Online biography of Vysotsky. Vladimir Vysotsky
Born on January 25, 1938 in Moscow, RSFSR, USSR.
Outstanding Soviet poet, bard, theater and film actor, author of several prose works.
Father - Semyon Vladimirovich (1916-1997) - military signalman, veteran of the Great Patriotic War, colonel. Mother - Nina Maksimovna (1912-2003).
In 1955 he entered the mechanical faculty of the Moscow Civil Engineering Institute, which he left after the first semester.
In 1960 he graduated from the Studio School at the Moscow Art Theater, course P.V. Massalsky.
In 1960-1962 - actor at the Moscow Theater named after A.S. Pushkin.
In 1962-1964 he was an actor at the Moscow Theater of Miniatures.
In 1964-1980 - actor at the Taganka Drama and Comedy Theater.
He made his film debut in 1959 in the episodic role of student Petya in the film “Peers” directed by Vasily Ordynsky.
For a long time, Vysotsky’s talent as a film actor remained undiscovered. As a rule, he got small, dull episodes, but his powerful temperament and extraordinary talent always found an opportunity to manifest themselves in supporting roles. There were only a few main roles in his life - Brusentsov (“Two Comrades Served”), Ryaboy (“Master of the Taiga”), von Koren (“Bad good man"), the arap ("The Tale of how Tsar Peter married the arap"), Zheglov ("The meeting place cannot be changed"), Don Guan "Little tragedies"). All of them are played with brilliance and are marked by high mastery of transformation.
Vladimir Vysotsky was married three times.
The first wife is actress Iza Zhukova.
The second wife is actress Lyudmila Abramova. This marriage produced two sons: Arkady (born November 29, 1962), who became a screenwriter, and Nikita (born August 8, 1964), who, like his parents, became a theater and film artist.
The third wife is French actress of Russian origin Marina Vladi.
Together with the actors of the Taganka Theater, Vysotsky went on tour abroad: to Bulgaria, Hungary, Yugoslavia (BITEF), France, Germany, Poland. Having received permission to go to his wife in France for a private visit, he also managed to visit the USA several times (including concerts in 1979), Canada, Mexico, England, Italy, etc.
V.S. Vysotsky gave more than 1000 concerts in the USSR and abroad.
On January 22, 1980, he recorded on CT in the Kinopanorama program, fragments of which will be shown for the first time in January 1981, and the entire program (running time 1 hour 3 minutes) will be released only in 1987.
Last summer V.S. Vysotsky. Brief chronology.
June 11, 1980 - Vladimir Vysotsky and Marina Vladi saw each other for the last time in France.
June 12, 1980 - after the end of the Taganka Theater tour, which took place in Poland, Vysotsky returns to Moscow.
June 17, 1980 - Vysotsky was confirmed as the director of the new film “The Green Van”.
June 22, 1980 - one of the last concerts Vysotsky in Kaliningrad, where he became ill.
July 3, 1980 - Vysotsky’s performance at the Lyubertsy City Palace of Culture in the Moscow region.
July 13, 1980 - the 217th performance of the play “Hamlet” took place at the Taganka Theater.
July 14, 1980 - during a performance at NIIEM (Moscow), Vladimir Vysotsky performed one of his latest songs- “My sadness, my melancholy... Variation on gypsy themes.”
July 16, 1980 - the last concert in Kaliningrad near Moscow (now Korolev, Moscow region).
July 18, 1980 - last appearance on the stage of his native theater in the play "Hamlet". The last television shooting of the actor after the performance.
July 20, 1980 - last poem: “And there is ice below, and above - I toil between...”
July 23, 1980 - the last telephone conversation between Vladimir Vysotsky and Marina Vladi. On July 29, he was supposed to fly to her in Paris.
Vladimir Vysotsky passed away on Friday, July 25, 1980 at 03:30 in the morning in his Moscow apartment at number 28 on Malaya Gruzinskaya. He was buried on July 28, 1980 at the Vagankovskoye cemetery in Moscow (site No. 1).
Vladimir Semyonovich died in the midst of the Olympic Games held in Moscow. The Soviet authorities tried in every possible way to hide this fact from the people, thereby wanting not to overshadow the Olympic festivities on capital streets. The fact that the country has lost a great poet, artist, bard and actor was evidenced only by two small obituaries in the newspapers “Evening Moscow” and “Soviet Culture” and a modest announcement above the box office window of the Taganka Theater: “The actor Vladimir Vysotsky has died.” Then not a single person returned the ticket, keeping it as a relic. And despite all the obstacles, a huge crowd gathered near the Taganka Theater; people did not leave for several days. On the day of the funeral, many even stood on the roofs of nearby buildings. About 40 thousand people came to say goodbye to their beloved artist.
In 1987, the first film about Vysotsky was released - “Four Meetings with Vladimir Vysotsky,” directed by Eldar Ryazanov. More films will be made in the future by different directors. great amount documentaries And television programs, and based on the novel “Black Candle”, Vladimir Yakanin made the feature film “Fartovy”.
The number of books about Vysotsky is constantly growing - his wives, friends, and creative researchers write about him.
In 2011, a feature film will be released for the first time, telling about the life and work of Vladimir Semyonovich, entitled “Vysotsky. Thank you for being alive.”
The State Cultural Center-Museum of Vladimir Vysotsky has been opened in Moscow. Since 1994, there has been a permanent exhibition on Gogolevsky Boulevard in Moscow - professional and amateur photographs from the life of Vysotsky.
In 1997, the Vladimir Vysotsky Charitable Foundation, the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation and the National Reserve Bank established the annual Vysotsky Prize “Own Track”.
In 1999, the Commonwealth of Taganka Actors staged the play “Air Force” (Vladimir Semyonovich Vysotsky).
Chapter 41 of the cycle “To Be Remembered” by Leonid Filatov is dedicated to the life and work of the actor.
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Moscow, RSFSR, USSR |
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Moscow, RSFSR, USSR |
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USSR State Prize - 1987 |
Origin of the family
The beginning of an artist's career
Mature years
Last days and death
Funeral
Creation
Poetry and songs
Style and theme of songs
Prose and drama
Theater works
Vysotsky and radio
Cinema
Wives and children
Discography
Personal editions
With the participation of Vysotsky
In the USSR and Russia after death
Abroad
Guitars by Vladimir Vysotsky
Bibliography
Onomastics
Cultural and leisure center
Monuments
Coins, medals and stamps
On TV
Interesting Facts
(January 25, 1938, Moscow - July 25, 1980, Moscow) - Soviet poet and performer, actor, author of prose works. Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1987 - posthumously).
Vladimir Vysotsky played dozens of roles in theater and cinema, including Hamlet (Hamlet, W. Shakespeare), Lopakhin (The Cherry Orchard, A. Chekhov). The most notable works in cinema are the films “The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed”, “Little Tragedies”, “Intervention”, “Master of the Taiga”, “Vertical”, “Two Comrades Served”. Actor of the Taganka Drama and Comedy Theater in Moscow, created by Yuri Lyubimov in 1964.
According to the results of a VTsIOM survey conducted in 2010, Vysotsky took second place in the list of “idols of the 20th century” after Yuri Gagarin. A survey conducted by FOM in mid-July 2011 demonstrated that, despite the decline in interest in Vysotsky’s work, the vast majority know Vysotsky, and about 70% responded that they have a positive attitude towards him and consider his work important phenomenon national culture of the 20th century.
Biography
Family
- Father - Semyon Vladimirovich Vysotsky (1915-1997) - a native of Kyiv, military signalman, veteran of the Great Patriotic War, colonel.
- Mother - Nina Maksimovna (nee Seregina, 1912-2003) - a translator by profession German language.
- Uncle - Alexey Vladimirovich Vysotsky, (1919-1977) - writer, participant in the Great Patriotic War, holder of three Orders of the Red Banner.
- Son - Arkady Vladimirovich Vysotsky (November 29, 1962, Moscow) - Russian actor and screenwriter.
- Son - Nikita Vladimirovich Vysotsky (August 8, 1964, Moscow) - Soviet and Russian theater and film actor, director.
Origin of the family
Currently, researchers agree that the Vysotsky family comes from the town of Selets, Pruzhany district, Grodno province, now Brest region, Belarus. The surname is probably associated with the name of the city of Vysokoye, Kamenets district, Brest region.
However, there are two versions about the ancestors of Vladimir Semenovich themselves:
First- according to the memoirs of S. V. Vysotsky and the conclusions of Professor A. Bagdasarov, made on the basis of an analysis of the archives of the Brest Regional Executive Committee.
The poet’s grandfather is also Vladimir Semyonovich Vysotsky (1889, Brest (at that time Brest-Litovsk) - 1962), born into the family of a Russian language teacher, had three higher educations: legal, economic and chemical. At one time he worked professionally as a glassblower. Later he moved to Kyiv.
Grandmother, Daria Alekseevna - medical worker, cosmetologist.
Second- according to Kyiv researchers and cousin poet I. A. Vysotskaya.
Grandfather - Wolf Shliomovich Vysotsky (later Wolf Semenovich and Vladimir Semenovich; 1889-1962), from a family of glassblowers, studied at the Lublin Commercial School, from 1911 he lived in Kyiv, where he studied at the Kiev branch of the Odessa Commercial Institute simultaneously with Isaac Babel, then at Faculty of Law of Kyiv University; During the years of the New Economic Policy, he organized a handicraft workshop for the production of theatrical makeup and a law office. His older brother, Leon Solomonovich (Leibish Shliomovich) Vysotsky, was a famous Kyiv chemical engineer, inventor and organizer of production; niece - champion and winner of the USSR Basketball Cup, Honored Coach of Ukraine Lyudmila Leonovna Yaremenko ( Vysotskaya).
Grandmother - Deborah Evseevna (nee Bronstein), in her second marriage - Daria Alekseevna Semenenko (1891-1970).
According to both versions, the poet’s grandmother, a passionate theatergoer herself, always supported (apparently the only) her grandson’s desire for theatrical work and creativity.
Childhood
Vladimir Vysotsky was born on January 25, 1938, at 9:40 a.m. in Moscow in the maternity hospital (MONIKI hospital) on Third Meshchanskaya Street (house 61/2) (now Shchepkina Street). He spent his early childhood in a Moscow communal apartment on 1st Meshchanskaya Street (now Mira Avenue): “...There is only one restroom for thirty-eight rooms...”- Vysotsky wrote in 1975 about his early childhood. During the Great Patriotic War in 1941 - 1943, he lived with his mother in evacuation in the village of Vorontsovka, 20 km from the regional center - the city of Buzuluk, Chkalovsk (now Orenburg) region. In 1943 he returned to Moscow, to 1st Meshchanskaya Street, 126 (since 1957 - Mira Avenue). In 1945, Vysotsky went to the first grade of school 273 in the Rostokinsky district of Moscow.
Some time after his parents’ divorce, in 1947, Vladimir moved to live with his father and his second wife, an Armenian by nationality - Evgenia Stepanovna Vysotskaya-Likhalatova (née Martirosova) (1918-1988), whom Vysotsky himself called “Mama Zhenya.” In 1947 - 1949 they lived in Eberswalde (Germany), at their father’s place of service, where young Volodya learned to play the piano.
In October 1949, he returned to Moscow and went to the 5th grade of men's secondary school No. 186 (currently located there main building Russian Legal Academy of the Ministry of Justice). At this time, the Vysotsky family lived in Bolshoi Karetny Lane, 15, apt. 4. (On the house there is a memorial plaque made by the Moscow architect Gasparyan Robert Rubenovich - the first, back in Soviet time, memorial plaque of the national idol). This lane is immortalized in his song: “Where are your seventeen years? On Bolshoi Karetny!”.
The beginning of an artist's career
Since 1953, Vysotsky attended the drama club in the Teacher's House, led by the Moscow Art Theater artist V. Bogomolov. In 1955 he graduated from secondary school No. 186, and, at the insistence of his relatives, entered the mechanical faculty of the Moscow Institute of Civil Engineering. Kuibyshev, from which he left after the first semester.
The decision to leave was made in New Year's Eve from 1955 to 1956. Together with Vysotsky’s school friend, Igor Kokhanovsky, it was decided to spend New Year’s Eve in a very unique manner - by completing the drawings, without which they would not be allowed to attend the session. Somewhere around two o'clock in the morning the drawings were ready. But then Vysotsky stood up and, taking a jar of ink from the table (according to another version, with the remains of strong brewed coffee), began pouring its contents over his drawing. "All. I’ll prepare, I still have six months, I’ll try to enter the theater school. And this is not mine..."
This is one of the beautiful legends about Vladimir Vysotsky. Vysotsky’s application for expulsion from the institute at his own request was signed on December 23, 1955.
From 1956 to 1960, Vysotsky was a student in the acting department of the Moscow Art Theater School. V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko. He studied with B.I. Vershilov, then with P.V. Massalsky and A.M. Komissarov. 1959 was marked by the first theater work(the role of Porfiry Petrovich in the educational play “Crime and Punishment”) and the first film role (the film “Peers”, the episodic role of student Petya). In 1960, the first mention of Vysotsky occurred in the central press, in the article by L. Sergeev “Nineteen from the Moscow Art Theater” (“Soviet Culture”, 1960, June 28).
While studying in his first year, V. Vysotsky met Iza Zhukova, whom he married in the spring of 1960.
In 1960-1964, Vysotsky worked (with interruptions) at the Moscow drama theater named after A.S. Pushkin. He played the role of Leshy in the play “The Scarlet Flower” based on the fairy tale by S. T. Aksakov, as well as about 10 other roles, mostly episodic.
In 1961, on the set of the film “The 713th Requests Landing,” he met Lyudmila Abramova, who became his second wife (the marriage was officially registered in 1965).
The beginning of poetic activity
In the early 1960s, Vysotsky's first songs appeared. The song “Tattoo”, written in 1961 in Leningrad, is considered by many to be the first. Vysotsky himself repeatedly called her such. This song marked the beginning of the cycle of “thieves” themes.
However, there is a song “49 days”, dating back to 1960, about the feat of four Soviet soldiers who drifted and survived in the Pacific Ocean. The author’s attitude towards the song was very critical: in the autograph it was given the title “A Guide for Beginners and Complete Hacks,” with an explanation at the end that “poems on any topical topics can be written in the same way.” “You just need to take the names and sometimes read the newspapers.” But, despite the fact that Vysotsky seemed to exclude this song from his work (calling “Tattoo” the first), phonograms of its performances in 1964-1969 are known.
Mature years
Subsequently, poetic and song creativity, along with work in theater and cinema, became the main work of V. S. Vysotsky’s life. After working for less than two months at the Moscow Theater of Miniatures, Vladimir unsuccessfully tried to enter the Sovremennik Theater. In 1964, Vysotsky created his first songs for films and went to work at the Moscow Taganka Drama and Comedy Theater, where he worked until the end of his life (07/25/1980).
In July 1967, Vladimir Vysotsky met the French actress of Russian origin Marina Vladi (Marina Vladimirovna Polyakova), who became his third wife (December 1970).
In 1968, V. Vysotsky sent a letter to the CPSU Central Committee in connection with sharp criticism of his early songs in central newspapers. In the same year, his first author’s gramophone record, “Songs from the film “Vertical””, was released. In the summer of 1969, Vysotsky had a severe attack, and then he survived only thanks to Marina Vladi. She was in Moscow at that time. Walking past the bathroom, she heard groans and saw that Vysotsky was bleeding from his throat. In her book “Vladimir, or Interrupted Flight,” Marina Vladi recalls:
You don't speak anymore, half-open eyes asking for help. I beg you to call an ambulance, your pulse has almost disappeared, I’m panicking. The reaction of the two arriving doctors and a nurse is simple and cruel: it’s too late, there’s too much risk, you’re not transportable. They don't want to have a dead person in the car, it's bad for the plan. From the confused faces of my friends, I understand that the doctors’ decision is irrevocable. Then I block their exit, shouting that if they don’t take you to the hospital right now, I will start an international scandal... They finally understand that the dying man is Vysotsky, and the disheveled and screaming woman is a French actress. After a short consultation, cursing, they carry you away on a blanket... Marina Vladi |
Fortunately, the doctors brought Vysotsky to the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Emergency Medicine on time; a few more minutes of delay - and he would not have survived. Doctors fought for his life for eighteen hours. It turned out that the cause of the bleeding was a burst vessel in his throat, but for some time there were rumors in theater circles about another serious illness.
In November 1971, the premiere of the play “Hamlet” took place at the Taganka Theater (directed by Yu. P. Lyubimov), in which V. S. Vysotsky played the main role.
On June 15, 1972 at 22:50, a 55-minute program “The Guy from Taganka” was shown on Estonian television - Vysotsky’s first appearance on a Soviet television screen, if you don’t count the films with his participation.
In 1975, Vysotsky settled in a cooperative apartment on Malaya Gruzinskaya Street, 28.
In the same year, for the first and last time during his lifetime, Vysotsky’s poem was published in the Soviet literary and artistic collection (Poetry Day 1975. M., 1975) - this is the poem “From a Road Diary”.
On February 13, 1978, by order No. 103 of the USSR Ministry of Culture, according to the entry in the artist’s certification certificate No. 17114, Vladimir Vysotsky was awarded the highest category of pop vocalist, after which Vysotsky was officially recognized as a “professional singer.”
In 1978 he signed up for television in the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1979 he participated in the publication of the Metropol almanac.
In the 1970s, he met the gypsy musician and artist Alyosha Dmitrievich in Paris. They repeatedly performed songs and romances together and were even planning to record a joint record, but Vysotsky died in 1980, and this project did not materialize.
Together with the actors of the Taganka Theater, he went on tour abroad: to Bulgaria, Hungary, Yugoslavia (BITEF), France, Germany, Poland. Having received permission to go to his wife in France for a private visit, he also managed to visit the USA several times (including concerts in 1979), Canada, Tahiti, etc.
Vysotsky gave more than 1000 concerts in the USSR and abroad.
On January 22, 1980, he signed up for the CT program “Kinopanorama”, fragments of which were first shown in January 1981, and the entire program (running time 1 hour 3 minutes) was released only on January 23, 1987. In the first part of this program, V. Vysotsky performed a medley from the film “Vertical”, the songs “We Rotate the Earth”, “One Scientific Riddle” from the film “Wind of Hope”, “I Don’t Love”, “Fires”, “ Morning exercises", "Sail", and in the second - "Giraffe", "Letter to the editor about Bermuda Triangle", "Song of the Land" from the film "Sons Go to Battle" and "Ballad of Love" from the film "Robin Hood's Arrows".
Last days and death
On April 16, 1980 took place last shoot Vysotsky’s concert at the Leningrad Bolshoi Drama Theater, where he performed the songs “Finicky Horses”, “Domes”, “Wolf Hunt” and talked about his work. A fragment of this shooting was included in V. Vinogradov’s program “I am returning your portrait.” On back side The double album “Sons Go to Battle” contains photographs from this particular concert.
On June 22, 1980, one of Vysotsky’s last concerts took place (in Kaliningrad), at which he became ill.
On July 3, 1980, Vysotsky performed at the Lyubertsy City Palace of Culture in the Moscow region, where, according to eyewitnesses, he looked unhealthy, said that he was not feeling well, but he was cheerful on stage and, instead of the planned hour and a half, played a two-hour concert.
On July 14, 1980, during a performance at MNIIEM (Moscow), Vladimir Vysotsky performed one of his last songs - “My sadness, my melancholy... Variation on gypsy themes.”
On July 18, 1980, Vysotsky made his last appearance in his most famous role at the Taganka Theater, as Hamlet in the Shakespeare production of the same name.
It is impossible to name the cause of death because an autopsy was not performed. There are several versions: Stanislav Shcherbakov and Leonid Sulpovar - asphyxia as a consequence of excessive use of sedatives (morphine and alcohol); Igor Elkis rejects this version.
There is also a version by Anatoly Fedotov, who different people characterized differently: both as Vysotsky’s personal doctor, and as the person who saved him on July 25, 1979 in Bukhara (according to his own diagnosis - clinical death from “not only food” poisoning), but also as a doctor who “overslept” Vysotsky on July 25, 1980:
On July 23, a team of resuscitators from Sklifosovsky came to see me. They wanted to put him on artificial respiration to stop dipsomania. There was a plan to bring this device to his dacha. The guys were probably in the apartment for about an hour; they decided to pick it up the next day, when a separate box was vacated. I was left alone with Volodya - he was already asleep. Then Valera Yanklovich replaced me. On July 24 I was working... At about eight o’clock in the evening I dropped into Malaya Gruzinskaya. He felt very bad, he rushed around the rooms. He groaned and clutched at his heart. That’s when, in front of me, he said to Nina Maksimovna: “Mom, I’m going to die today...” ...He rushed around the apartment. Moaned. This night was very difficult for him. I took a sleeping pill injection. He kept toiling. Then he fell silent. He fell asleep on a small ottoman, which then stood in the large room. ... Between three and half past five, cardiac arrest occurred due to a heart attack. Judging by the clinic, there was an acute myocardial infarction. Anatoly Fedotov |
The late V.I. Ilyukhin was an admirer and connoisseur of Vysotsky. While occupying the position of Assistant Prosecutor General of the USSR for state security they initiated a criminal case and carried out an investigation into the fact that Vysotsky’s death was the result of poisoning with a special long-acting drug; an order for exhumation was even prepared. The reason for the check was information that Vysotsky was liquidated as part of an operation to discredit the Moscow Olympics, the goal of causing confrontation between people at the funeral and a special regime for maintaining public order. There was an assumption that this was an action of Lithuanian nationalists as perpetrators. The exhumation was not carried out due to the political aspect. However, students of the 1st Medical Institute in Moscow, the year Vysotsky died, claimed that two days after the funeral, a body was delivered to the department under the protection of state security officers, but the department refused to perform an autopsy and the body was buried as remains of biological material.
Funeral
V. Vysotsky died during the summer Olympic Games. On the eve of the Olympic Games, many residents who had conflicts with the law were evicted from Moscow. The entry of non-resident citizens was restricted and the city was flooded with police; due to a shortage of personnel, many police officers were sent to Moscow from the union republics.
There were practically no reports about the death of Vladimir Vysotsky in the Soviet media (only two messages appeared in “Evening Moscow” about the death and the date of the civil memorial service, a small obituary in the newspaper “Soviet Culture” and, perhaps, after the funeral, an article in memory of Vysotsky in " Soviet Russia"). A modest notice was posted above the box office window: “Actor Vladimir Vysotsky died”. Not a single person returned the ticket - everyone keeps it as a relic. And yet, a huge crowd gathered at the Taganka Theater, where he worked, and stayed there for several days (on the day of the funeral, the roofs of the buildings around Taganskaya Square were also filled with people). It seemed like the whole of Moscow was burying Vysotsky; the stadiums were half empty, although there was no official report of his death. Marina Vladi, already on the bus heading towards Vagankov, said to one of her husband’s friends V.I. Tumanov: “Vadim, I saw how princes and kings were buried, but I didn’t see anything like that!...”
In general, we buried him, and in this I have some kind of dominant role. They wanted to bury him quietly and quickly. A closed city, an Olympics, and it turned out to be a rather unpleasant picture for them. When they lied, they said that they would bring a coffin to say goodbye to him, and the line came from the Kremlin... Apparently, their thinking was such that how to transport this type past the Kremlin on Cemetery Vagankovsky. So they just dashed into the tunnel. They began to break out his portrait, which is on the second floor, watering machines began to wash away flowers from the asphalt, which people were protecting with umbrellas, because there was terrible heat... And this huge crowd, which behaved just perfectly, began shouting throughout the entire square: “Fascists.” ! Fascists! This shot went around the whole world, and, of course, they hid it. Yu. P. Lyubimov |
Creation
SONG OF A SINGER AT THE MICROPHONE
I saw the sting: you are a snake, I know it.
And today I am a snake charmer,
I don’t sing, but I conjure the cobra.
He is gluttonous, and with the greed of a chick
He snatches sounds from his mouth.
Poetry and songs
Vysotsky wrote over 100 poems, about 600 songs and a poem for children (in two parts), in total he wrote approximately 700 poetic works.
Quite a lot of songs were written specifically for films, but most of them, sometimes technical reasons, but more often due to bureaucratic prohibitions, it was not included in the final versions (for example, in the films “Sannikov’s Land”, “Viktor Krokhin’s Second Attempt”, “Minority Report” and others).
Style and theme of songs
Vladimir Vysotsky:
As a rule, Vysotsky is classified among bard music, but a reservation must be made here. The themes of the songs and Vysotsky’s manner of performance were noticeably different from most other, “intelligent” bards; in addition, Vladimir Semyonovich himself had a rather negative attitude towards the so-called KSP (amateur song clubs) and the “bard” movement in general:
In addition, unlike most Soviet “bards,” Vysotsky was a professional actor and, for this reason alone, cannot be classified as an amateur performance.
It is difficult to find aspects of life that he would not touch upon in his work. These are “thieves” songs, and ballads, and love lyrics, as well as songs on political topics: often satirical or even containing sharp criticism (direct or, more often, written in Aesopian language) of the existing system and state of affairs, humorous songs and fairy tale songs. Many songs are written in the first person and subsequently received the title "songs-monologues". Other songs could have several characters, whose “roles” Vysotsky performed by changing his voice (for example, “Dialogue in the Circus”). These are original “songs-performances” written for performance by one “actor”.
Vysotsky sang about Everyday life and about the Great Patriotic War, about the life of workers and the fate of peoples - all this brought him wide popularity. The accuracy and figurativeness of the language, the performance of the songs “in the first person,” the sincerity of the author, and the expressiveness of the performance gave listeners the impression that Vysotsky was singing about experience own life(even about participation in the Great
The Patriotic War, at the end of which Vysotsky was only 7 years old) - although the overwhelming majority of the stories told in the songs were either entirely invented by the author or based on the stories of other people.
Vysotsky's songs are distinguished by increased attention, first of all, to the text and content, and not to form (with opposition to the stage and criticism (perhaps the very first) of pop music, although without using the term).
Vysotsky deliberately played an out-of-tune guitar. The professional musician Zinovy Shersher (Tumanov), who met him shortly before his death, recalled:
Prose and drama
"Life without sleep(Dolphins and Crazy)." 1968 The presence of the author's title is unknown.
The first known publication of the story was in the Parisian magazine Echo in 1980. The title “Life Without Sleep” was given by the editors of the magazine. Under the title “Dolphins and Crazies,” the story was distributed in Soviet samizdat.
“Somehow it all turned out that way”. 1969 or 1970.
"Where is the center?"(scenario). 1975
"A Novel about Girls". 1977 The novel is not over. The title is missing from the author's manuscript.
"Vienna Holidays" Kinopovest (together with E. Volodarsky) 1979
"Black Candle"(Part 1) Together with Leonid Monchinsky. Vladimir Semenovich did not live to see the end of the joint work, and part 2 was written only by Monchinsky.
Theater works
Basically, Vysotsky’s name as a theater actor is associated with the Taganka Theater. In this theater he took part in 15 performances (including “The Life of Galileo”, “The Cherry Orchard”, “Hamlet”). His songs were performed in more than 10 performances (not only at the Taganka Theater).
Vysotsky and radio
Vysotsky took part in the creation of 11 radio plays (including “Martin Eden”, “The Stone Guest”, “Stranger”, “Beyond the Bystryansky Forest”).
Cinema
Vysotsky starred in almost 30 films, many of which featured his songs. He was not approved for many roles, and not always for creative reasons. Vysotsky also participated in the dubbing of one cartoon - “The Wizard Emerald City" In addition, originally Volka in the cartoon “Well, wait a minute!” It was supposed to be voiced by Vysotsky, but he was later replaced by Anatoly Papanov.
Filmography:
- 1959 - Peers - Peter
- 1962 - 713th requests landing - Marine Corps Soldier
- 1962 - Career of Dima Gorin - Sofron
- 1962 - Free kick - Yury Nikulin
- 1963 - The Living and the Dead - cheerful soldier
- 1965 - Our House - Mechanic
- 1965 - On Tomorrow Street - Peter Markin
- 1965 - Cook - Andrey Pchelka
- 1966 - Vertical - Volodya
- 1966 - I come from childhood - tank captain Volodya
- 1967 - Short meetings - Maksim
- 1968 - Intervention - Michelle Voronov/Evgeniy Brodsky
- 1968 - Two comrades served - Brusentsov
- 1968 - Master of the taiga - Pockmarked
- 1969 - Dangerous Tours - Georges, Nikolai
- 1969 - White Explosion (film) - Captain
- 1972 - Fourth - He
- 1973 - Bad Good Man - Von Koren
- 1974 - The only road - Solodov
- 1975 - The Escape of Mr. McKinley - Bill Seeger
- 1975 - The only one - Boris Ilyich
- 1976 - The story about how Tsar Peter married an arap - Hannibal
- 1979 - Little tragedies - Don Guan
- 1979 - The meeting place cannot be changed - captain Zheglov
Wives and children
- Iza Konstantinovna Vysotskaya(nee Iza Konstantinovna Meshkova, by first marriage - Zhukova). Born January 22, 1937. Married since April 25, 1960. The date of the divorce is unknown. According to some sources, the couple lived together for less than 4 years; according to others, the divorce was filed in 1965, but it is known that they actually separated long before the official divorce. Therefore, the son of Iza Konstantinovna, born in 1965, bears the surname Vysotsky, in fact being the son of another person.
- Lyudmila Vladimirovna Abramova. Born August 16, 1939. Married from July 25, 1965 to February 10, 1970, divorced; two sons: Arkady (born 1962) and Nikita (born 1964).
- Ekaterina Marina Vladimirovna Polyakova-Baidarova(fr. Catherine Marina de Poliakoff-Baïdaroff), known by his stage name Marina Vladi. Born May 10, 1938. Married from December 1, 1970 to July 25, 1980.
Friends
In his interviews, Vysotsky often talked about his friends, first of all, naturally, about famous people, but noting that there were also “several people not related to ... public professions.”
So the first friends who later became famous were Vladimir’s classmates: the future poet Igor Kokhanovsky and the future screenwriter Vladimir Akimov. Then this group grew: “We lived in the same apartment in Bolshoi Karetny, ... we lived like a commune ....” This apartment belonged to the poet’s older friend, Levon Kocharyan, and actor Vasily Shukshin, director Andrei Tarkovsky, writer Arthur Makarov, screenwriter Vladimir Akimov, Anatoly Utevsky lived or often visited there. Vladimir Semyonovich recalls about these people: “It was possible to say only half a sentence, and we understood each other by gesture, by eye movement.”
Over time, theater colleagues were added: Vsevolod Abdulov, Ivan Bortnik, Ivan Dykhovichny, Boris Khmelnitsky, Valery Zolotukhin, Valery Yanklovich. Besides them on different stages During his life, Vysotsky also made new friends: David Karapetyan, Daniel Olbrykhsky, Vadim Tumanov, Victor Turov, Mikhail Baryshnikov, Sergei Parajanov and others.
In Paris, Vysotsky meets Mikhail Shemyakin, who in the future will create many illustrations for Vysotsky’s songs and erect a monument to the poet in Samara. However, perhaps the most important thing that Mikhail Mikhailovich did to perpetuate the memory of his friend was the recordings of Vysotsky made in Paris in 1975-1980 in the studio of Mikhail Shemyakin. Vysotsky was accompanied on the second guitar by Konstantin Kazansky. These recordings are unique not only for the quality and purity of sound, but also for the fact that Vysotsky sang not just for the record, but for a close friend, whose opinion he valued so much.
Pavel Leonidov, impresario, close friend and great uncle Vysotsky
Discography
Lifetime discs published in the USSR
Personal editions
During Vysotsky's lifetime, only 7 minions were released (released from 1968 to 1975). Each of the plates contained more than four songs.
In 1978, a giant export disc was also released, which included songs recorded in different years by Melodiya, but never published.
With the participation of Vysotsky
Since 1974, four disc performances with Vysotsky’s participation have been released, including the double album “Alice in Wonderland” was released in 1976 (the EP “Alice in Wonderland. Songs from a Musical Fairy Tale” was also released separately).
In addition, 15 records are known, which included one or more songs by Vysotsky, mainly songs from films and collections of military songs (for example, “Friends and Fellow Soldiers”, “Victory Day”).
Also, Vysotsky’s songs were heard on 11 records in music magazines (mainly Krugozor), and in 1965, the same Krugozor (No. 6) published excerpts from the play “10 Days That Shook the World” with the participation of Vysotsky and other Tagan actors.
- Tattoo - (1963-1965)
- Formulation - (1964)
- But I have no regrets - (1964-1978)
- Just talk to me - (1964-1974)
- Journey to the Past - (1967)
- Say thank you for being alive - (1969-1980)
- Songs for the film “Ivan da Marya” - (1969-1976)
- Ballads for the film “The Escape of Mr. McKinley” - (1974-1976)
- Your own island - (1964,1973-1974,1976)
- Skydive - (1974-1976)
- Concert at the Mir Palace of Culture - (1967)
- Concert at the central Puppet Theater - (1973)
- Concert at the VAMI House of Culture - (1974)
- Concert at the Commune House of Culture, part 1 - (1980)
- Concert at the Commune House of Culture, part 2 - (1980)
- Tikhoretskaya - (1961-1965)
- Repeat offender - (2002)
- I come from childhood - (1965-1979)
- Song about Vologda - (1968-1979)
- Domes - (1968-1979)
- I will lose my true faith - (1963-1967)
- Lukomorye no longer exists - (1967-1972)
- Bathhouse in white - (1969-1974)
- Don't Worry - (1969-1976)
- Weight taken - (1969-1978)
- Criminal Code - (2001)
- Monument - (1973-1979)
- Case history - (1969-1979)
- Recheka - (1967,1977-1980)
- Alice in Wonderland - (1970, 1973)
- My Hamlet - (1966-1978)
- Concert at the Eureka Club-Shop - (1966, 1973, 1976)
- Concert in Kazan - (1977)
- Concert in Severodvinsk - (1974, 1978)
- Everyone went to the front - (2002)
In the USSR and Russia after death
- The largest publication is the series of gramophone records “At the concerts of Vladimir Vysotsky” on 21 discs (1987-1992). Also notable are 4 records released in 1993-94. by Aprelevka Sound Inc., with rare and previously unreleased songs.
- In the first half of the 2000s, the New Sound company released 22 CDs with remastered songs by Vladimir Semenovich. The tracks were presented with modern remakes, which were based on Vysotsky’s vocals, cleared of the author’s soundtrack and superimposed on modern musical arrangements. Such a bold experiment caused conflicting opinions among the audience: on the one hand, the music became quite good quality sound, and on the other hand, a certain “pop” was added.
- On the 30th anniversary of the death of V. Vysotsky, the newspaper “ TVNZ» has prepared a special release with the film on DVD: “Vladimir Vysotsky. Unknown newsreel footage. „ Road story“” with footage that has never been shown in Russia: material from Polish newsreels, as well as unique footage from various private archives (screen tests for a failed role, amateur filming, interview fragments).
Abroad
In France, 14 records were released from 1977 to 1988.
In the USA, from 1972 to 1987, 19 records were released (including a series of 7 records “Vladimir Vysotsky in the recordings of Mikhail Shemyakin”).
One album was released in Finland in 1979.
In Germany, 4 records were released from 1980 to 1989.
In Bulgaria, from 1979 to 1987, 6 records were released (4 original records and 2 collections).
In Japan, from 1976 to 1985, 4 records were released (2 original records and 2 collections).
In Korea, 2 records were released in 1992.
Also in Israel in 1975, the album “Unreleased Songs of Russian Bards” was released, which contains 2 songs by Vysotsky.
Guitars by Vladimir Vysotsky
Vysotsky always played seven-string guitars.
He got his first guitar that stood out from the crowd in 1966. Vladimir Semyonovich bought it from the widow of Alexei Dikiy. He later said that this guitar “was made by some Austrian master 150 years ago. It was bought by the princes Gagarins, and the artist Blumenthal-Tamarin bought it from them and gave it to Dikiy...” Probably, this guitar took part in a photo shoot between Vysotsky and Vladi in 1975 (photographer - V.F. Plotnikov).
Photographs dating back to 1975 show Vladimir Semyonovich with the first guitar made for him by Alexander Shulyakovsky (with a headstock made in the shape of a lyre). This master made 4 or 5 guitars for Vysotsky.
Vysotsky also had a guitar with two necks, which he liked because of its original shape, but Vladimir Semyonovich never used the second neck. Vladimir Semyonovich is depicted with this guitar on the back of the sleeve of the 9th disc of the series “At Vladimir Vysotsky’s concerts.”
In the play “Crime and Punishment,” which was released in 1979, Vysotsky played a guitar that belonged to film director Vladimir Alenikov, who gave him his guitar for this role, since Vysotsky liked the guitar for its out-of-date appearance, color, and sound. This guitar was once made by the St. Petersburg master Yagodkin. After the death of the poet, Alenikov asked the theater to find the guitar, and in the end it was returned to him, but in an extremely deplorable, broken state, it was missing pieces, and no one undertook to repair it. In 1991, Alenikov took the broken guitar to the USA, where he eventually brought it to full order guitar master, Indian Rick Turner. A photograph of the guitar appeared on the cover of Acoustic Guitar magazine under the name “Vysotsky”.
Cars of Vladimir Vysotsky
According to the recollections of friends, Vladimir Vysotsky loved driving fast at a speed of about 200 kilometers per hour and often crashed his cars.
Vladimir Vysotsky's first car - Volga GAZ-21 gray, acquired by him in 1967, and then broken by him.
In 1971, he was one of the first in the USSR to buy a VAZ-2101 (“kopeyka”) with license plate 16-55 MKL. The life of the car was short-lived - Vladimir smashed the car to smithereens after several trips behind the wheel.
Marina Vladi brought him a Renault 16 from Paris, which she received for filming in an advertisement. Vysotsky crashed the Renault on the first day, driving into a bus at a bus stop. The car was eventually restored, but it had Parisian license plates, and according to the rules of those years, the traffic police did not let it go further than 100 km from Moscow. In 1973, the actor’s friends helped him get a certificate to cross the border, and in this beat-up car, Vladimir and Marina traveled from Moscow to Paris. There, in France, they sold this car (after an advertisement in the magazine “Paris Match”: “Marina Vladi is selling a car... Inquire by phone...”).
A year later, Vysotsky went to Germany for concerts and brought two BMWs from there - one gray, the other beige. But the beige one was among the stolen ones, so the capital’s traffic police registered only one car. The second one was in the garage, although Vysotsky drove both - he simply rearranged the numbers from one car to another, and no one noticed it. In the end, Interpol caught the beige BMW, and it was sent back to Germany, and Vysotsky drove to Paris in the gray one, where he sold it.
In 1976, Vysotsky got his first Mercedes, produced in 1975, metallic blue (model 450SEL 6.9 on the W 116 platform) - a four-door sedan. Marina Vladi brought about 10 cars in a row from France for her husband, but they had to be taken out of the USSR a year after import - those were the rules. Mercedes became Vysotsky’s first foreign car officially registered in Moscow. By the way, it was this Mercedes that was the first to appear in the traffic police file with registration number 7176MMU. Brezhnev had another one, and a month later appeared with Sergei Mikhalkov.
At the end of 1979, while on tour in Germany, Vladimir bought a sports double Mercedes coupe 350 yellow-brown. But Vysotsky didn’t make it to Moscow: on the Moscow-Brest highway, which is being built for the Olympics, just outside Minsk, at a speed of about 200 km/h, he lost control and flew into a ditch. The Mercedes was restored after the actor’s death. No one ever picked up the car from the service station...
A few days before his death, Vysotsky was seen driving a red VAZ 2101. This car was probably borrowed from one of his friends, but nothing is known about its fate.
Bibliography
- Songs and Poems. New York: Literary Abroad, 1981.
- Nerve. M.: Sovremennik, 1981.
- I’ll finish the verse…. (Songs for cinema). M.: Cinema Center, 1988.
- Didn't get out of the fight. Voronezh: Cent.-Chernozem. book publishing house, 1988.
- Nerve. Publishing house Sovremennik. 1988. 240 pp., 200,000 copies.
- Nerve. Oner Publishing House. 1989., 192 pp., 100,000 copies.
- Poetry and prose. M.: Book Chamber, 1989.
- Poems and songs. M. Art, 1989 (with notes).
- Poetry and prose. Publishing house Book Chamber. 1989. 448 pp., 100,000 copies.
- Vienna holidays. M.: VO "Soyuzinformkino" Goskino USSR, 1990.
- Works (in 2 volumes). M.: Fiction, 1991.
- Vladimir Vysotsky, Leonid Monchinsky. Black candle. M.: Moskovskaya international school translators, 1992.
- Works in four volumes. Preparation of texts and comments by B.I.Chak, V.F.Popov. SPb.: JSC "Technex - Russia". 50,000 copies,
- Volume 1. Eternal Flame. 1992. 320 p.
- Volume 2. Queen of my dreams. 1993. 320 p.
- Volume 3. Domes. 1993.
- Volume 4. Tattoo. 1993 272 p.
- I have something to sing... Unpublished and little-known poems and songs by Vladimir Vysotsky. Cheboksary: Commissioned by Posev LLP, 1993. 272 pp., 60,000 copies.
- Collected works in 4 books. Publishing house Nadezhda-1. 1997. 10,000 copies.
- Almanac. "Vysotsky's World: Research and Materials." - M.: GKCM V. S. Vysotsky:
- Vol. 1 - 1997
- Vol. 2 - 1998
- Vol. 3 (two volumes) - 1999
- Vol. 4 (two volumes) - 2000
- I don't like... M: Eksmo-Press. 1998. Series “Home Library of Poetry.” 480 pp., 10,000 copies.
- Poems and songs. Comp. M. Zayachkovsky. Publishing house Profizdat, 2001. 336 pp., 10,000 copies.
- Favorites. Publishing house Rusich. 2003. Series “Library of Poetry”, 480 pp., 5,000 copies.
- Not even six months will pass. Eksmo, 2004. Series “Golden Series of Poetry”. 352 pp., 5,000 copies.
- Favorites (set of 2 books). Comp. A. Krylov. Publishing house U-Factoria. 2005. 13,000 copies.
- Poems. M: Eksmo. 2005. World Library of Poetry Series, 480 pp., 4,100 copies.
- Horses are picky. Comp. V. Korkin. "Eksmo-Press", "Eksmo-Market". 2006. 448 pp., 8100 copies.
- Where is our star? Songs. Editor A. Korina. M: Eksmo. 2007. 432 pp., 3,100 copies.
- Poems and songs. Publishing house Profizdat. 2008. Series “Poetry of the 20th Century”, 336 pp., 5,000 copies.
- Its own track. Publishing house U-Factoria. 2008. 480 pp., 5,000 copies.
- Favorites. Publisher: AST, Harvest. 2008. Series “A Book for All Seasons”. 480 pp., 5,000 copies.
- Ballads and songs. M: Eksmo, 2008. Series “Illustrated Library of the Poet. World classic." 352 pp., 4,000 copies.
- Collected works: In 4 volumes - 2nd ed. - M.: Time, 2009
- Two destinies. Exclusive gift edition. Pan press. 2009. 256 pp., 50 copies.
- The best poems. Selected Prose. Comp. Yu. Slavyanov. M.: Eksmo, Series “Golden Pages”, 2009. 416 pp., 4,000 copies.
- I once walked around the capital. Moscow to creative destiny poet and actor. Comp. A. Kulagin. M.: Eksmo, 2009. Series “Poems and Biographies”. 400 pp., 3,000 copies.
- Songs. Publishing house U-Factoria. 2009. 704 pp., 5,000 copies.
- Picky horses (selected poems and prose). St. Petersburg: Publishing group “Azbuka-classics”, 2010. 448 pp., 12,000 copies.
- Horses are picky. ABC, ABC-Atticus. 2010. 464 pp., 7,000 copies.
- Songs. Poems. Prose. Comp. M. Raevskaya. M.: Eksmo, 2010, Series “Library of World Literature”, 61 6 pp., 4,000 copies.
- Collected works (set of 4 books). Publishing house Time. 2011.
- Collected works in one volume. Publishing house Alfa-book. 2011. 816 pp., 6,000 copies.
- Illustrated collection of works in 10 volumes. SPb.: Amphora.
- Volume 1. Get out of the battle alive... (+ CD-ROM). 2011. 128 pp., 135,000 copies.
- Volume 2. I was a soul bad society... (+ CD-ROM). 2012. 128 pp., 120,000 copies.
- Volume 3. Life flew in a bad car... (+ CD-ROM). 2012. 128 pp., 112,000 copies.
- Volume 4. It hurts me for our USSR... (+ CD-ROM). 2012. 128 pp., 105,000 copies.
- Volume 5. Any of us - why not a sorcerer?! (+CD-ROM). 2012. 128 pp., 92,000 copies.
- Volume 7. Get ready - now it will be sad... (+ CD-ROM). 2011. 128 pp., 77,000 copies.
- Volume 6. Lukomorye is no more... (+ CD). St. Petersburg: Amphora, 2012. 128 pp., 82,000 copies,
- The best. M.: AST, Astrel, VKT. 2012. Series “Russian Classics”, 480 pp., 3,000 copies.
Posthumous recognition and cultural impact
During the years of censorship, Vysotsky touched on a number of taboo topics, but, despite the existing restrictions, Vysotsky’s popularity was and remains phenomenal to this day. This is due to human charm and large-scale personality, poetic gift, unique performing skills, extreme sincerity, love of freedom, energy in the performance of songs and roles, accuracy in revealing song themes and embodiment of images. It is no coincidence that according to the results of a VTsIOM survey conducted in 2009-2010. on the topic “Who do you consider to be the Russian idols of the 20th century,” Vysotsky took second place (31% of respondents), second only to Yuri Gagarin (35% of respondents) and significantly ahead of other writers (L.N. Tolstoy - 17%, A.I. Solzhenitsyn - 14%).
Official recognition came to Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky only after his death. At first these were separate steps: in 1981, through the efforts of R. Rozhdestvensky, the first major collection of works by V. Vysotsky - “Nerve” - was published and the first full-fledged (“giant disc”) Soviet record was released, as befits a great poet. In 1987, he was posthumously awarded the USSR State Prize for his performance as Captain Zheglov in the film “The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed” and for his original performance of songs (the award was received by his father, S.V. Vysotsky).
Onomastics
- More than 30 streets bear Vysotsky’s name (including in Bulgaria and Germany);
- Almost 20 rocks and peaks, passes and river rapids, canyons and glaciers are named after Vysotsky. Even a mountain plateau in the archipelago was named after him Tierra del Fuego;
- The asteroid “Vladvysotsky” was named in honor of Vysotsky.
- theaters, ships, an airplane, cafes, and varieties of flowers are named after Vysotsky;
- Several sports tournaments are dedicated to his memory;
- a 200-meter skyscraper (54 floors) in Yekaterinburg is also named after him.
Museums
- There are at least 6 Vysotsky museums (of which the most famous is the Vysotsky House on Taganka).
Cultural and leisure center
- In the city of Norilsk, Talnakh district, the Cultural and Leisure Center named after. V. S. Vysotsky.
Monuments
In the territory former USSR more than 20 monuments have been installed (and the same number of memorial plaques), there are 4 more monuments to the poet abroad;
Monuments to Vladimir Vysotsky were erected in several cities of Russia, as well as in Ukraine and Montenegro (Podgorica).
Coins, medals and stamps
- In honor of Vysotsky, 2 commemorative medals, 2 travel tokens and 4 coins were issued, two of them by other states.
- A postage stamp is also dedicated to his memory:
- 1999 - Postage Stamp Russia from the series “Popular Russian Pop Singers”, Vladimir Vysotsky. 2 rubles, Russia, 1938-1980.
In January 1988, the 50th anniversary of Vladimir Vysotsky was widely celebrated. Since at that time the first collections of Vysotsky’s poetry were widely sold, memorial evenings were held, articles about him were published in the press, philatelists expected the release of commemorative philatelic materials. The artist V. Koval made a sketch of an envelope with a stamp dedicated to Vysotsky, but the envelope was not released. Bas-relief on the house from the balcony of which V. S. Vysotsky sang in Irkutsk / apartment of the writer Leonid Monchinsky /
Influence on other authors
The work of Vladimir Vysotsky, which contributed to wider recognition of the author's song, indirectly helped the formation of Soviet rock. His poems had a direct influence on such rock musicians as Alexander Bashlachev, Yuri Shevchuk (“DDT”), Konstantin Kinchev (“Alice”), Andrei Makarevich (“Time Machine”) and Igor Talkov. So, for example, there is a direct connection with Vysotsky’s poems in such songs as “The Time of Bells” by Bashlachev, “Twilight” by Kinchev, “Gypsy” by Yuri Shevchuk. Indirectly, Vysotsky also influenced Viktor Tsoi (Kino), Boris Grebenshchikov (Aquarium), Yuri Klinskikh (Khoy) (Gas Sector), Yegor Letov (Civil Defense) and many others.
Vysotsky’s work influenced not only Russian culture. It had big influence based on the work of the nationally famous Polish bard Jacek Kaczmarski. Inspired by a personal meeting with Vysotsky in 1974, he wrote his first “Roundup,” as a free translation of Vysotsky’s famous “Wolf Hunt,” for which he received the first award at the Student Song Festival in Krakow. This is where his creative journey began.
After Vysotsky’s death, poems and songs of many poets (for example, B. Akhmadulina, A. Voznesensky), bards (for example, Yu. Vizbor, B. Okudzhava, M. Shcherbakov, A. Rosenbaum, A. Zemskov), rock musicians and performers of original songs (for example, A. Bashlachev, A. Makarevich, Y. Loza, A. Gradsky) and others.
Books
The number of books about Vysotsky is constantly growing - his wives, friends, and creative researchers write about him.
Movies
In 1987, the first film about Vysotsky was released - “Four Meetings with Vladimir Vysotsky,” directed by Eldar Ryazanov. Subsequently, more than 10 documentaries were shot by different directors. In 2011, director Pyotr Buslov, based on a script by Nikita Vysotsky, shot the feature film “Vysotsky. Thank you for being alive".
Films based on his works:
- “Lucky” (2006, based on the novel “Black Candle”).
The image of Vladimir Vysotsky is also used:
- in Ivan Dykhovichny’s film “Kopeyka” - Igor Artashonov in the role of Vysotsky;
- in the series "Galina";
- as one of the prototypes of the main character of the story by A. and B. Strugatsky “Ugly Swans”, Viktor Banev. With Vysotsky's permission, his song is used in the story in a slightly modified version "I'm fed up to my chin...";
- in Garik Sukachev’s film “House of the Sun” - the director himself starred in the role of Vysotsky;
- in the film “Vysotsky. Thank you for being alive" (2011)
On TV
- On November 25, 2011, Channel One broadcast a program about Vysotsky from the “Property of the Republic” series.
Vladimir Vysotsky told how once in Montreal he saw Bronson smoking at the entrance to the Hilton Hotel and rushed to him: “You are my favorite actor!” The same one spat at his feet, crushed the cigarette butt with his heel and said indifferently: “Get lost” - “Fuck off”... A few years later, Vladimir Semenovich gave a concert in Hollywood. After the performance, the actors congratulated him on his success. Vysotsky looked for Bronson with his eyes - he waited for him to come up to him and he could be repaid in the same coin. Without waiting, I asked the organizer of the evening about him, to which he received the answer: “Bronson? He’s such a boring person that we never invite him.”
Opinions about Vladimir Vysotsky and his favorite songs according to Russians:
- "Song about a Friend"
- "Horses are picky"
- "Cliff Climber"
- Songs from the film “Vertical”
- "Morning exercises"
Vladimir Semyonovich Vysotsky. Born on January 25, 1938 in Moscow - died on July 25, 1980 in Moscow. Soviet poet, actor and songwriter. Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1987, posthumously).
Vladimir Vysotsky played dozens of roles in the theater, including Hamlet (Hamlet by W. Shakespeare), Galileo (The Life of Galileo by B. Brecht), Lopakhin (The Cherry Orchard by A. Chekhov). The most notable works in cinema are his roles in the films “The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed”, “Little Tragedies”, “Intervention”, “Master of the Taiga”, “Vertical”, “Two Comrades Served”, “The Tale of How Tsar Peter the Arab got married”, “Brief Encounters”, “Bad Good Man”.
Actor of the Taganka Drama and Comedy Theater in Moscow.
According to the results of a VTsIOM survey conducted in 2010, Vysotsky took second place in the list of “idols of the 20th century” after. A survey conducted by FOM in mid-July 2011 demonstrated that, despite the decline in interest in Vysotsky’s work, the vast majority (98%) of Russians are familiar with the name “Vladimir Vysotsky”, and about 70% responded that they like his songs and consider him creativity is an important phenomenon of Russian culture of the 20th century.
Vladimir Vysotsky was born on January 25, 1938 at 9 hours 40 minutes in Moscow in maternity hospital No. 8 of the Dzerzhinsky district of Moscow on Third Meshchanskaya Street (now it is Shchepkina Street, building 61/2; the building belongs to MONIKI named after M. F. Vladimirsky, a plaque with the poet’s date of birth is attached to the building).
Researchers agree that the Vysotsky family comes from the town of Selets, Pruzhany district, Grodno province, now Brest region, Belarus. The surname is probably associated with the name of the city of Vysokoye, Kamenets district, Brest region.
Father - Semyon Vladimirovich (Volfovich) Vysotsky (1915-1997), native of Kyiv, military signalman, veteran of the Great Patriotic War, holder of more than 20 orders and medals, honorable Sir cities of Kladno and Prague, Colonel.
Paternal grandfather - Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky (at birth Wolf Shliomovich), born in 1889 in Brest (at that time Brest-Litovsk) in the family of a Russian language teacher. Later he moved to Kyiv. He had three higher educations: legal, economic and chemical. Died in 1962. Grandmother Daria Alekseevna (at birth Deborah Evseevna Bronstein; 1891-1970) - nurse, cosmetologist. She loved her first grandson Volodya very much and last years life was a passionate fan of his songs.
Mother - Nina Maksimovna (nee Seregina, 1912-2003). She graduated from the Moscow Institute of Foreign Languages, worked as a translator and referent of the German language in the foreign department of the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions, then as a guide at Intourist. In the first years of the war, she served in the transcription bureau at the Main Directorate of Geodesy and Cartography of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. She finished her career as the head of the technical documentation bureau at NIIkhimmash.
Vysotsky’s maternal grandfather, Maxim Ivanovich Seregin, came to Moscow at the age of 14 from the village of Ogareva, Tula province. Later he began working as a doorman in various Moscow hotels. He and his wife Evdokia Andreevna Sinotova had five children, including Nina Maksimovna. She was born in 1912. After early death parents began to live independently, raising younger brother. She worked as a translator from German.
Uncle - Alexey Vladimirovich Vysotsky (1919-1977), writer, participant in the Great Patriotic War, artilleryman, holder of three Orders of the Red Banner, colonel.
He spent his early childhood in a Moscow communal apartment on 1st Meshchanskaya Street, 126 (the house was demolished in 1955, in its place a new one was built in 1956, whose address since 1957 is Mira Avenue, 76): “For 38 rooms in total one restroom..." Vysotsky wrote in 1975 about his early childhood.
During the Great Patriotic War in 1941 - 1943, he lived with his mother in evacuation in the village of Vorontsovka, 25 km from the regional center - the city of Buzuluk, Chkalov (now Orenburg) region. In 1943, he returned to Moscow, to 1st Meshchanskaya Street, 126. In 1945, Vysotsky went to first grade at school No. 273 in the Rostokinsky district of Moscow. Building former school located at Prospekt Mira, 68 bldg.
After his parents’ divorce, in 1947, Vladimir moved to live with his father and his second wife - Evgenia Stepanovna Vysotskaya-Likhalatova (née Martirosova) (1918-1988), whom Vysotsky himself called “Mama Zhenya” and later was even baptized in the Armenian Apostolic Church church to emphasize the special attitude towards it. In 1947 - 1949 they lived in Eberswalde (Germany), at their father’s place of service, where young Volodya learned to play the piano.
In October 1949, he returned to Moscow and went to the 5th grade of men's secondary school No. 186 (currently there, on Bolshoy Karetny Lane, building 10a, the main building of the Russian Legal Academy of the Ministry of Justice is located). At this time, the Vysotsky family lived on Bolshoi Karetny Lane, 15, apt. 4. (A memorial plaque was installed on the house, made by Moscow architect Robert Rubenovich Gasparyan - the first, back in Soviet times, memorial plaque of a national idol). This lane is immortalized in his song “Bolshoi Karetny”.
Since 1953, Vysotsky attended the drama club in the Teacher's House, led by the Moscow Art Theater artist V. Bogomolov.
Third wife- (French Catherine Marina de Poliakoff-Baïdaroff), famous French film, theater, and television actress. Born May 10, 1938. We met in July 1967. They were married from December 1, 1970 to July 25, 1980.
Vladimir Vysotsky and Marina Vladi
Friends of Vladimir Vysotsky:
In his interviews, Vysotsky often talked about his friends - primarily about famous people, but noting that there were also “several people who were not related to ... public professions.”
So, the first friends who later became famous were Vladimir’s classmates: the future poet Igor Kokhanovsky and the future screenwriter Vladimir Akimov. Then this group grew: “We lived in the same apartment in Bolshoy Karetny, ... we lived like a commune.” This apartment belonged to the poet’s elder friend, Levon Kocharyan; and the actor, director, writer Arthur Makarov, screenwriter Vladimir Akimov, Anatoly Utevsky lived or often visited there. Vladimir Semyonovich recalls about these people: “It was possible to say only half a sentence, and we understood each other by gesture, by movements.” One of Vysotsky’s closest friends was the mime clown Leonid Engibarov.
Over time, theater colleagues were added: Valery Yanklovich. In addition to them, at different stages of his life, Vysotsky also made new friends: David Karapetyan, Daniel Olbrykhsky, Vadim Tumanov, Victor Turov, Mikhail Baryshnikov, Sergei Parajanov and others.
In Paris, Vysotsky meets Mikhail Shemyakin, who in the future will create many illustrations for Vysotsky’s songs and erect a monument to the poet in Samara. However, perhaps the most important thing that Mikhail Mikhailovich did to perpetuate the memory of his friend was Vysotsky’s recordings (107 songs), made in Paris in 1975-1980 in the studio of Mikhail Shemyakin. Vysotsky was accompanied on the second guitar by Konstantin Kazansky. These recordings are unique not only for the quality and purity of sound, but also for the fact that Vysotsky sang not just for the record, but for a close friend, whose opinion he valued so much. Also during these years in Paris, together with the same Kazansky, who acted as an arranger, Vysotsky managed to record three of his records.
A close friend was Pavel Leonidov, Vysotsky’s impresario and his cousin.
Filmography of Vladimir Vysotsky:
1959 - Peers - student Petya (episode)
1961 - Career of Dima Gorin - high-rise installer Sofron
1962 - 713th requests landing - US Marine
1962 - Shore leave - sailor Peter, friend of Valezhnikov
1963 - Free kick - gymnast Yuri Nikulin
1963 - The Living and the Dead - The Cheerful Soldier
1965 - Our home - radio technician
1965 - On Tomorrow Street - Brigadier Pyotr Markin
1965 - Cook - Andrey Pchelka
1966 - Sasha-Sasha - singer with a guitar (episode)
1966 - I come from childhood - tank captain Volodya (also performs songs)
1967 - Vertical - radio operator Volodya (also performs 5 songs)
1967 - Short meetings - geologist Maxim (also performs 3 songs)
1967 - War under the roofs - a policeman at a wedding (also performs 2 songs)
1968 - Intervention - underground worker Michel Voronov / E. Brodsky (also performs the song “How cheerful we all are and how gloomy we are...”)
1968 - Two comrades served - White Guard lieutenant Alexander Brusentsov
1968 - Master of the taiga - rafting foreman Ivan Ryaboy (also performs 2 songs)
1969 - Dangerous Tours - Georges Bengalsky, Nikolai Kovalenko (also performs 3 songs)
1969 - White Explosion - Captain
1972 - Fourth - He
1973 - Bad Good Man - zoologist Von Koren
1974 - The only road - driver Solodov (also performs the song “On the road quickly - or go to the coffin!..”)
1975 - The Run of Mr. McKinley - street singer Bill Seeger (also performs 2 songs)
1975 - Signs of the Zodiac (script; music, lyrics and performance of the song “It’s not true, there’s not an abyss, not darkness above us...”)
1975 - The only one - the leader of the choir circle Boris Ilyich (also performs the song “Pahonia”)
1976 - The tale of how Tsar Peter married a blackamoor - Ibrahim Hannibal
1977 - There are two of them - cameo
1979 - “The meeting place cannot be changed” - Gleb Zheglov, captain of the MUR (also performs a fragment of A. Vertinsky’s song “The Lilac Negro”)
1979 - “Little Tragedies” - Don Juan.
Cartoon dubbing:
1974 - The Wizard of the Emerald City - Wolf.
Vocals of Vladimir Vysotsky in cinema:
1966 - I come from childhood - songs " Mass graves", "I lived with my mother and father on the Arbat...", "Stars", "Colds";
1966 Vertical - songs “Song about a Friend”, “Climber”, “This is not a plain for you”, “Ballad of Alpine Shooters”, “Into the bustle of cities and traffic flows”;
1968 - Master of the Taiga - songs “It was not fate that beckoned me and not a gold mine...” and “The Crystal House”;
1969 - Sons Go to Battle (also songwriter);
1974 - Smuggling - songs “Once Upon a Time at Sea” and “First There Was the Word” in a duet with Nina Shatskaya;
1974 - The only road (Chained Drivers / Okovani šoferi);
1975 - Robin Hood's arrows (Robina Huda bultas);
1975 - The only one - the song “Black Eyes”;
1976 - Midlife - fragment of the song “Cliffhanger” (uncredited);
1976 - Seventy-two degrees below zero (also songwriter);
1977 - Victor Krokhin’s second attempt - “Song of Bygone Times”;
1977 - Wind of "Hope";
1980 - “Mercedes” escapes from the chase - the song “He didn’t return from the battle yesterday”;
1982 - The Ballad of the Valiant Knight Ivanhoe - author and performer of ballads;
1984 - Darling, dear, beloved, only... - song “Fasicky Horses”;
1984 - Why does a person need wings;
1985 - Start over;
1985 - Every hunter wants to know... - song “Yak the Fighter”;
1988 - Whose are you, old man? - author and performer of the song “My Gypsy”;
1989 - High Blood (Vysoka kroў) (also songwriter);
1989 - In Aldebaran (short film) - the song “In the distant constellation Tau Ceti” is used (uncredited);
1990 - Passion for Vladimir - author and performer of the songs “Morning Gymnastics”, “Black Bath”, a soundtrack of a conversation with the audience at a concert was used;
1990 - Disintegration - the song “My Gypsy” was used (“Yellow lights in my dreams”);
1991 - Blood for Blood (also songwriter);
1991 - Recruiter (also songwriter);
1993 - I am Ivan, you are Abram (Moi Ivan, toi Abraham) - the song “My Gypsy” was used;
1999 - The meeting place cannot be changed. 20 years later (documentary);
2010 - I’ll leave this summer... (documentary)
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Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky
Born on January 25, 1938 in Moscow. Soviet actor, poet and songwriter, author of prose works. Laureate of the USSR State Prize (posthumously). This name is familiar to every Russian person today. He entered our lives in the “tape-recorder era.” His hoarse voice and simple guitar strumming could be heard everywhere. Vysotsky’s songs are intelligible, simple, close and understandable to everyone. The front-line soldiers who listened to his songs about the war were sure that he personally experienced everything that he wrote about in his songs. People who listened to his songs with a “criminal slant” were sure that he was sitting. Sailors, climbers, drivers - everyone considered him one of their own. Every song contained the truth of life.
Bard
As a rule, Vysotsky is classified among bard music, but a reservation must be made here. The themes of the songs and Vysotsky’s manner of performance were noticeably different from most other “intelligent” bards; in addition, Vladimir Semyonovich himself did not consider himself a member of the “bard” movement. But, nevertheless, among the numerous bards, Vladimir Vysotsky still remains an unfading star. Vysotsky’s interest in the original song was awakened after meeting the work of Bulat Okudzhava, whom Vladimir Semenovich considered his teacher. Later he would write “Song about Truth and Lies,” dedicated to Okudzhava.
The beginning of poetic activity
Vysotsky began writing poetry very early, and did not give up this activity in his youth, encouraged by his close friends, for whom he wrote and sang (“I saw that my comrades needed me to sing to them, and they wanted to hear what I was talking about.” I’ll tell them in a song..."). He wrote his first song in Leningrad in 1961. Having heard Okudzhava perform for the first time, I was amazed at how much this manner of presenting poetry with a guitar affected listeners. I started trying to do it myself. These were songs in the style of “yard romance” and were not taken seriously either by Vysotsky or by those who were their first listeners. A few years later, in 1965, he would write the famous “Submarine,” about which Igor Kokhanovsky would later say: “Submarine was already serious.” And I think that it was this song that announced that it was time for his creative youth is over." For my short life Vysotsky wrote about a thousand songs in different genres: fairy tales, burlesques, jokes, marching rhythms, etc. He wrote many songs for cinema. Filmed at 30 feature films. Officially unrecognized, the poet was loved by millions of people; bypassing radio, television, print, thanks to tapes, Vysotsky’s songs became known to everyone. He found for himself an oral, song form in which his work lived freely for twenty years. Each “role” composed in the song was lived by the author himself. With the help of his wife, Marina, Vladi was able to make a concert tour of the USA in 1979, visit different countries, “see the world.”
Thank you for being alive!
During the poet's lifetime, not a single poem of his was published, not a single open concert was allowed. After the death of V. Vysotsky, a collection of the poet’s poems was published in Moscow - "Nerve"(1981), compiled by R. Rozhdestvensky; later - a small volume of his prose.
For special services in creativity, more than 20 monuments (and the same number of memorial plaques) were erected to Vladimir Vysotsky on the territory of the former USSR; 4 more monuments to the poet were erected in foreign countries.
Monuments to Vladimir Vysotsky were erected in several cities of Russia (Barnaul, Voronezh, Kaliningrad, Moscow, Novosibirsk, Samara, Pokachi, Naberezhnye Chelny), as well as in Ukraine (Melitopol, Odessa, Mariupol) and Montenegro (Podgorica). In 2013, a monument was laid in Rostov-on-Don. “Who should I thank for being alive!” - Vysotsky wrote in his famous poem. Vysotsky is alive today, thanks to human memory, which has been and continues to be nourished to this day by his poems, dramatic works, film roles, songs...
I will die someday - we always die someday, -How can you guess so that it’s not yourself - so that it’s stabbed in the back with a knife:
The murdered are spared, given a funeral service and pampered in heaven, -
I won’t say about the living, but we take care of the dead.
I'll hit my face in the dirt, I'll fall on my side -
And the soul will strike at a gallop on stolen nags,
In the marvelous gardens of Eden I will pick pale pink apples...
They galloped up - I look - before my eyes there is something not heavenly:
A non-bearing wasteland and complete nothingness - chaos.
And among nothing rose a cast gate,
And a huge stage - at the gates I looked at the gates.
How the native neighs! I humbled him with a kind word,
Yes, he barely tore the burrs out of the bast and braided his mane.
The gray-haired old man fiddled with the bolt for a long time -
And he groaned and grumbled, and could not open it - and left.
And the huge stage did not utter a single groan,
He just suddenly moved to his haunches from his numb knees.
Here the raspberries deafened with a “raspberry ringing”
Everything returned to the circle and the Crucified One hung above the circle.
And the old Apostle (he shouted over the guards, commissar),
He called someone and they started to open it again.
Someone, with a stick with a screw, strained himself, hit the rail
And how everyone rushed into that beautiful grace
I recognized the old man by the tears on his flabby cheeks:
This is Peter the old man - he is an apostle, and I am a dunce.
Here are the gardens, in which there are a ton of frozen apples...
But the gardens are guarded - and they shoot straight in the forehead.
Give us all good things, and how many good things did I demand?!
For me to have friends, and for my wife to fall on the coffin,
Well, I’ll steal seedless apples for them...
It's a pity, the gardens are guarded and they shoot straight in the forehead.
In numb hands the candles melted, like in candelabra,
Meanwhile, I raised the horses into a gallop again.
I scored, I shook these same seedless apples -
And for this they shot me in the forehead without missing a beat.
And I drove the horses away from these ruined and chilly places, -
The horses' heads are up, but I also bit the bit.
Along the cliff with a whip over the abyss a bosom of apples
I’ll bring it to you: you’ve been waiting for me from heaven!
![](https://i0.wp.com/wiki.soiro.ru/images/450px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83.jpg)
“Who should I thank for being alive!”- Vysotsky wrote in his famous poem. Vysotsky is alive today, thanks to human memory, which has been and continues to be nourished to this day by his poems, dramatic works, film roles, songs...
Vladimir Vysotsky, whose biography will be presented in this article, is a Russian poet, performer and songwriter, actor. He was born in 1938, on January 25, in a maternity hospital in Moscow, located at Shchepkina, 61/2.
Vysotsky's parents
The parents of the future poet are Semyon Vladimirovich Vysotsky and Nina Maksimovna Seregina. They lived together for about five years. Vladimir's father met another woman at the front and therefore left the family. Nina Maksimovna remarried after some time.
Young Vladimir's relationship with his stepfather did not work out from the very beginning. This man had no authority in the boy's eyes. Apparently, this was one of the reasons that Vysotsky asked his own father take him to Germany with you, where, as an officer Soviet army, Semyon Vladimirovich was sent to serve in January 1947.
Life in my youth
Vladimir Vysotsky, whose biography interests us, until October 1949 lived with his father and his second wife, Evgenia Stepanovna Likholatova, in the city of Eberswalde, in a military garrison. Then the family was returned to their homeland. The father went to serve in Kyiv, and his wife and Vladimir settled in Moscow, in Bolshoi Karetny Lane, in house No. 15. Evgenia Stepanovna lived here with her first husband, who died before the war.
Vysotsky was excused from physical education classes in the seventh grade due to ill health. Doctors discovered a murmur in his heart. They advised Volodya's parents to make sure that the boy behaved moderately - he jumped and ran less.
Company from Bolshoi Karetny
Vova, starting from the seventh grade, began to skip classes often. Sometimes he would be absent for up to a month a year. He visited the Hermitage, the garden theater, where famous artists performed, as well as cinemas located nearby: “Moscow”, “Screen of Life”, Metropol”, “Central”, etc. After visiting these places, a noisy company usually gathered at Levon Kocharyan’s apartment , who lived in the same house where Vysotsky lived, several floors above. Here friends played cards, listened to music, and drank. According to the recollections of Marina Vladi (the wife of Vladimir Semenovich, about whom we will talk later), Vysotsky first tried wine at the age of 13. this company from Bolshoi Karetny.
Faculty of Mechanics
Vladimir Vysotsky (the biography compiled by us only briefly describes the main events of his life and work) in 1955 entered the mechanical faculty of the Civil Engineering Institute. But he didn’t study there for long - he dropped out of school after three months, firmly deciding to enter drama school.
Study at the Moscow Art Theater
In the summer of 1956, Vladimir Vysotsky applied to the Moscow Art Theater and entered there the first time, to the surprise of his loved ones. Visits to the drama club, led by V.N., helped. Bogomolov. During his studies, Vladimir Semenovich met a girl who became his first wife. Her name was Iza Zhukova. She was in her third year and was a year older than Vladimir. The acquaintance occurred at the moment when Vysotsky was invited to participate in the play “Hotel Astoria” - the course work of third-year students. He played the wordless role of a soldier in it.
Iza Zhukova becomes Vysotsky's first wife
Vladimir Vysotsky will create songs for theater and cinema a little later. At this time, he was captivated by work in the theater and attended all rehearsals. Quite quickly, in a word, he became a friend among the third-year students, which was not too difficult given his sociable character. At the same time, I became closely acquainted with Iza Zhukova. He began dating this girl, and in 1957, in the fall, he persuaded her to finally move from the hostel on Pervaya Meshchanskaya to live with him. The girl only had a small suitcase, so this move did not cause much trouble for the young couple.
The wedding took place only in May next year(1958), when Iza Zhukova completed her studies and received a diploma. At the insistence of Vysotsky’s parents, she was celebrated at Bolshoy Karetny.
Iza was by that time an independent girl, so family life was not burdensome for her. The same could not be said about the 20-year-old artist. Even after becoming a family man, Vladimir Vysotsky did not change his old habits and continued to visit men’s companies, in which he was much more interested than at home. The young people soon began to have serious quarrels on this basis.
Film debut
Vladimir Vysotsky made his film debut in 1959. In the film "Peers" by Vasily Ordynsky, he played the cameo role of a student theater institute. Appearing in the frame only for a few seconds, Vladimir uttered only one phrase: “Chest and trough.”
First performance on stage
Vladimir Semenovich appeared on stage for the first time that same year. He mastered playing the guitar immediately after graduating from school and by that time had managed to create several songs own composition. He performed them on the stage of the MSU student club and was a success with the public. True, Vladimir Semenovich was not able to sing all the songs then, since P. Pospelov, a candidate member of the Politburo and one of his guards, demanded that the performance be stopped.
Vladimir Vysotsky (biography, whose photos are presented in our article) successfully graduated from the Studio School in June 1960 and was faced with the problem of choosing a place to work. Because of his youth, he wanted the thrill and novelty, so Vysotsky chose the Theater. Pushkin. At that time, Boris Ravenskikh, a new director, came to his management. He offered Vladimir only roles in the crowd, which is why he began to have breakdowns, and he began to disappear from the theater more and more often.
Songs, performances and films
Singer Vladimir Vysotsky, whose biography is presented in this article, based his work on the traditions of domestic urban romance. At the Taganka Theater since 1964, he participated in the performances “Pugachev”, “Hamlet”, “The Cherry Orchard” and others. Below is a photograph of Vladimir Semenovich while performing his role in the play “Pugachev”.
Vysotsky starred in the following films: “Vertical”, “Brief Encounters” and “The meeting place cannot be changed” (1967, 1968 and 1979, respectively), etc.
Hero of Vysotsky
He had an “avalanche” powerful temperament. The truly tragic hero of Vladimir Vysotsky is a lone rebel, a strong personality, aware of doom, but not even allowing the thought of surrender. In comic genres, Vladimir easily changed social masks, while achieving absolute recognition of his “sketches from life.” In dramatic roles and “serious” songs, a deep force came out, a longing for justice, tearing at the soul. Vladimir Vysotsky (biography, whose personal life in subsequent years is presented below) posthumously, in 1987, received the USSR State Prize.
Trip to Krasnodar region
In 1965, on November 4, the premiere of the play “Fallen and Living” took place at the Taganka Theater. In the same year, cinema offered him two roles: in the films “The Cook” and “Our House”. To participate in the first one in July-August I went to Krasnodar region Vladimir Vysotsky. The biography and personal life of this artist are described in our article, in which we tried to include the most significant episodes related to the life and work of Vladimir Vysotsky. These include this trip, which was necessary as an opportunity to get away from home problems at least for some time. Vladimir did not take the role itself seriously.
However, on this business trip, Vysotsky did not find the necessary peace. He started drinking again, and therefore Keosayan, the director of “The Cook,” was forced to kick him out of filming twice. However, this was not the first and not the last director to do this with Vysotsky. The same story happened at the beginning of 1965 with the actor and A. Tarkovsky.
Seeing how the whirlpool of drunkenness was sucking Vladimir deeper and deeper, relatives and friends attracted Yu. Lyubimov to their side. This was a man whose authority for Vysotsky in those years was indisputable. He persuaded him to go to the hospital.
Marriage to Marina Vladi
On December 1, 1970, Vladimir Semenovich officially registered his marriage with Marina Vladi. Immediately after the ceremony, the newlyweds went on a trip (Odessa-Sukhumi-Tbilisi). Upon arrival in Moscow, a wedding took place on 2nd Frunzenskaya. In mid-January, before the echoes of the feast in honor of the wedding had died down, after a conflict with Lyubimov, Vysotsky started drinking again and went to the Sklifosovsky Institute for three days. Vladi, distraught with despair, packed her things and went to France.
"Hamlet"
Vladimir Vysotsky in 1970, on January 24, almost strangled his wife, tore off the door, and broke the windows. In 1971, on November 29, the premiere of “Hamlet” took place at the Taganka Theater. It was Lyubimov's production. Vysotsky performed the role of Hamlet. This role, without a doubt, became a star in the career of Vladimir Semenovich. The seventies began - a time later dubbed the “era of Vysotsky.” Hamlet formed the image of Vladimir Semenovich as a fighter against the era of timelessness, and served as an impetus for further reflection on his place in the world, the chosen path, the meaning of life.
Concert activities in 1972
Vladimir's creative activity continued to gain momentum in 1972. His concert routes stretch from Moscow to Tyumen. The halls at all performances were always packed to capacity. Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky was already a very popular artist at that time. His biography can be supplemented by the appearance of numerous songs. A whole series of them comes from his pen. They became extremely popular among the people. Vladimir Vysotsky wrote and performed the following songs at that time: “We Rotate the Earth”, “Rope Walker”, “In the Reserve”, “Hymn to the Chess Crown”, “Mishka Shifman”, “Fasicky Horses” (these are only the most famous works among the people) .
Vysotsky again at the Sklifosofsky Institute
In 1977, on April 6, the premiere of “The Master and Margarita” took place at the Taganka Theater (production by Beloved). Vysotsky Vladimir Semenovich, whose biography was already marked at that time by successful work in the theater, was supposed to play the role of Ivan Bezdomny in it. However, he did not bring it to the premiere. At the beginning of April, he was again admitted to the Sklifosofsky Institute, as his body functions had shut down. One kidney did not work at all, the second barely functioned. The liver was severely damaged. Vysotsky was constantly tormented by hallucinations, he had partial swelling of the brain, and he was delirious. When Marina Vladi entered the room, Vladimir Vysotsky simply did not recognize her. The (short) biography of this man’s life is already approaching the end.
Clinical death of Vladimir Semenovich
In 1979, on July 25, exactly a year before his death, Vysotsky experienced clinical death. He went on tour at the end of July throughout Central Asia. Clinical death occurred due to the fault of the artist himself. When Vladimir ran out of drugs, he injected him with medicine used for dental treatment. Vysotsky immediately felt ill. It was only by a miracle that he was saved.
The accident that Vladimir Vysotsky survived
The biography and creativity (briefly) of the last year of his life are marked by the following events. In 1980, on January 1, Vladimir Semenovich had an accident (crashed into a trolleybus) due to the fact that the artist ran out of drugs. Vladimir Vysotsky himself (the brief biography does not describe all the details of this story) was almost unhurt, but his fellow traveler was less fortunate: Yanklovich had a concussion, and Abdulov had a broken arm. Fortunately, the accident occurred opposite the hospital, so the victims were immediately taken there.
An attempt at a cure
In 1980, on January 25, Vysotsky decided on his birthday to try to recover again. Only three guests were in his apartment that day: Shekhtman, Yanklovich and Oksana Afanasyeva. Fedotov (Vysotsky’s doctor) says that they locked themselves with him for a week in an apartment located on Malaya Gruzinskaya. The doctor put Vladimir on a drip, which relieved the withdrawal symptoms. However, psychological and physiological dependence develops from drugs and alcohol. They were able to remove the physiological one, but the psychological one was more difficult...
Death of Vysotsky
In the same year, on July 25, Vladimir’s heart stopped between 3 and 4.30 am “due to a heart attack.” Doctor A. Fedotov gave Vysotsky an injection of sleeping pills at about two o’clock in the morning, and he finally fell asleep, sitting on an ottoman in a large room. Fedotov came home from his shift exhausted and tired. So he lay down for a while and fell asleep at about three o'clock. The doctor woke up from an ominous silence. He rushed to Vysotsky, but it was too late. Cardiac arrest occurred between three o'clock and half past five. It was an acute myocardial infarction, judging by the clinic. This is how Vladimir Vysotsky died. His biography ends here, but his memory continues to live in the hearts of many.
Nationwide love
They still argue about who Vysotsky was more - a poet or an actor. Some argue that his poems and songs are very ordinary, and only the brilliant performance of them by Vladimir Semenovich makes them real works of art. Others believe that none of his roles on screen or on stage can compare in terms of talent and originality with the songs that Vladimir Vysotsky created.
His biography and work arouse constant interest. This discussion is legitimate, which will probably never end as long as they remember, watch and listen to Vladimir Semenovich. One side of his creativity is inextricably linked with the other. This must be remembered when we talk about a person like Vladimir Vysotsky. His songs are most often monologues on behalf of various characters: military men, ordinary people, fairy-tale heroes, punks... In recent years, he wrote mainly on his own behalf. The acting, acting, and deeply personal essences of Vladimir Semenovich are mixed in his work. The same mixture can be found in best roles him: on the stage - Hamlet and Galileo, on the screen - a White Guard officer ("Two Comrades Served"), a geologist ("Short Encounters"), a radio operator ("Vertical"), Gleb Zheglov ("The meeting place cannot be changed").
Memory of Vladimir Semenovich
Vysotsky’s songs are relevant and popular today. His style and manner of performance gave birth in our country new genre, called "Russian chanson". Even among the greatest personalities of Russian art, Vladimir Vysotsky did not disappear, did not get lost. This suggests that his work and life were not in vain. A photo of the monument located in Poland is presented below.
Since 1994, a permanent exhibition has been held on Gogolevsky Boulevard (Moscow), which presents amateur and professional photographs from the life of Vladimir Semenovich.
The annual “Own Track” award named after him was established in 1997. In 1999, Taganka actors staged a play called “VVS” (stands for Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky). In 2013, a film about him was released - “Thank you for being alive.” In Yekaterinburg there is a skyscraper named after Vysotsky (photo below).
So, we introduced you to such an interesting artist as Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky. short biography was described by us as succinctly as possible. However, facts about the life and work of this person can be supplemented. Today, quite a lot is known about such a great artist as Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky. A short biography, memoirs and entire books about him were created by many of his contemporaries. For example, Anatoly Utevsky, a friend of Vysotsky, to whom he dedicated a song called “On Bolshoi Karetny,” created a book about him (“And again on Bolshoi Karetny”). It describes the biography of Vladimir Vysotsky. Summary We used it (among other sources) when compiling this article.