Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. See what "ozho" is in other dictionaries
This happened after the entry into force of the Chemical Weapons Convention, which opened for signature in January 1993.
The goal of the OPCW is the complete elimination of chemical weapons throughout the world. The organization's primary mission is to verify the destruction of all existing chemical weapons and take steps to ensure that no more chemical weapons are produced. The OPCW provides assistance and protection to its member states if they are threatened or attacked by chemical weapons. The OPCW also encourages international cooperation in the development of peaceful chemistry.
The OPCW is an independent international organization acting in the interests of its member states. The OPCW cooperates with the United Nations (UN). Like the UN, the six official languages are English, Arabic, Spanish, Chinese, Russian and French.
Every year, within the framework of the OPCW, sessions of its executive bodies are held. Four times a year - by the Executive Council and at the end of the year by the Conference of States Parties.
The specially created Technical Secretariat of the OPCW maintains constant contact with the national authorities of the member states on the implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and Their Destruction, and assists them in the development of national legislation governing the implementation of the convention at the national level. The Technical Secretariat has at its disposal an effective instrument for monitoring compliance with the Convention - the Inspectorate, which carries out verifications through inspections.
The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and Their Destruction (CWC) was the first multilateral agreement to provide for the destruction of an entire type of weapon of mass destruction—chemical weapons—and to ban their development, production, stockpiling and use.
The six States Parties (Albania State Party, India, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, the Russian Federation and the United States of America) that have declared possession of chemical weapons must destroy 8.67 million items, including ammunition and containers containing a total of approximately 71 thousand metric tons of highly toxic toxic substances.
As of the end of September 2013, approximately 58 thousand metric tons or 81.71% of the world's declared stockpile of approximately 71 thousand metric tons of chemicals had been destroyed under control. Also under control, 4.97 million or 57.32% of the total number of chemical munitions and containers covered by the CWC, numbering 8.67 million, were destroyed.
During the period from the entry into force of the CWC from April 1997 to September 30, 2013, the OPCW carried out about 5.3 thousand inspections on the territory of 86 member states, including 2.7 thousand inspections at chemical weapons-related facilities. Of the 228 declared chemical weapons-related sites, 228 were inspected.
The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources
English, French, Russian, Chinese, Spanish, Arabic
Ahmet Uzumcu
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)- an international organization created with the support of the UN on April 29, 1997, after the entry into force of the Chemical Weapons Convention, opened for signature in January 1993.
The main objectives are to ensure monitoring of compliance with the ban on the use of chemical weapons, the elimination of their stockpiles, promoting the development of cooperation in the field of peaceful chemistry, assisting states in ensuring protection against chemical weapons, and ensuring the non-proliferation of chemical weapons.
The headquarters is located in The Hague (Netherlands).
Structure of the OPCW
The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons has three main bodies: Conference of States Parties, Executive Council and Technical Secretariat.
Conference of States Parties
The Conference of States Parties is the main organ of the OPCW. It consists of all members of the Organization. The meeting meets at least once a year and considers issues within the scope of the Convention. The Conference shall supervise the implementation of the Convention, take measures to promote its object and purpose, and review its compliance. The Conference oversees the activities of the Executive Council and the Technical Secretariat. Once every five years, the Conference of States Parties meets in special session to review the operation of the Convention.
The OPCW Executive Council is the executive body of the Organization. A report on activities is presented at the annual meeting of the Conference. The Executive Council acts in accordance with the decisions of the Conference and ensures their implementation. The task of the Executive Council is to promote the implementation and compliance with the Convention, overseeing the activities of the Technical Secretariat. The Executive Council consists of 41 members. Each member state has the right to be a member of the Executive Council. Meetings of the Executive Council are held four times a year or more if required by member states of the council or the Conference.
Technical Secretariat
The Technical Secretariat assists the Conference and the Executive Council in the performance of their functions. The Technical Secretariat carries out the measures provided for by the Convention to verify its compliance, receives and systematizes initial and annual data from member states (information on chemical weapons stockpiles, former chemical weapons production facilities, etc.). The Technical Secretariat consists of a Director General (appointed by the Conference of States Parties on the recommendation of the Executive Council), who is its head and chief administrative officer, inspectors and other political, administrative and technical personnel.
Chemical disarmament
As of early 2004, 95% of States Parties had submitted their data to the OPCW. Six states have declared that they have stockpiles of chemical weapons (Albania, India, Libya, Russia, the United States and another state party that wished not to be named in official OPCW documents). In total, these reserves amounted to about 70 thousand tons of toxic substances of various types. Of these, nerve agents - VX (28%), sarin (22%), soman (13%) accounted for 63%, blister agents (mainly mustard gas and lewisite) 35%. The remaining 2% came from binary chemical weapons and various toxic wastes.
13 states declared existing 64 facilities at the time of accession to the Convention or past chemical weapons production capacities (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, China, France, India, Libya, Iran, Japan, Russia, UK, USA, Yugoslavia and in another state -participant).
At the beginning of 2004, States Parties had declared 5,466 civil chemical industry facilities to be subject to the chemical industry inspection regime, as well as the transfer of scheduled chemicals contained in the Convention.
Between 1997 and the beginning of 2004, the OPCW destroyed more than 8 thousand tons of toxic substances in 4 states that declared they had stockpiles of chemical weapons. On April 29, 2003, Russia completed the first stage of destruction of Category I chemical weapons provided for by the Convention, eliminating 400 tons of toxic substances (1% of the total stockpile) at the first Russian destruction facility in the village. Gorny, Saratov region.
OPCW inspection activities
The inspection department of the Technical Secretariat is responsible for the preparation, planning and analysis of inspection results.
The majority of inspection activity (about 60% of inspections) is carried out at chemical weapons-related facilities. At chemical weapons destruction facilities (CWDFs), the constant presence of inspectors is ensured during their operation. Thus, in 2003, 74 rotations of inspectors were carried out at the CWDF. In 2002, 85 such inspections were carried out.
The Chemical Weapons Convention provides for the possibility of inspections upon request. A challenge inspection may be carried out in any State Party at the request of another State Party, without right of refusal, for the purpose of clarifying or resolving any question concerning possible non-compliance with the Convention. The requesting State is required to limit the inspection request to the scope of the Convention and to provide in the request all relevant information giving rise to the concern. Each participating State must refrain from making unreasonable requests, avoiding abuse. The inspected State is required to provide access within the requested location solely for the purpose of establishing facts relevant to the concern regarding possible non-compliance with the Convention. But during the years of the Convention, not a single state party has requested such inspections.
The Convention provides for assistance and protection to States Parties in the event of the use or threat of use of chemical weapons against them. In accordance with the provisions of the Convention, such assistance may include the provision to States Parties of detection equipment and alarm systems, protective and decontamination equipment and means of decontamination, medical antidotes and treatments, as well as advice on any protective measures.
In accordance with the Convention, each State Party undertook the obligation either to contribute to the voluntary fund of assistance that was established at the first Conference of States Parties, or to declare what kind of assistance it would provide when called upon by the Organization.
The international cooperation
States Parties have the right to research, develop, produce, acquire, retain, transfer and use chemicals, exchange equipment and scientific and technical information for purposes not prohibited by the Convention. The Convention also states that its parties shall not establish among themselves any restrictions that would restrain or impede trade, as well as the development and dissemination of scientific and technical knowledge in the field of chemistry for industrial, agricultural, research, medical, pharmaceutical or other peaceful purposes.
The organization carries out a number of programs aimed at promoting cooperation in the field of chemistry. These programs are aimed at training scientists and engineers from developing countries or countries with economies in transition, supporting the holding of seminars and conferences on the development of the chemical industry, trade in chemicals, etc. The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, which has been ensuring the ban on chemical weapons for seven years , is one of the main components of the international security system, working to destroy the most dangerous type of weapons of mass destruction.
see also
Links
- OPCW website
- Issues of disarmament and limiting the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons
- example of an agreement between the OPCW and a state party “On chemical weapons”
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see also |
The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) was created to monitor implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention.
The Nobel Committee said in a statement that the work of the OPCW has made the use of chemical weapons unacceptable under international law. Its members stressed that the events in Syria, where chemical weapons were used, were a reminder of the need to strengthen measures to combat chemical weapons.
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon: “Like the UN, the OPCW was born out of outrage over the horrors of war.”
In his speech, OPCW Director General Ahmet Üzümcü noted the joint work with the United Nations within the framework of the OPCW-UN Joint Mission to Eliminate Chemical Weapons in Syria. According to him, never in the history of its existence has the OPCW overseen the destruction of a large arsenal of chemical weapons in a short time during a civil war.
Congratulating the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said: “Like the UN, the OPCW was born out of outrage over the horrors of war. We have come a long way from the battlefield to laboratories and to the negotiating table. The UN is honored to work hand in hand with the OPCW to eliminate the threat posed by chemical weapons to all people at all times.”
Video
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon congratulated the OPCW on receiving the Nobel Peace Prize and noted that the OPCW's recognition comes "nearly 100 years after the first chemical weapons attack and 50 days after the horrific use of chemical weapons in Syria."
Consideration of key points of the Chemical Weapons Convention. Study of the main activities and programs of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, its structure, functions of the executive board and technical secretariat.
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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF RUSSIA
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education
RUSSIAN STATE HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY
OMOiZR IAI RSUH
Abstract on International Humanitarian Organizations
Mosheev Timur Arturovich
Moscow 2013
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)-- an international organization created with the support of the UN on April 29, 1997, after the entry into force of the Chemical Weapons Convention, which was opened for signature in January 1993.
Key points of the Convention:
· Prohibition of the production and use of chemical weapons
· Elimination (or other use) of chemical weapons production facilities
· Destruction of all stockpiles of chemical weapons (including stockpiles located outside the territory of the state)
· Mutual assistance between states and interaction with the OPCW in the event of the use of chemical weapons
· OPCW inspections to control the production of chemicals that can be used to make chemical weapons
· International cooperation in the peaceful uses of chemicals in relevant fields
In 2013, the OPCW awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
The main tasks are to ensure control over compliance with the ban on the use of chemical weapons, the elimination of their stockpiles, promoting the development of cooperation in the field of peaceful chemistry, assisting states in ensuring protection against chemical weapons, and ensuring the non-proliferation of chemical weapons.
The headquarters is located in The Hague (Netherlands).
Structure of the OPCW
The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons has three main bodies: the Conference of States Parties, the Executive Council and the Technical Secretariat.
Conference of States Parties
The Conference of States Parties is the main body of the OPCW. It consists of all members of the Organization. The meeting meets at least once a year and considers issues within the scope of the Convention. The Conference shall supervise the implementation of the Convention, take measures to promote its object and purpose, and review its compliance. The Conference oversees the activities of the Executive Council and the Technical Secretariat. Once every five years, the Conference of States Parties meets in special session to review the operation of the Convention.
Executive Council
The OPCW Executive Council is the executive body of the Organization. A report on activities is presented at the annual meeting of the Conference. The Executive Council acts in accordance with the decisions of the Conference and ensures their implementation. The task of the Executive Council is to promote the implementation and compliance with the Convention, overseeing the activities of the Technical Secretariat. The Executive Council consists of 41 members. Each member state has the right to be a member of the Executive Council. Meetings of the Executive Council are held four times a year or more if required by member states of the council or the Conference.
Technical Secretariat
The Technical Secretariat assists the Conference and the Executive Council in the performance of their functions. The Technical Secretariat carries out the measures provided for by the Convention to verify its compliance, receives and systematizes initial and annual data from member states (information on chemical weapons stockpiles, former chemical weapons production facilities, etc.). The Technical Secretariat consists of a Director General (appointed by the Conference of States Parties on the recommendation of the Executive Council), who is its head and chief administrative officer, inspectors and other political, administrative and technical personnel.
Chemical disarmament
As of early 2004, 95% of States Parties had submitted their data to the OPCW. Six states have declared that they have stockpiles of chemical weapons (Albania, India, Libya, Russia, the United States and another state party that wished not to be named in official OPCW documents). In total, these reserves amounted to about 70 thousand tons of toxic substances of various types. Of these, nerve agents - VX (28%), sarin (22%), soman (13%) accounted for 63%, blister agents (mainly mustard gas and lewisite) 35%. The remaining 2% came from binary chemical weapons and various toxic wastes.
13 states declared 64 existing chemical weapons production facilities at the time of joining the Convention or in the past (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, China, France, India, Libya, Iran, Japan, Russia, Great Britain, USA, Yugoslavia and in another state -participant).
At the beginning of 2004, States Parties had declared 5,466 civil chemical industry facilities to be subject to the chemical industry inspection regime and the transfer of scheduled chemicals contained in the Convention.
Between 1997 and the beginning of 2004, the OPCW destroyed more than 8 thousand tons of toxic substances in 4 states that declared they had stockpiles of chemical weapons. On April 29, 2003, Russia completed the first stage of destruction of Category I chemical weapons provided for by the Convention, eliminating 400 tons of toxic substances (1% of the total stockpile) at the first Russian destruction facility in the village. Gorny, Saratov region.
Between the entry into force of the CWC (April 1997) and September 30, 2013, the OPCW conducted 5,286 inspections on the territory of 86 States Parties, including 2,731 inspections at chemical weapons-related facilities. Of the 228 declared chemical weapons-related sites, 228 were inspected.
· 100% of declared chemical weapons stockpiles have been inventoried and verified.
· 180 initial advertisements received.
· 100% of declared chemical weapons production facilities (CWPF) have been decommissioned. All are subject to an unprecedentedly stringent vetting regime. Of the 70 declared CWPFs, 65 were issued certificates of destruction (43) or conversion for peaceful purposes. (22). The 13 States Parties that have declared chemical weapons production facilities (CWPFs) include: Bosnia and Herzegovina, China, France, India, Islamic Republic of Iran, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Russian Federation, Serbia, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America , France, Japan and one other participating State.
Formal proficiency checks of Member State laboratories are conducted to select and qualify Member State laboratories and train their personnel to analyze chemical weapons-related compounds when authentic samples need to be analyzed off-site. 20 laboratories have been designated.
OPCW inspection activities
The inspection department of the Technical Secretariat is responsible for the preparation, planning and analysis of inspection results.
The majority of inspection activity (about 60% of inspections) is carried out at chemical weapons-related facilities. At chemical weapons destruction facilities (CWDFs), the constant presence of inspectors is ensured during their operation. Thus, in 2003, 74 rotations of inspectors were carried out at the CWDF. In 2002, 85 such inspections were carried out.
The Chemical Weapons Convention provides for the possibility of inspections upon request. A challenge inspection may be carried out in any State Party at the request of another State Party, without right of refusal, for the purpose of clarifying or resolving any question concerning possible non-compliance with the Convention. The requesting State is required to limit the inspection request to the scope of the Convention and to provide in the request all relevant information giving rise to the concern. Each participating State must refrain from making unreasonable requests, avoiding abuse. The inspected State is required to provide access within the requested location solely for the purpose of establishing facts relevant to the concern regarding possible non-compliance with the Convention. But during the years of the Convention, not a single state party has requested such inspections.
The Convention provides for assistance and protection to States Parties in the event of the use or threat of use of chemical weapons against them. In accordance with the provisions of the Convention, such assistance may include the provision to States Parties of detection equipment and alarm systems, protective and decontamination equipment and means of decontamination, medical antidotes and treatments, as well as advice on any protective measures.
In accordance with the Convention, each State Party undertook the obligation either to contribute to the voluntary fund of assistance that was established at the first Conference of States Parties, or to declare what kind of assistance it would provide when called upon by the Organization.
The global chemical industry produces compounds that we cannot live without in our daily lives. If used inappropriately, some common chemicals - either on their own or through further synthesis with other substances - can be used as chemical weapons.
Together with governments and with the support of the chemical industry around the world, OPCW member states prevent the proliferation of chemical weapons.
· Between April 1997 and 09/30/2013, the OPCW carried out 5,286 inspections on the territory of 86 States Parties, including 2,555 inspections at industrial facilities. Of the 5,358 declared industrial sites, 1,905 were inspected
· The number of industrial facilities in the world subject to inspection is 4,913.
The international cooperation
States Parties have the right to research, develop, produce, acquire, retain, transfer and use chemicals, exchange equipment and scientific and technical information for purposes not prohibited by the Convention. The Convention also states that its parties shall not establish among themselves any restrictions that would restrain or impede trade, as well as the development and dissemination of scientific and technical knowledge in the field of chemistry for industrial, agricultural, research, medical, pharmaceutical or other peaceful purposes.
Around the world, only 4 states that have not signed the CWC have not taken any action in connection with the Convention (DPRK, Egypt, South Sudan, Angola).
The organization carries out a number of programs aimed at promoting cooperation in the field of chemistry. These programs are aimed at training scientists and engineers from developing countries or countries with economies in transition, supporting the holding of seminars and conferences on the development of the chemical industry, trade in chemicals, etc. The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, which has been ensuring the ban on chemical weapons for seven years , is one of the main components of the international security system, working to destroy the most dangerous type of weapons of mass destruction.
All Member States (190 States) pledged to provide assistance and protection to other Member States in the event of the threat or actual use of chemical weapons against them.
If necessary, the resources of the Voluntary Assistance Fund, as well as individual proposals for the provision of equipment and trained personnel, can be used to promptly provide assistance and expert services.
· The OPCW Technical Secretariat provides courses to train first responder teams, government experts and emergency response personnel in establishing and enhancing national and regional emergency response capabilities and systems to counter the use or threat of use of chemical weapons. These courses were attended by 2,200 participants from Africa (350), Asia (600), Latin America (500) and Eastern Europe (750).
· 78 States Parties offered assistance under Article X, paragraph 7.
· 146 States Parties provided information on national programs related to protection purposes under Article X, paragraph 4.
· 45 states have made contributions to the Voluntary Relief Fund.
· Balance of funds in the Voluntary Relief Fund: 1,362,849.76.
The OPCW's partnership program and internship support program provide specialized training in modern industrial practices and advanced training for chemists and engineers from Member States with developing or transition economies. Industrial internships and research projects provide training in best practice methodology in the safe use of chemicals and implementation of the Convention.
The Technical Secretariat coordinates and organizes regular meetings of National Authorities from different regions of the world. A CD-ROM, a digital video disk on the CWC and information kits on the implementation of the CWC in the thematic area on the Internet have been prepared.
Legal experts have created regional networks to promote national legislation to prohibit and criminalize the illegal use of chemicals as weapons.
The OPCW has created the world's only verifiable and verifiable analytical database containing information on more than 3,400 chemical weapons-related compounds. This database plays an important role in on-site verification by OPCW inspection teams and is also available to Member States.
Formal proficiency checks of Member State laboratories are conducted to select and qualify Member State laboratories and train their personnel to analyze chemical weapons-related compounds when authentic samples need to be analyzed off-site.
The Secretariat supports the exchange of scientific and technical information among Member States to promote the peaceful uses of chemistry. The OPCW also partially funds a number of research projects in developing countries. Research in any of the following areas may be considered for financial support: environmentally friendly technologies for the destruction of hazardous chemicals, analytical systems for the detection of toxic chemicals, safer alternatives to scheduled chemicals, medical treatment for hazardous chemical accidents, and practical applications of natural products in agriculture and medicine.
· During the period from the entry into force of the CWC (29/4/1997) to 31/12/2011, 3,502 participants took advantage of international cooperation programs, including 315 analytical chemists, 265 participants in the Partnership Program, 1,966 participants in the Conference Support Program, 115 interns , these programs supported 239 conferences and 92 laboratories, as well as 437 research projects and 73 donations of used and serviceable equipment.
· Participants were from the following regions: Africa (1,207), Asia (813), Latin America and the Caribbean (545), Eastern Europe (545), and Western Europe and other countries (392).
chemical weapons prohibition convention
Program |
Description |
Recipients |
|
Partnership program |
This program, which began in 2000, promotes capacity building, national implementation of CWCs in industry and the application of best practices in chemical production and safety. |
265 participants from Africa (112), Asia (77), Latin America (43) and Eastern Europe (29) benefited from the program. |
|
Analytical skills development course |
This course, which has been running since 2004, allows qualified analytical chemists to gain additional experience and practical knowledge in the analysis of chemicals relevant to national implementation of the CWC. |
These courses were attended by 315 chemists from Africa (130), Asia (70), Latin America (56) and Eastern Europe (53). |
|
Conference support program |
This program, which has been in operation since 1997, promotes the exchange of scientific and technical information, provides financial support for the organization of conferences, workshops and seminars on special topics relevant to the CWC, and promotes participation in such events. |
These events were attended by 1,966 people from Africa (610), Asia (430), Eastern Europe (381), Latin America and the Caribbean (241). In addition, the OPCW provided financial support for 239 events in Africa (56), Asia (53), Eastern Europe (44) and Latin America (16). |
|
Research Projects Program |
This program, which has been in operation since 1997, provides assistance to small-scale research projects in selected countries to develop scientific and technical knowledge in the field of chemistry for industrial, agricultural, research, medical and other peaceful purposes relevant to the CWC. |
Thanks to this program, 437 projects were implemented in Africa (153), Asia (135), Eastern Europe (8) and Latin America (137). |
|
Internship support program |
Scientists and engineers from developing countries are conducting advanced research in laboratories in industrialized countries. |
To date, the OPCW has supported 115 trainees from Africa (68), Asia (20), Eastern Europe (9) and Latin America (17). |
|
Laboratory Assistance Program |
This program has been running since 1997 and aims to improve the technical competence of laboratories involved in chemical analysis and control. |
This program involved 92 laboratories from Africa (48), Asia (19), Eastern Europe (8) and Latin America (16). |
|
Equipment exchange program |
This program facilitates the transfer of used and serviceable equipment to government laboratories and other scientific institutions in developing countries from institutions in industrialized countries. |
There were 73 transfers of equipment to countries in Africa (30), Asia (9), Eastern Europe (13) and Latin America (19). |
The 2013 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). The prize is awarded for "her extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons," Norway's Nobel Committee announced Friday. The committee said in a statement that since the entry into force of the Chemical Weapons Convention in 1997, the OPCW has "through inspection, destruction and other means, sought to implement this convention."
“The conventions and the work of the OPCW have made it possible to ensure that the use of chemical weapons is considered a violation of international law. Recent events in Syria, where chemical weapons were again used, have emphasized the need to intensify efforts to get rid of such weapons,” the Nobel Committee noted in a press release. Moscow welcomed the decision to award the 2013 Nobel Peace Prize. Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). This was reported by the Department of Information and Press of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) of the Russian Federation.
However, it states that “some countries, especially Russia and the United States, did not comply with the deadline for the destruction of chemical weapons stockpiles, which expired in April 2012.” In general, the award is not bad. But, according to serious experts, it was awarded as if in advance. The disarmament of Syria is just beginning, and it is still unknown which member of the OPCW will behave in this Middle East story.
The organization's experts are currently working to destroy the chemical weapons arsenal in Syria. On September 27, the OPCW Executive Council approved a plan for the complete elimination of Damascus' chemical weapons stockpile, which is expected to be completed by mid-2014. On the same day, the UN Security Council adopted a resolution making this decision binding and providing for the adoption of measures including sanctions or military force in case of disobedience.
Sources
1. Official website of the OPCW: http://www.opcw.org
2. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs considered it premature to discuss the details of the elimination of chemical weapons in Syria [Electronic resource] // Vzglyad.ru. URL: http://www.vz.ru/news/2013/10/19/655690.html
3. The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the OPCW [Electronic resource] // TVTs.ru. URL: http://www.tvc.ru/news/show/id/18716
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Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)- an international organization created with the support of the UN on April 29, after the entry into force of the Chemical Weapons Convention, opened for signature in January 1993.
The main objectives are to ensure monitoring of compliance with the ban on the use of chemical weapons, the elimination of their stockpiles, promoting the development of cooperation in the field of peaceful chemistry, assisting states in ensuring protection against chemical weapons, and ensuring the non-proliferation of chemical weapons.
The headquarters is located in The Hague (Netherlands).
Structure of the OPCW
The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons has three main bodies: Conference of States Parties, Executive Council and Technical Secretariat.
Conference of States Parties
The Conference of States Parties is the main organ of the OPCW. It consists of all members of the Organization. The meeting meets at least once a year and considers issues within the scope of the Convention. The Conference shall supervise the implementation of the Convention, take measures to promote its object and purpose, and review its compliance. The Conference oversees the activities of the Executive Council and the Technical Secretariat. Once every five years, the Conference of States Parties meets in special session to review the operation of the Convention.
The OPCW Executive Council is the executive body of the Organization. A report on activities is presented at the annual meeting of the Conference. The Executive Council acts in accordance with the decisions of the Conference and ensures their implementation. The task of the Executive Council is to promote the implementation and compliance with the Convention, overseeing the activities of the Technical Secretariat. The Executive Council consists of 41 members. Each member state has the right to be a member of the Executive Council. Meetings of the Executive Council are held four times a year or more if required by member states of the council or the Conference.
Technical Secretariat
The Technical Secretariat assists the Conference and the Executive Council in the performance of their functions. The Technical Secretariat carries out the measures provided for by the Convention to verify its compliance, receives and systematizes initial and annual data from member states (information on chemical weapons stockpiles, former chemical weapons production facilities, etc.). The Technical Secretariat consists of a Director General (appointed by the Conference of States Parties on the recommendation of the Executive Council), who is its head and chief administrative officer, inspectors and other political, administrative and technical personnel.
Chemical disarmament
As of early 2004, 95% of States Parties had submitted their data to the OPCW. Six states have declared that they have stockpiles of chemical weapons (Albania, India, Libya, Russia, the United States and another state party that wished not to be named in official OPCW documents). In total, these reserves amounted to about 70 thousand tons of toxic substances of various types. Of these, nerve agents - VX (28%), sarin (22%), soman (13%) accounted for 63%, blister agents (mainly mustard gas and lewisite) 35%. The remaining 2% came from binary chemical weapons and various toxic wastes.
13 states declared existing 64 facilities at the time of accession to the Convention or past chemical weapons production capacities (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, China, France, India, Libya, Iran, Japan, Russia, UK, USA, Yugoslavia and another state -participant).
At the beginning of 2004, States Parties had declared 5,466 civil chemical industry facilities to be subject to the chemical industry inspection regime, as well as the transfer of scheduled chemicals contained in the Convention.
Between 1997 and the beginning of 2004, the OPCW destroyed more than 8 thousand tons of toxic substances in 4 states that declared they had stockpiles of chemical weapons. On April 29, 2003, Russia completed the first stage of destruction of Category I chemical weapons provided for by the Convention, eliminating 400 tons of toxic substances (1% of the total stockpile) at the first Russian destruction facility in the village. Gorny, Saratov region.
OPCW inspection activities
The inspection department of the Technical Secretariat is responsible for the preparation, planning and analysis of inspection results.
The majority of inspection activity (about 60% of inspections) is carried out at chemical weapons-related facilities. At chemical weapons destruction facilities (CWDFs), the constant presence of inspectors is ensured during their operation. Thus, in 2003, 74 rotations of inspectors were carried out at the CWDF. In 2002, 85 such inspections were carried out.
The Chemical Weapons Convention provides for the possibility of inspections upon request. A challenge inspection may be carried out in any State Party at the request of another State Party, without right of refusal, for the purpose of clarifying or resolving any question concerning possible non-compliance with the Convention. The requesting State is required to limit the inspection request to the scope of the Convention and to provide in the request all relevant information giving rise to the concern. Each participating State must refrain from making unreasonable requests, avoiding abuse. The inspected State is required to provide access within the requested location solely for the purpose of establishing facts relevant to the concern regarding possible non-compliance with the Convention. But during the years of the Convention, not a single state party has requested such inspections.
The Convention provides for assistance and protection to States Parties in the event of the use or threat of use of chemical weapons against them. In accordance with the provisions of the Convention, such assistance may include the provision to States Parties of detection equipment and alarm systems, protective and decontamination equipment and means of decontamination, medical antidotes and treatments, as well as advice on any protective measures.
In accordance with the Convention, each State Party undertook the obligation either to contribute to the voluntary fund of assistance that was established at the first Conference of States Parties, or to declare what kind of assistance it would provide when called upon by the Organization.
The international cooperation
States Parties have the right to research, develop, produce, acquire, retain, transfer and use chemicals, exchange equipment and scientific and technical information for purposes not prohibited by the Convention. The Convention also states that its parties shall not establish among themselves any restrictions that would restrict or impede trade, as well as the development and dissemination of scientific and technical knowledge in the field of chemistry for industrial, agricultural, research, medical, pharmaceutical or other peaceful purposes.
The organization carries out a number of programs aimed at promoting cooperation in the field of chemistry. These programs are aimed at training scientists and engineers from developing countries or countries with economies in transition, supporting the holding of seminars and conferences on the development of the chemical industry, trade in chemicals, etc. The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, which has been ensuring the ban on chemical weapons for seven years , is one of the main components of the international security system, working to destroy the most dangerous type of weapons of mass destruction.
Links
- issues of disarmament and limiting the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons
- example of an agreement between the OPCW and a state party “On chemical weapons”
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