Purpose of fire monitors. Fire equipment
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Fire monitor- This is an important type of equipment that is intended for extinguishing fires. A special device that generates a powerful jet of water or low expansion foam, which is directed by the operator to the source of the fire.
An outdated name is the term “fire hose”. The main feature of a firefighter fire monitor What distinguishes it from manual work is the easel base. It is on this that the barrel is attached, into which water is supplied under high pressure. A person is simply not able to hold modern fire nozzles in his hand.
Fire monitors should not be confused with devices that supply a stream of medium and high expansion foam, called foam generators.
Types of fire monitors
Fire monitor trunk- This is a stationary device intended for repeated use and can be placed indoors or outdoors. Provides water supply to large areas. In addition to directly extinguishing fire, they can be used during man-made accidents to settle gas clouds, cool tanks, building structures, etc.
Structurally, they are divided into the following types of fire monitors:
- Stationary fire monitors. - They are mounted on special platforms or towers.
- Transportable monitors- mounted on trailers.
- Portable monitors- they can be transported in a special compartment of a fire brigade vehicle and quickly deployed by fighters.
The fire monitor can be manually or mechanically controlled; it must be provided with mobility in both the vertical and horizontal planes. Maximum rotation angles depend on the specific device model. The materials used to manufacture drugs are metals - steel or aluminum.
Marking according to GOST
The marking contains a letter indicating the type of design fire monitor:
- “C” - stationary (can be fixedly mounted directly on a fire truck).
- “B” - transportable (transported on a special trailer).
- “P” - portable monitor (PLS)
The marking also contains numbers that determine the rate of water consumption in liters per second and the letters LS (that is, the monitor).
Additional designations:
- "U" - adjustable torch angle.
- "D" - with remote control.
- “O” - open, non-closable, with variable water flow.
For example, LS-S20 (15)U is a fire monitor, stationary, with a controlled torch.
Stationary fire monitors
An option for installing fire-fighting equipment recommended by the fire department at all facilities, which localizes and suppresses the source of fire as quickly and effectively as possible. Stationary monitor must be firmly and securely fastened and always ready for use. The serviceability and readiness of these devices is monitored by specially appointed persons responsible for fire safety at the facility or enterprise.
This model of fire fighting equipment is a device for generating and directing a water flow or foam material to extinguish large-scale fires. On stationary fire monitor A flange clamp is provided for connecting the trunk itself and the pipeline riser. A special branching is necessary to increase and decrease the angle of the barrel installation. The switch is needed to change the operating modes of the equipment, depending on the supplied material: “B” or “P” (water or foam). The locking mechanism is intended to secure the monitor unit in a certain vertical position. The barrel pipe forms a stream of foam or water at the outlet, and the air-foam casing is a “foam jet generator”.
Manufacturer of monitors: Pozhtekhspas LLC. Website: lafet01.ru
Portable monitors
According to fire safety rules, portable fire monitors are allowed to be used at less dangerous fire-hazardous sites. This allows for some cost savings, since fewer portable trunks will be required to protect a comparable area than installed stationary devices. However, it should be taken into account that the deployment of the PLS will take several minutes of precious time, which can be decisive during a fire.
Portable monitors used in situations where a certain formation of water or foam flow is required. Depending on the object of influence, portable fire monitor can produce a continuous pressure stream of water or a spray at an angle that can be easily adjusted. Also, this barrel can produce air-mechanical foam material with a low expansion rate. Such equipment is extremely necessary when extinguishing fires, reducing the temperature inside architectural and engineering structures, as well as when treating places where clouds of gases, vapors and dust settle that have a toxic or radioactive effect on the environment.
Some design features portable fire monitors:
- relatively small size and, as a result, low weight;
- the ability to quickly change the types of flow: continuous and sprayed;
- the presence of stability supports for installation on the surface;
- presence of a pressure gauge;
- removable nozzle with control of the dispensed amount of fire extinguishing agent.
Not many people understand the difference between a fire monitor and simple firefighter hand guns. When it is necessary to introduce forces and means to extinguish a fire using large flows of water, and also in a targeted manner, departments most often use this type of fire-technical equipment.
Let's look at the main modifications.
You can study the detailed characteristics of fire monitors by following the link to the website of the manufacturer of this type of equipment: http://lafet01.ru, the project presents most modern models.
Stationary
(main modifications)
From the name, it immediately becomes clear that the equipment is mounted on a platform or on the roof of a fire truck. The supply of water or a water-foam solution through the device is carried out using manual control by the operator. Modifications provide for the possibility of dividing the stream into continuous and sprayed, or a combined method of supplying extinguishing agents. There are models that are capable of creating a water curtain for the shooter.
Pros:
- high intensity of supply of fire extinguishing agents;
- no grenade launcher required,
Minuses:
- not mobile;
- difficult to maintain.
The main modifications differ only in characteristics. Let's look at the abbreviation using an example monitor barrel LS-S20Uze.
The letters have the following meaning:
- LS - monitor barrel,
- C - stationary,
- 20 - consumption of fire extinguishing agent in hp,
- U - the ability to form different jets of OM supply, that is, universal.
- ZE - the ability to create a protective screen.
There are modifications with adjustment of the supply of fire extinguishing agent. This is usually indicated by the manufacturer in the model name, as well as a flow rate of up to 100 liters per second.
Design
1. Support structure;
2. Barrel body;
2. Nozzles;
4. Inlet pipe installed on the supporting structure;
5. Outlet pipe;
6. Hinge;
7. Fixing device;
8. Handle.
Portable
Portable drugs are distinguished by their mobility and the ability to supply agents where specialized equipment cannot pass. Back in Soviet times, the most popular model was the PLS-P20, which is still used by firefighters in our country, progress is changing, and soon we will no longer see its use in fires.
Modern portable fire monitors have the following modifications: Fire monitor LS-P20Uze. The designation of letters is similar to the example written above, but with one clarification. In this case, the letter “P” means figurative.
There are almost no changes in design features; a device of this type includes:
- barrel body;
- pressure pipes;
- receiving body with half-nut;
- retainer;
- handles for controlling the mechanism;
- platform (base).
Pros:
- mobile;
- light weight;
- easier to maintain.
Minuses:
- feeding time, deployment and installation of the barrel;
- selection of installation site;
- At high pressure, instability may occur.
Despite some disadvantages, most firefighters give this type of fire-technical equipment more preference than stationary fire fighting equipment, since the ability to supply fire extinguishing agents is more effective.
Stationary with remote control
Modifications of barrels with remote control designation in simpler language, with remote control. This type of fire protection equipment is used at strategically important facilities and industrial enterprises. They have proven themselves especially good at servicing oil rigs, as well as oil refining bases. The use of a remote-controlled monitor poses a direct threat to personnel.
The design is similar to that of a stationary LS, but with a control unit and a mechanism that sets the barrel in motion.
The process of managing the device is very simple. The operator can change the type of jet, angle of inclination, flow rate, as well as the direction of the barrel itself using a radio channel or cable line, thereby eliminating the impact of dangerous fire factors.
The main models on the market are designated: LSD-S20U (water flow from 20 to 60 liters per second.)
Pros:
- no grenade launcher required.
Minuses:
- price;
- difficult to maintain;
- not mobile.
Robotic
In other words, Robotic - the purpose is similar to a remote controlled vehicle. In the world, more and more preference is given to such modern equipment. As previously mentioned, this type of anti-tank equipment is simply necessary when extinguishing fires with a high risk for unit personnel.
Remote control and monitoring of the situation are the main advantages over standard monitors. It is worth noting that the equipment market changes every code and more and more advanced models equipped with video cameras, thermal, infrared sensors and other innovations appear. Many models presented for sale have explosion protection, not to mention dust and moisture resistance.
The main objective of the application is to localize and eliminate the fire in the size that it assumed before the introduction of extinguishing agents. Specialized software, which is used to configure the equipment, allows you to determine the necessary parameters in each extinguishing case.
Like its younger brothers, water and foam are used for extinguishing. Capable of extinguishing in both automatic and manual modes up to 15 thousand square meters, depending on the intensity of the supply of fire extinguishing agent, according to commands given by the operator. The design of such a barrel is regulated by established standards in accordance with GOSTs.
Used on objects:
- warehouses;
- chemical and petroleum industry;
- in seaports;
- at other critical facilities.
Pros:
- protection of personnel from general physical injuries;
- high efficiency;
- high intensity of supply of fire extinguishing agents;
- no grenade launcher required;
- wide range of applications.
Minuses:
- price;
- difficult to maintain.
GOST R 51115-97
Group G88
STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
FIRE EQUIPMENT.
Fire monitors
General technical requirements. Test methods
Fire equipment.
Fire turntable monitors.
General technical requirements. Test methods*
______________
* Changed edition, Rev. N 1.
OKS 13 220 10*
OKP 48 5482
_____________
* Changed edition, Rev. N 1.
Date of introduction 1999-01-01
Preface
1 DEVELOPED by the Technical Committee for Standardization MTK 274/643 "Fire Safety"
INTRODUCED by Gosstandart of Russia
2 ADOPTED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Resolution of the State Standard of Russia of December 25, 1997 N 425
3 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
AMENDED Change No. 1, approved and put into effect by Order of Rosstandart dated 12/09/2013 N 2212-st from 09/01/2014
Change No. 1 was made by the database manufacturer according to the text of IMS No. 5, 2014
1 AREA OF USE
1 AREA OF USE
This standard applies to fire monitor trunks* (water-foam), designed to form continuous or continuous and sprayed jets of water with a variable angle, as well as jets of low-expansion air-mechanical foam when extinguishing fires. Reliable and stable operation of the barrels is ensured at ambient temperatures from minus 40° to plus 40°.
The requirements established by this standard are mandatory.
_____________
* Change No. 1 throughout the text of the standard eliminates the word: “combined”, hereinafter. - Database manufacturer's note.
2 REGULATORY REFERENCES
This standard uses references to the following standards:
GOST 9.014-78 ESZKS. Temporary anti-corrosion protection of products. General requirements
GOST 9.032-74 ESZKS. Paint and varnish coatings. Groups, technical requirements and designations
GOST 9.306-85 ESZKS. Metallic and non-metallic organic coatings. Designations
GOST 12.2.033-78 OSBT. Workplace when performing work while standing. General ergonomic requirements
GOST 12.2.037-78 SSBT. Fire equipment. Safety requirements
GOST R 27.403-2009 Reliability in technology. Test plans to monitor probability of failure-free operation
GOST 166-89 Calipers. Specifications
GOST 427-75 Metal measuring rulers. Specifications
GOST 1583-93 Aluminum casting alloys. Specifications
GOST 2789-73 Surface roughness. Parameters and characteristics
GOST 2991-85 Non-dismountable plank boxes for cargo weighing up to 500 kg. General technical conditions
GOST 7502-98 Metal measuring tapes. Specifications
GOST 13837-79 General purpose dynamometers. Specifications
GOST 14192-96 Marking of cargo
GOST 15150-69 Machines, instruments and other technical products. Execution for various climatic regions. Categories, operating, storage and transportation conditions regarding the impact of environmental climatic factors
GOST 21752-76 Man-machine system. Control flywheels and steering wheels. General ergonomic requirements
GOST 21753-76 Man-machine system. Control levers. General ergonomic requirements
GOST 24634-81 Wooden boxes for products supplied for export. General technical conditions
GOST R 50588-2012 Foaming agents for extinguishing fires. General technical requirements and test methods
GOST R 53464-2009 Castings from metals and alloys. Dimensional, mass and machining tolerances
GOST R 54808-2011 Pipeline fittings. Valve tightness standards
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
3 DEFINITIONS
3.1 This standard uses the following term with the corresponding definition:
3.1.1 cycle: Complete opening and closing of the barrel with a time delay of 30 s in the “Continuous” and “Spray” positions of water jets at operating pressure for universal type barrels or connection - turning off the water for barrels that form only a continuous stream, as well as movement of the barrel in the vertical and horizontal planes from stop to stop with a time delay in extreme positions of 30 s.
4 CLASSIFICATION
Fire monitors are divided into the following types:
C - stationary, mounted on a fire truck, watercraft, etc., or installed on a specially equipped site;
B - transportable, mounted on a trailer;
P - portable.
Depending on the functionality, the trunks are divided:
R - robotic: an automatic device mounted on a fixed base, consisting of a fire nozzle with several degrees of mobility, equipped with a drive system and a program control device.
U - universal, forming a continuous and sprayed jet of water with a variable angle of the torch, as well as a jet of air-mechanical foam, overlapping, having a variable flow rate.
Depending on the type of control, it is possible to manufacture barrels with manual (without index) or remote (D) control. In the designation, the index is set after the letters LS.
An example of a symbol for a fire monitor LS with remote control D, stationary S with water flow up to 40 l/s, universal U:
LSD-S40U GOST R 51115-97
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
5 GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
5.1 Characteristics
5.1.1 Indicators for the purpose of trunks must correspond to the values indicated in the table.
Parameter name | Standard value for trunks with nominal flow |
|||
from 20 l/s (incl.) to 40 l/s | from 40 l/s (incl.) to 60 l/s | from 60 l/s (incl.) to 100 l/s | from 100 l/s (incl.) |
|
1 Operating pressure range, MPa | ||||
2 Water consumption, l/s, not less | ||||
3 Consumption of aqueous solution of foaming agent, l/s, not less | ||||
4 Jet range (at the outermost drops), m, not less: | ||||
Water solid | ||||
Foam solid | ||||
Flat foam (with the deflector closed and the jet angle at least 30°) | ||||
Water spray (at a spray angle of 30°)* | ||||
5 Foam ratio, not less | ||||
6 Range of changes in the angle of the spray jet* | ||||
7 Movement of the barrel in the horizontal plane, not less** | ||||
8 Movement of the barrel in the vertical plane, not less than: | ||||
* For universal type barrels. ** For fire monitors, the rotation angles may be limited by the structural elements of the trunk, as well as by the structures of a fire truck, watercraft, trailer, etc., which must be reflected in regulatory documents. |
||||
Notes 1 The ranges of the jets are given at an angle of inclination of the barrel to the horizon of 30°, installed in the working position. 2 Values for points 2-5 are indicated at a pressure of 0.8 MPa. 3 The main functional indicators (consumption and range of the fire extinguishing agent jet) of fire nozzles, depending on their type and classification, should not be worse than the standard (nominal) values established by the manufacturer. |
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
5.1.2 Barrels must meet the following reliability indicators:
gamma percentage (- 90%) full service life - at least 10 years;
gamma percentage (-90%) shelf life - at least 1 year;
probability of failure-free operation per cycle is at least 0.993.
5.1.3 The barrel design must ensure:
- obtaining a smooth, without clearly marked grooves, surface of a continuous water stream (for trunks that form only a continuous stream);
- stepless change in the type of jet from continuous to atomized with uniform distribution of liquid along the contour of the spray torch, discrete change in liquid flow (for universal type barrels) with a continuous supply of water;
- strength and density (without foam nozzle) at a hydraulic pressure 1.5 times higher than the working pressure, tightness of the connections - at the working pressure; at the same time, the appearance of traces of moisture in the form of drops on the outer surfaces of parts and leakage at joints is not allowed;
- fixing the position of the barrel at a given angle in the vertical plane;
- free (without jamming) switching of barrel operating modes, as well as barrel control;
- tightness of the shut-off (switching) device (if any) at operating pressure in accordance with GOST 9544, class 2;
- the possibility of remote control of the barrel rotation mechanisms in horizontal and vertical planes from a hydraulic drive (oil pressure in the hydraulic system 6-10 MPa) or electric drive (power supply from the vehicle’s on-board network 12 or 24 V);
- duplication of remote control of the barrel by manual control (when it is turned off);
- when switching from manual to remote control of the barrel, eliminating the possibility of manual control when the hydraulic or electric drive is running.
Safety requirements for shaft design according to GOST 12.2.037.
5.1.4 In the electrical circuits of the remote control of the barrel and the power supply of the base chassis, a balance of the power of the power sources must be ensured with the maximum number of connected consumers.
5.1.5 Electrical equipment for remote control of the barrel must be protected from moisture or made in a moisture-dust-proof design.
5.1.6 The barrel controls must be located within the operator’s reach, taking into account the requirements of GOST 12.2.033.
The forces on the controls should not exceed the values provided by GOST 21752 and GOST 21753.
5.1.7 (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).
5.1.8 The inlet pipes of portable shafts must be equipped with check valves.
5.1.9 The technology for manufacturing a barrel of the same type must ensure complete interchangeability of its assembly units and parts.
5.1.10 Cast parts of barrels should be made of aluminum alloys in accordance with GOST 1583.
It is allowed to use other materials with mechanical and anti-corrosion properties that satisfy the operating conditions, do not impair the quality and reliability of the barrels and meet the requirements for them.
5.1.11 Maximum deviations in the dimensions of castings must not exceed the standards provided for the 7th accuracy class according to GOST 26645.
5.1.12 Mechanical damage, cracks, foreign inclusions and other defects that reduce strength and tightness or worsen the appearance, as well as cavities whose length exceeds 3 mm and a depth of 25% of the wall thickness of the part are not allowed on the surfaces of parts.
Sink holes are not allowed on flow-through surfaces of outlet openings.
5.1.13 Welding of cavities in cast parts is allowed, and the welding areas must be cleaned flush with the main surface.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
5.1.14 The roughness of the inner surface of the nozzle outlet should be no more than 2.5 microns according to GOST 2789.
5.1.15 Tightening and locking of all fasteners must prevent them from self-unscrewing during operation.
5.1.16 The type and quality of protective metal and paint coatings must comply with the requirements of GOST 9.306, GOST 9.032 and other regulatory documents.
5.1.17 The materials of the barrel parts must ensure its performance when working on water and aqueous solutions of foaming agents.
5.1.18 Paint and varnish materials and protective coatings must be resistant to detergents and lubricants used.
5.1.19 The climatic design of the barrels (according to GOST 15150) must correspond to the environment of their use.
5.1.20 Shafts intended for use with sea water must be made of materials that are corrosion resistant to sea water (OM version, category 1 according to GOST 15150).
5.1.19, 5.1.20 (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
5.1.21 The weight of the barrel must not exceed the values established by the manufacturer.
(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).
5.2 Requirements for raw materials, supplies, purchased products
5.2.1 The materials and components used (purchased) must comply with regulatory documents.
5.2.2 It is allowed to replace materials and components with others whose technical characteristics are not inferior to those specified.
5.3 Completeness
The barrel delivery package should include:
- barrel with components;
- passport combined with technical description and operating instructions;
- operational documentation for components;
- remote control, block and box of control levers (for barrels with electric remote control);
- valve with hydraulic drive (for shafts with remote control hydraulic drive);
- Spare parts.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
5.4 A sign containing the following information must be affixed in a visible place:
- name or trademark of the manufacturer;
- symbol of the barrel;
- operating pressure;
- designation of the regulatory document;
- identification number according to the system adopted by the manufacturer (if any);
- year of manufacture of the barrel.
The barrel (and component nozzles, if necessary) must be marked with symbols indicating the switching directions and positions of the controls for all intended operating modes of the barrel (water supply, foam supply, and also for universal type barrels - changing the flow rate, supplying a continuous or sprayed stream of water , opening - closing).
The material of the plate and the method of marking must ensure its safety during the service life established by the manufacturer.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
5.5 Packaging
5.5.1 The barrel and spare parts must be cleaned before packaging. The internal cavities of the barrel must be drained.
5.5.2 The barrel must be preserved in accordance with GOST 9.014, protection option VZ-1, VZ-2. The validity period of preservation is 3 years.
5.5.3 After preservation, all holes in the barrel must be plugged, the barrel must be wrapped in wrapping paper and packaged in containers in accordance with GOST 2991, GOST 24634.
It is allowed, by agreement with the consumer, to transport trunks without packaging, ensuring their safety from mechanical damage and precipitation.
5.5.4 Accompanying documents must be placed in a moisture-proof bag and placed in a container indicating “Documents here”.
5.5.5 The container must be marked in accordance with the requirements of GOST 14192.
5.5.6 Packing must be carried out in such a way as to prevent the movement of cargo in the container during loading, transportation and unloading.
5.5.7 Transportation of trunks should be carried out in standard packaging by any type of transport in accordance with the rules in force for this type of transport.
5.5.8 Barrels should be stored in packaging, and it must correspond to a category of at least Z2 according to GOST 15150.
6 ACCEPTANCE RULES
6.1 Parts, assembly units and the barrel as a whole must be accepted by the technical control service of the manufacturer in accordance with the requirements of this standard, drawings, technological process and control cards.
6.2 To check the product’s compliance with the requirements of this standard, the manufacturer must conduct acceptance, periodic, standard, conformity tests, as well as reliability tests.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
6.3 During acceptance tests, each barrel is checked for compliance with the requirements of 5.1.3 (except for the 1st paragraph), 5.1.12, 5.1.13, 5.1.15, 5.1.16 and subsections 5.3-5.5.
6.4 Periodic tests of barrels are carried out to verify their compliance with all the requirements of this standard (except 5.1.2, 5.1.9). The tests are carried out on barrels manufactured in a controlled period that have passed acceptance tests. Deliberate selection or additional preparation of trunks not provided for by the manufacturing technology is not permitted.
The frequency of testing barrels of the same standard size should be:
with annual production 1-10 pcs. - one at 3 years;
with annual production 11-50 pcs. - one every 2 years;
with an annual output of 51 or more pieces. - one per year.
If the test results are positive, the quality of the barrels produced during the control period is considered confirmed, as well as the possibility of their further production and acceptance according to the same documentation until the results of the next periodic tests are received.
If the test results are negative, the production of barrels must be suspended until the causes of the defects are identified, eliminated, and positive results from repeated tests are obtained.
6.5 Type tests should be carried out when changes are made to the design or manufacturing technology or replacement of materials that may change the parameters of the barrel or reliability indicators in order to verify compliance of its parameters and characteristics with the requirements of the regulatory document of the manufacturer.
If the results of standard tests are positive, changes are made to the regulatory document of the manufacturer in the prescribed manner.
6.6 Tests to confirm conformity are carried out for compliance with the requirements of this standard (except 5.1.2, 5.1.9) and other regulatory documents. At least two barrels are tested.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
6.7 Reliability tests (5.1.2) are carried out every three years (with annual production of more than 3 units). The tests are carried out on a barrel selected by random selection from among those that have passed acceptance tests. Deliberate selection or additional preparation of the barrel, not provided for by the manufacturing technology, is not permitted.
6.8 For each type of test, protocols and a report are drawn up, which indicate the product’s compliance or non-compliance with the specified requirements.
7 TEST METHODS
7.1 Test equipment (stands, devices) used during testing must be metrologically certified.
7.2 During testing, it is allowed to use measuring instruments not specified in this standard, provided they ensure the required measurement accuracy.
7.3 Tests should be carried out under normal climatic conditions in the range of operating temperatures of the shafts and wind speeds not exceeding 3 m s.
7.4 To measure pressure in front of the barrel, pressure gauges with an accuracy class of at least 0.6 should be used. Pressure gauges must be selected so that when tested, the pressure value is in the middle third of the scale, and the maximum possible pressure does not exceed the measurement limit.
Directly in front of the pressure gauge (on the connecting line between the pressure tap and the pressure gauge) a three-way valve must be installed to purge the pressure measurement line.
To reduce vibrations of the instrument needle, a damper (plug with a small diameter hole) must be installed in front of it.
7.5 Checking barrels for compliance with the requirements of 5.1.12, 5.1.13, 5.1.15, 5.1.16, 5.4.1, 5.4.2 is carried out visually.
7.6 Checking the water flow (aqueous solution of foaming agent) for compliance with the requirements of 5.1.1 (table, paragraphs 2, 3) is used at operating pressure.
Flow measurement should be carried out using flow measuring devices or instruments with an error of no more than 4% of the upper limit of flow measurement. It is allowed to use the volumetric (weight) method, which determines the volume (mass) of liquid pumped over a certain time, with subsequent conversion to liquid consumption.
Time should be measured with a mechanical or electronic stopwatch with a scale division of no more than 0.2 s.
7.7 When determining the range of water and foam jets for compliance with the requirements of 5.1.1 (table, paragraph 4), the barrel is installed on the test site at an angle of inclination to the horizon of 30°. In this case, the stream of fire extinguishing liquid is directed along the wind.
Wind speed is determined using a vane anemometer.
The range (maximum at the outermost drops) of the jets is measured from the projection of the barrel nozzle onto the test site using a metal tape measure GOST 7502.
The range of the sprayed jet is determined in the position at which the angle of the jet is 30°.
7.8 The angle of the torch of the sprayed jet for compliance with the requirements of 5.1.1 (table, paragraph 6) is checked by photographing the torch, followed by measuring the angle between straight lines drawn along the outer drops in the photograph, using a protractor or other method.
Angle measurements are carried out with a protractor or other method, including trigonometric calculations with an accuracy of 1°.
7.9 When checking the expansion ratio of air-mechanical foam for compliance with the requirements of 5.1.1 (table, paragraph 5), equipment and test methods are used in accordance with GOST R 50588.
When testing, the foam jet is directed into a measuring container with a volume of at least 100 liters, installed at the exit of the jet. The container filling time is from 5 to 7 s.
Using a ruler with a measurement limit of 100 cm, determine the height of the foam layer with an error of no more than 1 cm.
7.10 Checking the movement of the barrel for compliance with the requirements of 5.1.1 (table, paragraphs 7, 8) is carried out when installing it on a horizontal platform.
The maximum angle of rotation of the barrel in the horizontal plane is measured from one extreme position to the other.
The maximum angle of rotation of the barrel in the vertical plane is measured from the position in which the axis of the barrel is perpendicular to the axis of the supply pipe.
Using a manual drive or using a remote control (if available), the barrel is rotated in a horizontal or vertical plane from lock to lock.
Angles are measured using an optical quadrant with a measurement limit of ±120° and a measurement error of ±30".
7.11 Checking the force on the control handles for compliance with the requirements of 5.1.6 is carried out when water is supplied to the barrel under operating pressure. Measurements are carried out using a dynamometer. In this case, the dynamometer is alternately attached to the control handles in the place where force is applied by hand. When taking measurements, the axis of application of dynamometer forces must be perpendicular to the handles.
To determine the force applied to the controls, you should use a dynamometer in accordance with GOST 13837, second class accuracy with a measurement range from 0.02 to 0.20 kN.
7.6-7.11 (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
7.12 Indicators of full service life and shelf life 5.1.2 are controlled in accordance with the following initial data:
- confidence probability - 0.9;
- regulated probability - 0.9;
- acceptance number of limit states - 0;
- acceptance number of failures - 0;
- number of tested barrels - 10.
The shelf life check is carried out on trunks that have been stored for at least 1 year. To carry out the check, the trunks must be re-opened and subjected to tests in the scope of acceptance tests.
Service life verification should be carried out by processing data obtained under operating conditions by collecting information in accordance with.
7.13 The probability of failure-free operation according to 5.1.2 is controlled in accordance with GOST 27.410 using a one-step method with the following initial data:
- manufacturer's risk - 0.1;
- consumer risk - 0.1;
- acceptance level - 0.999;
- rejection level - 0.993;
- number of cycles - 554;
- acceptance number of failures - 0.
The probability of failure-free operation is checked at operating pressure by running cycles.
Failure criteria should be considered to be the breakdown of barrel parts, leakage of connections, as well as an increase in water leakage through the shut-off (switching) device (if any).
Control should be carried out every 100 cycles.
7.14 Checking the strength and tightness of the barrel body and the tightness of connections for compliance with the requirements of 5.1.3 is carried out with the shut-off device open and the outlet hole plugged. The tightness of the shut-off device is checked when it is closed. Holding time under pressure is at least 2 minutes.
7.13, 7.14 (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
7.15 Mass should be measured on a scale with an accuracy of 2%.
7.16 Dimensions should be measured with a metal ruler (GOST 427) with a division value of 1 mm and a caliper (GOST 166) with a division value of 0.1 mm.
7.17 The interchangeability of parts is checked by mutual rearrangement of parts and assembly units on two barrels of the same standard size. Adjustment of parts is not allowed.
7.18 The results of periodic tests and reliability tests are documented in a report and test reports, which must contain:
- date and place of testing;
- name of the barrel type and its serial number;
- type and conditions of testing;
- diagram, brief description and characteristics of the test setup;
- data on measuring instruments, device numbers;
- test results.
APPENDIX A (for reference). Bibliography
APPENDIX A
(informative)  
       
RD 50-204-87 Guidelines. Reliability in technology. Collection and processing of information about the reliability of products in operation. Key points *
RD 50-204-87 Guidelines. Reliability in technology. Methods for assessing reliability indicators based on experimental data*
____________
*Text according to the original. - Database manufacturer's note.
The text of the document is verified according to:
official publication
M.: IPK Standards Publishing House, 1998
Revision of the document taking into account
changes and additions prepared
JSC "Kodeks"
Fire monitors (water cannons) are a device that shoots a high-speed stream of water. Typically, trunks can carry large volumes of water, often tens of meters. Such barrels are used in firefighting, vehicle washing, riot control and mining. Most water cannons fall under the category of fire monitors.
Fire monitors are high flow water flow control devices used for manual fire extinguishing or automatic fire protection systems.
Monitors can be divided into two broad ranges of applications. The first category is fixed fire monitors, typically made of brass or stainless steel, for use in industrial fire protection systems in places such as petroleum and chemical processing plants. The second - the main category of trunks is intended for use in fire engines. They are made from lighter weight materials, usually aluminum alloys, which help reduce the overall weight of the vehicle.
In Russia, the company "POZHTECHSPAS" LLC guarantees the lowest prices for monitors of its own production. You can check this by comparing prices on their website http://lafet01.ru. You can leave your thoughts on prices in the comments below the article.
Types of monitors
Roof monitors are often installed on fire boats, tug boats, and most fire engines for use in manual firefighting, where they can deliver a targeted stream of water or foam to a single firefighter while outside the fire hazard. Powder barrels are sometimes installed in fixed fire protection systems to protect high-risk installations such as aircraft hangars and helicopter landing pads. Likewise, facilities with flammable materials, such as oil refineries, have permanent monitors. Most hardware fire monitors can be deployed by a single firefighter, compared to a standard fire hose, which typically requires several. Portable barrel options allow the firefighter to mount the gun to supply water to the flames while he or she attends to other tasks.
Performance and consumption
Monitors can release 7,600 liters per minute or more. Standard nozzles used by the US Fire Service have a flow rate of 1300 liters per minute or more. The trunk is often found at the end of telescopic ladders. The high pressure they require makes them unsuitable for manual use.
Types of control
Management options should be viewed not simply as personal preferences, but as an integral part of the department's operational goals for efficiency and safety.
Most people are familiar with manual control, but there are some other indicators for manual monitors. The most important of these is to ensure ergonomic and safe operating conditions. The two most common manual barrel control configurations are 1) tiller and 2) gear wheel. Tiller control allows the barrel to be installed very quickly, but may require more manpower compared to gear wheel control.
Electronic controls
They provide a significant safety advantage. Typically the control point for the electronic monitor is located on the pump control panel. When using electronic controls, the firefighter does not have to rise above the apparatus to operate it. The National Fire Protection Association of the United States of America, in its guidelines for gun carriages, recommends the use of remote-controlled guns "without the need for a person to be lifted to the top of the apparatus." Electric controls also allow control from multiple locations.
Hydraulic and pneumatic controls
They provide much of the same benefits as electronic controls and were indeed the earliest options. With the ever-increasing flexibility of electrical controls, hydraulics and pneumatics have little to justify their cost and demanding maintenance.
Wireless control
Like almost everything else, wireless controlled fire monitors are also available these days. Wireless control essentially provides all the benefits of electronic control while allowing the operator to be completely removed from the device. The firefighter can better direct the stream from the barrel while remaining in a safer, less congested area and performing other firefighting duties. In many cases, wireless control can be economically feasible. In the case of antennas and multiple control points, where long paths can increase the cost of a traditional wired control system, wireless monitors do not require large costs.
Risks of use
Barrels bring with them many risks when used in urban environments. The jet should never be launched into a building with people inside, as the force of the jet can knock down a supporting wall in the building structure, which can then collapse and trap people. In addition, the steam generated by the large volume of water supplied can displace oxygen from the enclosed area, creating a risk of asphyxiation.
Fire monitors designed to produce powerful water or foam jets when extinguishing large fires in case of insufficient efficiency of manual fire nozzles.
Fire monitors are divided into stationary (C)(on a fire truck, tower), transportable (B)(on trailer) and portable (P).
Classification of fire monitors:
U - universal, forming a continuous and sprayed jet of water with a variable angle of the torch, as well as a jet of air-mechanical foam, overlapping, having a variable flow rate;
Without index U - forming a continuous stream of water and a stream of air-mechanical foam.
The index is given after the numbers indicating water consumption.
Depending on the type of control, the barrels can be with remote (D) or manual (without the index D) control. The index is given after the letters LS.
An example of a symbol for a fire monitor: LSD-S-40 U ,
Where PM - fire monitor, D - with remote control, WITH – stationary, 40 - water consumption (l/s), U - universal.
Water as a fire extinguishing agent: physical and chemical parameters and their analysis, mechanism for stopping combustion, scope of application, methods and techniques of water supply
Water is the main fire extinguishing cooling agent, the most accessible and versatile. When it comes into contact with a burning substance, water partially evaporates and turns into steam (1 liter of water turns into 1700 liters of steam), due to which air oxygen is displaced from the fire zone by water vapor. The fire extinguishing effectiveness of water depends on the method of supplying it to the fire (solid or sprayed stream). The greatest fire extinguishing effect is achieved when water is supplied in a sprayed state, because the area of simultaneous uniform cooling increases. The sprayed water quickly heats up and turns into steam, taking away a large amount of heat. Sprayed water jets are also used to reduce the temperature in rooms, protect against thermal radiation (water curtains), to cool heated surfaces of building structures, structures, installations, and also for smoke deposition.
Positive properties of water as a fire extinguishing agent.
1) Water has high heat capacity
2) Water has high thermal resistance
3) Water has low thermal conductivity
4) Low viscosity and incompressibility of water
5) Water capable of dissolving some vapors, gases and absorbing aerosols .
6) Some flammable liquids (liquid alcohols, aldehydes, organic acids, etc.) are soluble in water, therefore, when mixed with water, they form non-flammable or less flammable solutions.
7) Water with the absolute majority of flammable substances does not enter into a chemical reaction .
Negative properties of water as a fire extinguishing agent:
1) The main disadvantage of water as a fire extinguishing agent is that due to high surface tension
she poorly wets solid materials and especially fibrous substances . To eliminate this drawback, surfactants (surfactants), or, as they are called, wetting agents, are added to water.
5) Water electrically conductive , therefore it cannot be used to extinguish live electrical installations
3) The low viscosity of water contributes to the fact that a significant part of it flows away from the fire site , without having a significant impact on the process of combustion termination
4) Metallic magnesium, zinc, aluminum, titanium and its alloys, thermite and electron during combustion create a temperature in the combustion zone that exceeds the thermal resistance of water, i.e. more than 1700 0 C. Extinguishing them with water jets is unacceptable.
2) Water has relatively high density (at 4 0 C - 1 g/cm 3, at 100 0 C - 0.958 g/cm 3), which limits and sometimes eliminates its use for extinguishing oil products that have a lower density and are insoluble in water.
Fire pump: purpose, device and procedure for use
Fire pump designed for opening (closing) underground hydrants and connecting fire hoses for the purpose of drawing water from water supply networks for fire needs.
Rice. 2. Main parts of the fire column (device):
1 – upper body (head);
2 – handle;
3 – socket wrench;
4 – valve flywheel;
5 – valve cover;
6 – valve spindle;
7 – valve poppet valve;
8 – lower body;
9 – square key coupling;
10 – threaded ring;
11 – coupling connecting head (two).
The procedure for working with a fire column:
· install the column on the threaded fitting of the hydrant and screw it in until it stops;
· open the hydrant valve by turning the key in two steps: first, 1-2 turns to fill the dispenser body with water, then, after the noise of water flowing into it stops, open the hydrant valve completely;
· open the valves of the outlet pipes by rotating the handwheels;
· close the hydrant valve only when the valves of the outlet pipes of the dispenser are closed.