New weapons in the world. Armament of the Russian army
Experts spoke about developments that will completely change the military “alignments”
Russia is developing sixth-generation weapons that can change the nature of modern wars. Such a statement close to science fiction was made by Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin, saying that Russian fund advanced research (analogous to the American DARPA) is now carrying out practical activities to implement 23 similar projects, and by the end of the year their number will increase to 40. “Each project is the basis of the sixth technological structure,” the Deputy Prime Minister emphasized, adding that these weapons will ultimately will lead to a new type of non-contact wars, in which there will be no combat losses in principle.
"MK", together with military experts, tried to figure out what newest types weapons and military equipment will appear in the world in the near future.
It is still difficult to imagine sixth-generation weapons in detail, given that most Russian equipment and weapons belong to the third or fourth generation. Chief Editor magazine "National Defense" Igor Korotchenko told MK that sixth-generation weapons are, first of all, highly intelligent weapons systems that will implement the principle of non-contact warfare and automatic selection and destruction of targets depending on conditions combat use on the battlefield.
- This is an intellectual weapon. It's about about all areas, starting from combat biological systems, biotechnical systems and ending with developments in the field of new products high-precision destruction targets, including under water,” Korotchenko explained. - The main requirements are the ability to conduct network-centric warfare, artificial intelligence in weapons systems and military equipment.
"Electronic pilots" and "smart" missiles
Of course, sixth-generation weapons - for now this is still something in the field science fiction, and it’s too early to talk about when the first samples will be “under arms”; perhaps this will happen in 15-20 years. Now the armies of the world are switching to fifth-generation weapons, and here Russia already has something to boast about.
First of all, this is the newest fighter, which will begin to enter the Russian Air Force in 2016. The T-50 is a fifth-generation aircraft, which is equipped with a fundamentally new avionics complex that integrates the “electronic pilot” function and an advanced phased array radar. It is made using stealth technology, that is, it is hardly noticeable to radars.
The T-50 can also reach supersonic speeds without turning on the afterburner. At the end of April, the aircraft received one of the important elements - the station electronic warfare"Himalayas".
The US Air Force already has a fighter in service F-22 Raptor, which is now the only fifth-generation fighter in service. Development of the “five” is also underway in China. In addition to the fifth generation fighter, Russia is developing a promising long-range aviation complex (PAK DA).
- This is a new Russian strategic bomber fifth generation, it will be subsonic and is considered as a carrier of cruise missiles, the launches of which will be carried out without entering the enemy’s air defense coverage area. The main task of the aircraft is to arrive unnoticed in the specified area and carry out a massive launch of highly intelligent cruise missiles, and the missiles for it will be adaptive, Korotchenko explained. “They themselves will analyze the formation of the enemy’s air defense based on the analysis of radar intercepts and determine the possibility of a breakthrough in order to be guaranteed to hit the target. According to data from open sources, the aircraft will be made according to the “flying wing” design, using stealth technology.
"Drones" - destroy the target, save the wounded
The latest unmanned aerial vehicles (), according to Korotchenko, fall into the category between the fifth and sixth generation. It is known that in the coming years the United States will begin testing a new “drone” ARES, which will have to perform various auxiliary tasks on the battlefield, such as: delivering cargo to remote garrisons or transporting wounded soldiers, and, of course, conducting reconnaissance of the area. In addition, a promising project of a multi-purpose unmanned vehicle for the army was announced.
If we talk about attack UAVs, then the United States still holds a leading position here. Now in service American army there are UAVs MQ-1 Predator and new MQ-9 Reaper. By 2020, it is planned to create such a basic UAV platform that can be used in all theaters of military operations.
The new “drone” will stay in the air longer and will be able to perform tasks in difficult weather conditions, automatically take off, land and enter the combat patrol area. In addition, it will be capable of intercepting air targets, conducting direct support ground forces, and carry out reconnaissance, conduct electronic warfare, and also suppress enemy air defense systems.
Unfortunately, in Russia we can only dream of creating a UAV of this level.
“The Sukhoi company is building a combat drone using stealth technology, a number of design bureaus in Kazan are implementing the concept of attack drones,” Korotchenko said. - Over the past 20 years, we have fallen behind in many ways and now it is important to develop a base.
"Armata" - a command tank for robots
Where we are so far “ahead of the rest” is in the development of the fifth generation Armata combat platforms, on the basis of which we have already next year should appear newest tank.
“The fifth generation tank is a combat platform on the basis of which a tank, heavy infantry fighting vehicle, repair and recovery and special vehicles will appear,” Korotchenko said.
According to some reports, the tank will have digital control, and the crew will be housed in an isolated armored capsule. The Armata will be equipped with a 125 mm cannon, which will be controlled remotely. The tank will be able to withstand hits from any type of modern and advanced weapons.
There are no similar developments underway in the West.
In this direction, in addition to Russia, China is working, which created the Type-99 tank, Korea - the K-1 tank and Japan with the newest Type-10 tank, - told MK military expert Viktor Murakhovsky. According to the expert, the newest tank can seriously change the balance of power in the modern theater of operations.
“First of all, this is a new layout, unlike any other tank, it increases the survivability of the crew on the battlefield by an order of magnitude,” says Murakhovsky. - Another important element: the tank has its own on-board information and control system, which automates many processes, for example, target tracking.
In the future, the crew of such a tank on the battlefield will be able to control several robotic platforms.
"Umbrella" from earth to space
Fifth-generation weapons also include anti-aircraft missile systems, which can also hit intercontinental ballistic missiles in space. S-500 belongs to a new generation anti-aircraft missiles ground-to-air systems, which are designed to intercept ballistic missiles with a flight range of up to 3.5 thousand kilometers and speeds of up to 5 km per second. According to the stated characteristics, the S-500 air defense system must detect and simultaneously hit up to 10 supersonic targets at a range of up to 600 km, that is, in near space. According to the military, these systems should appear in service as early as 2016.
According to Viktor Murakhovsky, the S-500 system itself is not capable of changing the balance of power.
— In the future, leading countries will create complex integrated aerospace defense systems, which will include detection equipment ground type, including long-range ones - such as over-the-horizon missile attack warning stations. As well as satellites that combine optical tracking outer space, long-range radar detection aircraft,” said Murakhovsky. - Fire weapons will also be included in this unified single system, with everything from portable anti-aircraft missile complex and ending with the promising A235 anti-missile system and the S-500 air defense system. In this aspect, it will have a strong impact on the prospects for conducting combat operations in the future.
Riding hypersound
The weapons that will occupy the niche between the fifth and sixth generations are hypersonic missiles. Now the United States is testing the X-51A Waverider prototype, which, according to the stated characteristics, should reach speeds of up to 6.5-7.5 thousand km/h. After several unsuccessful launches, in 2013 this rocket flew 426 kilometers in six minutes, reaching a speed of about 5 thousand km/h.
The development of this miracle weapon, which in its significance is compared to the creation atomic bomb, was carried out by the Americans as part of the “prompt global strike” program, the main goal of which was to reduce the flight time of high-precision cruise missiles.
Similar developments are also underway in Russia, but they are at an earlier stage.
As told in July last year General Director of the Tactical Missile Weapons Corporation Boris Obnosov: “We still have rockets flying at hypersound, but we need not a short-term, but a stable flight of a rocket at hypersound in the atmosphere. We need to achieve long-term flight and not at low hypersonic levels.” Hypersound starts at speeds of Mach 4.5 and higher: it is necessary to create a rocket that would fly at speeds of 6 Mach, 10 Mach, 14 Mach.
The last 5 years have clearly seen a rapid increase in the armament of the Russian army. The state is significantly increasing military spending and in 2016 alone the military budget amounted to $70 billion. At the same time, 45% was spent on supplying the army, and 55% of the budget was spent on new weapons. On financing new technologies in military sphere Russia ranks 3rd after the USA and China.
Modern weapons
Evidence of the effectiveness of the modern weapons of the Russian Federation was the “Syrian exam”, where the latest military equipment and technologies were tested in real war conditions. As a result of the assessment of Russian weapons, several states immediately announced their desire to enter into contracts for the supply of weapons.
- India – S-400 air defense worth $2 billion;
- Algeria - 12 SU-34 bombers - $600 million;
- Vietnam - 100 T-90 tanks - $300 million;
- Egypt - 46 K-52 Alligator helicopters - $1.5 billion.
This is irrefutable proof of the high level of the latest technologies of the Russian army. Russia owns enough powerful weapon ensuring security and protecting the borders of the state. These are Pantsir-SA, TOR-M2DT anti-aircraft missile systems, missile and anti-missile systems Topol-M, S-400, Yars, Iskander Bal, Bastion, the notorious Armata tank, MiG-29 and Su-30SM fighters, as well as many other equipment.
Weapons of the future
The newest military technologies in the world do not stand still, and in order to keep the bar high and not allow external forces to dictate conditions, it is necessary to develop and improve weapons.
Achievements of VKS
Generation “4++” was developed by JSC RSK MiG. The aircraft is characterized by a number of advantages compared to the previous 29 model. The main ones are reduced radar signature, increased ammunition, reliability and unpretentiousness, as well as modern equipment defense complex with by means of electronic warfare. The fighter first took to the air in November 2016, and test tests began in January 2017. The first batch of 30 aircraft will enter the Russian Aerospace Forces in 2020.
High-precision, hypersonic anti-ship Zircon cruise missile worth $2 million can sink an aircraft carrier that costs almost $5 billion. This is a worthy response to the US Navy, which was previously considered invincible. Due to its record high speed (8 times faster than sound), the missile cannot be intercepted by any anti-missile system. According to experts, it is assumed that over the next 30 years the rocket will remain relevant. Tests of the Zircon were successfully completed in April 2017 and next year the missile will be equipped with ships of the Russian fleet.
The development of weapons and protective equipment is carried out by many organizations: the Kalashnikov concern, defense industry, etc. The most promising inventions are of interest to the Russian army. New products are at the development and testing stage, and some technologies have already received an order from the Russian Ministry of Defense.
Smart weapons
Weapon evolution has come a long way from spears to war machines. Today, new technologies in military technology are increasingly leaning towards the creation of self-controlled combat robots and the introduction of artificial intelligence.
State Corporation "Tactical Missile Weapons" began development cruise missile controlled by artificial intelligence. The missile will be able to make decisions on its own about the choice of altitude, speed and flight path, as well as independently search for and select a target.
The operator-controlled combat module previously presented by the Kalashnikov concern will soon be replaced by their new brainchild - a self-learning turret. A smart installation, equipped with a PC or Kord machine gun, as well as grenade launchers, will be able not only to make decisions according to the protocol, but also to accumulate experience.
Similar self-propelled and stationary robots were developed by the United Instrument-Making Corporation. Security robots are equipped with small arms and grenade launchers, radar and optical-electronic detection systems. They can work stand alone and semi offline mode. The robots have already been tested and showed excellent results. During the tests, professional military personnel played the role of saboteurs, but they were unable to get into the facility undetected.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
UAVs are widely used by almost all armies of the world, but an ordinary radio-controlled drone is already outdated, as it is easily disabled by an electronic warfare system. New technologies in military equipment are represented by “smart” drones that navigate autonomously, even in the absence of satellite communication.
Concern "Kalashnikov" after two years of testing entered the mass production. This small device takes off directly from your hands and stays in flight for up to 4 hours, performing reconnaissance or adjusting fire.
Created at the Kazan experimental design bureau "Sokol". The aircraft-type device weighs 7 tons and lifts 2 tons of cargo. The drone performs strike and transport functions. The Altair is currently being modified to increase its range and flight time.
Engineers from NPO Aerospace Technologies and JSC Elektroavtomatika created drone BAS YURIK helicopter type for transporting goods and the wounded. The device runs on a lithium ion battery. It lifts up to 120 kg into the air and reaches a speed of 200 km/h. The flight range is 50 km on a single battery charge. The quadcopter independently navigates in the air and can land anywhere.
By 2020, the Russian Navy plans to replace outdated models of ship-based unmanned aerial vehicles with new models. A small helicopter can patrol a space within a radius of 100 km, give out enemy coordinates and adjust fire. The device can also be used to deliver cargo up to 50 kg.
A sea robot border guard is also under development. An unmanned vessel will be able to autonomously patrol a given area of water for several days, communicate and report detected objects. Previously, the developers of the defense industry presented finished project robotic underwater vehicle for repair and rescue work. The Ministry of Defense is already planning to begin purchasing them.
– this is the name given to the unmanned simulator submarine created by the St. Petersburg Central Design Bureau “Rubin”. The 17 m long submarine with a displacement of 40 tons is capable of producing hydroacoustic signals characteristic of any type of submarine. The surrogate is designed to conduct exercises that are as close as possible to real combat operations. Now the exercises will be more effective and safer, and will also be much cheaper, since there is no need to involve real submarines.
Pocket drones
The United Instrument-Making Corporation (UPK) announced the development of miniature reconnaissance drones. The robot will be similar in size and appearance to a dragonfly and will be able to fly, crawl, sit on branches and wires, imitating a real insect. Even the sound of flight will be identical to that of an insect. The UAV will be equipped with a thermal imager and camera. Video information will be transmitted in HD quality. For now, intelligence can only dream of such electronic assistants, but it is quite possible that in 2-3 years the defense industry project will become a reality.
An army of robots guarding Russia
New technologies in the Russian army are still of a targeted nature, and robotic systems designed for various functions and conditions do not have clear communication. People remain the connecting link, so the full potential of robotics has not yet been revealed. The idea to unite robots and build clear coordination of the joint work of various machines came to the engineers of the Vega concern, part of the defense industry.
The problem is various systems management and software. In other words, the devices “speak” different languages and to unite them, it is necessary to unify the pairing protocol. The supercomputer being developed will become the brain of a single robotic system. The powerful computer will have a performance of 8 teraflops equal to 8 trillion operations per second. The base will be carried out on a KAMAZ chassis with high cross-country ability, which will provide mobility to the control center.
Individual developments and detailed characteristics of some types of weapons remain classified in the interests of the state.
Electronic warfare equipment
Russia is not the only power paying great attention to robots. New military technologies are also developing in the world, so you need to be ready to repel the attack of enemy robots.
Automated complex EW Bylina works autonomously and independently analyzes the situation. The device jams radars, satellites and other communications, neutralizing radio-controlled robots and eliminating the transmission of data by autonomous devices. The jammer has no effect on your equipment. Similar systems already exist in the Russian Army, but this complex will be able to work faster and cover large area without operator assistance. Bylinas will begin to be put into operation in 2018, and by 2025 all brigades will be equipped with them.
An interesting device was proposed by defense industry specialists. The complex is being developed specifically for intercepting UAVs.
The device hacks any drone in a time from 1 second to 5 minutes, takes control of it and can force it to self-destruct or strike those who launched it.
Today the Russian army is one of the strongest in the world. Its strength is made up of professional military personnel with an excellent level of special training and the latest strategic weapons. Already now, the arsenal of the Russian Armed Forces has modern, effective types of military weapons, but the latest developments, which will soon enter service, amaze with their technical and tactical characteristics. Most of them have no analogues.
Anti-tank weapons
The Kornet-D complex is designed to strike tanks and other armored targets. Effective against targets equipped with means dynamic protection. A characteristic feature of the complex is that it is controlled not by wires, but by a laser beam. This allows you to hit even air targets at a distance of up to 10 kilometers.
The Hermes complex is a multi-purpose guided weapons installation. In 2012, its mass production began for arming military helicopters. "Hermes" effectively destroys single and group targets with single or salvo fire at a distance of up to 100 kilometers. This complex is a universal type of high-precision rocket artillery for all branches of the military. It is adapted for various deployment options: ground, aviation, ship, stationary for coastal defense.
MGK "Bur" - small-sized grenade launcher system, having a reusable trigger and a single shot. In 2014, it was adopted by the Russian army. The main purpose of the complex is to destroy enemy personnel, unarmored equipment, and destroy shelters and structures. The "Bur" includes a self-contained fiberglass housing for the rocket motor and a device for launching ammunition. Its advantages: can be equipped with different types of shots, uses different types sights, can fire even from small enclosed spaces, safety in handling and high efficiency of use.
RPG-32 "Hashim" - hand-held anti-tank grenade launcher. Provides protection against enemy tanks and armored vehicles. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that it can fire grenades of various calibers depending on the targets chosen to hit. It has special system who deceives active protection tank. It fires a false projectile, which triggers the defense, and at the same time the grenade inflicts a fatal blow.
The latest nuclear missiles
Nuclear weapons are the basis for reliable defense of the state. The most common representatives of this type of weapon are the Sotka and Voevoda ICBMs. The Topol and Topol-M missiles are now being actively introduced. Such a promising one will soon enter the Armed Forces nuclear weapon new generation, such as the Barguzin BZHRK, the Sarmat RS-28 ICBM, the RS-26 Rubezh, the RS-24 Yars.
RS-24 "Yars" is a new generation nuclear weapon. The complexes began to be deployed in 2009 after the successful completion of tests. In 2015, active equipping of combat units with these missiles began.
RS-26 "Rubezh" - strategic missile launcher. Its basis is an intercontinental ballistic missile with increased accuracy. The development and improvement of the complex has been ongoing since 2006. Since 2014, after a number of tests and modernization work, the Rubezh has been adopted by the missile forces strategic purpose. In the future, this missile will replace the Topol and Topol-M.
The Sarmat RS-28 ICBM is a new generation missile. According to the original plan, it was supposed to enter service at the end of 2016. In 2015, the production of the first parts for this complex began. The complex is equipped with a heavy multi-stage liquid-fueled intercontinental ballistic missile. It differs from its predecessors in its massive means of protection against missile defense, improved flight path and hypersonic maneuvering units.
BZHRK "Barguzin" is an innovative railway missile system. At the moment, the weapon has “secret” status. Its design began in 2012 on the basis of the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering. Its deployment is planned to begin no earlier than 2018. The complex will be based on Yars or Yars-M missiles. The BZHRK will be able to move throughout the country, covering up to 1000 kilometers per day. In addition, moving along railway tracks is more economically profitable than moving an unpaved automobile complex.
Weapon
Double-medium ADS machine - unique weapon, capable of firing effectively on land and under water. It provides the ability to fire from the left and right shoulder. The machine is equipped with a removable under-barrel grenade launcher and combined mounts for all types of sights. The ADS is superior to its predecessors in accuracy and firing efficiency.
SVLK-14S is a sniper weapon with a high degree of accuracy. Capable of effectively hitting targets at a distance of up to 1.5-2 kilometers. This rifle is not a fixed model; its characteristics vary depending on its purpose. Can be attached to the barrel different types sights. The weapon has an extremely high degree of accuracy.
The 6S8 sniper complex tops the list of the best Russian large caliber rifles. The rifle was created back in 1997, but then for various reasons it did not pass all tests. After functional improvements and modernization in 2013, the complex was put into service. The rifle is designed to engage manpower, lightly armored and unarmored vehicles, and group targets at a distance of up to 1.5 kilometers. It can use a specially created cartridge, as well as the entire range of standard cartridges. It has compact dimensions and low weight, which ensures its maneuverability.
Armored vehicles and tanks
Armored personnel carriers, combat vehicles infantry, airborne combat vehicles are successfully used by the Russian military in different conditions military operations. Reliable vehicles are constantly being modernized, adapting to the requirements of the terrain and maneuvering conditions.
The latest developments to enter service are the BTR-82 and BTR-82A. These modifications have an economical engine, are equipped with an electric drive with a stabilizer for controlling the gun, and are equipped with a laser sight. They have improved reconnaissance capabilities, a fire extinguishing system, and fragmentation protection.
BMP-3 - unique war machine, which has no analogues in the world. The equipment is equipped with mine protection and has a sealed body with all-round armor. This air transportable floating machine is capable of speeds of up to 70 km/h.
The Russian T-90 tank, especially its modification T-90 SM, is equipped with an air conditioning system, an improved fire extinguishing system, and is capable of effectively hitting moving targets.
The Armata tank, a strategic development of Russian scientists, can become a unique type of weapon. The combat vehicle is currently being tested, but military experts predict that the Armata will become the most effective tank.
Aviation
Among the means air defense Su-35S aircraft and KA-52 Alligator and KA-50 Black Shark helicopters should be highlighted. The fighter has a unique weapons control system, hits targets with high precision and is capable of gaining air supremacy in a short time. “Alligator” and “Black Shark” are formidable military machines; so far no country in the world has created helicopters that would surpass them in tactical and technical characteristics.
The Russian fleet is also well equipped. Modern surface ships provide transportation of military and weapons. Submarines conduct brilliant reconnaissance operations, launch surprise attacks on the enemy, and protect territorial water borders.
The development of ultra-efficient surface-to-surface cruise missiles is also worthy of attention, including the BrahMos complex, equipped with the SK310 missile, hypersonic missile KTRV, "BrahMos-II", "Zircon-S".
TASS collected the most interesting modern weapons and equipment that attracted the attention of military experts and major media outlets
The international military-technical forum "Army-2018" became the largest in its history in terms of the number of weapons and equipment presented at it. Moreover, these are not only known throughout the world, proven over the years and participating in various armed conflicts, but also promising samples weapons and the latest developments of enterprises of the Russian military-industrial complex. Some of them are offered for export, and some will enter the Russian Armed Forces in the coming years. A lot of equipment was demonstrated to the general public for the first time.
This year there are 26,000 exhibits at the exhibition. For comparison: last year there were 18,500 of them, and in 2015, the first year of the Army’s work, about 7,000. It took Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu about six hours to inspect the forum’s exposition, which covers more than 200,000 sq. . m.
On the first day of the exhibition alone, according to the organizers, more than 100 foreign delegations arrived - from India, China, Pakistan, Armenia, Kazakhstan and a number of other countries. More than 250 journalists from China, Great Britain, the USA, Japan, France and other countries were able to see new products from the Russian defense industry and equipment already in service with the army.
Armored vehicles
The absolute hit among the armored vehicles at the exhibition was heavy infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) T-15 with a new 57-mm combat module "Dagger", as well as supersonic anti-tank missiles"Attack". This sample caused considerable excitement among military experts and journalists. The BMP was created by the Uralvagonzavod corporation (UVZ, part of Rostec) on the basis of the Armata heavy tracked unified platform.
As the developers note, rapid fire cannon The infantry fighting vehicle can use various types of ammunition (at a range of more than 14 km) and use them to destroy manpower, armored vehicles and enemy aircraft. The vehicle itself, like tanks, can withstand hits from high-precision and sub-caliber ammunition, saving the lives of the crew and troops.
State Corporation "Rostec" presented a modernized BMP-1AM "Basurmanin".
One of the most popular infantry fighting vehicles in the world received new complex weapons, modern electronics and a more powerful power plant, which led to a significant improvement in its combat characteristics. "Basurmanin" is equipped with a 30-mm combat module from the BTR-82A with an automatic cannon, a 7.62-mm PKTM machine gun, a fire control system with a combined all-day anti-aircraft sight, a two-plane weapon stabilizer, and anti-tank complex"Mestis".
Another one of the most striking exhibits of the exhibition - modernized taking into account the experience of fighting in Syria armored car "Tiger".
The vehicle received an armored engine compartment, anti-injury seats, a new air intake protected from dust and water, lattice screens on the windows and a camera with a panoramic view, the press service of the Military Industrial Company (VPK), which produces the Tiger, told TASS. Externally, it features an updated, more aggressive front end design and desert camouflage.
Also at the open area of the military-industrial complex there was another unusual novelty - armored personnel carrier BTR-87, equipped with a new combat module - a 30-mm cannon and Ataka supersonic anti-tank missiles. Its main difference from its predecessor, the BTR-82A, is the redesigned layout: the engine compartment is shifted forward, to the right of the driver, and landing is carried out through a door at the rear of the vehicle. The new layout is close to the next generation armored personnel carrier on the Boomerang platform.
Air defense systems and artillery
Concern VKO "Almaz-Antey" for the first time presented to the general public the latest anti-aircraft missile system (SAM) "Buk-M3". This modification uses new rocket, and their number was increased from four to six on one machine. The number of simultaneously fired targets has been increased to 36, and the destruction range has been increased to 70 km.
The Buk-M3 enters service with the Russian army. It was reported that units of the Southern Military District are being armed with the complexes. In the spring of this year, it became known that Rosoboronexport began promoting an export version - the Viking air defense system - to foreign markets.
An unconditional hit of the forum was another exhibit - the first production sample of the new anti-aircraft missile system (SAM) "Sosna", which will be delivered to the troops in the near future.
"New mobile complex successfully passed state tests and should replace the Strela-10M air defense system in the Russian army,” Rostec noted. "Sosna" ensures the destruction of targets at a range of up to 10 km and an altitude of up to 5 km at any time of the day. One combat vehicle carries 12 small-sized Sosna-R anti-aircraft missiles and is equipped with a high-precision optical-electronic control system protected from interference. The complex has a passive aiming system, which ensures its stealth. The air defense system can fire on the move.
Another interesting new product this year - self-propelled anti-aircraft gun"Derivation-Air Defense" with a 57-mm combat module.
The gun mount is designed to destroy drones, cruise missiles, air-to-surface missiles, and aircraft tactical aviation, fire support helicopters. It was also reported that the Burevestnik Central Research Institute (part of UVZ) will produce an anti-aircraft gun based on combat robot, the corresponding work has already been planned. According to the general director of the enterprise, Grigory Zakamennykh, modern combat vehicles, including Derivation-PVO, are initially created for automatic mode, in which the entire cycle of combat work is carried out without the participation of an operator. The operator, located outside the combat module at an automated workstation in another compartment of the vehicle, only selects the current target and gives the command to open fire.
Aviation technology
The Russian Helicopters holding presented at the forum a modernized Mi-28NE attack helicopter in a new technical appearance. The improvements affected, in particular, the helicopter's support system and power plant.
Mi-28NE. |
Source: Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation |
The Mi-28NE was demonstrated with new Khrysantema-M anti-tank guided missiles and the ability to control drones remotely (for this purpose the helicopter is equipped by special means communications). “The use of this missile will increase the range of destruction of armored targets to 10 km. The helicopter also received upgraded Ataka guided missiles with a laser guidance system and the ability to use aviation bombs weighing up to 500 kg," the holding said.
Also shown at Army 2018 were modernized Mi-35M helicopters And Mi-35P who received new line-up onboard radio-electronic equipment.
The Mi-35P received a sighting system and a new digital flight control system. On the updated Mi-35M, it is possible to modify the helicopter for use guided missiles"Igla-S" air-to-air class, as well as the on-board defense complex "President-S" with a laser station for suppressing thermal homing heads of MANPADS missiles.
On the open area was presented latest modification heavy Mi-26T2V helicopter with the latest avionics and defense systems. On the eve of the opening of the exhibition, the machine made its first flight.
“The lighting equipment of the Mi-26T2V has now been adapted for the use of night vision goggles, and new energy-absorbing crew seats have been installed in the helicopter cabin,” the press service of Russian Helicopters said. " On-board equipment The Mi-26T2V will make this helicopter even more efficient and reliable even when used in bad weather and difficult terrain,” said Andrey Boginsky, CEO of the holding. Serial production of this helicopter will begin in 2019.
The Aviation Forum pavilion demonstrated military transport Mi-171Sh with advanced features. Industry leaders also presented to the head of the military department Sergei Shoigu multi-role fighter fifth generation Su-57 and supersonic fighter MiG-31BP with the Kinzhal complex.
The Mi-171Sh helicopter is equipped with standard unguided missile weapons, bomber weapons and small arms. It is also possible to use Ataka-V guided missiles, which have a range of up to 6 km.
Marine projects
Krylovsky science Center presented his new development - preliminary design of a light aircraft carrier.
According to a company representative, new project will cost, according to preliminary estimates, almost twice as much as the previous concept of the heavy aircraft carrier "Storm". However high-quality composition the air wing (46 units) will be the same. From the accompanying materials it follows that the new aircraft carrier will have a total displacement of 44 thousand tons and will be able to carry up to 46 aircraft. Power plant The ship will be gas turbine powered.
The air group of a light aircraft carrier can consist of the same aircraft as that of a heavy one - Su-33 and MiG-29K fighters, multi-purpose and rescue helicopters, and four radar patrol aircraft.
Rostec showed a prototype underwater anti-sabotage robot "Nerpa", capable of carrying explosives and small arms.
The device is armed with an APS assault rifle. The load can also be explosives during one-time use of the device. The drone can be used to prevent violation of the boundaries of the water area, escort combat swimmers, underwater reconnaissance at a distance of up to 50 m, detect and engage targets, patrol both independently and along a given route.
The weight of the device is less than 30 kg, speed is 1 knot, power reserve is 4 hours. Immersion depth is 50 m, stable communication is provided at a distance of up to 80 m.
Special equipment
New from UVZ Corporation - universal armored engineering vehicle (UBIM), created on the basis of the T-90M tank.
In essence, UBIM is three engineering vehicles in one: a fireproof repair and recovery vehicle, an engineering mine clearing and demining vehicle. The UBIM crew consists of two people - a commander and a driver. The protected habitable compartment can accommodate three sappers. For self-defense, the vehicle is equipped with a combat module with a 12.7 mm machine gun and a sight with a thermal imager and a laser rangefinder.
Along with combat vehicles as part of the exposition of the engineering troops of the Ministry of Defense, the exhibition also showed a unique armored bulldozer B10M2S.
The main feature is the special protection of some structural parts. As a result, the operator can carry out engineering tasks calmly and safely even in the face of rockfall, falling trees, bullets and shrapnel. They also plan to strengthen it with an anti-cumulative mesh screen (they are used on tanks and serve as additional protection against guided and unmanaged funds lesions).
Concern "Kalashnikov" presented a new buggy OV-2 with a hybrid power plant for special forces. It was developed in the interests of the Russian Ministry of Defense.
The car is capable of speeds of up to 100 km/h and can carry up to four people, including the driver. It has a spring suspension with a hydraulic shock absorber and dual-circuit hydraulic brakes.
Drones and the future project
Undoubtedly, the most discussed and striking project at the forum was controlled upright robot with the working title "Igorek". Similar concepts of bipedal machines have previously been described in various works of science fiction.
A controlled upright robot with the working title "Igorek" weighing 4.5 tons, developed by the Kalashnikov concern. |
The Russian Air Force is a branch of the Russian Armed Forces. The air force is needed to conduct reconnaissance of the enemy group, for air deterrence, and to protect strategically important objects and areas from air attack. The Air Force also has the task of preventing air attacks and defeating those areas that form the basis of the enemy’s military potential. The Air Force provides air support to the ground forces and navy, carries out landings, transports troops and material support by air.
The air force is divided into long-range aviation, military transport, front-line and army. It may include bomber, special, transport, fighter, reconnaissance and attack aircraft.
Russian aviation has gone through its own process of degradation, which began with the collapse of the USSR. Let us remember that in the late 80s of the last century Soviet Union had the most powerful and strong aviation in the world. The reason is the Cold War, which required that the United States not lag behind in any military sphere. When the USSR approached its collapse, Soviet designers managed to catch up with American engineers, and even get ahead of them in some types of aircraft. The collapse of the Union and the subsequent powerful economic crisis nullified many developments, and Russian aviation ceased to be a leader in this area.
The Russian Federation entered the 21st century with an air force that was noticeably decrepit, poorly organized, and lacking a clear concept. However, in Lately The situation began to change radically and a significant turning point occurred. The Russian Air Force began to be equipped with new combat aircraft. Soviet-era aviation has undergone significant modernization, the deck and strategic aviation. Today, a program to develop a new, fifth-generation fighter has been developed and is being successfully mastered. Many aircraft are successfully sold for export. This means that Russia still has powerful and significant potential in aircraft manufacturing. Since 2009, the entire Russian Air Force fleet has undergone a major overhaul and major modernization.
Today the following types of aircraft are in service with the Russian Air Force: AN-12, AN-26, AN-70, AN-124 "RUSLAN", IL-18, IL-76, MIG-21, MIG-23M, MIG-23B/M , MIG-27, MIG-25, MIG-29 (early and later modifications), MiG-31B, Mikoyan "1.44", MIG-AT, Su-17, SU-47 "BERKUT", SU-24, SU- 25, SU-27/SU-33/SU-37, SU-27IB/SU-30/SU-32, TU-22M, TU-95/TU-142, TU-160, YAKOVLEV - AERMAKKI YAK-130.
A new generation strategic bomber will be put into production in 2019. In a year, in 2020, the development of a new interceptor will be completed, which will replace the MIG-31. Today, development of a new combat aircraft is underway, which has a forward-swept wing, and a prototype of the new aircraft should soon appear.
For 2021-2022 It is planned to launch into serial production the new PAK long-range strategic bomber. Its flight tests are scheduled to be completed in 2023, at which time the new bomber will enter service with the Russian Air Force. The PAK DA should replace the TU-95 and TU-160, it will be a subsonic aircraft. The engine for the bomber is being developed on the basis of the TU-160 NK-32 engine; its turbocharger will be used. The United Engine Construction Corporation (UEC) of Russia intends to invest $220 million of its own finances in this project.
Experts often call the new generation interceptor the MIG-41. This interceptor is expected to replace all MIG-31s of the Russian Air Force by 2028.
Fifth-generation fighters have already been developed, and flight tests of the T-50 PAK FA are currently underway. These fighters will begin to be delivered to the Russian Air Force in 2016.
The T-50 PAK FA began to be developed back in the late 90s; according to the project, it was supposed to be a strike fighter aircraft. But due to insufficient funding, work was carried out at an incomplete pace. IN last years work has been accelerated, designers are working on the project in full force. The T-50 PAK FA was first presented to the general public at the Max 2011 air show. Only experts know what is under the skin of a fifth-generation fighter - for the uninitiated it is a secret. However, the T-50 went on its first flight unpainted, and knowledgeable people were immediately able to draw conclusions - at least half of the fighter consists of composite materials.
The yellow trim is nothing more than aluminum. Gray cladding - composites. These materials carry several functions at once: the aircraft is lighter, which means that it is more economical and maneuverable. Thanks to composite materials, radars also “see” the fighter less. The fifth generation of the aircraft uses stealth technology; it has a special shape, due to which it becomes less noticeable. Composites, together with a radio-absorbing coating, take the fighter to a new level, and in combat with aircraft previous generations he has the advantage. For example, a T-50 can launch a missile from a distance of 200 km, and the enemy will not even see it yet.
As a rule, 10 years pass from the first flight of an aircraft to the time it is accepted into service by the Air Force. Russian designers have been given another task - to go this route in just 5 years.
Fleet of the Russian Federation
By the end of this year, 2014, the Russian Navy should be replenished with many new ships: from boats to a nuclear submarine. The Black Sea Fleet will have to receive six diesel submarines and six patrol ships. The Caspian flotilla will be strengthened with small missile ships. At the same time, new ones were laid down at the shipyards warships for the fleet of the Russian Federation, which will be launched in a few years. Among them are Yasen and Borey class nuclear submarines.
In total, by the end of this year, the Russian Navy will receive more than 50 new ships and vessels.
Also, according to the Ministry of Defense, work is underway to create groups of strategic missile submarines in the Pacific and Northern fleets. The multi-purpose nuclear submarine Severodvinsk has already been built, and the submarine has entered service with the Russian Navy. In addition to it, patrol ships and Raptor assault boats are being built, which will be released in a separate series. It will also include twelve rescue boats.
Their difference is their multifunctionality and modular type. The construction of a mine-sweeping ship has already been completed latest generation. The Navy transport "Akademik Kovalev" was launched, and the flag was also raised on the new corvette "Stoikiy".
Today, work continues to update the ship's composition, restore and develop the basing system of the Black Sea Fleet stationed in Crimea. In the near future, the fleet should receive six new Project 1135.6 ships and the same number of Project 636 diesel submarines.
The Caspian flotilla should be replenished with small missile ships of the latest generation. We are talking about Project 21631 ships, which will significantly increase the safety of the Caspian waters.
Two nuclear submarines have already been laid down on the ropes of Sevmash (Severodonetsk). We are talking about the 5th strategic nuclear submarine of the Borei class and the 4th multipurpose nuclear submarine of the Yasen class.
All Borei class nuclear submarines are armed with Bulava, the latest missile system. As a result, each nuclear submarine carries sixteen intercontinental missiles. The peculiarity of the solid-fuel Bulava-M is that its warhead can be divided into ten independent warheads.
The Yasen-class nuclear submarines carry Kalibr and Oniks - these cruise missiles capable of hitting targets both at sea and on land at a distance of up to one and a half thousand kilometers.
Today, the Russian Navy has 60 submarines, of which 10 are nuclear-powered strategic, and more than 30 are nuclear-powered multi-purpose. The rest are special purpose and diesel submarines.
A little about the new corvette of the Russian Navy "Stoikiy". It was laid down at Severnaya Verf in November 2006. It was transferred to the Navy in July 2014. The third corvette in the series, project 20380. The lead ship in the series is Steregushchiy. Was transferred in 2007 to the Baltic Fleet. The corvettes of this project have a length of more than one hundred meters and a displacement of 2 thousand tons. Maximum speed - 27 knots. During autonomous navigation, the range is four thousand miles.
Project 20380 corvettes are universal sea hunters and patrol boats. Their task is to destroy submarines and surface ships. They also provide fire support for the landing force and serve as a flagship in a tactical group.
Corvettes of this project are armed with 100-mm artillery systems (universal), automatic artillery systems, supersonic missiles, as well as anti-aircraft missile and artillery systems. The corvette's aviation group includes a KA-27 PL helicopter.
Project 20380 ships are fundamentally new corvettes for the Russian Navy. In terms of their combat and technical characteristics, they are an order of magnitude superior to previous corvettes of their class. They are multifunctional, compact, flexible and unobtrusive. Have high level integration and automation of all systems. In addition, they have significant potential for subsequent modernization.
Ground Forces of the Russian Federation
The Russian ground forces include tanks, armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, artillery of various purposes and capacities, anti-aircraft missile systems, anti-tank missile systems, automatic small arms, and control equipment. Thanks to a specially adopted rearmament program, by 2020 the Russian ground forces should be updated by 70%.
It is planned that 11,000 new units will be purchased armored vehicles and 14,000 military vehicles. T-72B3 tanks that have undergone modernization, modernized BMP-2, BMP-3 and BTR-82F armored personnel carriers will also enter service.
Will be completed by the end of 2015 design work, and the Russian army will receive a new generation tank "Armata". Also, by this period, development work on the creation of the Boomerang armored personnel carrier and the Kurganets-25 infantry fighting vehicle should be completed.
The issue of purchasing a combat support vehicle (BMPT) "Terminator-2" for the ground forces is being resolved. This BMPT is equipped with two 30 mm automatic guns 2A-42, two launchers with Ataka-T missiles (supersonic, anti-tank), two AG17-D automatic grenade launchers, as well as a 7.62 mm machine gun. The special feature of the Terminator is that the vehicle can simultaneously hit three targets at once.
In addition, by 2015, the Russian ground forces should have 7 brigades equipped with Iskander-M tactical missile systems.
In just two years, by 2017, it is planned to form the Arctic Command “North”, which will include two brigades. They will have at their disposal modern high-throughput vehicles- ships on air cushion, snowmobiles, two-link conveyors.
Already in December 2014, it is planned to carry out trial military operation of the new “Ratnik” combat equipment. The equipment includes a protection complex, modern small arms, communications and reconnaissance equipment.
Also, new unmanned aerial vehicles "Granat" and "Orlan" have already entered service with the Russian ground forces. These drones were first presented at the eleventh international exhibition"IDEX-2013". The UAVs were developed and created according to the technical specifications of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Today, work is underway to create an attack-type unmanned aerial vehicle. The task of "Granat" and "Orlan" is communications, reconnaissance and electronic warfare.
In 2013 alone, about six hundred new weapons were purchased for the Russian ground forces. Among them - self-propelled howitzers"MSTA-S", as well as reconnaissance complexes, satellite communication stations, radio stations and communication devices. This year, one hundred T-72B3 tanks underwent major repairs and modernization, and the army received more than one hundred BMP-2 combat vehicles.
In 2014, more than 750 units of new weapons will be purchased. Among them are the Iskander-M (operational-tactical) and Tornado-G ( jet systems volley fire), "Typhoon" and "Tiger-M" (armored vehicles).
By the end of the year, the brigades will be equipped with new models of military equipment that are in no way inferior to their world counterparts. It's interspecies artillery complex"Coalition-SV", ATGM "Kornet", MANPADS "Verba".
Today, the size of the ground forces of the Russian Federation is determined by the number of 300,000 people. As part of the reform, it is planned to form more than 40 ground forces formations and reorganize 5 by 2020.
A little about the new generation tank "Armata". Its serial production is scheduled for 2015; the tank should be demonstrated to the general public at the Victory Parade on May 9. It is already known that its turret will be uninhabited (unlike the T-72 and T-90), the tank will receive new engine and chassis, the gun will be more powerful, its caliber will be 125 mm.
According to the developers, the new generation tank will have unique combat capabilities, and the Armata has no analogues in the world. The tank crew will be isolated from fighting compartment, and will be in a peculiar armored capsule. The combat vehicle is maximally computerized, it is equipped with satellite navigation. The tank can receive information directly from the Granat and Orlan unmanned aerial vehicles, which we have already discussed. As the designers say, this is actually a breakthrough tank, which seamlessly combines modern technologies and new combat tactics.
"Armata" is designed as a single platform on which combat vehicles can be built for various purposes- from missile and artillery to engineering and sanitary.
Air defense of the Russian Federation
Today, fundamentally new systems have been developed in the Russian Federation air defense S-500 and "Vityaz" (S-350 air defense system). The Vityaz air defense system is a new complex with a separate combat composition. This anti-aircraft missile system(SAM) is nothing more than the developed S-300 air defense system. But the Vityaz is noticeably different from its prototype - both in the maximum increased set of anti-aircraft missiles and in the time it takes to bring the complex into combat readiness. The Vityaz was first shown to the general public at the Max 2013 air show. According to the developers, the S-350 medium-range missile system is significantly superior in its tactical and technical parameters foreign analogues and should soon replace the S-300 missile system currently in service with the Russian air defense.
The tasks carried out by the S-350 are the defense of industrial, administrative and military facilities from massive air strikes. It is noteworthy that the new anti-aircraft missile system is capable of maintaining an all-round defense regardless of the enemy’s flight altitude range - from the minimum to the highest. The air defense system can operate both autonomously and as part of air defense groups, controlled from higher command posts. The task of the combat crew is to prepare the system for operation and control the course of combat operations; the S-350 will do the rest automatically.
"Vityaz" can simultaneously fire at 16 aerodynamic and 12 ballistic targets. The maximum number of missiles that can be simultaneously aimed is 32. Effective area of aerodynamic targets: range 1.5-60 km. In height - from 10 m to 30 km. Damage zone for ballistic targets: range - 1.5-30 km, height - 2-25 km. From the march, "Vityaz" is put into combat readiness within 5 minutes.
Not long ago, test launches of long-range missiles that will be part of the S-500 Prometheus system were successfully carried out. S-500 is a promising anti-aircraft missile system (AAMS), the missiles of which can hit all types of air targets. Including tactical and, importantly, strategic missiles. Thus, the Russian air defense and ground forces will soon receive mobile air defense systems, which will have elements of missile defense.
"Prometheus" was developed by designers of the Almaz-Antey air defense concern. The complex should complement the S-300s already in service and the S-400s entering the Russian army. Once the S-500 enters service, the air defense of the Russian Federation will be significantly strengthened.
This is easily explained, since Prometheus is a new generation anti-aircraft missile systems. The system uses the principle that ballistic and aerodynamic targets are destroyed separately. the main task, which stands in front of the S-500 - destruction of ballistic and operational-tactical missiles medium range. "Prometheus" is equipped with a radar system and computing equipment that independently finds, tracks and destroys ballistic missiles with a launch range of up to 3.5 thousand kilometers.
Experts note that the new Prometheus complex has the ability to detect and destroy warheads and intercontinental ballistic missiles when they are on the final part of their trajectory.
The S-500 Prometheus can repel attacks even from cruise missiles (hypersonic), which cannot be destroyed by conventional missile defense and air defense systems. The complex has considerable potential - it can be used to shoot down even low-orbit satellites.
The main difference between Prometheus and foreign anti-missile systems is that the development of Russian designers is highly mobile; It doesn’t take much time to transfer it from a transport position to a combat position. The S-500 is a reliable shield in the path of enemy missiles, which is quickly installed in the likely direction of the attack.
The Prometheus includes a mobile combat control center, radar detection systems, tracking systems, target illumination systems and launchers. It is planned that the S-500 will be equipped with missiles capable of destroying airplanes, helicopters and cruise missiles within a radius of up to 400 km. In addition, the complex will be equipped with high-power anti-missiles with a range of up to 600 kilometers.
It is expected that part of the anti-aircraft missile system will be included in Moscow’s unified missile defense system. One Prometheus complex can process high probability destruction: fire at 10 targets simultaneously.
In terms of its tactical and technical characteristics, the "five hundred" is significantly ahead of not only Russian, but also foreign air defense systems. As analysts note, in the United States, for example, there are no plans yet to create an air defense system that would simultaneously combine air defense and missile defense capabilities.
Space Forces of the Russian Federation
A separate branch of the military that existed in the Russian Armed Forces was called the space forces. The task is to ensure the security of the Russian Federation in the space sector. In December 2011, by a special decree of Dmitry Medvedev space force ceased to exist, becoming part of the Aerospace Defense Forces (VKO).
In 2014, the brigades of the Aerospace Defense Forces received 6 new Nebo-M radar systems, Sopka and Podlet radar stations. In addition, the radio engineering units of the Aerospace Defense Forces received the Kasta and Desna radar equipment, which underwent serious modification.
Today, as part of the Aerospace Defense Forces, combat duty there are three regimental complexes of promising medium and medium air defense systems long range S-400, combat vehicles of anti-aircraft missile and gun systems "Pantsir-S" (short-range), radar stations "Sky-SVU" and "Gamma-S1M", automation systems "Fundament". Last year, 2013, the Aerospace Defense Forces received 20 new radar equipment with different modifications. Among them are “VVO”, “Sopka”, “Nebo-U”, “Podlet-K”, “Casta”.
The S-400 is called "Triumph" because this anti-aircraft missile system simply has no analogues in the world. "Triumph" can find and destroy almost all types of aircraft and helicopters, ballistic missiles and hypersonic targets. The S-400 alone can simultaneously fire at up to 36 enemy targets, aiming up to 72 missiles at them.
The S-400 hits targets within a radius of up to 400 km. It is noteworthy that the complex is capable of firing even at targets that fly very low - up to 5 (!) meters. For comparison: the Patriot air defense system developed in the USA can hit a target only at an altitude of 60 meters. "Patriot" is inferior to "Triumph" in almost all tactical and technical parameters.
It takes only 5 minutes to deploy the system. This time is enough for the S-400 to receive target designation and overtake the air enemy. Experts note that Triumph is by far the most advanced system in the world. But he needs cover, since the S-400 is heavy anti-aircraft missile system. The Pantsir-S1 complexes are used for this purpose. This is also one of latest developments Russian engineers and designers. The Pantsir missile and gun systems work perfectly against all types of flying vehicles - from airplanes to unmanned vehicles aircraft. The accuracy of the complex's destruction is up to 100 percent. The rocket explodes nine meters from the target, so nothing can resist it.
The purpose of the Gamma-S1M radar station is aerial reconnaissance, guidance and tracking of air targets for the Aerospace Defense Forces. These newest stations are used in automated systems air defense and air forces, as well as for rapid response in non-automated units. In addition, Gamma-S1M can be used to provide information to automated control and air traffic control posts for civil aircraft.
"Gamma-S1M" makes it possible to effectively detect enemy air attack weapons even in conditions of natural and intentional interference. The station not only detects a target, but determines its coordinates and then tracks it, recognizing the class of a single target, be it a missile or an airplane.
In November 2014, the Russian Aerospace Defense Forces successfully completed tests of new systems of the Okno optical-electronic complex. Its task is to detect space objects and monitor outer space.
4 optical-electronic stations have already been put into operation, which should find space objects and collect information about them. It is noteworthy that "Window" has modern television detection equipment and new generation computing facilities, which were assembled on the basis of Russian elemental base. This makes it possible for the complex to control the entire range of altitudes at which space objects are located.
The optical-electronic complex "Window" is located in the Sanglok (Pamir) mountains at an altitude of more than 2200 meters above sea level in Tajikistan near the city of Nurek. The complex is the property of the Russian Federation and is part of the Aerospace Defense Forces. The "window" makes it possible to detect, recognize and calculate the orbits of space objects at altitudes from 2,000 to 40,000 kilometers, even if the object is only one meter in diameter. In addition, the complex can find objects located in low orbits with a flight altitude of 120 to 2000 kilometers.