Optical phenomenon in clouds. Natural anomalies and phenomena
Gloria- An optical phenomenon in the atmosphere, which is a colored circle around the shadow of the observer’s head... Dictionary of Geography
Contents 1 Name 2 Movies 3 Geography ... Wikipedia
Catholic hymn corresponding to our "Glory to God in the highest." Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Pavlenkov F., 1907. GLORIA in Latin glory, Catholic. hymn. A complete dictionary of foreign words that came into use in... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
- (from Latin gloria decoration; halo) an optical phenomenon in the atmosphere; represents colored rings around the shadow of the observer (or an object located near him), which falls on a cloud or layer of fog. G. is often observed in the mountains... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Gloria- gloria, and (optical phenomenon) ... Russian spelling dictionary
To improve this article, it is desirable?: Find and arrange in the form of footnotes links to authoritative sources confirming what has been written. Check the article for grammatical and spelling errors. Doba... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Halo (meanings). Halo around the Moon ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Rainbow (meanings). Rainbow over Lake Ladoga ... Wikipedia
Rainbow over Lake Ladoga Rainbow is an atmospheric optical and meteorological phenomenon, usually observed after rain or before it. It looks like an arc or circle made up of the colors of the spectrum. Looking from the outside to the inside of the arc: red, ... ... Wikipedia
So I decided to make a couple of reviews on phenomena, anomalies and other mysticism of natural madness. Well, sometimes she wants to make fun of ignorant people, and, I tell you, she does it with taste and skill. Phenomena are rare, little studied, little observed, and therefore incomprehensible to most mere mortals. Nature takes advantage of this, throws up all sorts of Halos and Parhelias, people go nuts, throw videos on YouTube, create panic on TV and controversial battles about aliens and saints. The picture turns out, I’ll tell you) Idyll - everyone is happy.
So, water rushed through the pipes. I will give examples of the most interesting natural phenomena (I looked for photos and information from various sources). The rest, if you are interested, look for it yourself, Google will help you)))
Antihelium, Halo, Subhalo, Gloria, Parhelium, Light Column, etc... All these strange and incomprehensible words are united by the fact that phenomena are associated with a light source - almost always the sun and less often the moon. Previously, and even now, all sorts of signs, phenomena, mysticism, etc. were attributed. Although in fact there is nothing anomalous here - simple physics that someone diligently missed at school or institute. It’s just a rare phenomenon - that’s all the mysticism)))
Antihelium (anti-sun)- a rare atmospheric optical phenomenon in which a bright white spot appears in the sky - a “second sun”, located at the same height above the horizon as the real one, but opposite to the latter. The appearance of antihelium is due to the refraction and internal reflection of light in a suspension of tiny ice crystals in the atmosphere. Sometimes antihelium is the name given to a faint halo surrounding the shadow of an object cast on a cloud or layer of fog.
Halo, roughly speaking, a rainbow around the sun. A rainbow that is not created by water droplets (like a regular rainbow), but a rainbow that is created by ice crystals. You can observe a halo in the sky at any time of the year, night and day, around the sun or moon, and even around lanterns or lamps (the latter is only possible in cold weather).
A halo is an atmospheric optical phenomenon, just like rainbows and northern lights. The nature of this phenomenon is the dispersion of light in ice crystals. Unlike water droplets (which differ only in size), ice crystals come in different shapes and can fly through the air in different ways: floating, spinning, falling slowly, etc. Therefore, a rainbow always appears in one place in the sky (you need to stand with your back to the sun to see it), and there are different types of halos (about a hundred). You can read more in this article.
refraction of light in crystals:
lunar halo:
Light (or solar) pole- one of the most common types of halo, a visual phenomenon, an optical effect, which is a vertical strip of light stretching from the sun during sunset or sunrise. The phenomenon is caused by hexagonal flat or columnar ice crystals with almost horizontal parallel flat surfaces. Flat crystals suspended in the air cause solar pillars if the sun is 6 degrees above the horizon or behind it, columnar crystals - if the sun is 20 degrees above the horizon. Crystals tend to take a horizontal position when falling in the air, and the appearance of the light column depends on their relative position. A light column occurs when sunlight reflects off the surfaces of tiny ice crystals, which are ice plates or rods with a hexagonal cross-section suspended in the air. Such crystals form in high cirrus clouds, most often in cirrostratus. At low temperatures, such crystals can also form in lower layers of the atmosphere. Therefore, light pillars are more often observed in the cold season. When a light column is formed, light is reflected either from the top or bottom surface of the ice plate or from the ends or faces of the ice rod.
In rare cases, the light column may be accompanied by a so-called parhelic circle. It is a light stripe that is visible in the sky at the same height as the Sun. Under favorable conditions, it forms a vicious circle passing through the Sun and the false Suns. Light pillars often form around the moon, city lights, and other bright light sources. The pillars coming from low-lying light sources are usually much longer than the solar or lunar pillars. The closer the observer is to the light column, the less the location of the crystals in space affects the appearance of the column.
as an option - a light forest:
Parhelion(from ancient Greek παρα- and ἥλιος “sun” - false sun) - one of the types of halo, looks like a light rainbow spot at the level of the sun. It occurs due to the refraction of sunlight in anisotropically oriented ice crystals floating in the atmosphere.
parhelium with legs or rainbow pillar:
Anti-aircraft arc- one of the types of halo, which is often called an inverted rainbow. Typically observed when there are cirrus clouds in the sky:
Gloria- an optical phenomenon in clouds.
Observed on clouds located directly in front of or below the observer, at a point directly opposite the light source. The observer should be on a mountain or on an airplane, and the light source (Sun or Moon) should be behind him.
It represents a colored crown of light on a cloud around the observer's shadow. There is a bluish ring inside, a reddish outside, and then the rings can be repeated with less intensity. The angular size is much smaller than that of a rainbow - 5...20°, depending on the size of the droplets in the cloud. Gloria is explained by the diffraction of light previously reflected in cloud droplets so that it returns from the cloud in the same direction in which it fell, that is, to the observer.
Brocken ghost, also called a mountain ghost is an enlarged shadow of an observer on the surface of clouds (fog) in the direction opposite to the Sun. The shadow is sometimes surrounded by colored rings (gloria).
The phenomenon can be observed in mountain fog or cloudy conditions, or even from an airplane. But it became famous thanks to the Brocken peak in the Harz Mountains in Germany, where constant fog and the availability of low altitudes allow it to be observed especially often. This contributed to the emergence of a local legend, according to which the phenomenon was given its name. The Brocken Ghost was observed and described by Johann Silberschlag in 1780 and has since been described more than once in the literature about the Harz Mountains. This phenomenon can be seen in any mountainous region, such as Halikala National Park on the island of Maui in Hawaii or in the Welsh mountains.
Ugh...I'm tired! The result is an overview of phenomena related to light. There are also all sorts of phenomena with clouds, angel eyes, northern lights, ball lightning, mirages, etc. Search, Google, my readers... And do not attribute mysticism to these phenomena, although sometimes you really want to)
There is another interesting and rare atmospheric phenomenon - Gloria. A gloria consists of one or more bright, iridescent concentric rings around the aircraft's shadow cast on the underlying cloud. Gloria literally means shine, halo. This phenomenon can be observed even from outer space. Cosmonauts V.V. Kovalenok and A.S. Ivanchenkov observed Gloria from the Salyut-6 orbital station on October 2, 1978. Gloria, in the form of a rainbow halo with an orange-red edge, formed around the direction of the orbital station's shadow onto the cloud cover. At a station flight altitude of 300–400 km and a size of several tens of meters, a shadow of visible dimensions on the surface of the cloud cover could not form. There was only the direction of the station's shadow. Gloria moved along the cloud cover with the station, while its size changed slightly.
Our atmosphere gives a lot of interesting things to the inquisitive and inquisitive observer.
An experienced researcher, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Mikhail Yuryevich Shevchenko, who taught the course “Observational Ufology” at the “Bazis” school that worked at the “Soyuzufotsentr”, described in detail the phenomenon called false sun. It manifests itself during daytime observations. When the upper layers of air are so still that small ice crystals are almost parallel to the horizon, the conditions are created for the appearance of false suns. At these moments, the crystals turn into a kind of celestial mirror: two unusually bright, sharply outlined spots flash to the left or right, or immediately on both sides of the real Sun. There are times when the false sun seems as real as the actual Sun. The reflection may take the form of a fireball floating across the sky. On the side of our daylight, false suns are colored red, and on the opposite side - white or amber. The false sun is usually observed at a distance of 22° (for angular measurements, see the corresponding section) to the left and right of the Sun at the same altitude.
This is the message sent by an eyewitness, believing that he observed a UFO:
“About seven o’clock in the evening an unusual-looking object appeared in the west. It was round in shape and attracted attention with its extreme brightness, comparable to the Sun, located somewhat to the left and approaching sunset. After some time, another, similar to the first, equally bright object appeared to the right of the Sun and at the same distance. Soon he began to slowly move towards the Sun. After a few more minutes, both objects disappeared. All this lasted about half an hour.”
Based on the above description of the false sun, we are unlikely to be mistaken if we attribute this case to the observation of this particular atmospheric phenomenon.
Let's first look at another type of false sun through the eyes of an eyewitness:
“The plane hummed its engines rhythmically, and I dozed off for a while. When I woke up, I looked out the window. The sun was blazing in the dark blue sky. Looking down, I was dumbfounded. Under the wing of the plane, some very bright disk-shaped body was flying on a parallel course and at the same speed. The white disk was flying, standing on its edge. I turned away from the window to attract the attention of my neighbor, and at that moment the plane began to turn. When I pressed myself against the glass again, there was no trace of him.”
In this case, the eyewitness apparently observed a lower false sun - a bright reflection of the Sun in a mirror layer of flat ice crystals located under the aircraft. This reflection is below the horizon as much as the real Sun is above it. Both suns, true and false, are on the same vertical line. The lower sun may well appear directly under the wing of the aircraft and relentlessly “pursue” it. The image is usually stretched into a vertical ellipse. This important detail was precisely noticed by an eyewitness (“standing on the edge”). The brightness of the reflection is almost as good as that of the Sun, which gives the lower false sun the appearance of an opaque “body” against the background of the earth. While the plane is flying straight ahead, the fiery disk does not change its position relative to the plane, but as soon as the plane turns, the false sun either changes position or disappears altogether, which is what happened in the case considered.
The false sun is a little-studied phenomenon, but it is observed by researchers quite often, many times a year.
Most often, a false sun appears as a solar halo element, when the Sun is surrounded by one or two lightly colored circles. The halo is very diverse: these are bright arcs, and pillars of light, and crosses, and horizontal luminous circles, and combinations of all these colorful atmospheric phenomena. To see all this and not be surprised, you need to look at the sky more often.
On January 25, 2006, residents of Saratov observed a rare atmospheric phenomenon: in the morning, three suns simultaneously rose from the horizon and remained on the same horizontal line for some time. There was also a shining corona above the middle luminary.
A similar play of light occurs as a result of the refraction of sunlight in those clouds where there are water crystals formed under the influence of a sharp cold snap. Dean of the Faculty of Physics at Saratov State University Igor Saliy commented on this rare atmospheric phenomenon: “Three suns usually appear in clear weather, when the Sun is low above the horizon and covered with a light haze of clouds. This unique picture is more common in Arctic latitudes, where in winter it is even possible to see a rainbow in the sky.” According to popular belief, these phenomena foreshadow severe frosts.
Many residents of Saratov, from the windows of whose houses only part of the sky is visible, mistook one of the three suns for the true rising luminary.
On March 22, 2003, at dawn, residents of Japan, accustomed to getting up early, were able to witness a unique phenomenon: the Sun changed its shape for a short period of time, becoming square from round. An unusual star rose over the northern prefecture of Hokkaido, in the area of the Strait of Treason. At first it rose from the sea horizon in the shape of a triangle, which then turned into a square. The whole amazing phenomenon took no more than five seconds, after which the Sun became the way it should be - round.
Fortunately, amateur photographer Junichi Yamamoto was able to capture this unique phenomenon. A photograph of the angular Sun made the rounds of almost all Japanese newspapers. Specialists whom journalists asked for comments on the image reported that the unique optical effect was the result of a special refraction of rays over the surface of the sea, the temperature of which was significantly higher than the air temperature. The fact is that on the morning of March 22, it became sharply cold in eastern Hokkaido.
At the same time, some Japanese are confident that the short-term “angularity” of the Sun is nothing more than a sign from above.
Sometimes the sky “throws up” paintings in the form of crosses. In 1955, they observed in the sky of Vorkuta Black cross. Researcher V. I. Golts recorded the following observation by Emma Andreeva from St. Petersburg:
“In 1955, my mother and I were in the Arctic, in Vorkuta. It was winter. One day in February, at about 6 pm, we went to the store. They walked along a narrow path trampled in the snow and looked at their feet. Suddenly raising my eyes, I saw a black cross in the clear gloomy sky. It seemed to me that he represented a continuous line. The mother also raised her head, and when she saw the cross, she immediately hurried. We walked some distance and I raised my head again. The cross was in the same place, that is, at the same height, and was turned in our direction. We went to the store, and when we came out, the sky was empty.”
Circles, or halos, around the Sun and Moon. When the Sun or Moon are visible through light cirrus clouds or through a veil of fog consisting of icy needles, light or rainbow circles of large diameter can be observed around these luminaries, separated from the luminaries by a dark gap. They are called halo.
Other light phenomena are also combined under the name halo: a horizontal circle passing through the luminary, arcs tangent to the circles, false Suns and Moons, pillars of light. All these phenomena occur due to the refraction and reflection of light in ice crystals.
Halos are often observed in the front part of cyclones (as rays pass through Cs clouds) and therefore can serve as signs of their approach.
Crowns. When the Sun and Moon are visible through a thin layer of clouds, you can often see a bright glow surrounding the disk of the star, this is called the crown. The part of the crown adjacent to the luminary is bluish in color, and the outer part is reddish. Sometimes there is no coloration.
With small crowns, you can expect rainy weather; on the contrary, if small crowns turn into large crowns, this means that the droplets in the clouds become smaller and the likelihood of rain decreases.
Dawn. When the sun rises and sets, part of the sky and clouds can be painted in a variety of colors and shades, which is explained by the absorption, refraction and scattering of rays.
The more moisture in the air, the more red the dawn is. Red dawn - bad weather.
Dawns of pink and golden color, caused by dust in the air, often foreshadow dry, windy weather.
From beyond the clouds. If there are many water droplets or dust particles in the troposphere, then due to reflection from them, the rays of the Sun hidden behind the cloud may become visible. In such cases, light stripes are visible, similar to the “rays” of a spotlight that is not facing directly at the observer. This phenomenon is called skyglow.
Rainbow. The phenomenon of a rainbow is explained by the fact that a ray of the Sun falling on a drop and entering it experiences refraction, total internal reflection and then refraction again when leaving it. When refracted, the ray decomposes into its component colors, so a beam of diverging colored rays emerges from the drop, and the red ray, as the least refracted, will be located below, and above it the other colors in the order of the spectrum.
To the question How and under what conditions can one see the “appearance of Gloria”? How is it unusual? given by the author Bluish tint the best answer is Gloria. It represents a colored crown of light on a cloud around the observer's shadow. There is a bluish ring inside, a reddish outside, and then the rings can be repeated with less intensity. The angular size is much smaller than that of a rainbow - 5°...20°, depending on the size of the droplets in the cloud. In China, Gloria is called the “Buddha Light”. Written evidence of sightings from Mount Emei dates back to 63 AD. uh
When light undergoes backscattering (diffraction of light previously reflected in the water crystals of a cloud), it returns from the cloud in the same direction in which it fell, creating an effect called "Gloria". This effect can only be observed on clouds that are directly in front of the viewer or below him, at a point that is on the opposite side to the light source.
Thus, Gloria can only be seen from a mountain or from an airplane, and the light sources (Sun or Moon) must be directly behind the observer. Gloria's rainbow circles are also called Buddha Light in China. In this photo, a beautiful rainbow halo surrounds the shadow of a hot air balloon as it falls on the cloud below.
According to the calculation, the polarization of light at peak brightness is the same for a gloria rainbow and a rain rainbow. This behavior of the calculated rainbow for n = 1.81 fully corresponds to the properties of natural glory noted above. As for the additional rings that occasionally appear in the complete picture of the gloria, the calculation according to the Mie theory does not detect them. The origin of these rings can be explained by the secondary scattering of rainbow rays by ice crystals.
Calculation results using Mie theory for light scattering by droplets with a refractive index of 1.81
The results obtained suggest that the gloria is a backscattering rainbow from spherical drops with a refractive index n = 1.81–1.82. The density of the substance of these droplets, estimated using the Lorentz-Lorentz formula as applied to H2O, turns out to be close to 2.1 g/cm3. Such liquid water is in condensation equilibrium with crystalline ice and is capable of maintaining its state at least down to minus 55°C. The mechanism of formation of such a phase modification of water and its place in the phase hierarchy of the H2O substance are already beyond the narrow framework of cloud physics and are becoming a problem in the physical chemistry of water.
Source:
Answer from I-beam[guru]
In the mountains and at night, if you light a fire under low clouds, your shadow will appear on the clouds and you will have a glowing halo around your head. This phenomenon is called Gloria.
Answer from Barefoot[guru]
Gloria (Latin gloria - decoration; halo) is an optical phenomenon in the clouds.
Observed on clouds located directly in front of or below the observer, at a point directly opposite the light source. The observer should be on a mountain or on an airplane, and the light source (Sun or Moon) should be behind him.
It represents a colored crown of light on a cloud around the observer's shadow. There is a bluish ring inside, a reddish outside, and then the rings can be repeated with less intensity. The angular size is much smaller than that of a rainbow - 5°...20°, depending on the size of the droplets in the cloud.
Gloria is explained by the diffraction of light previously reflected in cloud droplets so that it returns from the cloud in the same direction in which it fell, that is, to the observer.
Here are 25 photos -