The common spadefoot has a hard palate. Common spadefoot
Do you know where one of the most vibrant centers of cultural asceticism in Russia is located? It is located here, in the small village of Strelets, Dolgorukovsky district, Lipetsk region. I want you to remember this place and remember it every time you are told that great people in modern Russia no longer exists.
In 1821, here, in the modest house of a local priest, Joseph Vasilyevich Vasiliev was born. He will become a wonderful theologian and will help strengthen the Orthodox community in foreign countries and will forever enter world history as one of the founders of the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Paris.
This monumental temple will become an outlet and a link with the Motherland for thousands Russian emigrants. The funeral services for Ivan Turgenev, Fyodor Chaliapin, Andrei Tarkovsky and Bulat Okudzhava will be held here. Pablo Picasso and Olga Khokhlova will be married here. After the revolution of 1917, thousands of prayers for the salvation of Russia will be heard here and hundreds of memorial services will be held for the innocently murdered Russian aristocrats. Now it is difficult to imagine that once a simple native of the village of Strelets, Joseph Vasiliev, conducted complex negotiations to make his construction of the Alexander Nevsky Temple possible.
No less great people live in modern Sagittarius. In the last century, the hero of our today's material, Vladimir Nikolaevich Belolipetskikh, was born here. In 1995, at the cost of incredible efforts, he founded his own local history museum, which today has more than 7,000 exhibits. Many were skeptical about his undertakings: they say, who needs a museum in a village in which only 500 people live. But true enthusiasm is always stronger than skepticism.
How did Vladimir Nikolaevich Belolipetskikh begin the restoration of the museum? How, with the help of poetry and the desire to return spiritual life to his village, he managed to do most of work on the restoration of the Church of the Archangel Michael, founded by the father of Joseph Vasiliev? What happened to the Vasiliev estate in Strelets? How did Vladimir Belolipetskikh rescue the surviving landmarks from the estates of the Lipetsk region? And why is the temple in the homeland of the founder of the main Russian cathedral in Paris urgently in need of salvation and donations?
The village of Strelets has been known since the endXVII century. It received its name in honor of the Streltsy troops who founded the settlement here and became its first inhabitants.
The stone temple in the name of Archangel Michael in the village of Strelets was built in the first halfXIX century. Its construction was started by local priest Vasily Vasiliev.
2. Archangel Church, Church of the Archangel Michael, 1816-1836.
Father Vasily was an incredibly kind and pious man. He lived modestly - he built a small house in Sagittarius. It was surrounded by a plot of land with an orchard and the necessary outbuildings.
3. The current museum in Strelets was built on the preserved foundation of the house of priest Vasily Vasiliev.
The Vasiliev family raised eight children. The descendants of Vasily Vasiliev also connected their lives with serving God. Several of his sons became priests, and his daughters married priests. Their memories of childhood in Sagittarius, their father's parish and parental home always helped them.
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The most famous son Vasily Vasiliev became Joseph Vasiliev. He began his theological education in the Oryol province and continued in St. Petersburg. Joseph Vasiliev was always distinguished by his diligence in his studies and constantly expanded his horizons.
One day he became seriously interested in studying the topic of presence Orthodox Church V Western countries and its diplomatic relations with other faiths. This important aspect he dedicated his entire life to church activities scientific work. It was he who determined his future mission. Having become familiar with scientific works Father Vasily, the church leadership appointed him priest of the embassy church in Paris. At that time, the center of Orthodoxy in Paris was located in an ordinary residential building. Its area was extremely small. From the first minutes of his service in Paris, Father Joseph conceived the construction of a large Orthodox church in the capital of France. But his plans were not destined to be realized immediately. Having waited out the revolutions in France and Italy, conducting long and incredibly difficult negotiations with the authorities and collecting money for the construction of the temple, Joseph Vasiliev was still able to achieve a decision on the construction of the temple.
Joseph Vasiliev.
5. Sagittarius population: about 500 people. The number of exhibits in the museum is more than 7000.
The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral was built according to the design of architects Roman Kuzmin and Ivan Storm in the eclectic style. The solemn ceremony of consecration of the cathedral took place in 1861. This cathedral was destined to become a spiritual island of Russia in Paris. After the revolution on Sunday services one could meet many Russian aristocrats who, fleeing death and prison, were forced to leave their native country.
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Paris.
For a long time, the museum in Strelets had the status of a People's Museum and existed only due to the enthusiasm of Vladimir Belolipetsky and his assistants.
The family of Joseph Vasiliev is mentioned in the work of Valentin Pikul - the short story “Like Grass in a Field”:
- « Those were the forties - the formidable years of Nikolaev. The Theological Academy of the capital has always been considered a strict institution; this is not a seminary in a fertile province, where students drink and eat pickles. They taught hard. Latin, Greek, philosophy, history...
At that time, a certain Osip Vasiliev graduated from the academy - from a very poor, almost beggarly family, but the guy was surprisingly smart and educated. His master's thesis "On the primacy of the Pope", written in Latin, revealed greater depth knowledge of the history of the church, they began to assign him a professorship. But the student refused the department, saying that he wanted to serve as a priest. The Synod did not object; the synodal rulers announced to it authoritatively:
- OK. Nowadays the embassy church of Paris needs just a priest... But first, get married.”
Osip chose his wife from the six daughters of the priest of the church at the Volkov cemetery, Evfimiya Flerov... “Osip Vasiliev, after mature reflection, chose Annushka, fortunately she studied at the Zalivkina boarding school and French understood. At that time, daughters of priests were hardly taught, considering that they could live without education, but the cemetery priest was ahead of his time, and his girls even danced like Smolyankas...
Immediately after the wedding, the young dean and his wife left for Paris, and arrived there just in time for the revolution, when the people overthrew King Louis Philippe, barricades were erected in the streets, the windows had to be covered with pillows, from which bullets stuck in feathers were shaken out in the morning. To the sound of gunfire, Anna Efimovna, without much effort, and even with some pleasure, hastily gave birth to her first daughter, and then they went, how they went - daughter after daughter, just have time to leaf through the calendar in order to choose a worthy name for the baptism of the newborn.
Sometimes Madame Vasilyeva took her children for a walk - to Parc Monceau and back. All the girls were in little white dresses, in identical Pruneel shoes, all in identical hats “a la furore”, each younger one held on to the belt of the eldest one walking in front, and the mother herself from time to time handed out frivolous “pandyrs” to them so that they would behave decorously and decently ..."
7. Memorial sign.
Father Joseph Vasiliev died at home from a stroke in Gatchina. During the funeral service for Father Joseph in the Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg, many St. Petersburg residents were present. Metropolitans were also present at the funeral service, which was a symbol of special respect for the personality of the deceased. Joseph Vasiliev was buried on the territory of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. IN Soviet years his grave was destroyed. Some sources say that the burial site of Anatoly Sobchak is currently located on the site of Father Joseph’s grave.
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It seemed that during the Soviet years the name of Father Joseph Vasiliev was consigned to oblivion. But that's not true! All this time he was honored in the homeland of the famous Orthodox figure - in the village of Strelets. Local activist, honored cultural worker Vladimir Nikolaevich Belolipetskikh became the permanent custodian of the memory of Joseph Vasiliev.
9. Vladimir Nikolaevich Belolipetskikh.
WITH early youth he was endowed with poetic talent and constantly organized cultural events for residents of the Dolgorukovsky district. Locals admit: they were not afraid for the cultural education of their children because Vladimir Nikolaevich sensitively guided them.
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11. Hall of Folk Life
In the eighties of the last century, Vladimir Belolipetskikh decided to open a local history museum in the village of Strelets on the basis of the local palace of culture. At that time, the “reanimation” of memories of history and Orthodox landmarks was still outlandish. Some village residents did not support Vladimir Nikolaevich’s initiatives. Like, who needs this museum in a village where only 500 people live?
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But Vladimir Belolipetskikh thought big - he wanted to instill in the villagers a love for their homeland, tell them about the Vasilyev family and the sights of the village, revive the Forgiven Well and the Temple of the Archangel Michael, preserve objects and valuables from the former estates of the Dolgorukovsky district. Despite the criticism, the majority of Sagittarius residents supported the activist’s initiatives. The long and painstaking work of collecting exhibits for the museum began. Vladimir Belolipetskikh found some of these unique things himself. For example, a lion from the estate of Vasily Sheremetev on the shore Fast Pine he saw some of his friends in the yard. During the revolution of 1917, the estate was destroyed, and all its valuables were taken home. The lion who was saved by Vladimir Belolipetskikh became the only “living” witness to the prosperity of this noble estate. A similar story happened with some items in the “estate” corner of the museum: antique furniture, books, interior items.
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Over time, the Museum of the History of Sagittarius no longer fits into the local cultural center. Vladimir Nikolaevich began to ask local authorities assistance in the construction of a new building for the museum.
15. And this is how Sagittarius and the Temple of Michael the Archangel looked in the 19th century.
In 1995, the generally renovated museum opened its doors, but in a separate building. It was built on a fragment of the foundation of the destroyed Vasiliev estate. A memorial sign was installed next to the museum. Since then, the museum, created by Vladimir Belolipetskikh, has received relative autonomy. It existed on donations from citizens. And its leader did not receive a salary for his work for several decades.
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Answering the question about salary, Vladimir Nikolaevich is embarrassed. He emphasizes that all his life he created the museum from the bottom of his heart, without material motivations into account. But he is happy to tell stories about the people who helped the museum.
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Many exhibits of the Streletsky Museum were donated to Vladimir Belolipetsky by patrons. Thus, one of the pearls of his “estate” collection is the lifetime edition of “Kozma Prutkov” by the Zhemchuzhnikov brothers. In the century before last, the Zhemchuzhnikov estate was located not far from Strelets. The rare edition was a gift to the museum from a Lipetsk collector.
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21. Sagittarius - village military glory. On December 9, its residents will celebrate the Day of Liberation of the village from the Nazi invaders
Vladimir Belolipetskikh has an amazing ability to interestingly present facts from the history of Sagittarius. One of the most interesting stands in his museum is a stand dedicated to UFO visits to the village. There were several eyewitnesses to this phenomenon. At the request of Vladimir Nikolaevich, one of the witnesses to the mystical incident described her impressions on a piece of paper and even drew an alien.
22. Andrey Naydenov holds an antique frame in his hands.
23. Corner of estates. Miraculously surviving objects left over from several estates in the Lipetsk region
Now the museum's exhibition includes more than 7,000 items. These are exhibits. Related to the history of the founding of the village, folk crafts, the Vasiliev family, neighboring estates, the years of the Great Patriotic War and modernityVladimir Nikolaevich Belolipetskikh admits: the creation of such a huge museum became possible only thanks to the kindness and responsiveness of the Russian people.
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Gradually, a cultural and historical center of the village began to form near the museum. Was built memorial complex and a small park near it. Students from a local school help Vladimir Belolipetsky with the museum. They also help him conduct excursions, which lately are coming to Sagittarius more and more often.
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26. WITH wonderful people, famous local historians and real devotees: Alexander Klokov, Andrei Naydenov and Vladimir Belolipetsky.
Residents of Sagittarius have dreamed for many decades that their Temple of the Archangel Michael would be restored. During the Soviet years it fell into a state of extreme desolation. Vladimir Belolipetskikh often described this temple in his poems. In addition, the fame of the huge rural museum in Strelets gradually began to “rattle” both in the Lipetsk region and beyond.
27. The temple was restored from ruins at the expense of the Energia plant and its director Vladimir Aleksandrovich Antipenko
And this is what the temple looked like in 2008 before restoration.
Author of the photo: Irina Bukhtiyarova Taken: June 4, 2008
To restore the temple, Vladimir Belolipetskikh managed to attract the Yelets philanthropist - the head of the Energia plant, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Antipenko. Thanks to a patron's donation, the Church of St. Michael the Archangel was literally restored from ruins. Today there is a surprisingly bright atmosphere here and parish life is going on. And also, frequent guests in Sagittarius are schoolchildren from the Lipetsk region. Conducts here for children interesting excursions with a meal in the temple. Most of financial liability The parish of the Church of the Archangel Michael takes responsibility for the excursions.
28. Due to absence modern system heating, the temple suffers greatly from cold and dampness.
However, not all is well in the temple. Due to the lack of gas, heating in the temple premises comes from a boiler. Elderly residents of the village, lifting heavy wood, selflessly stoke the boiler so that the parishioners do not freeze during the service. On weekdays, cold and damp cause enormous damage to icons and walls in the temple. Residents of Sagittarius dream of insulating the temple, but for now this is a real luxury for them. The cost of all necessary work is about 900 thousand rubles. Streltsy residents believe that a miracle will definitely happen and money will be found to heat their temple. Just as he once found money for the construction of the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Paris. great fellow countryman Iofif Vasiliev.
29. Residents of Sagittarius will welcome any donations to the temple
The village of Strelets became a real discovery for me. Traveling around Russia, I saw many passionate people. But meeting Vladimir Belolipetskikh made an incredibly strong impression on me. This man was able to create a huge local history museum in a small village. An incredibly conceptual and rich museum in the village! Not every city has such stunning exhibitions! Vladimir Belolipetskikh has become a symbol of the fact that any undertaking can be carried out if there is a desire
I am concerned about the state of the temple in Sagittarius. It may suffer the fate of dozens of Russian churches, the heroic restoration of which came to naught due to dampness and cold. Friends, let's help Vladimir Nikolaevich and the village residents raise the necessary amount of money to organize gas heating in the church! By transferring even a small amount, we will increase the chances of Streltsy residents joining the co-financing program and other conditions under which the goal can be achieved! These people are an example of true patriots. I am sure that our feasible donation will give them an incentive to do more more quantity good deeds and achievements!
You can transfer money for the temple to the “Mir” card belonging to Vladimir Nikolaevich Belolipetskikh: 2202 2002 7079 2466
Vladimir Nikolaevich’s phone number for questions about donations and organizing excursions: 8-905-683-14-32
I thank Vladimir Nikolaevich Belolipetskikh for the warm welcome, interview and historical data about the village of Strelets!
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Common spadefoot | |
Scientific classification | |
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Kingdom: |
Animals |
Type: |
Chordata |
Class: |
Amphibians |
Squad: |
Anurans |
Family: |
Garlics |
Genus: |
Garlics |
View: |
Common spadefoot |
International scientific name | |
Pelobates fuscus (Laurenti, 1768) |
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Species in taxonomic databases | |
CoL | |
Common spadefoot, or thick-headed weed(lat. Pelobates fuscus) - a species of the spadefoot family.
Description
The sizes are small - 70-80 mm; the head is large, the body is stocky, the hind limbs are relatively short. The skin is smooth, colored light gray or brownish on top with brown or blackish spots and red dots of varying sizes. There is always a light stripe along the back. The belly is light, often with dark gray spots. Characteristic Features appearance spadefoot is a vertical pupil and a bulge of the forehead between the eyes, as well as a garlic smell - a poisonous secretion of the skin glands, which is toxic to small animals, and in humans only causes irritation of the mucous membranes. It is for the specific smell of this secretion that the spadefoot got its name. The mating calluses of males are not located on the fingers, as in most tailless amphibians, but on the shoulders.
Spreading
The range of the common spadefoot is located within the borders of Central and Eastern Europe, Western Asia. IN Saratov region lives everywhere, but in the Right Bank it has a higher population.
Habitats and lifestyle
Common spadefoot larva
Found in mixed and deciduous forests, in agricultural landscapes (fields, vegetable gardens, orchards). In the Volga region, it settles in floodplains and along the banks of various reservoirs.
The common spadefoot is one of the most land species among amphibians of the Saratov region. Leads a terrestrial twilight-nocturnal lifestyle, visiting a body of water only during the reproductive period. During the day they are active in reservoirs during the spawning period and rainy weather. During the day, amphibians burrow into the ground using their hind limbs with a large calcaneal tubercle, as well as the distal part of the urostyle. Within 2-5 minutes they burrow, as a rule, to a depth of 10-15 cm, where it is not as dry and hot as on the surface. Underground, the spadefoot is located in a horizontal position. Due to this way of life, spadefoots prefer soils of light mechanical composition (sand, sandy loam, loam, cultivated fields).
In spring they appear in late March - early April. For reproduction, permanent, non-drying water bodies (lakes, flooded pits, etc.) are chosen with clean water and rich vegetation. Sometimes it can be found in small holes, small puddles, ditches, road ruts filled with melt water.
During mating, the male grabs the female by the body in front of the hips (inguinal amplexus). Reproduction takes place under water at a temperature of +8°C and above. Males make gurgling sounds like “knock... knock... knock”. Spawning continues until the end of May - the first ten days of June. The clutch is a cord up to 1 m long, usually 35-50 cm, consisting of 350-3200 eggs with a diameter of 1.5-2.5 mm.
After about 5-9 days, tadpoles 4-5 mm long appear. Their gill opening (spiraculum) is located on the left side of the body and is directed backward and upward. The anus is located on midline bodies. Oral disc of tadpoles oval shape, is surrounded on almost all sides (except for the notch at the top) by labial papillae. The denticles are randomly arranged in several rows of intermittent and solid rows above and below the horny jaws (beak). The upper fin of the tail is high; the end of the tail is pointed. Tadpoles first stay in the bottom part of the reservoir, and then, having reached a length of four to five centimeters, appear in the water column and at its surface. Larval development can last from 58 to 140 days. Before metamorphosis (the transformation of the larva into an adult animal), the length of the tadpole is one and a half times the size of the females. The emergence of young individuals 15-35 mm long from reservoirs is observed from the first half of July to the end of August. They live in damp areas (in grass, leaf litter, under stones, fallen trees, etc.) near water bodies. Sexual maturity occurs in the 3rd year of life.
Adults, in addition to their own burrows, use rodent burrows as shelters. When they see danger, spadefoots take a defensive pose - they swell, rise on their paws, sometimes open their mouths, and make sounds.
Spadefoots leave for the winter at the end of September - October. They overwinter on land, burrowing into the ground or using rodent burrows, sometimes in wells and cellars.
Nutrition
The composition of the spadefoot's food is quite diverse and is largely determined by the seasonal dynamics of the fauna of its prey habitats. Spadefoot spadefoots feed in the evening and at night (from 21-22 to 2-4 hours). The increase in the degree of their night activity depends not only on temperature environment, but also humidity: than more humidity, the higher their activity. The daily diet ranges from 200 mg in spring (April) and autumn (October), to 400 mg in summer (June - August). During the entire active period, one spadefoot moth kills more than 2000 animals and utilizes 80-100 g of biomass. The basis of amphibian nutrition consists of hemiptera, coleoptera, hymenoptera, arachnids and other invertebrate animals. At the same time, most of the prey consists of animals weighing 5-20 mg and body length 6-15 mm.
The main food of tadpoles during the first period of their development is detritus, and then they switch mainly to plant food, which can be up to 70%.
Limiting factors and status
The enemies of spadefoots are reptiles (common and water snakes), birds (great bittern, gray heron, falcon, hoodie, magpie, etc.) and mammals (muskrat, common fox, stone and pine marten etc.), in some cases they are eaten by fish (common pike, perch). Huge number tadpoles die from drying out water bodies.
The common spadefoot is not one of the rare species Saratov region, and in some places it reaches high numbers. Protected by the Berne Convention (Annex II). IN special measures The species does not need protection.
Literature
- Fauna of the Saratov region. Book 4. Amphibians and reptiles: Textbook. allowance / G. V. Shlyakhtin, V. G. Tabachishin, E. V. Zavyalov, I. E. Tabachishina. - Saratov: Publishing house Sarat. University, 2005. - pp. 21-24
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