commented on many texts: “One of the Greek collections of the Moscow Synodal Library (concluding the lives of Meletius of Miupol and Meletius the New)", 1886 ; “The Tale of Epiphanius and the Places in It,” 1886; “The Life of St. Stephen of Sourozh,” 1889; “The Life and Works of Simeon Metaphrastus,” 1880, etc.). Vasilievsky was the initiator of the creation of the Byzantine Temporary Book (1894) and one of its editors.

Z. V. Udaltsova. Moscow.

Soviet historical encyclopedia. In 16 volumes. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1973-1982. Volume 2. BAAL - WASHINGTON. 1962.

Read further:

Historians (biographical reference book).

Byzantium (brief information).