Unusual fish. The amazing world of fish
Lives in the waters of the world's oceans a myriad of fish and other sea animals. Ordinary people have no idea about some of them. Study marine fauna started relatively recently. This is due to the fact that previously there was no appropriate equipment for diving to great depths. The Frenchman Jacques Yves Cousteau made a huge contribution to in-depth research. It was he who discovered many sea creatures, which are included in the TOP 10 most amazing fish.
Blobfish
The list of the 10 most amazing fish opens with the drop fish. It is found at a depth of 900-1200 m and is practically no different from its counterparts. But as soon as she gets on land, her gelatinous body swells, and sea creature transforms into unusual creature, having a big nose. The blob fish appeared in the film “Men in Black” in the episode of the third part with a Chinese restaurant.
In second place we placed the predatory Scorpionfish of Ambon, which has an extravagant appearance. This deep sea dweller, discovered in 1856, has characteristic eyebrow-like projections above its eyes. Its ability to change color helps well in hunting: Scorpionfish waits for its prey, merging with seabed.
Psychedelic Frogfish
The list of 10 most amazing fish continues with the psychedelic frog fish, so named for its extravagant appearance and unusual coloring: bright orange with white stripes. It was opened only 8 years ago. The tail and fins of this sea dweller resemble the limbs of an amphibian. The frog fish looks at the world with bright blue eyes. Its unusually shaped fins allow it to push off from the bottom and move by jumping.
Semicossyphus reticulatus
Scientists know little about Asian sheephead wrasses. These fish are distinguished by the presence of large growths on the forehead and chin. Moreover, young animals do not have such features: bulges appear in adults. Perhaps these are signs of sexual dominance of males or females. There is a well-known story about a 25-year friendship between a similar fish named Yoriko and a Japanese diver.
Leafy Seadragon
When talking about the most amazing fish on the planet that live in the waters of the world's oceans, one cannot fail to mention the rag picker. This fish was discovered in 1865. The head and body of these representatives of the fauna are covered with processes very similar to algae. With their help, fish camouflage themselves during hunting and hide from enemies. They feed on shrimp, plankton and algae, swallowing food whole because they do not have teeth. They live in the southern Indian Ocean.
Ocean Sunfish
The moon fish was discovered in 1758. Its body is shaped like a disk, flattened on the sides. The fins grow together, touching the tail. It is for this body structure deep sea inhabitant and called it the moon. This type It is not very resilient and has difficulty in overcoming strong currents. But the moonfish grows to huge size. Some individuals reach 1.5 tons. The moon feeds on jellyfish, squid, eel eggs, ctenophores and plankton.
Ostracion cubicus
The TOP of the most amazing fish continues with the cube box. This inhabitant of the deep sea has a cubic body, which would seem to contradict the laws of evolution. However, such fish live in the Pacific and Indian oceans near coral reefs and maneuver well in the water using their fins. Their main food is small invertebrates and algae.
Broadnose chymaera
In 1909 at great depth at the bottom Atlantic Ocean Researchers discovered a jelly-like fish. For unsightly appearance and its characteristic face was called the broad-nosed chimera. This fish has been studied very poorly. It is only known that its main diet consists of shellfish.
Frilled Shark
The frilled fish is a shark. It is not enough known species. It was opened in 1884. Externally, the cape bearer looks like a snake or sea eel. There are stripes on the sides of the body, which are gills hidden under the skin. A pair of gills located near the head are connected to each other into a single flesh, reminiscent of a cloak. In the mouth of a deep-sea inhabitant there are several rows of large teeth. Currently, there are no more than 100 individuals left of the cloaked bears.
Lampris guttatus
Fish maintain their body temperature 10 ° C above the environment. This gives them incredible energy that helps them overcome long distances.
Unusual fish are found not only in the depths of oceans and seas, lakes and rivers, they can also be seen in aquariums. People who are interested fishing, many original methods have been invented.
The most unusual aquarium fish
With a huge variety of aquarium fish, the most unusual ones can be distinguished among them. Tetraodon is an aquarium fish somewhat reminiscent of a helicopter. It swallows air or water, causing it to swell greatly, becoming like a ball. The body of the fish is egg-shaped, tapering towards the tail. Her skin is bare. Most often, tetraodon is gray-beige in color with stripes and spots along the body. There are small spines on its abdomen. Tetraodon grows to a length of between six and twenty-five centimeters. These are strictly territorial fish. In the aquarium they always occupy certain territory and “strangers” are not allowed there.You can see snake-like fish in aquariums. Their name is macrognathus. The cylindrical body sometimes reaches a length of seventy centimeters. The upper part of the jaw ends in a proboscis-like process. During the day it is difficult to see them, since macrognathus leads mostly night look life, but during the day they prefer to bury themselves in the ground or stay in dark places. A fish that is unable to burrow into the ground may experience stress, which will lead to skin disease. Due to its activity at night, Macrognathus is capable of jumping out of the aquarium, so it is better to always keep it closed.
The Chukchan fish is considered to have an unusual shape and at the same time rare. She has a flat, slightly concave belly, a raised back and a high fin. Her body is light brown with three dark stripes. As soon as night falls, you turn off the light in the aquarium, and the fish freezes in place and does not move, remaining in this position until morning or the light turns on.
Large and massive fish are mastacembelas. Depending on the species, they can be from forty to sixty centimeters in length. Their color is bright and spotted.
Elephant fish belongs to the beaked fish family. The snout of the fish is crowned long trunk with the oral cavity located on it. With this device, the elephant fish obtains food for itself in the mud. It can also fish out invertebrate larvae from crevices and cracks. These fish communicate with each other using a “living radar” - a unique electrical organ. An organ that is capable of producing electric charge 1/2 volt, located at the end of the body.
The long, snake-like olive-coffee fish is called the kalamoicht. Its length reaches thirty centimeters and is no more than a finger thick. The fish's face looks like Chinese dragon. Many people confuse it with a snake when they see it for the first time. The kalamoicht fish is prone to escape. It is important that the aquarium is completely closed, since a small gap will be enough for her to escape.
The most unusual sea fish
Using bathyscaphes, sonars and scuba gear, people are moving further and further in exploring the underwater world of the oceans. From time to time, unusual fish are discovered there, the existence of which people knew nothing about.
Very unusual shape in the drop fish, which belongs to deep-sea fish. She can be seen in tropical waters ah, at a depth of about three hundred meters. The colors of these fish are very diverse and depend on the color of the native coral where they live. Surprisingly, the drop fish is able to walk along the bottom on its fins, like terrestrial quadrupeds.
Of the modern bony fishes, the largest is the sunfish. It is also called the sun fish. Sometimes its length reaches four meters and its weight reaches two tons. The body of the fish is strongly compressed from the sides, which is why it resembles a disk.
Smallmouth macropinna lives at enormous depths. Her cylindrical eyes point upward and peer through her transparent head. Among sea fish The most poisonous fish is the stone fish. The spikes on the back are very dangerous. The poison affects the central nervous system, so meeting such a fish can result in disability or death.
Unusual ways of fishing
Fishermen use different types of bait when fishing. Eat unusual ways. One of them is to use ordinary sand as bait, fried with oil for ten minutes. Such sand is added in small quantities to the water where fish are fished, thanks to which the catch is always considerable.In Nepal local residents manage to catch trout with the help of a kerosene lamp and a khukri (knife). This is done at night. One person holds a lantern or lit lamp as close to the surface of the water as possible. Soon the head of a trout appears, which freezes for a moment, looking at the bright light. At this time, the local fisherman makes a sharp blow to the head of the fish with his knife, after which it floats downstream, where it is caught by a second fisherman.
It is known that in Rome mastiffs helped fishermen catch bulls. They swam to the reef closest to the shore, waited until the water they disturbed subsided, then lowered their mouths into the water and exhaled forcefully, gurgling loudly. Because of this, the bulls swam out from behind the stones, and the mastiff, jumping into the water, hit them with his paws. These movements raised silt, which clogged the gobies’ gills; in addition, they were stunned by the blows of the dog’s paws on the water. All this made gobies easy prey for fishermen.
The most unusual fish in the world
The most unusual fish in the world in different ratings called different fish. According to one version, this is flying fish. Having jumped out of the water, it can fly about half a kilometer, and can reach speeds of up to seventy-five kilometers per hour.
In 2000, an unusual fish was caught in Australia, which belonged to an unknown species. She received her nickname “handshift” for her ability to move along the bottom on fins that resemble hands. This fish lives in clean water in shallow water and practically does not swim at all.
There is one more unusual representative aquatic fauna - sunfish. This animal is considered one of the most big fish. There is a website on the website interesting article about the moonfish and other large inhabitants of the depths.
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Ecology
Today it is open and described about 30 thousand species of fish. Some of them can boast such unusual appearance that it’s hard to believe that these are really fish. Some other representatives of these aquatic vertebrates so rare that very little is known about them.
The most unusual and rare fish are often found at great depths (sometimes 300-500 meters underwater) and never rise close to the surface. Undersea world still conceals many secrets, many of which we just have to reveal.
The rarest fish
Blind fish climbing on rocks
Found in the subtropical regions of Thailand, the cave fish species Cryptotora thamicola lost during evolution vision and pigmentation. But this is not its only feature. This strange fish has adapted to fast cave currents: it can climb vertical surfaces.
The rough, sticky undersurface of its large fins allows the fish to climb and stay on slippery rocks in conditions fast currents and even climb under waterfalls!
Rare fish of the world
Catfish that lives without water
Quite rare and little-studied fish from the squad Catfish is the only known fish that can live without water. It is enough for her to glide along the wet surface of leaves on the banks of streams and rivers.
This slippery fish is something resembles a worm, she has no eyes, apparently because most she spends time underground. Nothing more is known about her.
Sole
Fishes from the squad Flounder(lat. Pleuronectiformes) - representatives of very strange vertebrates. Although they are born quite ordinary fish, their skull gradually deforms with age, until both eyes are in the same plane. This feature allows the fish to acquire a flat body and skillfully camouflage itself on the seabed.
Fish sea tongues families Cynoglossaceae went even further: they are completely lost pectoral fins and developed a smooth teardrop-shaped body. Many species have an arched mouth.
Rare fish species
Sea devils
Fish monkfish families Thaumatichthaceae boast one of the strangest appearances in the animal kingdom. The upper jaw of these fish is often several times larger than the lower jaw; it is also capable of folding in half, allowing the fish easier to suck prey down the throat. Each member of the family has a luminescent prey lure protruding directly above its mouth.
Long probe from the squad monkfish have very long bait, which can be 10 times longer than the body of the fish itself. It is interesting that all these creatures swim upside down, but none of the scientists can really say why.
Another family of monkfish - Pipistrelles- resemble the offspring of a turtle and a chicken. These fish have adapted to move along the seabed using their fins, which are used as paws.
Thus the fish seem to walk along the sandy bottom, looking for prey.
Mudskipper
One of the most famous fish that has the ability to live out of water – mudskipper. She belongs to the family Bychkov and spends most of his time climbing the clayey banks. On land these fish can move much faster than underwater.
The gill cavities of these fish are able to retain water for a long time. If their body remains wet, fish can breathe through thin skin. Male spinyskippers are very territorial and constantly fight each other for influence.
Rare deep sea fish
Sticktail
Sticktail(lat. Stylephorus chordatus) – rare deep sea fish, which is so unusual that it is the only kind kind and family. This fish has a very unusual mouth. It has one small tubular opening, and the jaws form an expanding skin pouch that works in the same way as a blacksmith's bellows.
Expanding the bag, the fish forcefully sucks in tiny crustaceans along with the water. Wherein eyeballs constantly turning like binoculars, focusing on incredibly small prey.
Tripod sloth
This strange deep-sea fish is one of the few examples of living creatures that prefer not to move around much water space and eat like coral polyps, sponges And anemones. It stays in place and feeds on plankton passing by.
Its three fins have long, thin projections, allowing the fish to hold onto the mud of the seabed and remain motionless for several days. The fish begins to move only when necessary, using its two front fins, which help it grab pieces of food and move them to its mouth.
Since fish do not need to hunt for food, tripods practically blind. With this lifestyle they rarely meet their relatives, so they are hermaphrodites.
1. Ambon Scorpionfish (Latin: Pteroidichthys amboinensis).
Opened in 1856. Easily identified by its huge “eyebrows” - specific growths above the eyes. Able to change color and shed. Conducts a “guerrilla” hunt - camouflaging at the bottom and waiting for the victim. It is not uncommon and has been quite well studied, but its extravagant appearance simply cannot be ignored! (Roger Steene/Conservation International)
2. Psychedelic frogfish (English: Psychedelic Frogfish, Latin: Histiophryne psychedelica).
Opened in 2009. A very unusual fish - caudal fin curved to the side, the pectoral fins are modified and look like the paws of land animals. The head is large, the widely spaced eyes are directed forward, like in vertebrates, due to which the fish has a peculiar “facial expression”. The color of the fish is yellow or reddish with sinuous white-blue stripes diverging in different directions from the eyes blue color. Unlike other fish that swim, this species moves as if jumping, pushing off the bottom with its pectoral fins and pushing water out of the gill slits, creating jet thrust. The tail of the fish is curved to the side and cannot directly direct the movement of the body, so it oscillates from side to side. The fish can also crawl along the bottom using its pectoral fins, moving them like legs. (David Hall/EOL Rapid Response Team)
3. Rag picker (English: Leafy Seadragon, Latin: Phycodurus eques).
Opened in 1865. Representatives of this type of fish are notable for the fact that their entire body and head are covered with processes that imitate algae thalli. Although these processes are similar to fins, they do not take part in swimming and serve for camouflage (both when hunting shrimp and for protection from enemies). It lives in the waters of the Indian Ocean, washing southern, south-eastern and south-western Australia, as well as northern and eastern Tasmania. It feeds on plankton, small shrimp, and algae. Having no teeth, the rag picker swallows its food whole. (lecates/Flickr)
4. Moon fish (English Ocean Sunfish, lat. Mola mola).
Opened in 1758. The laterally compressed body is extremely high and short, which gives the fish an extremely strange looking: It is shaped like a disk. The tail is very short, wide and truncated; the dorsal, caudal and anal fins are interconnected. The skin of the moonfish is thick and elastic, covered with small bony tubercles. The sunfish can often be seen lying on its side on the surface of the water. The adult sunfish is a very poor swimmer, unable to overcome strong currents. It feeds on plankton, as well as squid, eel larvae, salps, ctenophores and jellyfish. It can reach gigantic sizes of several tens of meters and weigh 1.5 tons. (Franco Banfi)
5. Broadnose chimaera (lat. Rhinochimaera atlantica).
Opened in 1909. Absolutely disgusting looking jelly fish. It lives on the deep bottom of the Atlantic Ocean and feeds on mollusks. Extremely poorly studied. (Jay Burnett, NOAA/NMFS/NEFSC)
6. Frilled Shark (Latin: Chlamydoselachus anguineus).
Opened in 1884. These sharks look much more like a strange sea snake or eel than their closest relatives. In the frilled shark, the gill openings, of which there are six on each side, are covered skin folds. In this case, the membranes of the first gill slit cross the throat of the fish and are connected to each other, forming a wide skin blade. Along with the goblin shark, it is one of the most rare sharks on the planet. No more than a hundred specimens of these fish are known. They have been studied extremely poorly. (Awashima Marine Park/Getty Images)
7. Indonesian coelacanth (English: Indonesian Coelacanth, Latin: Latimeria menadoensis).
Opened in 1999. A living fossil and probably the oldest fish on Earth. Before the discovery of the first representative of the coelant order, which includes the coelacanth, it was considered completely extinct. Time of divergence of two modern species coelacanth is 30-40 million years old. No more than a dozen were caught alive. (Pearson - Benjamin Cummings)
8. Hairy angler(English Hairy Angler, Latin Caulophryne polynema).
Opened in 1930. Very strange and scary fish, living on the deep bottom, where there is no sunlight - from 1 km and deeper. To lure the inhabitants of the deep sea, it uses a special luminous growth on the forehead, characteristic of the entire order of anglerfish. Thanks to its special metabolism and extremely sharp teeth, it can eat anything it comes across, even if the prey is many times larger and is also a predator. It reproduces no less strangely than it looks and eats - because it is unusual harsh conditions and the rarity of fish, the male (ten times smaller than the female) attaches himself to the flesh of his chosen one and transmits everything necessary through the blood. (BBC)
9. Blobfish (Latin: Psychrolutes marcidus).
Opened in 1926. Often mistaken for a joke. In fact, this is a completely real species of deep-sea bottom-dwelling marine fish of the psycholute family, which on the surface takes on a “jelly” appearance with a “sad expression.” It has been poorly studied, but this is enough to recognize it as one of the most bizarre. The photo shows a copy of the Australian Museum. (Kerryn Parkinson/Australian Museum)
10. Smallmouth macropinna (English, Latin Macropinna microstoma) - winner for quirkiness.
Opened in 1939. It lives at very great depths, so it has been poorly studied. In particular, the principle of fish vision was not entirely clear. It was believed that she must experience very great difficulties due to the fact that she can only see up. Only in 2009 was the structure of the eye of this fish fully studied. Apparently, when trying to study it earlier, the fish simply could not tolerate the change in pressure. The most notable feature of this species is the transparent, dome-shaped shell that covers the top and sides of its head, and the large, usually upward-pointing, cylindrical eyes that lie underneath this shell. A dense and elastic covering shell is attached to the scales of the back at the back, and on the sides to the wide and transparent periocular bones, which provide protection for the organs of vision. This covering structure is usually lost (or at least very badly damaged) when fish are brought to the surface in trawls and nets, so its existence was not known until recently. Under the covering shell there is a chamber filled with a transparent liquid, in which, in fact, the eyes of the fish are located; The eyes of living fish are bright green and separated by a thin bony septum, which, extending backwards, expands to accommodate the brain. In front of each eye, but behind the mouth, is a large rounded pouch that contains an olfactory receptor rosette. That is, what at first glance appears to be eyes in photographs of live fish is actually an olfactory organ. Green color caused by the presence of a specific yellow pigment in them. It is believed that this pigment provides special filtering of light coming from above and reduces its brightness, allowing the fish to discern the bioluminescence of potential prey. (Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute)
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