Settlements on the Pechora River. At the source of Pechora: where is the source and mouth of the Pechora River
Pechora, a river in the northeastern part of the European part of the USSR. Length 1809 km, basin area 322 thousand km2. It originates in the Northern Urals. It flows into the Pechora Bay of the Pechora Sea. From the source to the mouth of the river. Unya P. has a mountain character. After the confluence of the river... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
PECHORA, river on northeast European part Russian Federation. 1809 km, basin area 322 thousand km2. Starts at North. Urals, flows into the Pechora Bay of the Barents Sea. Average water flow is 4100 m3/s. The main tributaries are the Usa and Izhma. Slavnaya... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
1) city, district center, Komi Republic. Formed in 1949 from villages near the station. Pechora (officially opened in 1950) and at the river port of Kanin. Name of the village and city by location on the river. Pechora. 2) a river that flows into the Barents Sea; ... Geographical encyclopedia
Pechora- Pechora River. PECHORA, a river in the northeast of the European part of Russia. Length 1809 km. Sources in the Northern Urals, flows into Pechora Bay Barents Sea. Main tributaries: Usa, Izhma. Regular shipping from Troitsko-Pechorsk, sea vessels... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
PECHORA, a city in the Russian Federation, Komi Republic, is located on the right bank of the river. Pechora (see PECHORA (river)), 558 km northeast of Syktyvkar. A large river port in the northeast of the European part of Russia. Railroad station.… … encyclopedic Dictionary
A river in the northeast of the European part of the Russian Federation. 1809 km, basin area 322 thousand km². Starts at North. Urals, flows into the Pechora Bay of the Barents Sea. Average water flow is 4100 m³/s. The main tributaries are the Usa and Izhma. Slavnaya... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
1. PECHORA, a river in the northeast of the European part of Russia. 1809 km, pl. basin 322 thousand km2. It begins in the Northern Urals and flows into the Pechora Bay of the Barents Sea. Average water flow is 4100 m3/s. Basic tributaries Usa and Izhma. Splavnaya. Regular... ...Russian history
- (as well as derivatives Pechora, Pechora, Pechory): Contents 1 Hydronyms 2 Populated areas 3 Ethnonyms ... Wikipedia
Pechora: Pechora river Pechora city in the Komi Republic Pechora (Pechora) is an ancient tribe that lived in the basin of the Pechora River. See also Pechora Urban District municipality in the Komi Republic SAM S 125 “Pechora” ... Wikipedia
Pechora- Pechora. River basin. Pechora, a river in the Komi Republic and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Length 1809 km, basin area 322 thousand km2. It originates in the Northern Urals and flows through the Pechora Lowland. IN upper reaches It has narrow valley with high,... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"
Books
- My path, Dmitry Zhitenev. The book contains notes about nature and hunting, about places where I lived or visited - the Altai Mountains, the Northern Urals and the Pechora River, the Moscow Region and Belovezhskaya Pushcha, and many more places. You will read...
The Pechora River flows along Northern Urals. It originates in Ural mountains in the southeast of the Komi Republic. This mountainous region is part of the Pechoro-Ilychsky biosphere reserve. Initially, the water flow tends to the south, and then turns to the west. Near the village of Yakshi, the current rushes in a northerly direction and no longer strays from this path, only downstream it makes a large bend to the west.
The length of the river is 1809 km. The pool area is 322 thousand square meters. km. This is the approximate area of Finland. In terms of average annual water flow, the northern water flow ranks third after the Volga and Danube. Its basin contains the largest in area virgin forests Europe. So the residents of the far north have something to be proud of.
The Northern River is conventionally divided into 3 sections. These are the upper, middle and lower Pechora. The top part is the real one mountain river. The riverbed is replete with riffles and rapids. The river turns flat after the city of Vuktyl. True, the banks remain steep and high, but the speed of the current drops significantly. At the bottom of the floodplain water flow wide. These places are characterized big amount duct.
After the confluence of the Usa, the northern beauty turns west and forms a huge bend. In these places, the width of the channel reaches 2 km. This area is characterized by floodplain meadows. After the confluence of the Pizhma (length 389 km) and Tsilma (length 374 km), the Pechora River turns north. She rushes to the waters of the Arctic Ocean.
At a distance of 130 km from the sea surface, the river flow is divided into two large branches - Malaya and Bolshaya Pechora. Beyond the city of Naryan-Mar the delta begins. Its length is 110 km, and its width reaches 45 km. The northern beauty ends her journey in Pechora Bay of the Pechora Sea. This is the southeastern part of the Barents Sea.
The river basin has great amount lakes. Their number reaches 60 thousand. They feed mainly on snow. The flood begins closer to mid-May. And in downstream in the first ten days of June. The opening begins from the upper reaches and is very noisy. Congestion occurs due to ice blocks. After summer months the river bed is completely covered with ice by early November.
There are 35 thousand tributaries. The largest is the Usa River. Its length is 565 km, and its area water basin reaches 94 thousand square meters. km. There are also other major tributaries: Northern Mylva, Kozhva, Neritsa, Sulla and others. The southernmost of them is Unya. The length of this water stream reaches 163 km. The pool area is approximately 3 thousand square meters. km. The source of this river is not far from the source of our beauty. It is noteworthy that salmon comes to Unya to spawn.
Pechora River on the map
Pool northern river is a wild and inaccessible region. Highways in these places there is practically none. This is not at all surprising, since the entire area is covered with lakes, streams and rivers. It is impossible to build highways in such terrain. However, the underdeveloped infrastructure has preserved virgin nature, since people get to this harsh region very difficult.
The river is rich in fish. These are grayling, nelma, whitefish, whitefish, taimen, vendace. True, there are fewer and fewer taimen. Today, catching this fish is prohibited. But the numbers of pike, perch, dace and burbot still remain at a stable level. The wooded coastal lands are home to bears and moose. To the north, where the tundra begins, herds of reindeer appear.
Shipping carried out to Troitsko-Pechorsk. Marine vessels They enter the river and go upstream to Naryan-Mar. There are river ports in the city of Pechora (population more than 41 thousand people), Ust-Tsilma (population about 5 thousand people) and Naryan-Mar (population about 22 thousand people).
Pool northern beauty rich in minerals. There is gas, oil, coal here. There are deposits of titanium, chromite and manganese ores. Mention should also be made of tungsten, bismuth, molybdenum and niobium. All this is necessary for the state and is of great industrial importance.
Stanislav Lopatin
Feeds several large and powerful rivers. But in terms of their potential, none of them can compete with the main one. water artery- Pechora, which annually delivers approximately 130 cubic meters. km fresh water. Yes, in comparison with the Volga, this figure is not a record one. However, if we take the total resource of the Don and Dnieper as a starting point, then the Pechora is a record-breaking river, because its capabilities are 1.6 times greater than annual flow the mentioned waterways. Largely thanks to last fact The “blue Nile”, located in the northeast of the European part of the Russian Federation, has gained a reputation as an obstinate and fish-rich watercourse. And the river basin is truly huge. The order of the numbers is simply mesmerizing - about 35 thousand rivulets and streams and at least 61 thousand lakes.
Hydrological portrait
Pechora is characterized by mixed nutrition with a pronounced dominance of the snow mechanism of filling the basin (melt water from mountain caps and glaciers). The flood period occurs in April - May: in the first ten days of the second month of spring, the river overflows its banks in the middle reaches, in the lower reaches this process develops after 3-4 weeks and continues until the tenth of June.
A seasonal decrease in water level is observed in summer and winter. In the hot season, the low water period covers the period from late July to August, but frequent heavy rains affect the situation, and the water in Pechora periodically rises. Stable ice cover, as a rule, is formed in the twentieth of October (we are talking about the upper reaches of the riverbed) and is accompanied by the formation of congestion.
Geographical conditions
Due to difficult climatic conditions and total roadlessness, the territory designated as the Pechora River basin is, in fact, a poorly studied region. By at least, human influence on the local nature is minimized. On both sides of the riverbed stretch pristine taiga lands, from time to time giving way to areas of tundra and mountain ranges.
The length of the Pechora River is 1809 km, the surface area is more than 322 thousand square meters. kilometers. It originates in the Northern Urals and, winding, initially goes mainly to the southwest. All along the route from the source to the confluence of the tributary called Unya, the river is restless (there is a mountain current). But near the village of Yakshi, the channel goes north, towards the Pechora Lowland, and after passing the mouth of the Usa, it smoothly rushes to the west and divides. The wide elbow and two long bends play the role of a “shock absorber”, as a result of which the flow speed slows down.
River tributaries and their features
The vast majority of the right tributaries of the Pechora are born in the Ural Mountains and boast a harsh temper.
Among them is the Usa, a river that stretches for half a thousand kilometers and intensively feeds the Komi-Nenets “blue Nile”. Ilych and Shchugor are also “right-handed,” but they are much calmer. This is an ideal option for family kayaking.
The northern climate is so harsh that even with favorable conditions large vessels had to set river speed records in order to avoid falling into the off-season trap. For the same reason, the duration of navigation in the middle of the last century did not exceed 110-115 days a year, and the main “profile” of the river was not transport transportation at all, but timber rafting.
Pechora - the river of today
The height of its source is 676 meters above sea level. The height of the mouth of the Pechora River (Pechora Bay) is 0 meters. Having carried out simple mathematical calculations, we can determine that the total height of the fall of the riverbed is 676 meters. For a watercourse 1809 km long - not so much. But given the geographical and geological specifics of the area, this is not so little to significantly complicate the life of pilots and captains of river ships.
Modern navigation on the Pechora River is developing mainly due to discovered gas and oil fields. The first successful drilling in this region was carried out almost 35 years ago. Over the years, the workers' settlement managed to grow to the size of a county town; Along the way, several channels were dug to optimize the channel. On this moment The duration of navigation ranges from 165-190 days. Besides transport function, Pechora is assigned the role of a reliable supplier fish products(pike, dace, salmon, vendace); its territory drainage basin includes one and a half hundred nature reserves and a huge national park.
Perhaps the main cultural heritage of the region is located in Pechoro-Ilychsky biosphere reserve. These are the so-called Weathering Pillars, awarded the status of one of
Pechora River Danube, Pechora River VolgaPechora(Komi Pechӧra, Nen. Sanero’’yakha) is a river in the Komi Republic and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug of Russia.
- 1 Title
- 2 Geography
- 2.1 Tributaries
- 3 Hydrology
- 4 Settlements
- 5 Economic use
- 6 Topographic maps
- 7 Notes
- 8 Literature
- 9 Links
Name
The word pechora means "cave". In the literary Russian language, cave is Church Slavonic; the word pechora is known in dialects.
Geography
Length - 1809 km, basin area - 322 thousand km². The river originates in the Northern Urals, in the southeastern part of the Komi Republic, and flows primarily to the southwest. From the source to the mouth of the Unya River, Pechora has a mountainous character. At the village of Yakshi (after the confluence of the Volostnitsa River) it turns north and flows along the Pechora Lowland to Ust-Usa. After the mouth of the river, Usy turns west, forming a wide bend with two large bends. The width of the channel here reaches 2 km; extensive floodplain meadows appear in the valley. in the Ust-Tsilma area (after the confluence of the Pizhma and Tsilma rivers), the Pechora again turns north; in this section its wide floodplain is cut by numerous channels (“balls”) and oxbow lakes.
Tugboat (near the city of Pechora)
Approximately 130 km from the mouth, the Pechora is divided into two branches - eastern (Bolshaya Pechora) and western (Malaya Pechora). Below, in the Naryan-Mar region, the river forms a delta about 45 km wide and flows into the Pechora Bay of the Pechora Sea.
The surge currents extend south to the village of Oksina.
Tributaries
Pechora poolThe main tributaries are Unya, Northern Mylva, Velyu, Lemyu, Kozhva, Lyzha, Izhma, Neritsa, Pizhma, Tsilma, Sula, Borovaya (left); Ilych, Podcherye, Shchugor, Usa, Laya, Yorsa, Sozva, Shapkina, Kuya (right).
Hydrology
The diet is mixed, with a predominance of snow. The flood begins in late April - early May, maximum - in mid-May in the middle reaches and lower reaches until the first days of June. In summer and winter there is low water. Summer low water - from mid-July to August, often interrupted by rain floods. The average annual water flow is 4100 m³/s at the mouth. Freezes at the end of October; the opening occurs from the upper reaches and is accompanied by ice jams.
Average monthly water flow in the river (m³/s) in the area of the village of Oksino (141 km from the mouth) from 1981 to 1993
Settlements
The most important piers on Pechora are Naryan-Mar, Ust-Tsilma, Pechora.
Other settlements on Pechora are Komsomolsk-on-Pechora, Troitsko-Pechorsk, Akis, Ust-Unya, Brykalansk, etc.
Economic use
Regular navigation is possible to Troitsko-Pechorsk, in spring and autumn - to Ust-Unya. Sea vessels go upstream to Naryan-Mar (110 km from the mouth).
Fisheries are developed (salmon, whitefish, vendace).
There are deposits in the Pechora basin coal, oil and gas.
Topographic maps
- Map Sheet P-40-XV,XVI Komosmolsk-on-Pechora. Scale: 1: 200,000. Indicate the date of issue/condition of the area.
- Map Sheet P-40-69.70 Bolshaya Shaitanovka. Scale: 1: 100,000. 1968 edition.
- Map Sheet P-40-71.72 Pechora Nature Reserve. Scale: 1: 100,000. Indicate the date of issue/condition of the area.
Notes
- Data on arcticnet website
Literature
- Hun G. P. Pechora - golden shores / Design by artist V. B. Kolesnikov. - M.: Mysl, 1972. - 144, p. - 60,000 copies.
- Pystin M. Pechora: Economic and geographical essay. - Syktyvkar, 1974.
- E. A. Martel, “Les abimes, les eaux souierraines, les cavernes, les sources, la spelaeologie” (B., 1884),
- Fr. Kraus, "Hohlenkunde" (B., 1894).
Links
- Pechora (river) - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- Pechora - “Dictionary of modern geographical names”
- Pechora River. State water register data
- “The source of the Pechora River” - photo by user panoramio.com.
- Pechora River, photo, description
- Catalog of hydrological posts. Northern region
Pechora River Amazon, Pechora River Volga, Pechora River Danube, Pechora River Maritsa
Pechora is the largest river in the Russian North and the third longest in the European part of Russia. Where are the source and mouth of the Pechora River? What is her water regime and nutrition? And how well has this river basin been developed? Let's try to answer all these questions in our article.
Pechora River: where is the source and mouth?
The watercourse belongs to the Arctic Ocean basin. Flows through the territories of two regions of the Russian Federation - the Komi Republic and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Below are the main hydrological characteristics Pechora River:
- Length (in kilometers) - 1809 km.
- The pool area is 322 thousand square meters. km.
- The total fall of the river is 630 meters.
- The river slope is 0.34 m/km.
- Water flow at the mouth is 4100 cubic meters. m/sec.
The largest tributaries of the Pechora:
- Usa (565 km).
- Izhma (531 km).
- Shapkina (499 km).
- Ilych (410 km).
- Tsilma (374 km).
- Sula (353 km).
- Laya (332 km).
The total number of tributaries of this river is 35 thousand. Below you can see the exact location water system Pechory on physical map countries (marked in blue).
So, we found out where the source and mouth of the Pechora River are. Now let’s find out what this watercourse is fed by and how much its banks have been developed by man.
Water regime and nutrition
The Pechora River flows in a humid and cold climate. Accordingly, melted snow water predominates in its feeding system. The river freezes at the end of October and opens at the beginning of May. The spring clearing of the riverbed from ice is accompanied by powerful jams.
Flood (maximum water level in the riverbed) is observed in May-June. Low water (minimum water level in the river) lasts from November to April. In summer, floods are common due to heavy rainfall. The average annual water flow at the mouth of the Pechora is 4100 cubic meters per second.
Development and economic use of the river
The largest settlements on the banks of the Pechora:
- City of Pechora.
- City of Vuktyl.
- City of Naryan-Mar.
- The village of Troitsko-Pechorsk.
- The village of Ust-Tsilma.
- The village of Ust-Usa.
- The village of Brykalansk.
Regular navigation is possible only to Troitsko-Pechorsk. sea ships rise upstream all the way to Naryan-Mar. Here, as well as in the city of Pechora, the main piers on this river operate.
As mentioned above, fishing is developing on the Pechora and its tributaries. Salmon and vendace are caught here in commercial quantities. Bosom earth's crust within river basin Pechory is extremely rich in various minerals.
Thus, the richest deposits of coal, oil and gas have been explored here. There are deposits of some metal ores, in particular, manganese, titanium, tungsten, molybdenum and niobium. Industrial development of all these mineral resources requires significant investment, but can bring huge profits to the state.