Clouds that completely cover the sky are called. Classification of clouds by tiers and main forms
Almost every person dreams of beauty; he compares his big dreams with the summer season. Summer is famous for its beautiful and hot weather, which provokes us to do only good and active deeds. Many people are looking forward to the summer period because of the upcoming and long-awaited vacation. Whatever dreams people have, everyone is interested in what summer 2019 will be like?
It would seem that the summer period of this year has only recently arrived, and we are already wondering about the upcoming hot season. It is important to highlight that it is not possible to give accurate and reliable forecasts at the moment. Even highly qualified weather forecasters will not be able to provide accurate data regarding upcoming natural phenomena these days. All calculations will be only preliminary, since nature is full of surprises, it will not be possible to plan any important events for such a long time.
What will summer 2019 be like?
In most regions of our Russia, the hot season begins in May. The hottest but freshest weather is expected for this month. Often the street thermometer on these dates reaches 30 warm degrees.
Approximately the same temperature regimes are planned to occur in the future. Hot and stable weather is expected in May. The problem is, will the summer of 2019 be hot? – is decided in the month of July. This summer period has long been considered the hottest among the other months of the same season.
What the summer of 2019 will be like can be decided by signs from the people. It is important to note that previously folk wisdom was considered the optimal data regarding upcoming weather events. In real modern times, a lot has changed, thanks to various cataclysms and the negative influence of man himself, nature has rebelled, so it is sometimes not subject to various forecasts.
Not a single weather forecaster can determine what weather awaits the residents of Russia in a few months, let alone a whole year ahead. Despite this, many residents of the capital are interested in the question: what will summer be like in Moscow in 2017? However, experienced scientists have made some predictions based on periods of solar activity. One such period of activity lasts 11 years. The last such period began in 2010 and will end in 2021. The Sun is considered to be the most active for 3-4 years at the beginning of the period. At this time, sharp temperature fluctuations are characteristic, ranging from the lowest to abnormal heat in various parts of the planet. In addition, changes in the weather may be accompanied by prolonged downpours and strong winds.
Towards the end of the period of solar activity there usually comes a time of weather equilibrium. This is exactly the moment the planet is going through right now.
Weather forecast for summer 2017 for all of Russia.
The forecast of weather forecasters, based on these data from scientists, states that June 2017 for Russia will be cooler than in previous coming years. The first ten days of the month will be more or less warm, in mid-June a significant drop in air temperature is expected, the end of the month will be warm, but with a lot of heavy rain.
The second month of summer for the entire country will be quite warm, but without much heat. June showers will be replaced by steady warmth, but rain is expected in the middle of the month. The end of July also promises to be warm.
The highest temperature in Russia is expected, as expected, in August. The highest temperature of summer 2017 will last about two weeks in August, then it will be replaced by cold showers and winds.
Weather forecast 2017 for Moscow.
Observations of weather forecasters in Moscow for many years allow us to make an approximate forecast for the year ahead.
Already at the beginning of June, the summer sun will be hot in the capital. It will rain periodically throughout the month. About 8 are expected here in the first month of summer. Due to this, the air temperature in the capital at night can drop to 7 degrees above zero. Such rains can lead to the formation of morning fogs in Moscow. The average daily temperature in Moscow in June 2017 will be 22 degrees. Several days are expected when the air temperature rises to 30 degrees. June 22 will be the longest day and shortest night in the capital. Native omens say that if there is rain at the beginning of June, the rest of the month will be dry and warm, and the abundance of morning dew indicates a good harvest.
July in the Russian capital is not expected to be the most pleasant time due to persistent heat and dust on the city streets. At this time, there is a high probability of fires occurring outside the city. During the day in July it will be unbearably stuffy. The daytime temperature will warm up to 30 degrees. The average temperature at night will be 17 degrees above zero. July is the best time to spend your weekend outside the city in nature near some body of water or even go on vacation for a couple of weeks. Signs say that if fog rises over the lake early in the morning, then the whole day will be warm. People also noticed that the hotter July is, the colder December will be.
The hottest period of summer occurs at the beginning of August, but already in the middle of it you will begin to feel the approach of autumn. August is expected to be the month with the highest levels of humidity, but not much rain is expected this month. In the middle of the month the average temperature will be about 22 degrees above zero. But the nights in the last month of summer will be quite cold. The night temperature will be 5 degrees. Previously it was believed that if the morning of August 7 was cool, then the winter would be harsh and frosty.
The largest number of sunny days in Russia is expected, of course, in the south of the country. Already in May, the region is preparing to welcome guests who can enjoy the summer sun here until October. But in the north, only July will provide the opportunity to sunbathe. Despite this, all Russians will have enough solar energy to charge themselves for the whole year ahead.
Everyone has seen clouds. They can be large and small, almost transparent and very thick, white or dark, pre-storm. Taking different shapes, they resemble animals and objects. But why do they look like that? We'll talk about this below.
What is a cloud
Anyone who has flown an airplane has probably “passed” through a cloud and noticed that it looks like fog, only it is not directly above the ground, but high in the sky. The comparison is quite logical, because both are ordinary steam. And it, in turn, consists of microscopic droplets of water. Where do they come from?
This water rises into the air as a result of evaporation from the surface of the earth and water bodies. Therefore, the greatest accumulation of clouds is observed over the seas. Over the course of a year, about 400 thousand cubic kilometers evaporate from their surface, which is 4 times higher than that of land.
What are they? It all depends on the state of the water that forms them. It can be gaseous, liquid or solid. It may seem surprising, but some clouds are actually made of ice.
We have already found out that clouds are formed as a result of the accumulation of a large number of water particles. But to complete the process, a connecting link is needed to which the drops will “stick” and gather together. Often this role is played by dust, smoke or salt.
Classification
The altitude of the location largely determines what clouds are formed from and what they will look like. As a rule, the white masses that we are used to seeing in the sky appear in the troposphere. Its upper limit varies depending on geographic location. The closer the area is to the equator, the higher standard clouds can form. For example, over an area with a tropical climate, the boundary of the troposphere is located at an altitude of approximately 18 km, and above the Arctic Circle - 10 km.
Cloud formation is also possible at high altitudes, but they are currently poorly studied. For example, pearlescent ones appear in the stratosphere, and silvery ones appear in the mesosphere.
Tropospheric clouds are conventionally divided into types depending on the altitude at which they are located - in the upper, middle or lower tier of the troposphere. Air movement also has a big influence on cloud formation. In calm environments, cirrus and stratus clouds form, but if the troposphere moves unevenly, the likelihood of cumulus clouds increases.
Upper tier
This gap covers a section of the sky at an altitude of more than 6 km and to the edge of the troposphere. Considering that the air temperature here does not rise above 0 degrees, it is easy to guess what clouds in the upper tier are formed from. It can only be ice.
Based on their appearance, the clouds located here are divided into 3 types:
- Cirrus. They have a wavy structure and can look like individual threads, stripes or entire ridges.
- Cirrocumulus consist of small balls, curls or flakes.
- Cirrostratus They represent a translucent semblance of fabric “covering” the sky. These types of clouds can stretch across the entire sky or occupy only a small area.
The height of the cloud in the upper tier can vary greatly depending on various factors. It can be several hundred meters or tens of kilometers.
Middle and lower tier
The middle layer is a part of the troposphere, usually located between 2 and 6 km. Altocumulus clouds are found here, which are voluminous gray or white masses. They consist of water in the warm season and, accordingly, ice in the cold season. The second type of cloud is altostratus. They have and often completely cover the sky. Such clouds carry precipitation in the form of drizzle or light snow, but they rarely reach the surface of the earth.
The lower tier represents the sky directly above us. Clouds here can be of 4 types:
- Stratocumulus in the form of blocks or shafts of gray color. Precipitation may occur unless temperatures are too low.
- Layered. They are located below all the others and are gray in color.
- Nimbostratus. As can be understood by the name, they carry precipitation, and, as a rule, they are of a blanket nature. These are gray clouds that do not have a specific shape.
- Cumulus. Some of the most recognizable clouds. They look like powerful heaps and clubs with an almost flat base. Such clouds do not bring precipitation.
There is one more species that is not included in the general list. These are cumulonimbus clouds. They develop vertically and are present in each of the three tiers. Such clouds bring showers, thunderstorms and hail, so they are often called thunderstorms or showers.
Cloud Lifespan
For those who know what clouds are formed from, the question of their lifespan may also be interesting. Humidity levels play a big role here. It is a kind of source of vitality for the clouds. If the air in the troposphere is dry enough, the cloud will not last long. If the humidity is high, it can float in the sky longer until it becomes more powerful to produce precipitation.
As for the shape of the cloud, its lifespan is very short. Water particles tend to constantly move, evaporate and appear again. Therefore, the same cloud shape cannot be maintained even for 5 minutes.
Dreamers, scientists, naturalists and you love to look at clouds and also observe them. While you might be tempted to call that big fluffy cloud "heavy, rainy, or dark," you may find it more interesting (and helpful) to use the correct terminology if you want to understand cloud classifications. First invented by the English scientist Luke Howard, the classification of clouds is divided depending on their height: low, medium or high, their shape: cumulus and stratus, and also based on the weather that creates them.
Steps
Cloud shapes
Identify clouds by shape. There are two forms:
High clouds
- The plane's tracks are also located at this level of the earth's atmosphere.
- During sunset and sunrise, the high clouds turn into beautiful shades of red, orange and yellow.
- The glow around the moon or sun comes from feather clouds. Sometimes it can indicate rain or snow, especially when accompanied by thick, low clouds.
- Often feather clouds partially obscure the sun.[)
Look at the high clouds (or simply "high clouds"). They are at an altitude of approximately 5,943 meters and 12,954 meters. They include cirrus, cirrostratus and cumulus clouds. They are usually filled with ice crystals and have vague outlines. They are also thin and smoky.