Rest on the psekups river. Psekups River: source, mouth, settlements, tributaries
This term has other meanings, see Psekups (meanings).
Psekups | |
---|---|
Characteristic | |
Length | 146 km |
Pool area | 1430 km² |
Water consumption | 20 m³/s |
Watercourse | |
Source | northeastern slope of Mount Lysoy |
Estuary | Kuban |
Location | |
Flows through the territory | Krasnodar region |
Psekups- a river in the Krasnodar region of Russia, a left tributary of the Kuban River. Length 146 km, basin area 1430 km2. In the valley of P. there is the resort town of Goryachiy Klyuch.
Flow
It originates on the northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus, on the northeastern slopes of Mount Lysaya (height 974 m). Collects water from an area of 1430 square meters. km and, having traveled 146 km, flows from the left into the Kuban River (into the Krasnodar Reservoir), opposite the eastern outskirts of Krasnodar.
The Psekups Valley in the mountainous part of the basin is quite narrow and covered with dense forests. The river current is fast. Before reaching the city of Goryachiy Klyuch, in a number of places the river valley widens, forming clearings. Having broken through the Wolf Gate between the cuesta ridges of Kotkh and Pshaf, Psekups expands its valley and flows smoothly, leisurely past low hills covered with oak forest and tobacco plantations.
In its lower reaches it flows along a plain in low, partially embanked banks.
Psekups receives numerous left-bank and right-bank tributaries in the form of small mountain rivers. Its most significant tributaries are the Chepsi and Kaverze rivers.
Settlements
- Psekups
Hydrology
The Psekups River is fed mainly by precipitation and groundwater (mixed, with a predominance of rain). Its regime is flood. Water levels in the river and its flow rates vary greatly throughout the year (average water flow is about 20 m3/sec, the highest is about 1000 m3/sec). The ice cover (freeze-up) of Psekups is unstable and short-lived. In other warm years, there is no freeze-up at all, but the usual average duration is 1 - 2 months (sometimes about 20 days).
The water of the Psekupsa River near the outlets of sulfurous springs has a characteristic muddy green color and odor for some distance, due to its enrichment with hydrogen sulfide and the precipitation of sulfur. The surroundings of Goryachiy Klyuch are exceptionally picturesque.
The river is raftable.
Expedition "Psekups-88"
Wikimedia Foundation.
2010.
See what “Psekups (river)” is in other dictionaries:
Psekups In the city of Goryachiy Klyuch. Rock Cockerel. Characteristics Length ... Wikipedia - a river that flows through the territories of the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea; It originates on the northwestern slopes of Lysoy (976m) and flows into the Krasnodar reservoir in the area of the village of Novo Vochepshy. In local history literature, the hydronym is translated as... ...
Toponymic Dictionary of the Caucasus River in the Krasnodar Territory of the RSFSR, left tributary of the river. Kuban. Length 146 km, basin area 1430 km2. It originates on the northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus. In its lower reaches it flows along a plain in low, partially embanked banks. Nutrition… …
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Every year for the past 20 years I have been going on vacation to the quiet resort town of Goryachiy Klyuch, in the Krasnodar Territory. And what about 50 km from the sea, mountains, all sorts of sanatoriums and markets, lakes and rivers, paid ponds (I’m an avid fisherman) everything is nearby and there is no crowd of people as it happens in Dzhubga, Anapa and other coastal cities. So I’ll tell you about my fishing on the Psekups River, which translated from Adyghe means clear water or blue water, I heard 2 options, I don’t know which one is correct.
You can fish on Psekups everywhere, if you are a skilled enough fisherman, you won’t be left without a catch, but there are especially good places further from the mountains, where the river becomes wider and full-flowing. My most memorable fishing happened near the village. Molkino, there the Psekups is wide and deep, reaching up to 6 m, but I just measured this myself, and it may be deeper there. We gathered to go fishing there. As usual, early in the morning, I, my brother Andrei, my father and his long-term friend Vladimir Vasilyevich (with whom they have been playing chess for about 40 years with varying success), well, naturally, we prepared ahead of time with complementary food, bait, repaired the gear and set off, the day was very hot even there was no coolness in the morning, we took a lot of water, while we found a place (everyone searched as best they could), I personally looked for a tree to have one, because the higher the sun rose, the more I wanted to hide. Krasnodar region, if anyone was at the end of August, you know how merciless it is - the heavy sun happens at this time, it covers, it melts, there is no escape from it. Vladimir Vasilyevich found a place without a tree, reacted calmly to our comments, everyone thought to themselves - yes, he shouldn’t have done that, he probably thought so to himself, but the place was good (on any other cloudy day). Well, in general, we fed him, laid out the gear, I’ll stop separately, for example, I love a float fishing rod, nothing else, so I don’t worry, I have 2 good rods on each with one hook and inertia-free reels with clutches (which save me), and I fish, from my brother also a feeder and makushatnitsy (special tackle for catching silver carp), just like Vladimir Vasilyevich’s, my father’s is about the same as mine, only he doesn’t really take care of the tackle, so they don’t really catch fish for him either. I installed 0.16 leashes and started fishing; in this heat, I didn’t expect to catch any large fish, so I installed these leashes. The bites began for almost everyone and constantly, they took ram, bleak, bream and other little things, we look at Vladimir Vasilyevich, he has no time for fishing anymore, but he endures and fishes at the same time, drinking all our water reserves; his father long ago climbed into the shade under a tree and you can see he wonders why he even got involved in this business.
Well, I also had a not very shaded place and I was pretty tired of tugging small change, I put three corn on the hook, made the depth deeper and I think whatever happens, and I climbed under the tree, not even 5 minutes passed, my float went smoothly, went and drowned, I have nothing to do, I hook, the depth is great, every little thing from the bottom seems like a fish, but here is another case... I feel that the fish does not give in and does not go up, moreover, the clutch works, but I remember the fishing line 0.16... a little stronger and that’s all I even I don’t see what it is, at such moments anything comes to mind, at first you think a snag, but when you feel that the snag is moving all sorts of assumptions are made, my companions became wary, Vladimir Vasilyevich probably forgot about the heat - everyone wonders what kind of animal it is, and meanwhile the animal swam to the other side of the river, cracking the clutch, it’s good that there are no snags, I thought and decided to tighten this same clutch a little, I saw the fish stopped and, placing the rod at 90 degrees to the water, so that it played, I began to pull it to the shore, I don’t know how long it lasted how much, but my hand was tired, since periodically this animal went to the center of the river, but I really wanted to look at it, maybe it’s a catfish, maybe tench, maybe carp, maybe a huge crucian carp, and the leash is 0.16, I feel the resistance weakening and I pull it almost to the shore, the shore is steep and clayey, it’s inconvenient to go down, Andrey, meanwhile, took out a landing net and stuck it into the water. And then he appeared - it was a wild carp - a wild carp, strong, huge, I won’t lie about how few people will believe it, but I have experience, I caught 5 kg, this one was longer and bigger, and in the warm August water, he wasn’t tired yet, I’m surprised how my tackle for roach 0.16 held up. And then Andrei said - now we’ll take him, we’ll take him 100 percent, but for some reason at that moment I thought that now we definitely won’t take him. Meanwhile, the carp stubbornly did not fall into the landing net, the father could not stand this disgrace, pushed Andrei away and squished his landing net into the water, the carp realized that something was wrong and, gathering his last strength, although I think not the last, rushed again to the other side of the river, the fight continued, even For about 15 minutes the carp tumbled in the middle of the river and no longer succumbed to my persuasion, and then a terrible thing happened... the hook somehow jumped out of the lip of this fish (its happiness), and the habit of 0.16 remained intact. My grief knew no bounds, I wanted to howl at the hot sun, but one thing calmed me down, I still saw him and fought with him for so long with this river giant and didn’t even break the fishing line.
Well, then, as usual, you think that you will catch more, and you feed and put on more and more baits and wait and wait, but it doesn’t bite anymore. Meanwhile, the water ran out and we got ready to go home, local fishermen arrived for the evening, we told them as usual, what we caught and what we missed, to which they were not at all surprised and it turned out that in these places carp 12-16 kg are not at all uncommon and very often upset, and sometimes delight, local fishermen. With this we went home. This is what the Psekups River is like, unpredictable and unexpected. Intuition - for some reason Vladimir Vasilyevich noted.
Alexander Pokidyshev, 2011
soulo.ru
Psekups
Psekups is a river in Russia, flows in the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea, a left tributary of the Kuban River.
Geographical information
The river originates in the Tuapse district of the Krasnodar Territory, 5 km from the village of Sadovoye. Further it flows through the territory of the Goryacheklyuchevsky district of the Krasnodar Territory of Russia. 3 km north of the village of Molkin, it passes into the territory of the Republic of Adygea. 4 km from the village of Novochepashiy, the Republic of Adygea flows into the Krasnodar reservoir on the Kuban River.
The length of the river is 146 km. The drainage basin area is 1430 km². Water flow 20 m³/s. The width of the river is small - 5-35 m; in some places it can be forded. At the mouth before its confluence with the Krasnodar Reservoir, the width of the river reaches 200-800 m. The depth of the river in some places reaches 3-8 m, for example, below the village of Molkino. In the mountainous part of the territory, the Psekups River has a fast flow and is small in width. Once on the plain, it expands and slows down its speed.
The tributaries of Psekups are narrow, short rivers with waterfalls. The largest tributaries: right - Sosnovka, Solyonaya, Khatyps; left - Psif, Big and Small Dog, Thamashinka, Chepsi, Orlova Shchel, Kavyarze, Dysh.
From the source of the river along the channel, the following settlements are located: Krasnodar Territory - Sadovoe, Afanasyevsky postik (Tuapse district), Tsarina Polyana, Fanagoriyskoye, Bezymyanoye, Goryachiy Klyuch, Saratovskaya, Sorokin, Prirechensky, Baku, Molkin (Goryacheklyuchevsky district); Republic of Adygea - Vochepshiy, Pchegatlukay, Novovochepshiy (Teuchezhsky district).
Shipping
The river is not navigable.
Bridges and crossings
The river is crossed by a railway line near x. Afanasyevsky postik and the city of Goryachiy Klyuch, there are also 2 road bridges across the river in the city of Goryachiy Klyuch, a road bridge in the station. Saratovskaya, bridge in the station. Baku, road bridge near x. Novovochepshiy.
Fish
The river is home to roach, bleak, crucian carp, chub, carp, catfish, pike, perch, goby, fisherman, tench, silver carp, pike perch, shemaya, bream, bream, asp, sabrefish and other fish.
List of references https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psekups http://vsereki.ru/atlanticheskij-okean/bassejn-azovskogo-morya/kuban/psekups https://tvoytrofey.ru/rybalka/places/rybalka_v_respublike_adygeya/ places/places
catcher.fish
Fish biting forecast in the Psekups farm
Fishing forecast > Russia > Adygea > Adygeisk > PsekupsFish biting forecast in the Psekups farm, Adygea. Find out what kind of fish are waiting for a bite in Adygeisk these days. The forecast takes into account water temperature and ice thickness.
Geographic coordinates that we use to calculate the forecast. According to our data, the village of Psekups is here:
Today it is relatively cool in the village of Psekups. The air temperature will be +15 °C. The water temperature is uniform throughout all layers, about 10 °C. A light warm southwestern breeze carries the upper layers of water to the northeastern shore of the reservoir. Atmospheric pressure gradually drops to a level of 757 mm Hg. Art. The humidity is quite comfortable.
partly cloudy
air temperature: +11
Water temperature:
surface
wind southeast, 2 m/s
N E S W 2
humidity 57% comfort zone 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 57%
partly cloudy
air temperature: +11
Water temperature:
surface
wind southeast, 3 m/s
N E S W 3
humidity 55% comfort zone 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 55%
partly cloudy
air temperature: +15
Water temperature:
surface
wind south-southwest, 2 m/s
N E S W 2
humidity 48% comfort zone 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 48%
air temperature: +13
Water temperature:
surface
wind east-southeast, 1 m/s
N E S W 1
pressure 754 mm Hg. Art. 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 754 mm Hg. Art.
humidity 56% comfort zone 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 56%
Moon phase
Tomorrow it will be relatively cool in the village of Psekups. The air temperature will be +7 °C. The water temperature is uniform throughout all layers, about 11 °C. The north-west wind drives a breaking wave and blows away the upper layers of water to the south-eastern shore of the reservoir. Atmospheric pressure will gradually increase to a value of 753 mm Hg. Art. The humidity is very high and can negatively affect people with cardiovascular disease.
Mainly cloudy
air temperature: +12
Water temperature:
surface
wind west-southwest, 2 m/s
N E S W 2
air temperature: +9
Water temperature:
surface
N E S W 3
pressure 753 mm Hg. Art. 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 753 mm Hg. Art.
humidity 95% comfort zone 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 95%
air temperature: +7
Water temperature:
surface
wind west-northwest, 6 m/s
N E S W 6
pressure 753 mm Hg. Art. 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 753 mm Hg. Art.
humidity 83% comfort zone 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 83%
light rain
air temperature: +6
Water temperature:
surface
northwest wind, 4 m/s
N E S W 4
pressure 755 mm Hg. Art. 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 755 mm Hg. Art.
Moon phase
On Wednesday, December 6, it is relatively cool in the village of Psekups. The air temperature will be +4 °C. The temperature of the upper layers of water is 9 °C, at a depth of 11 °C. A light cold northwest breeze carries the cold upper layers of water to the southeastern shore of the reservoir. Warm water will rise from the depths off the northwestern coast. Atmospheric pressure is stable and will be 757 mm Hg. Art. The humidity is quite comfortable.
partly cloudy
air temperature: +4
Water temperature:
surface
northwest wind, 4 m/s
N E S W 4
pressure 756 mm Hg. Art. 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 756 mm Hg. Art.
humidity 73% comfort zone 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 73%
partly cloudy
air temperature: +2
Water temperature:
surface
N E S W 3
pressure 757 mm Hg. Art. 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 757 mm Hg. Art.
humidity 75% comfort zone 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 75%
Mainly cloudy
air temperature: +4
Water temperature:
surface
wind north-northwest, 3 m/s
N E S W 3
pressure 757 mm Hg. Art. 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 757 mm Hg. Art.
humidity 60% comfort zone 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 60%
partly cloudy
air temperature: +4
Water temperature:
surface
wind west-northwest, 3 m/s
N E S W 3
pressure 758 mm Hg. Art. 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 758 mm Hg. Art.
humidity 65% comfort zone 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 65%
Moon phase
On Thursday, December 7, it is relatively cool in the village of Psekups. The air temperature will be +6 °C. The temperature of the upper layers of water is 6 °C, at a depth of 11 °C. The southwest wind drives a breaking wave and blows away the cold upper layers of water to the northeastern shore of the reservoir. Warm water will rise from the depths off the southwestern coast. Atmospheric pressure is stable and will be 757 mm Hg. Art. The air is humid.
partly cloudy
air temperature: +1
Water temperature:
surface
wind west, 4 m/s
N E S W 4
pressure 759 mm Hg. Art. 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 759 mm Hg. Art.
humidity 76% comfort zone 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 76%
Moon phase
Mainly cloudy
air temperature: +2
Water temperature:
surface
wind south-southwest, 4 m/s
N E S W 4
pressure 759 mm Hg. Art. 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 759 mm Hg. Art.
humidity 70% comfort zone 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 70%
Mainly cloudy
air temperature: +6
Water temperature:
surface
wind west-southwest, 6 m/s
N E S W 6
pressure 757 mm Hg. Art. 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 757 mm Hg. Art.
humidity 71% comfort zone 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 71%
small rain
air temperature: +5
Water temperature:
surface
wind west, 6 m/s
N E S W 6
pressure 759 mm Hg. Art. 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 759 mm Hg. Art.
humidity 85% comfort zone 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 85%
On Friday, December 8, it is relatively cool in the village of Psekups. The air temperature will be +7 °C. The temperature of the upper layers of water is 4 °C, at a depth of 10 °C. A light westerly breeze carries the cold upper layers of water to the eastern shore of the reservoir. Warm water will rise from the depths off the western coast. Atmospheric pressure is stable and will be 763 mm Hg. Art. The air is humid.
small rain
air temperature: +5
Water temperature:
surface
wind west, 6 m/s
N E S W 6
pressure 760 mm Hg. Art. 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 760 mm Hg. Art.
humidity 84% comfort zone 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 84%
Moon phase
small rain
air temperature: +5
Water temperature:
surface
wind west, 4 m/s
N E S W 4
pressure 761 mm Hg. Art. 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 761 mm Hg. Art.
humidity 86% comfort zone 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 86%
light rain
air temperature: +7
Water temperature:
surface
wind west, 3 m/s
N E S W 3
humidity 80% comfort zone 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 80%
air temperature: +7
Water temperature:
surface
wind southwest, 1 m/s
N E S W 1
pressure 763 mm Hg. Art. 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 763 mm Hg. Art.
humidity 82% comfort zone 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 82%
For the fish bite forecast in the new simplified design, see Forecast for the fish bite in the Psekups farm
See the bite forecast here. Write comments and suggestions there.
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All rivers
Psekups is a river flowing through the territory of the Krasnodar Territory of Russia and the Republic of Adygea. It is a left tributary of the Kuban River.
The river originates in the Tuapse district of the Krasnodar Territory, 5 km from the village of Sadovoye. Further it flows through the territory of the Goryacheklyuchevsky district of the Krasnodar Territory of Russia. 3 km north of the village of Molkin, it passes into the territory of the Republic of Adygea. 4 km from the village of Novochepashiy in the Republic of Adygea it flows into the Krasnodar Reservoir on the Kuban River.
The length of the river is 146 km. The drainage basin area is 1430 km². Water flow 20 m³/s. The river is not wide, 5m -35m, and in some places it can be forded. At the mouth before its confluence with the Krasnodar reservoir, the width of the river reaches 200 m - 800 m. The depth of the river in some places reaches from 3 m to 8 m, for example, below the village of Molkino. In the mountainous part of the territory, the Psekups River has a fast flow and is small in width. Once on the plain, it expands and slows down its speed.
Settlements. From the source of the river along the riverbed the following settlements are located: Krasnodar Territory. Tuapse district: Sadovoe, Afanasyevsky postik. Goryacheklyuchevsky district: Tsarina Polyana, Fanagoriyskoye, Bezymyanoye, Goryachiy Klyuch, Saratovskaya, Sorokin, Prirechensky, Baku, Molkin. Republic of Adygea: Teuchezhsky district: Vochepshy, Pchegatlukai, Novovocheshy.
Routes (access roads). All along the river from the village of Sadovoe, a railway runs along the river. From the village of Fanagorskoye to the city of Goryachiy Klyuch (4 km south of the city), a road stretches on the left side of the bank. Next, the M4 Don highway joins the road along the river. From the city of Goryachiy Klyuch, on the right side is the Goryachiy Klyuch-Saratovskaya highway. Along with the confluence of the Psekups into the Krasnodar reservoir, the river bed is crossed by the Adygeisk-Velikovechnoe highway.
Main tributaries. Psekups has more left tributaries than right ones. These are narrow rivers of short length with waterfalls. The largest tributaries of the Psekups River: Right: Sosnovka, Solenaya, Khatyps rivers. Left: Psif River, Bolshaya and Malaya Sobachka Rivers, Tkhamashinka, Chepsi, Orlova Shchel, Kavyarze, Dysh.
Relief and soils. In the upper reaches, the river flows from the slope of the Main Caucasus Range. The river bed here is narrow, the river is shallow, with a fast current. In the lower reaches, the Psekups River flows through flat terrain, has low, sometimes collapsed banks, and the width of the river expands. In the wide valley of the Psekups River, the soils develop according to the meadow type of soil formation and are represented by alluvial-meadow and partially meadow soils.
Vegetation. The vegetation of the Krasnodar region contains many useful plants: 250 medicinal species, 140 species of essential oil plants, hundreds of species of honey plants. There are a variety of latitudinal-zonal and altitudinal types of vegetation that have preserved their original natural landscape appearance to varying degrees. The Psekups Valley in the mountainous part of the basin is quite narrow and covered with dense forests. The forests contain oak, beech and hornbeam. There are also a lot of maple, linden, chestnut and ash. Sometimes you come across juniper, relict pine and yew - the oldest species of plants.
Hydrological regime. Currently, along the entire length, except for the lower reaches of the river, the Psekups is a shallow river. In some places it can be easily forded. The water level rises during the spring and rainy periods. In the area of Abadzekh Mountain near the Rock of Salvation, Psekups is full of water. The regime in the river is flood. Water levels in the river and its flow rates vary greatly throughout the year (average water flow is about 20 m³/s, the highest is about 1000 m³/s).
The river is fed by mixed water: precipitation and groundwater. Rain nutrition predominates (70%). The ice on the river does not last long, about a month. In some warm years there was no ice coverage at all.
In the mountainous part of the territory, Psekups has a fast current and is small in width. But once on the plain, it expands and slows down its speed. There are many mineral springs in the river valley.
Ichthyofauna. In the river there are: roach, bleak, crucian carp, chubs, carp, catfish, pike, perch, goby, fisherman, tench, silver carp, pike perch, shemaika, bream, bream and other fish.
Water quality. The quality, purity and transparency of the water in the river depends on the nature of the soil: water that breaks through rocks, where there are no outcrops of clay and silt, remains clean. After heavy rains, the water becomes cloudy for some time. In general, the color of the water is greenish-blue, due to the presence of a large number of sulfur springs in the river basin.
Tourism and rest. The moderate warm climate, lack of heat and a large number of sunny days make the area near the river especially attractive for recreation. There are many attractions on the river, for example, at the source of the river there is one of the highest (30 m) waterfalls in the Psekups basin. In the Psekups valley there is the resort town of Goryachiy Klyuch. About 200 natural and cultural monuments are registered in the region. There are many interesting places in the foothills of the resort: the chapel of the Iveron Mother of God, Mount Abadzekhskaya, Dantovo Gorge, Cockerel rock, Zvonkaya cave, drinking pump room, waterfalls on the Kaverze River, Phanagorian stalactite cave, Bogatyrsky caves and much more.
In the summer, people swim in the river, go boating in the widened riverbed, fish, and sometimes go rafting.
Reference Information.
Length: 146 km. Basin area: 1430 km². Swimming pool: Sea of Azov. River basin: Kuban.
Source: Tuapse district of the Krasnodar Territory, 5 km from the village of Sadovoe.
Coordinates: 44°22′1.89″ N. latitude, 39°7′36.54″ e. d.
Mouth: Krasnodar reservoir (left tributary of the Kuban River).
Location: 4 km from the village of Novovochepshiy, Republic of Adygea. Coordinates: 44°55′30.88″ N. latitude, 39°15′49.48″ e. d.
Every year for the past 20 years I have been going on vacation to a quiet resort town. Hot key, which is in the Krasnodar region. And what about 50 km from the sea, mountains, all sorts of sanatoriums and markets, lakes and rivers, paid ponds (I’m an avid fisherman) everything is nearby and there is no crowd of people as it happens in Dzhubga, Anapa and other coastal cities. So I’ll tell you about my fishing trips on the Psekups River, which translated from Adyghe means clear water or blue water, I heard 2 options, I don’t know which one is correct.
There are all kinds of fish there. I’ll list what I remember... roach (locally called ram), bleak, crucian carp, chubs, there are individuals up to 2 kg, carp. , bream, white bream and other fish. The Psekups mountain river in the upper reaches is clean and cold, going down from the mountains it expands and because of the silty soil it becomes muddy, especially if it rains in the mountains, you don’t have to go fishing for a while, for some reason it doesn’t bite.
You can fish on Psekups everywhere, if you are a skilled enough fisherman, you won’t be left without a catch, but there are especially good places further from the mountains, where the river becomes wider and full-flowing. My most memorable fishing happened near the village. Molkino, there the Psekups is wide and deep, reaching up to 6 m, but I just measured this myself, and it may be deeper there. We gathered to go fishing there.
As usual, early in the morning, I, my brother Andrei, my father and his long-term friend Vladimir Vasilyevich (with whom they have been playing chess for about 40 years with varying success), well, naturally, we prepared ahead of time with complementary food, bait, repaired the gear and set off, the day was very hot even there was no coolness in the morning, we took a lot of water, while we found a place (everyone searched as best they could), I personally looked for a tree to have one, because the higher the sun rose, the more I wanted to hide. Krasnodar region, if anyone was at the end of August, you know how merciless it is - the heavy sun happens at this time, it covers, it melts, there is no escape from it. Vladimir Vasilyevich found a place without a tree, reacted calmly to our comments, everyone thought to themselves - yes, he shouldn’t have done that, he probably thought so to himself, but the place was good (on any other cloudy day). Well, in general, we fed him, laid out the gear, I’ll stop separately, for example, I love a float rod, nothing else, so I don’t worry, I have 2 good rods on each with one hook and inertia-free reels with clutches (which save me), and I fish,
My brother also has a feeder and makushatnitsa (special tackle for catching silver carp), just like Vladimir Vasilyevich, my father is about the same as me, only he doesn’t really take care of the gear, so they don’t really catch fish for him either. I installed 0.16 leashes and started fishing; in this heat, I didn’t expect to catch any large fish, so I installed these leashes. The bites began for almost everyone and constantly, they took ram, bleak, bream and other little things, we look at Vladimir Vasilyevich, he has no time for fishing anymore, but he endures and fishes at the same time, drinking all our water reserves; his father long ago climbed into the shade under a tree and you can see he wonders why he even got involved in this business.
Well, I also had a not very shaded place and I was pretty tired of tugging small change, I put three corn on the hook, made the depth deeper and I think whatever happens, and I climbed under the tree, not even 5 minutes passed, my float went smoothly, went and drowned, I have nothing to do, I hook, the depth is great, every little thing from the bottom seems like a fish, but here is another case... I feel that the fish does not give in and does not go up, moreover, the clutch works, but I remember the fishing line 0.16... a little stronger and that’s all I even I don’t see what it is, at such moments anything comes to mind, at first you think of a snag, but when you feel that the snag is moving all sorts of assumptions are made, my companions became wary, Vladimir Vasilyevich probably forgot about the heat - everyone wonders what kind of animal it is, and meanwhile the animal swam to the other side of the river, cracking the clutch, it’s good that there are no snags, I thought and decided to tighten this same clutch a little, I saw the fish stopped and, placing the rod at 90 degrees to the water, so that it played, I began to pull it to the shore, I don’t know how long it lasted how much, but my hand was tired, since periodically this animal went to the center of the river, but I really wanted to look at it, maybe it’s a catfish, maybe tench, maybe carp, maybe a huge crucian carp, and the leash is 0.16, I feel the resistance weakening and I pull it almost to the shore, the shore is steep and clayey, it’s inconvenient to go down, Andrey, meanwhile, took out a landing net and stuck it into the water.
And then he appeared - it was a wild carp - a wild carp, strong, huge, I won’t lie about how few people will believe it, but I have experience, I caught 5 kg, this one was longer and bigger, and in warm August water, he wasn’t tired yet, I’m surprised how my tackle for roach 0.16 held up. And then Andrei said - now we’ll take him, we’ll take him 100 percent, but for some reason at that moment I thought that now we definitely won’t take him. Meanwhile, the carp stubbornly did not fall into the landing net, the father could not stand this disgrace, pushed Andrei away and squished his landing net into the water, the carp realized that something was wrong and, gathering his last strength, although I think not the last, rushed again to the other side of the river, the fight continued, even For about 15 minutes the carp tumbled in the middle of the river and no longer succumbed to my persuasion, and then a terrible thing happened... the hook somehow jumped out of the lip of this fish (its happiness), and the habit of 0.16 remained intact. My grief knew no bounds, I wanted to howl at the hot sun, but one thing calmed me down, I still saw him and fought with him for so long with this river giant and didn’t even break the fishing line.
Well, then, as usual, you think that you will catch more, and you feed and put on more and more baits and wait and wait, but it doesn’t bite anymore. Meanwhile, the water ran out and we got ready to go home, local fishermen arrived for the evening, we told them as usual, what we caught and what we missed, to which they were not at all surprised and it turned out that
in these places, carp weighing 12-16 kg are not at all uncommon and very often upset, and sometimes delight, local fishermen.
With this we went home. This is what the Psekups River is like, unpredictable and unexpected.
Intuition— for some reason Vladimir Vasilyevich remarked.
Psekups is a left-bank tributary of the Kuban River, about 140 km long, now flowing into the Krasnodar Reservoir. Its sources are located on the northern slope of Mount Lysaya (976 m), located in the chain of the Main Caucasus Range (MCR) of the Greater Caucasus. Administratively, the upper and middle reaches of the river, respectively, are located on the territory of the Tuapse district and the Goryachy Klyuch urban district of the Krasnodar Territory, and the lower reaches in the Teuchezhsky district of the Republic of Adygea. The valley of the Psekups River consists of two parts: mountainous, located on the northern spurs of the Greater Caucasus, and flat, which begins below (north) of the city of Goryachiy Klyuch, where it flows along the Trans-Kuban sloping plain. The river gained its fame for a number of objective reasons:
- first of all, this is one of the rather large Trans-Kuban rivers;
- the valley of the Psekups River is located in favorable natural conditions and has been inhabited by humans since ancient times from its source to its mouth. The valleys of its upper tributaries, the Vatepsi (right) and Gryaznaya (left) rivers, were also inhabited. Along their valleys there are convenient routes to the Black Sea slope of the GKH, respectively, to the valleys of the Chilipsi rivers (Tuapse river basin) through the Lysogorsky pass (500 m) and Psebe (Nechepsukho river basin) through the Granichny pass (518 m);
- the presence in the river valley of a significant amount of medicinal natural waters of varying composition, including thermal ones, made it possible to create a resort here in 1868, which received, from the hot springs, the name Goryachiy Klyuch;
- good transport accessibility of the valley, a section of the federal highway M-4 "Don" Krasnodar - Goryachiy Klyuch - Dzhubga and the railway line Krasnodar - Goryachiy Klyuch - Tuapse are laid along it;
- the mountainous part of its branched valley is rich in natural excursion sites, which has made it popular among travel lovers.
"Roman Road", a section of the Moshcheny stream near the waterfall of the same name
The modern name of the river Psekups was reproduced somewhat differently in the past, so in local history literature the following spelling forms are found: Psakups, Psekups, Psekups, Pskups, Pshekups, Pshikups, Pshukups. On the maps of the Caucasus region and the Kuban region, the name of the river did not differ much from the modern one, so on the map for 1847 it is listed as Psakups, in 1857 as Psekups, and in 1881 already as Psekups. The hydronym Psekups served as the basis for the formation of a number of geographical names:
- Psekupskie mineral waters, now the toponym has been replaced by the name Goryacheklyuchevskie;
- Psekupskaya stalactite cave is the original name of Phanagoria or Great Phanagoria cave;
- Psekups railway station on the Krasnodar-Goryachiy Klyuch railway line, located on the western outskirts of the Psekups farm, which is part of the Adygeisk urban district of the Republic of Adygea;
- Psekupskaya stanitsa, founded in 1864, in 1867 renamed Saratovskaya stanitsa, part of the Goryachy Klyuch urban district.
In the Soviet period of Russian history, the 60-70s of the twentieth century, there was a translation of the toponym Psekups from the Adyghe language as “Blue Water”; this option is erroneous, because the hydronym does not contain an Adyghe morphological element with the meaning “blue”. But this mistake is being replicated even now, in local history publications of Kuban, which reduces their scientific and historical reliability. For comparison, in the Adyghe language the words “blue” means shhuantIe, and “blue” means shkhyontIe; these words have nothing in common with the Abadzekh phrase Psekups.
R. Psekups at the confluence with the left tributary of the river. Kavyarze
The water in the Psekups River and other rivers may appear blue when the sky is reflected in the river during the day in clear weather. The sky has a special color, since there are particles of water in the air in a gaseous state, and sunlight, refracted in it, colors it blue, which has nothing to do with the etymology of the hydronym Psekups. Speaking about the color of water in mountain rivers, including the Psekups River, it should be noted that it has greenish tones when the water in the rivers is clean.
The modern Adyghe form of writing the name of the river Psekups (Psekups) does not have an unambiguous translation. According to Kokov J.N., the name Psekups “... is artificial and cannot be explained.” Is it so? Let's try to solve this problem. We can offer several options for translating the toponym Psekups.
For example, the Adyghe word psykyu, meaning “spill, flood,” indicates a significant increase in water level, which is a characteristic feature of the hydrological regime of the river. In this case, the toponym in question will look like Psykyupse and means “Water (River) overflowing.” It is possible that the name of the river comes from the Adyghe phrase Pse + kh'oi + pse (river + abundance + water), which can mean “River abundant in water.” It is appropriate to note here that the Adyghe word psykhyu means “river”; it can also be an integral part of a toponym, which will look like Psykhyu + pse (river + water), that is, “Water river”. In this case, it is understood that the river does not dry out and has a constant flow.
Kokov J.N. suggests that the name has the form of writing Psey + kyo + ps and is translated as “river of the black maple beam” (river of the maple beam). The given version is ambiguous and not convincing, in the valley of the Psekups River both maple and black maple (Tatar maple) grow, but in the Adyghe language they are listed differently: black maple - “psey”, and maple - “blanche (blache) or shezeesh'e, etc.” . Meretukov K.Kh., also notes, “It is somewhat difficult to determine the etymology of the word “psekups”” and concludes, “perhaps it goes back to the ancient ethnikon psak.” If this is so, then the hydronym will mean “River of Dogs”. The ethnic version of the origin of the name of the river Psekups from the Psak ethnic group is also not convincing. What kind of people were they and did they even exist under that name? Among the Meotians in the Trans-Kuban region, a similar name for the Psessa tribe stood out. The valley of the Psekups River was located east of their habitat. Some historians identify the name of the Psessians with the origin of the name of the Pshish River, located even east of the Psekups River. Obviously, the transcription of the spelling of the name psessa is different from the name of the mythical dogs. It has been proven that the Meotians were native speakers of Indo-European languages. Some researchers also mistakenly associate the formation of the names of the tributaries of the Psekups River - Khatyps and Chepsi (about them below) with the names of ethnic groups.
R. Psekups near the resort park of Goryachy Klyuch
In Meretukov K.Kh. The toponym PsykIuapIe (Psikuape) was recorded, a former wetland near the village of Khachemziy, Koshekhablsky district of the Republic of Adygea, located in the valley of the Fars River. The toponym consists of the words psy - “water, river”, kIuapIe - “place of stay of something”. It can also be taken as a basis and the slightly modified name of the river Psekups may be translated as “Place of water.”
Almazov Yu.B. suggests that the hydronym is based on “... a distorted psycho. The fact is that in the upper reaches of the river the Abadzekh settlements stretched in an almost unbroken chain. Such societies were called psykhyu in Adyghe, where... the root psa (water) is present, i.e. "..., a large village in the valley of one river." ...perhaps the locals simply called this large village and the entire valley Psykha. ... Later, the neighbors of the Abadzekhs - the “Psykhuvians” also adopted the name, but over time they began to add ps(s), and the result was a “river-river”, but, more precisely, a “Psykhuvskaya river”, “a river where a very large “psykhu” is located. In other words, the name of the large settlement is formed by the geographical term psykhyu - “river” + dogs - “water, river”, and the river was named after the settlement Psykhupse, that is, literally the river of the “Water River”.
Tverdy A.V. put forward the following assumption: “it is possible that the etymology of the hydronym contains the Abkhaz-Abaza element kue - “smelly”. The presence of “smelly” hydrogen sulfide springs in many valleys of the Trans-Kuban rivers has been known for a long time, for example, Afips, Psekups, Pshish, Ubin, etc. In this version, the name of the river will look like Psekuepse and is translated as “River of stinking water.” This version is not convincing and requires additional research, and because the Abkhaz adjective aba fy zmou - “smelly”, is not part of the hydronym in question.
There is an opinion that the name of the river Psekups is also translated as “Water from the pass”; it is not substantiated. Or that the name of the hydronym in the form of Psekuupse means “Deep-water river”, where the Adyghe word kuu - “deep”, is erroneous, since mountain rivers are shallow under normal water conditions, in addition, in the Adyghe language the complex word deep-water is reproduced as psykuupIeme akhesre. The translations given in this paragraph are a rethinking of the toponym Psekups.
So, as a result, the following variants of the etymology of the hydronym Psekups are obtained:
- Psykyupse - “Water (River) spilling”;
- Psekhoipse - “River abundant in water”;
- PsykIuapIe - “Place of water”;
- Psykhupse - “Water River”;
- Pseykops - “River of the Black Maple Beam”;
- Psekups - “River of Dogs”;
- Psykhupse - “Water River”;
- Psekuepse - “River of stinking water”;
- Psekuupse - “Deep-water river.”
As you can see, the predominant characteristic in the given etymologies is the peculiarity of the water regime of the river with an excess amount of water, and not other weakly substantiated factors or reasons (plant, ethnic group, chemical composition of water). To translate the hydronym Psekups, apparently, the following most probable meanings should be used: “Water (River) overflowing”, “River abundant in water”, “Place of water”, “Water river”.
Summarizing the etymological part of the essay, we present data published at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. In the “Guide to the Caucasus” (1888) Veidenbaum E.G. notes that the name of the river Psekups is Abadzekh and means “River abundant in water.” Gan G.F., in his work “Experience in explaining Caucasian geographical names” (1909), wrote that Psekups is a Circassian name that means “Valley with a lot of water.” These data also confirm what was said in the previous paragraph.
Podnavisla tract
At the conclusion of the essay about the Psekups River, information is given about the most famous tributaries of the mountainous part of its basin - the rivers Ayuk, Vatepsi, Gryaznaya, Kavyarze, Khatyps and Chepsi. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the source of the Psekups River was marked on maps differently than it is now. On modern maps, in the upper reaches of the Psekups River, there is a left tributary, the Gryaznaya River, with a length of 12 km. Its sources are located on the northwestern slope of Mount Fache (813 m), located in the GKH chain. On maps of the Caucasus (1871, 1877), the Kuban region (1904) and the Kuban district of the North Caucasus region (1926), the Gryaznaya River is listed as Psekups. On the map of the Military Topographical Directorate of the North Caucasus Territory of the Red Army (1928), the name of the river appears as Gryaznaya.
Until the 40s of the 20th century, along the river bed on maps of different years, in the middle reaches, the Sadovye farms were indicated, which stretched for approximately 5 km. For example, on the map of the Krasnodar Territory (1941) at a scale of 1:200,000, the Sadovye farms appear. The date of their foundation and settlement has not been established. Administratively, they were part of the village of Sadovoye, located on the banks of the Psekups River between the mouths of the Vatepsi and Gryaznaya rivers, and were apparently inhabited at the beginning of the twentieth century, and approximately half a century later the farmsteads were resettled.
Red Army map 1941
In the 90s of the twentieth century, in a conversation with a local resident in the valley of the Gryaznaya River, whose family and he live in the village of Novomikhailovsky, Tuapse region, he learned the following: “his childhood passed in the valley of this river, during the Tuapse defensive operation (1942-1943 gg.), along the river bed along a forest road designed for horse-drawn transport, Soviet troops moved in mechanized vehicles, turning it dirty and difficult to overcome. Because of such a road, the headquarters called the westernmost of the Garden Farms “Dirty.” This story belongs to oral folk art and is a modern legend explaining the meaning of the toponym.
The Gryazny farm was already listed as part of the Bezymyannaya volost in the lists of “Settlements of the Kuban region according to the 1917 census”, i.e. the settlement was founded at the beginning of the twentieth century. The farm is also listed in the “Lists of populated areas of the North Caucasus region” (1925). At the beginning of the second half of the 20th century, in the place of the settled farmstead, the Gryazny tract was marked on maps, located at an absolute altitude of 214 m. In the early 90s of the 20th century, on the site of the farmstead in the Gryazny tract, there was a lonely uninhabited hut. Most likely, the farm did not get its name from the river, since in the 19th century and the first quarter of the 20th century it was listed on maps as the Psekups River. The name of the river was changed in 1928, because the source of the Psekups River, originating at Mount Lysaya (976 m), turned out to be 2 km longer and amounted to 14 km.
Map of the General Staff of the 80s
There is an opinion that in the lower reaches of the river the floodplain is composed of alluvial deposits, which are easily washed away during floods and the water becomes cloudy (dirty), which is why the river was called Gryaznaya. This opinion is not justified, since in the mountainous Transkuban region, during heavy rains and intense snow melting in the spring, the water in almost all rivers becomes dirty. Most likely, the toponym Gryazny comes from the Old Russian word mud - originally meaning swamp, swamp. A wide floodplain terrace in the lower reaches of the river, below the farm, became wet from moisture (rain, floods or melted snow) and turned into a dirty and difficult to pass place, forming swampy banks overgrown with moisture-loving vegetation, reminiscent of a swamp, which served as the basis for the name of the settlement - Gryazny, and then the rivers.
Interestingly, the Psekups River, on the opposite side of the valley from the Gryaznaya River, receives a right-bank tributary, the Vatepsi River, about 15 km long. The sources of the river are located on the northern slope of Mount Vatepsi (546.5 m), located in the GKH chain. Most likely, the name of the toponym Vatepsi is distorted and formed from the Adyghe word etypsyt, meaning “slush”, i.e. "liquid mud" The names of the rivers Vatepsi and Gryaznaya are practically synonymous.
In the Podnavisla tract
Khatyps is a river, 17 km long, the right tributary of the Psekups River. The river valley is located along the southwestern slope of the Kotkh ridge. An early form of writing the hydronym Khatyps was given back in 1836 by Khan-Girey as Khotips. Khan-Girey in the valley of the Psekups River is distinguished by the oronym Khotkh, which is now recorded as the Kotkh ridge, its name is translated as “Boar Ridge”. Meretukov K.Kh. indicates “the name also belongs to the river originating from the slopes of the Kotkh ridge.” Obviously, he is right and then the translation of the name of the Khatyps river will look like “Water of Kotha” or literally “River of the Boar Ridge”.
The opinion that the formation of the hydronym Khatyps is associated with the ethnic group of the Hutts or Hittites, or from the native word Khate - “vegetable garden” and means, respectively, “river of the Hutts (Hittites)” or “garden river”, is erroneous. These versions are a re-imagining. In the valley of the Psekups River, Abadzekhs lived and it is unlikely that they knew anything about the Khatts or Hittites living far from the Khatyps River on the Asia Minor Peninsula, even in the period from the second half of the 2nd millennium to the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. By the way, the Hittites were also native speakers of Indo-European languages.
In the lower reaches of the Khatyps River, there was the village of Khatyps (Goryacheklyuchevsky district), named after the river. Founded at the end of the 19th century, no later than 1885, as a farm. Resettled in 1975 in the villages of Bezymyanoye and Fanagoriyskoye.
Upper Ayuk waterfall
Chepsi is a river, about 30 km long, located in the urban district of Goryachy Klyuch, and is a left tributary of the Psekups River. The sources of the river are on the eastern slope of Mount Krugloya (662 m), located in the GKH chain. There is an unsubstantiated opinion that the hydronym Chepsi is formed from the ethnonym Chebsin (Chobsin) related to the Zhaneevs. The Chebsin ethnicity lived on the Black Sea coast, in the past, under the influence of various historical events, it became part of the Natukhais and dissolved among them. On the map of the Trans-Kuban mountain peoples (1857), between the rivers Vulan and Dzhubga, flowing into the Black Sea, the river Chebsin is indicated; it must be assumed that this is the modern river Teshebs (13 km), flowing into the Vulan Bay of the Black Sea. The Chebsin tribe was localized in the river valleys, which on modern maps are designated as Teshebs and Bzhid (10 km), flowing into the Blue Bay, located on the southern slope of the GKH and are not related to the valley of the Chepsi River, where the Abadzekhs lived.
The most common translations of the hydronym Chepsi from the Adyghe language are made from the words chIy - “soil” and dogs - “water” - “Ground water” or chyuI - “cold” + dogs, meaning “Cold water”. Other options are also possible. For example, the name of the Chepsi River could come from the Adyghe words chIe - “bottom” and dogs - “water, river”, literally “river bottom” in the sense of “shallow or drying up river”, which is characteristic of its water regime.
On the map of the Kuban region (1904) the name of the river is listed as Pchepse, apparently this is a mistake. The following are translation options for the probably accidentally changed name of the Chepsi River, since the hydronym Pchepse has a different etymology. Several variants of its translation are possible, for example, from the Adyghe words pechyy - “flows” or pche - “twilight” + dogs, or pchepsy (pchepsi) - “hemp rope that is wound around a nail to close the door.” In the first case, the translation will mean “Flowing water”; in the valley of the Chepsi River there are many waterfalls and there are several famous waterfalls: Upper and Lower Ayuk waterfalls; waterfall "Roman Road" on the Moshcheny stream, the left tributary of the river. Ayuk; waterfall on the Kesukh stream, the right tributary of the Chepsi River; Nameless waterfall in Hell's Gap, right tributary of the river. Chepsi and others. In the second case, the toponym Pchepse will mean “Twilight River”, the upper reaches of the river and its tributary river. The ayuk is narrow, which when moving along the riverbed creates the impression of twilight, especially in cloudy weather. The third version of the origin of the toponym Pchepse may have originally referred to the name of the native kuadzh (village), located in the river valley, and then was assigned to the river (?). Khan-Girey, gives the name of the river as Dzhepsi.
Lower Ayuk waterfall
The valley of the Chepsi River is known for the Podnavisla tract, where a memorial complex was built at the mass graves of soldiers who died here during the Great Patriotic War and two chapels were built.
Ayuk is a river with a length of about 15 km, its sources are located on the northern slope of the GKH and before its confluence with the Chepsi River, 3 km from the southwestern outskirts of the village of Phanagoriysky, it flows along Peshernaya (so named for its location in this part of the Psekupskaya valley caves), Burlachenkova and Semenovskaya (these fates received their name from the farmsteads located here, named after the names of their owners) cracks. The river valley is known for the Ayuk waterfalls, the Big and Small Phanagorian caves, the Kleshcha well (located a few tens of meters from the Bolshaya Phanagorian cave, named by the student pseudonym of the geographer Gennady Viktorovich Sporykhin, graduated from KubSU), the Cat Cave and other natural objects.
The name of the river is apparently derived from the name of the Ayukov farm. In the “Lists of Populated Places of the North Caucasus Territory” (1925) and on the map of the Krasnodar Territory (1941) there is a village called Ayukov, Goryache-Klyuchevsky District, apparently founded in the 70-80s of the 19th century. It can be assumed that it is based on the Tatar word ayu or the Turkish word ayı, meaning “bear”. Perhaps its name is derived from the Turkic-language anthroponym Ayukov, translated into Russian meaning Bear or Medvedev. Or, perhaps, there were bears in the upper reaches of the river, which served as the basis for the formation of the toponym Ayuk. In this version, the second part of the name -kov, and subsequently simply -k, is Russified. In Transkuban region in the second quarter of the second half of the 19th century there were many farms founded by Turkish subjects. In 1954, the farm was resettled in the village of Bezymyanoye (territory of the Goryacheklyuchevsky district). Now on the site of the farm there is the Ayuk tract, located in the middle reaches of the river.
Waterfall on the Paved Stream
According to Meretukov K.Kh. The first part of the hydronym Aikyo (Ayuko), presumably from the Adyghe language, has no etymological explanation. By this he refutes his earlier version of the translation of the hydronym Ayuk, consisting of Ai + kyo, as “Bad Valley”. The possibility of the origin of the toponym Ayuk (Ayukov) from the Adyghe words Iае in the meaning of “tasteless, spoiled or ugly” and къо - “valley”, in the sense of “Ugly Valley”, is not convincing, and also not justified, to see in Russian -kov (- k), Adyghe -ko, which can also mean “son” or “boar”.
The highest of the Kaverzinsky waterfalls
Kavyarze is a river, 25 km long, located on the territory of the urban district of Goryachiy Klyuch, is a left tributary of the Psekups River, its sources are located on the northern slope of the GKH near the Khrebtovyi pass (355 m). On maps at a scale of 1:25,000, in the upper and middle reaches the river is designated as Kobza (Hoarze), and in the lower reaches as Kavyarze. The river is famous for the cascade of Kaverzin waterfalls, located at the source of the Tambov gap, the right tributary of the river. Kobza (Hoarse). Above the upper waterfall (the highest in the cascade), approximately 300 m, there is the University Cave.
Many explain the name of the river as a derivative of the Russian adjective tricky, i.e. complex, confusing. Therefore, in tourist and local history literature the river is called Kaverze, which is a folk (false) etymology.
The hydronym Kobza most likely comes from the native phrase Kyo + dogs meaning “Boar River”. The second name of the Hoarze River (Khoarze-Koarze), apparently distorted, is Kavyarze. Meretukov K.Kh. The hydronym is derived from the Adyghe word Khyarze (Kharze), meaning “Swan”, “... a mountain river carrying its waters in whirlpools,” apparently reminiscent of this royal white bird. Kokov J.N., gives the name “Huarze (Huarza) - the Kabardian form of the hydronym Khodz, understood as “wave”. The Chodz River is located in the Laba River basin. In the Kabardian language, the word wave is reproduced differently - tolkun, therefore the etymology of the toponym Huarze requires additional justification. To the above options you can add another Adyghe word kheuarz - “straw”, then the name of the river will look like Kheuarze - “Straw”, received, perhaps, for the color of the water in the river during floods.
A detailed description of the routes for visiting the natural sites indicated in the essay and map diagrams for them can be found in the guidebooks given in the list of references.
Literature:
1. Almazov Yu.B. Toponymy of the village of Saratovskaya and its environs. Collection of scientific works of KIMPiM No. 2. Krasnodar, 2000.
2. Veidenbaum E.G. Guide to the Caucasus. Tiflis, 1888.
3. Gan K.F. Experience in explaining Caucasian geographical names. Collection of materials for describing the localities and tribes of the Caucasus, Issue 40. Tiflis, 1909.
4. Koveshnikov V.N. Is the Psekups River blue? Essays on the toponymy of Kuban. Part 3, manuscript. Krasnodar, 2011.
5. Koveshnikov V.N. Travel through the beautiful Kuban. Krasnodar, 2012.
6. Koveshnikov V.N. Toponymic dictionary of the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea. Krasnodar, 2008.
7. Kokov J.N. Adyghe (Circassian) toponymy. Nalchik, 1974.
8. Lulye L.A. Map of the Trans-Kuban mountain peoples. Tiflis, 1857.
9. Meretukov K.Kh. Adyghe toponymic dictionary. M., 1990.
10. Meretukov K.Kh. Adyghe toponymic dictionary. Maykop, 1981.
11. Meretukov K.Kh. From toponymy and hydronymy of Adygea. Scientific notes. Volume XIV. Linguistics. Maykop, 1972.
12. Samoilenko A.A., Koveshnikov V.N. etc. In the vicinity of Krasnodar. Krasnodar, 1988.
13. Tverdy A.V. Caucasus in names. Krasnodar, 2008.
14. Khan-Girey. Notes about Circassia. 2nd edition. Nalchik, 1992.
"ECOLOGICAL WATCH IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS"
MASSIVE CLAWING IS GOING IN HOT SPRINGS
TREES IN THE FLOODLAND OF THE PSEKUPS RIVER
The city authorities, pursuing commercial interests,
neglected the rights of residents of houses in microdistrict No. 1
The city of Goryachiy Klyuch (Krasnodar Territory) is considered a resort, and it is even called a “green city,” but recently it has turned into a stone city, seemingly consisting of only curbs and tiles. This is a consequence of the fact that perennial trees that provided life-giving shade within the city are cut down, and flowers and shrubs are planted in their place. As a result, wherever you go, the sun is everywhere.
One of the manifestations of this policy of the city authorities, which destroys the favorable environment of the city, is the destruction of trees in the floodplain of the Psekups River near microdistrict No. 1. Large trees grow in the floodplain. From the windows of the houses there is a beautiful view; a huge number of birds live in the trees. This floodplain forest plays a vital role in the lives of the residents of the neighborhood. However, someone's commercial interests turned out to be more important than our constitutional right to a healthy environment.
In 2007, the first attempt was made to cut down this narrow floodplain strip of forest for the construction of a new multi-story building (it was going to be built on stilts, since the soil there is swampy - this is the floodplain of the river!). Then, when contacting the city environmental service, the answer was given: “Don’t interfere, there are such people and such money involved that neither you nor We can do anything.” However, after collective letters from residents to all authorities in the Krasnodar Territory, construction was banned, but a large area of the forest was cut down - and now there is a huge wasteland there.
And this year a new attack on the floodplain forest began. June 11, 2009 on the day before the holiday, they brought equipment to the microdistrict and actively began cutting down trees right under the windows of residential buildings. We contacted the tree felling manager and received the following response: “The mayor of the city sold us this land, a military camp will be built here. A dam will be erected and multi-storey buildings (9 storeys) will be built on it. Everything has been agreed upon right up to the regional authorities. Don’t interfere!! Everything here will be cut down over the weekend.”. After this, we called the city administration, where we were told that everything was being carried out on the basis of the order of the head of Goryachy Klyuch, Olga Maznichenko.
We sent letters to the President of Russia, the Prosecutor General, the Governor of the region, the Public Chamber, the Regional Office of Rosprirodnazor, and the Forestry Department. They called the regional water resources service, the dispatcher replied that this did not concern them, and advised them to call the regional administration. They called regional television, they promised to call us back, but they disappeared. The felling continued on June 12, but after the arrival of some people and after their long negotiations with the workers, the latter packed up and left.
On June 15, we submitted a statement to the city prosecutor's office, which was signed by residents of houses No. 211, No. 211A and No. 213 with a request to understand the situation and familiarize us with the documents on the basis of which trees are being cut down in the river floodplain. However, the answer has not yet been received.
On June 16, we sent a letter to the head of the city, Olga Maznichenko, with a request to clarify on what basis permission was given to allocate a construction site in the protected zone of the Psekups River. On June 17, we had a reception with the deputy head, where the chief architect of the city was present. They said that the land was sold for the construction of a multi-storey complex, but an embankment will be built, a park will be laid out, and they don’t know where the houses will be and in what quantity, since there is no project yet. To the question: “If there is no project, why is there a clear cutting of trees?” They replied that they would sort it out. On June 18, equipment arrived to remove what had already been dumped.
And on June 26, the complete destruction of trees began. On June 27 and 28, such a large number of trees were cut down that a wasteland was formed and the river bed became visible. Bird nests have been destroyed. Now we listen to the noise of the highway. There are no more birds!
The residents' patience ran out, and on June 29 and 30 they simply did not allow equipment and loggers into the territory. Only this could stop the deforestation.
On June 30, we received a response that our complaint to the President of Russia had been sent for consideration to the administration of the Krasnodar Territory, and from there to the administration of the city of Goryachiy Klyuch. Wait for the results. Those. The President forwarded our complaint to those against whom we complained.
On the same day in the evening there was a meeting of residents of the microdistrict (houses No. 211, 211A, 211B, 211B, 213, 215, 199, 207, etc.), which was attended by representatives of the city administration. Not a single document was presented to us. Instead they stated: “This land belonged to the municipality and it had the right to sell it. We are not obliged to show you anything. There is no river protection zone here. There is only a bank protection strip in 20 meters . Where do you see trees here? This is trash. Willows and poplars are not trees. Permission has been given to cut down more than 500 trees, but the construction company will have to replenish this number of trees after construction is completed." .
Faced with civil resistance from residents, city authorities began collecting information about the members of the initiative group (who, where they work, etc.). Obviously, in order to put pressure on them. On local television, by order of the authorities, a report was “slapped up” in which representatives of the administration stated that the construction of a multi-storey building in this area had been planned for a long time, there is a project, there are permits and examinations from ecologists, geologists, and all other organizations since 2007 . They showed that this was just a garbage dump (at the same time they showed a cleared-out wasteland with uncollected sticks and branches, claiming that all this had been here for a long time). The situation was presented in such a way that residents were allegedly against cleaning up this landfill and creating a park. But we know very well that there will be no park, but several high-rise buildings will be erected and a number of trees will be planted that will not take root due to the heat.
According to the Water Code, one of the principles on which water legislation and regulations issued in accordance with it are based is the participation of citizens and public associations in resolving issues related to rights to water bodies. Citizens and public associations have the right to take part in the preparation of decisions, the implementation of which may have an impact on water bodies during their use and protection. State authorities, local self-government bodies, subjects of economic and other activities are obliged to ensure the possibility of such participation in the manner and in the forms established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. However, the authorities of Goryachy Klyuch deprived residents of microdistrict No. 1 of this right. The authorities' actions also violate many other provisions of water legislation.
On behalf of the residents of the microdistrict, I appeal to government bodies, public organizations, deputies, and the media with a request to protect us from lawlessness and arbitrariness on the part of the Administration of the city of Goryachy Klyuch, whose actions, authorizing the felling and development of the floodplain of the Psekups River, violate our constitutional right to favorable environment.
Zalina KUSOVA
(Resident of microdistrict No. 1 of the city of Goryachy Klyuch)