Sailing. Water sports: what are they and how are they useful? What is the sport of sailing called?
Sailing is a competition where participants compete against each other in a race on specially equipped boats. This type of competition is also called “yachting”.
The first official international union uniting sailing professionals was founded in 1907. Currently, the organization has 115 national federations, which includes athletes from all over the world. The most popular type of competition, known to people far from sailing, is the regatta.
This is the name given to a race, usually a traditional one, which consists of several competitions for boats of different classes. Holding regattas has its own traditions. This is due to the fact that many races go back decades.
The most popular regattas in the world:
- Baltic. Conducted since 1946. The first start was given in Leningrad.
- The Vendee Globe is the only round-the-world regatta that does not include intermediate stops.
- Volvo Ocean Race is a race around the world. Only Volvo Ocean class yachts are allowed to participate. Conducted since 1973. Until 2006, the race was organized every 4 years. But due to increased spectator, and subsequently sponsorship, interest, the period between competitions was reduced to 3 years.
- Fastnet – international competitions. Frequency: once every 2 years. The route remains unchanged: Isle of Wight - Plymouth, with calls at the ports of Land's End, Southern Ireland, and the Isles of Scilly. The competition has been held since 1925. The first race had only seven participants, of which only four reached the finish line. 347 crews competed in the last regatta – an absolute record.
- America's Cup. This is the oldest competition in the world that has survived to this day. The starting swim dates back to 1857. The race got its name in honor of the very first winner – the yacht “America”. In total, the regatta has 35 draws (the last one is planned for 2017). The small number of competitions is due to the twenty-year break that occurred after the end of World War II.
What types of yachts are there?
Each sports competition sets its own requirements for the design features of sailing boats. In total, there are seven criteria (types) of yachts, according to which the organizers decide whether to place a crew in a particular race.
- Monotype. This is a criterion according to which the boat must comply with regulated overall dimensions and its design must meet accepted standards.
- Maxi yachts are a class of competition where athletes whose boat is at least 30 meters in length are accepted to participate.
- Measuring formula. Here, several parameters are taken into account - length, displacement, sail area - according to which the crew is allowed to participate. The boat must meet every set parameter.
- Cruisers and dinghies. Only boats of appropriate designs can take part. Sometimes competitions are divided into swims for cruisers and dinghies separately.
- Monohull yacht race.
- Catamaran swim.
- Trimaran competition.
Crew composition
It is logical that speed is the main key to winning races. Therefore, it is important that during competitions there is nothing foreign on the boat - pragmatism raised to the absolute. They take on board only what can really be useful during the swim. The same applies to people. All athletes must mind their own business. Every situation is brought to automaticity.
Every regatta has rules. The following types of races are divided according to the composition of participants:
- Singles. The sailboat is operated by one person.
- Team. The yacht is controlled by several athletes - from 2 to 40 (the number depends on the type of vessel).
- Age – athletes who have reached a certain age are allowed to participate in the races.
- By gender. Some competitions allow mixed teams (with men and women), others practice gender division.
Sailing facts
Sailing is not very popular. This has led to the formation of several false myths around this competition that have nothing to do with the real state of affairs. So, they think that to practice sailing you need to be tall and have a strong physique. This is mistake. Natural data plays a minor role. There are many types and types of yachts that are suitable for people with short stature. But relatively good physical fitness is true. It will never hurt, and sometimes will be an aid when sailing a sailboat.
Typically, technology leads to the fact that modern models are a priori more efficient than their predecessors. Sailing is different. After all, some yachts of the late 19th century were faster than their modern counterparts.
Shipbuilding is an art that cannot be replaced by computerized processes. But the design of modern yachts facilitates continued movement in a headwind, which cannot be said about older boat models.
Another funny legend says that athletes eat only raw fish during the regatta. No. Food is stored in advance, on land. The only thing that limits yachtsmen is weight. In order for the ship to move as quickly as possible, it must not be overloaded. Therefore, many products are loaded onto the boat in freeze-dried form.
And lastly, yachting is the path of professionals. But this is if we are talking about competitions. At the amateur level, for cruising swims from port to port, mastering the basics of navigation is possible in 17 days.
Thanks to the vast territory on which the Russian Federation is located, the country's population has an excellent opportunity to develop all possible sports. Climbers improve their skills thanks to the Urals, Yakutia, Astrakhan and other formidable heights. The presence of a large number of rivers and seas allows you to master various types of rowing, surfing, sailing and others. The last category will be discussed in this article.
Dutch origins
Sailing has a long history of existence. Its development began from the birth of shipping and shipbuilding. Even six thousand years ago, when the best way of transportation was sea and river routes, the role of the sail was already great. As ships entered the open ocean, its importance only intensified.
Initially, sailing began to develop in those countries whose population, due to the geographical location of the area, moved from one settlement to another mainly by water. The first state on whose territory yachting originated was Holland. After some time, the British adopted this sport. In the seventeenth century, sailing races were held for the first time in history. After some time, the first yacht clubs appeared in Europe. Several centuries later, sailing gained popularity in America. And then he migrated to Russia. The origin of the word "yacht" is Dutch. Translated from the national language of the country and the tulips, it means “motor, sail-motor, or simply a sailing vehicle for moving on water.” This word has taken root well in many other states.
Innovations of Peter I
Sailing in Russia has a three-hundred-year history of development. The initiator of the promotion of this type of activity is the reformer and innovator Peter I. As you know, the Tsar of All Rus' loved all sorts of innovations and innovations. So, in the eighteenth century, traveling through the territory of Holland, Peter I noticed that on weekends and holidays a huge number of people had fun by going to sea on small ships with a sail. Upon returning to St. Petersburg he builds. There he forms a fleet and lays the foundation for naval shipbuilding. 1718 is rightfully considered the year of the appearance of the first sailing club. It was under the command of the Nevsky Fleet, consisting of one hundred and forty yachts. The children of nobles were forced to study yachting. They studied seamanship, sailed, participated in various competitions, etc.
Forgotten and reborn
After the death of the emperor, the Nevsky Fleet, created under pressure, was disbanded. From that time until the mid-nineteenth century, sailing in Russia was in an embryonic state and did not develop in any way. In 1846, he decided to revive yachting and issued a decree on the creation of the St. Petersburg yacht club. The first competitions were held a year later. The location of the event was the Gulf of Finland. 7 yachts of various types and displacements took to the twelve-kilometer-long route. Each ship was crewed by members of the Baltic Fleet. The weight of the smallest yacht was 51 tons, and the largest - 257. The Varyag won this competition.
Growing popularity
Since then, such competitions have been held several times a year. At the end of the nineteenth century, many yacht clubs were officially registered throughout the country. At that time their number exceeded a hundred. Moscow, Warsaw, St. Petersburg, Kyiv and many other populated centers enthusiastically developed sailing. Photos of competitions and training sessions, as well as various articles on this topic were published by many yacht clubs. Periodicals were published monthly and were wildly popular among fans of this sport.
Participation in international competitions
In the spring of 1912, a significant event occurred. It was then that the Russian Sailing Racing Union was created. Its first members were selected yacht clubs of St. Petersburg. A few weeks later, this organization was accepted into the International Sailing Union. This membership allowed Russian yachtsmen to take part in the fifth Olympics, held in Stockholm. One of the five Russian teams won a bronze medal at the competition.
Troubled times
The First World War and the October Revolution that followed became a kind of stopper in the development of yachting skills. Many club members went abroad, leaving their boats to the people. Those were nationalized and used to patrol coastal areas. A special Marine detachment appeared. There, volunteers studied navigation, maritime practice, signaling, etc. It is worth noting that the Marine Detachment is the first sailing school on the territory of the Soviet Union. In turbulent wartime, to strengthen the military power of yachts, machine guns were installed on their decks, and the crew was armed with rifles and shotguns. Thanks to the coordinated actions of the members of the Naval Detachment, many English attacks were repelled. The crews of some ships were cabin boys of the Baltic and other fleets. Thanks to excellent training methods, the Marine Crew of the Petrograd District, created in 1921, successfully “forged” personnel for the Red Army. In addition, the departments of the institution held various competitions, water festivals and other events.
"Iron curtain"
Yachtsmen provided enormous assistance during the Great Patriotic War. After its completion, USSR athletes did not have the opportunity to participate in international competitions. Because of the Iron Curtain, the presence of Soviet Union yacht teams at European competitions was also undesirable. However, this in no way prevented athletes from honing their skills on the waters of their native country. Onega, Ladoga, Beloe and other lakes, as well as the seas of Russia, made it possible not only to train, but also to hold various competitions.
With the change in the political system in the country, the attitude of other states towards it also changed. Gradually, sailing representatives from Russia became known abroad. Currently, at almost every international competition you can meet our team, whose coach is the master of sports Sergei Nikolaevich Vanin.
Current state of affairs
The beginning of the twentieth century was marked by the emergence of the first international sailing union. The organization existed under this name until 1996. It then became known as the International Sailing Federation. Over two years of intense activity, this institution united under its wing more than a hundred small similar departments located in various countries.
Currently, sailing is a sporting activity in which participants compete with each other using various equipment. This includes ships and boats, special sleds that move on snow and ice, and carts that can move on hard surfaces. All these means have one thing in common - a sail. Today, the type of activity in question is widespread throughout the world. A huge number of competitions take place every now and then in different parts of the world.
Winter kiting
There are several types of sailing. Yal racing (single yachts), regattas, kiting, winter windsurfing, etc. are held in more than fifty countries around the world. The opinion that the best time of year for sailing is the warm season is wrong. The time of frost and snowfall also favors kiting and windsurfing. The first category is the most progressive winter sailing today. For kiting you need a kite. Its second name is “kite”. It has different sizes, which allows you to “catch” winds of varying strengths. It is worth noting that kiting is all-season. Only the equipment changes depending on the weather. On snow it’s skis and snowboarding. Skates will be the best help on ice; surfboards or twin-tip boards are used on water, and rollerblades, buggies and mountainboards are used on land.
Snowkiting is very popular in Russia. Anyone can try their hand at this sport. It doesn’t matter a person’s weight, build, or age. Compared to other types of sailing, kite equipment is not very expensive.
Today, the Presidium of the All-Russian Sailing Federation was held in the building of the Russian Olympic Committee.
There were many issues on the agenda, but one of them stood out as particularly important. We were talking about the Olympic sailing program for the 2024 Olympic Games.
Here's the background.
The 2020 Olympic Games are just around the corner; this year the fight for Olympic licenses will begin, which means it is extremely important for the athletes currently competing.
But, of course, it is even more important for the athletes who will compete after 2020, and for sailing in general, at least in its Olympic part.
It is in 2018 that it will be determined which path the Olympic sail will take, what its Olympic program will be, and which classes will receive Olympic status. Big changes are ahead of us...
Here is what the General Secretary of the WSSF, an international judge/ampire, a member of the international jury at four Olympic Games, a member of the World Sailing Council, a translator and editor of WS rules and regulations and a great expert on the politics of international sailing, had to say on this topic Oleg Alekseevich Ilyin.
2018 will certainly go down in history. After all, the International Federation (World Sailing) the Olympic program is yet to be officially approved, which will mark a new era for sailing.
The Olympic Games are held by the International Olympic Committee, and the IOC defines its line regarding what it wants the Games to be like quite clearly. This is a course for young people, a course for continuing the commercialization of sports - we need to earn money so that the world Olympic sport continues to live. The IOC does not hide these positions and exerts unobtrusive pressure on international sports federations.
A clear indicator of the line of the International Olympic Committee is the upcoming Youth Olympic Games this fall, which, just like the “big” Olympic Games, are being held by it. This time, the IOC itself, without even consulting with international federations, determined the Olympic program for young yachtsmen. In sailing in Argentina, five sets of awards will be played. First of all, this is a kite, which the IOC has been talking about for a long time and is quite definitely insisting that this type be included in the program of the Olympic Games. This is windsurfing. This is the Nakra 15 catamaran. Having formed such a program for the 2018 Youth Olympic Games, the IOC has fully revealed its cards and preferences.
...What do we currently have in the Olympic program? A quota of 350 athletes and 10 sets of medals/disciplines/events (double skiff for men and women, windsurfing for men and women, double dinghy for men and women, single dinghy for men and women, single heavy weight dinghy for men and mixed category multihull). It is clear that this program is significantly different from the one that the IOC would like to see...
The International Sailing Federation must follow the course of the IOC, and whether we like it or not, the program of the Olympic Games for 2024 will be changed.
The first milestone on this path of change was in May 2018, when at the mid-year meetingWorld Sailing Olympic program numbers will be selected. The numbers of the Olympic program (events) should not be confused with the equipment used in their drawing, that is, classes. Let us recall that at the 2016 Games in Rio de Janeiro the Olympic classes were 470, Laser, Laser-radial, Finn, 49th, 49thFX, R.S.: Xand Nakra 17 mixed.
...So, on what basis will the Olympic program for 2024 be formed? There are several restrictions here, and whether we like it or not, we will have to take them into account when choosing events for the Olympic program.
First, the International Olympic Committee insists on equal representation of men and women.
Secondly, at least two (or even four) numbers of the Olympic program must be played in mixed doubles. At the moment the mixed is Nakra 17.
Third, and this is very important, at least four existing program and equipment numbers must be reviewed and possibly replaced.
Taking all this into account, it is safe to say that very important decisions will be made in 2018 regarding the future of sailing at the Olympic Games. In fact, these solutions can be called revolutionary.
...How will decisions be made on the Olympic program for the next Olympic cycle? Preliminary work is currently underway and will be revealed at the mid-year meeting in May.
Sports Program CommitteeWorld Sailing, which prepares recommendations on this issue for the CouncilW.S., voted.
During the voting, the “for” vote meant that the fate of this Olympic event needed to be discussed, so to speak. If a program type receives more than 50% of the votes, it will automatically be discussed. The task was to select at least four events from the current Olympic program that should be reviewed/changed.
So, men's and women's windsurfing (now this is a classR.S.: X) received 12 votes each, the men's single heavy weight dinghy (Finn) received 12 votes, the men's and women's double dinghies (470) each received 11 votes. Of course, these types of programs have not yet been excluded from the Olympic program, but this is a big, big question mark...
The remaining classes (men's and women's single dinghies, men's and women's double skiffs and mixed multihull) received less than half the votes, which means that there are no questions here yet.
These results were received by the CouncilW.S., who in turn supported this decision.
However, I repeat, the final decision on the program of the 2024 Olympic Games will be made in May at the mid-year meeting. Then the numbers of the Games program will become known.
And in August, the IOC Executive Committee will approve the program for the 2024 Olympic Games.
This applies to Olympic events, but not to the names of the equipment that will be used during their competition.
We will find out the answer to this question in November 2018, when specific classes of equipment will be determined for a specific program number.
...Let's go back to today. On the one hand, there is an impregnable fortress in the person of the IOC and a more understanding, but dependent on the IOC,World Sailing; on the other hand, there are national sailing federations and associations of international Olympic classes.
It is clear that every Olympic class association dreams of remaining in the Olympic program. Their conservatism is quite understandable and they, of course, will oppose the replacement of classes. But there are also associations of non-Olympic classes that are not averse to taking places in the Olympic program.
What about national federations? The common desire and common interest of almost all national federations is to leave everything as it is. There are several reasons for this conservatism. Firstly, most national federations are not rich, and “opening” a new class, purchasing new boats, raising new athletes who will be able to perform in the new class at the level of the Olympic Games is very expensive. Secondly, we must not forget about the training methodology, about existing developments, which, very likely, will have to be radically revised. A fairly coherent program has been formed in the world for the promotion of athletes from children's classes to youth classes and beyond, what will happen to it now no one knows.
...Result of voting at the May mid-annual meetingWorld Sailingimpossible to predict. It is unclear how the vote will be structured, how this vote will be approached, and what “blocs” will be formed between national federations.
There is an opinion that there is also an option in which the Olympic program for 2024 will remain unchanged, but, alas, we must forget about this. If the CouncilWorld Sailingdecided on the need to replace four types of the Olympic program, there was nowhere to go. The upcoming changes will inevitably affect both the list of Olympic events and the list of classes in which they will be played.
So, these days, national federations are beginning to voice their opinions on changes to the Olympic program.
Having carefully discussed the proposals of the coaching council of the Russian national team, the Presidium made the following proposal for the Olympic program: single dinghy (men and women), sailing board (men and women), kite (men and women), double skiff (men and women), multihull (mixed), match racing (mixed).
The Olympic races involve 9 classes of boats, the races take place along a triangular Olympic course, the length of which is determined in accordance with ocean currents, prevailing wind directions, weather conditions and the number of competing boats.
One of the first regattas in the history of mankind (gondolier competitions) took place in 1740 in Venice. In Russia, the first sailing competitions were held in the era of Peter the Great.
OLYMPIC GAMES
Sailing competitions first appeared at the 1900 Olympic Games in Paris and have since been included in the program of every subsequent Games (except 1904 in St. Louis). Until 1988, men and women took part in them on equal terms. The most titled yachtsman in the world is the only four-time Olympic champion Paul Elvström from Denmark. In addition, he is a 13-time world champion and 4-time European champion.
RUSSIA
Russian yachtsmen first took part in the Third Olympic Games in 1912 in Stockholm, where they won bronze medals. Since 1952, the national team of the USSR and then Russia (since 1992) regularly participates in the Olympics. At the Olympic Games in Rome (1960), Soviet riders won gold medals in the Star class and a silver medal in the Finn class. In total, Russian Olympic yachtsmen won 28 medals, of which 7 were of the highest rank
Photo - Sergey Kivrin and Andrey Golovanov
In the sailing competitions of the Olympic Games, ten sets of medals are played out, of which men participate in six program numbers, and women participate in four. The format of the Olympic regatta includes a preliminary stage consisting of 10 races in the “fleet racing” discipline. The exception is keel yachts in triples, where a medal is awarded in the “women’s match race” discipline. Based on the results of the first stage (after the elimination of the worst race), the ten best crews in each class are selected to participate in the final medal race. The winners and prize-winners of the Olympics are determined directly at the finish of such a medal race.
Competitions are held at new Olympic distances with durations from 30 to 75 minutes. The duration of medal races is from 20 to 30 minutes. Standard races consist of tacking upwind and full courses (downwind). The finishes of the medal races are as close as possible to the spectator stands.
In the 16th century. The word "jaght" (probably derived from "jagen" - "to drive", "to pursue") was first noted in the Dutch-Latin dictionary of 1599.
Sailing characteristics
Sailing is originally a water sport, where competitions are held on ships or sports equipment (for example, boards) that move under the force of the wind. Such vessels are called yachts. But sailing can now be practiced not only on the water in summer, but also on ice in winter. Sailing competitions are held in winter using equipment mounted on skates or skis. Such yachts are called boats. Competitions of wheeled and beach (sand) yachts take place on land.
The design of yachts and the aerodynamic shape of the sails, the design of the sailing rig, enable yachts to move not only in the direction of the wind, but also at an angle to it. Modern yachts allow you to sail at an acute angle to the direction of the wind. Thanks to this, changing tacks (making turns), the yacht can move against the wind, as if on a ladder (tacking).
Competition format
Sailing competitions are held for speed - who will cover the established distance the fastest among the yachts. All yachts in the same group start at the same time. At the same time, they do not start from a place, but can maneuver as they wish, but until the moment of start they must not cross the line between the two starting buoys. After the signal “Start is open”, yachts can cross the starting line and move along the established distance to the finish.
The distance consists of several buoys that must be passed in a certain sequence, going around each buoy from a certain side, as indicated by the organizers of the competition. The winner is the one who passes all the buoys in the correct sequence and on the correct side and reaches the finish line faster than others. For competitions of yachts with different speed characteristics, a handicap is sometimes introduced - a set of individual coefficients for the yacht and a formula that is used to recalculate the time it took the yacht to cover the distance.
Chess on the water
The intrigue of sailing races lies not only in the technique of steering a yacht to maintain maximum speed, but also in the fact that for a yacht the direct path from one buoy to another is not always the fastest (and for heading to the next mark against the wind this is generally impossible), at a distance There may be different currents, the speed and direction of the wind also changes over the distance. In addition, the speed of the yacht changes depending on the angle at which it goes to the direction of the wind. Therefore, this is not just a competition for speed, but for the ability to see, anticipate and correctly use currents and changes in the direction and strength of the wind over a distance, and also to optimally plot a course so that the lengthening of the distance due to the indirect path from sign to sign can be more than compensated faster speed of the yacht due to a different angle of the yacht to the wind.
That’s why sailing is often called “chess on the water.”
First competitions
The first sailing races were organized between English ships - “tea clippers”. Tea was then transported from India to England. The ship that arrived in England first could sell the tea it brought at the highest price.
Later it turned into official competitions.
Classification of sport yachts
Sailing competitions usually take place in yachts of the same design and consist of one or a series of races, collectively called a regatta. For each race, each boat ranks somewhere, and that boat is assigned a number of points according to its place in the race. The winner of the regatta is the one who scores the best number of points based on the results of the races that make up the regatta.
Competition yachts are usually built to a single design and to clearly defined rules – the “class rules”. Such yachts are combined into one class.
However, yachts in each class can still be different from each other and configured differently. On yachts you can change the tilt and bend of the mast, the aerodynamic shape of the sail, the angle of the sail to the yacht and to the wind, the tilt of the yacht and a number of other parameters. The material and cut of the sail may also differ. The speed of a yacht very much depends on the settings, control techniques and the quality of the crew. Each crew customizes their yacht to suit their weight, height and steering style, as well as to specific wave conditions, wind strength and the yacht's heading.
For large yachts, it is not always possible to build all the yachts strictly according to the same rules, and then each yacht is measured according to a set of parameters and then, using a special formula, special coefficients are calculated, with the help of which the time for the yacht to cover the distance is recalculated and only then the recalculated times for all participating yachts are compared . Such competitions are called “handicap racing”.
Sailing competitions around the world
The most prestigious sailing competition among large yachts is the America's Cup competition. At these competitions, technologies and large syndicates compete, and the winner of the Cup determines the class of yachts for the next Cup cycle. As a result of scientific, technical and technological research during the America's Cup racing, many new technologies and materials have emerged that are now successfully used in aerospace and other industries.
Russian and Soviet Olympic winners and medalists (helmswomen): Esper Beloselsky-Belozersky, Joseph Shomaker, Timir Pinegin, Alexander Chuchelov, Valentin Mankin, Boris Budnikov, Viktor Potapov, Andrey Balashov, Georgy Shaiduko, Stefania Elfutina.
In the history of the USSR and Russia, Russian athletes have won many medals at World, European, and World Cups. At the 2016 Olympic Games Stefania Elfutina won a bronze medal in the RS-X Sailboard class in the women's category.
Yachting
In addition to Sailing itself, there is an even broader concept - Yachting, which can be described as sailing tourism, since in most cases it no longer has a directly competitive component, but is more related to leisure.
Yachting involves a wide range of actions: choosing a vessel (purchasing it as a property or renting it), determining the yacht direction and route, leisure time associated with the yacht (swimming in the sea, diving, water skiing, fishing, etc.), desirable, but boating skills are not required. For tourism purposes, it is possible to engage in yachting as a crew member or a renter of a vessel.
There is a large list of yachting destinations, each of which is characterized by its own nuances, for example, climatic features, attractions, routes, number of marinas, etc.
Yachting is possible on all types of yachts: sailing, motor, gulets, sail-motor catamarans.
By venue yachting can be divided into:
People involved in yachting to one degree or another are called yachtsmen. Unlike many other sports, in sailing there is not such a strong dependence on the natural abilities of the athlete. And the dependence on weight and height is not strong, and at the same time you can always choose the class of yachts that is suitable for yourself (according to height and weight). According to the level of qualification of yachtsmen, yachting can be divided into professional And amateur. Professional yachting is carried out by yachtsmen who have a certain level of qualifications confirmed by certificates - or experience in participating in various yachting competitions and regattas. English certificates of the Royal Yachting Association (RYA) or certificates of the International Yacht Training (IYT) are widely quoted. In Europe, the official document that some charter companies may be asked to demonstrate is the ICC (International Certificate of Competence). Russian certificates (even yacht captain's certificates) do not yet have international legal force. The closest internationally recognized yachting school to the Russian borders is located in Turkey, in Marmaris.
Amateur yachting (as opposed to professional yachting) implies minimal experience of sailing on yachts; The purpose of amateur yachting is leisure or tourism.
In cruising events (including solo round-the-world races), women perform on an equal basis with men, and quite decently.
Video on the topic
Fighting on ice boats in the USSR
In the 20th century, iceboats were used during the military operations of 1941 - 1944 on Ladoga and the Baltic with great success. It was on them that before the construction of the highway, besieged Leningrad was supplied and its inhabitants were evacuated, and subsequently they were actively used in servicing the Road of Life. The combat use of the boats was supervised by masters of sports I.P. Matveev and N.M. Ermakov.
From the history of yacht clubs
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- In 1718, the Nevsky Fleet was established in St. Petersburg, which represented the prototype of the future yacht club.
- In 1720, the Cork Harbor Water Club (Royal Cork Yacht Club) was founded in Ireland. He is considered the first in history self-named yacht club. Over time, yacht clubs spread throughout Europe.
- The London Yacht Club was founded at the end of 1813.
- In 1830, the Royal Swedish Yachting League (Kungliga Svenska Segelsällskabet, KSSS) was founded. In the same year, the Royal Yacht Squadron was created in England.
- In 1851, the American Yacht Club of New York was founded. For the past century and a half, the New York Yacht Club has been hosting the annual America's Cup regatta.
- On July 1, 1868, on the initiative of the British Royal Victoria Yacht Club, an international congress was convened to develop fundamental standards for yacht racing.
- In November 1875, the Yacht Racing Association was founded in Great Britain.
- The Royal Yacht Club was founded in Barcelona in 1876. Real Club Nautico de Barcelona(RCNB) is the oldest yacht club in Spain.
- In 1886, the first Adriatic yacht club was founded in the Croatian city of Opatija.
- The first International Sailing Union was founded in 1907: since 1996 it has changed its name to the International Sailing Federation. By 1998, this organization united about 115 national federations.
- Developed in 1911, the yacht “Zvezdny” participated in the Olympics from 1932 to 2012.
- In 1953, the Yacht Racing Association (YRA) became the Royal Yachting Association (RYA).
- On July 28, 1991, the Hanseatic Yacht Regatta (based in the waters of Rostock) was held for the first time in the Baltic Sea. Named after the medieval trading confederation of the Hanseatic League.
Outstanding yachtsmen
see also
Notes
Literature
- Barinov M. M. Song about the sail / Design by artist V. T. Davydov. - M.: Physical culture and sport, 1962. - 136 p. - 25,000 copies.
- Batyushkov Yu.N., Lipsky M.P."Sails over the Bay" - M.: "Soviet Russia", 1961. - 79 p. - 6000 copies.