Find a message about the reserve. Reserves and their types
African continent has the highest concentration national parks on the planet. As of 2014, there are 335 national parks. They protect more than 1,100 species of mammals, 100,000 species of insects, 2,600 species of birds and 3,000 species of fish. In addition, there are hundreds of game reserves, forest, marine and national reserves, as well as natural parks.
The Black Continent is rich in habitat diversity. The tropical rainforests and arid savannah plains of the Sahara Desert are home to the most different types wildlife. Africa is home to many fascinating animals, including some that are endangered. It is also considered as the birthplace of human civilization.
Serengeti National Park
Zebra migration in Serengeti National Park. .
Serengeti National Park in Tanzania is one of the oldest and most famous reserves in Africa. The park is famous for the annual migration of millions of wildebeest, hundreds of thousands of gazelles and zebras, as well as the predators that hunt them. This is one of the most impressive natural spectacles in the world. Great Migration, which extends over 1000 kilometers of annual circular trek, passes through unique scenic spots with vast treeless expanses and dramatic rolling meadows dotted with exposed rocks and interspersed with rivers and forests. This park has one of the world's largest and most diversified populations with predator-prey interactions.
The Serengeti National Park covers an area of 12,950 square kilometers and is considered one of the least disturbed natural ecosystems on the ground.
Masai Mara National Reserve
Masai Mara - national reserve, located in Narok County, Kenya. It borders the Serengeti National Park and was named after the Maasai people who inhabited these regions. It is famous for its exceptional population of lions, leopards and cheetahs, as well as the annual migration of zebras, Thomson's gazelles and wildebeest, which travel to this place from July to October each year from the Serengeti. The event is known as the "great migration".
The Masai Mara occupies a relatively small area, but boasts an amazing concentration of wildlife. The park is home to 95 species of mammals, amphibians, reptiles and more than 400 species of birds. The Big Five (buffalo, elephant, leopard, lion and rhinoceros) abound throughout the park. Leopards, cheetahs, hyenas, giraffes, wildebeests, topis, baboons, warthogs, buffalos, zebras, elephants, hippos and crocodiles converge on the Mara River.
Aerial photograph of a herd of wildebeest following several leading zebras in the Masai Mara.
Bwindi National Park
Bwindi National Park is located in southwestern Uganda in East Africa. It ranks 331 square kilometer jungle and, as the name suggests, you can only get to this place on foot. Located on eastern edge rift valley Albertine, the park has a rich ecosystem and perhaps greatest number tree species in East Africa. It is also home to a diverse fauna, including a number of endemic butterflies and one of the richest assemblages of mammals in Africa.
Bwindi is home to almost half the world's population mountain gorillas, which, unfortunately, numbers only 340 individuals.
Mountain gorilla in Bwindi National Park.
Amboseli National Park
Amboseli National Park is one of the most popular parks in Kenya. It is located in the south of the country, on the border with Tanzania. The park offers one of the most classic and breathtaking views of Mount Kilimanjaro with its 5,985 meter peak rising above the plains. Amboseli attracts visitors primarily because of its huge herds of elephants, although the park is also inhabited by many predators such as lions, cheetahs and leopards.
An elephant crosses a dirt road in Amboseli National Park. Mount Kilimanjaro is visible in the background.
Kruger National Park
Kruger National Park is one of the largest reserves in Africa and one of the largest national parks in the world. Its area is 19,485 square kilometers. It is also the first national park in South Africa, which opened in 1926, although the park has been protected by the state since 1898.
Kruger National Park has more species large mammals than any other African reserve, including representatives of the "big five" - lions, leopards, elephants, rhinoceroses and buffalo.
Chobe National Park
Chobe National Park is located in the northwestern part of Botswana, close to the border of Zambia, Zimbabwe and Namibia. It is famous for its stunning elephant population. Experts estimate there are 50,000 of these large animals, possibly the highest concentration of elephants in Africa. Best time The best time to visit Chobe is during the dry season from April to October, when the water bodies dry up and the animals gather close to the river bank, where they are easy to spot.
An elephant calf on the banks of the Chobe River in the national park of the same name.
Etosha National Park
Etosha National Park is located in northwestern Namibia and covers an area of 22,270 square kilometers. It gets its name from the silvery-white salt crystals that cover the large panoramas that cover almost a quarter of Etosha. The park is home to hundreds of species of mammals, birds and reptiles, including several rare and endangered species such as black rhinoceroses.
The Etosha Salt Flat covers an area of 4,800 square kilometers and was formed 16,000 years ago. .
Central Kalahari National Game Reserve
The Kalahari Game Reserve covers an area of 52,800 km² in the Kalahari Desert in Botswana. It is approximately twice the size of Massachusetts, making it the second largest nature reserve in the world. Its territory is characterized by vast open plains, salt lakes and ancient river beds. The land is mostly flat and slightly undulating, covered with bushes and grass, and also covers sand dunes and areas with large trees.
The park is home to such species of wild animals as giraffe, brown hyena, warthog, cheetah, wild dog, leopard, lion, blue wildebeest, eland, gemsbok, kudu and red tambourine.
Bushmen have inhabited the Kalahari for thousands of years since the Stone Age. They still live here and move around the territory as nomadic hunters.
Bushmen in the Kalahari.
Nechisar National Park
Nechisar National Park occupies only 514 square meters. km., located in an excellent scenic part of the Rift Valley between two lakes. The park in the east is bordered by the Amaro Mountains, which rise to 2000 m, and in the north by Lake Abaya with eternally red waters (1070 sq. km.). In the south - with a little clear lake Chamo has an area of 350 km. To the east is the town of Arba Minch.
From a certain distance, the plains in the center appear white, which is where the name Nechisar or “white grass” comes from.
Nechisar National Park is considered an important habitat for bird populations, especially migratory ones. It is home to kingfishers, storks, pelicans, flamingos and fish eagles.
Ngorongoro Game Reserve
Ngorongoro is located in northwestern Tanzania. Essentially, these are the remains of the old Ngorongoro volcano, which collapsed and formed a crater. Its steep slopes have become a natural refuge for the wide variety of wildlife that live here. On the plains beyond the crater, the Maasai people graze their livestock, seemingly oblivious to the herds of wild animals that fill the vast landscape. The site is also important in tracing human origins, as it has yielded some of the earliest human remains and traces of human activity dating back 3.5 million years.
TO end of the 19th century centuries, people began to understand that if they do not protect the environment, but only mercilessly exploit it, then in a fairly short time they will manage to destroy many species of animals and flora. Part of this menial work has already been done. In addition, our beautiful and diverse planet may forever lose its unique natural formations. For this reason, reserves appeared and National parks peace. Every state that has national parks strives to preserve their natural splendor and diversity. At the same time, in different countries the forms of national parks may vary, but they are all dedicated to general idea preserving nature for future generations who could be proud of their country. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, there are now 6,555 national parks in the world.
1. Greenland National Park
The world's largest national park (972,000 sq. km) is also the northernmost. Its area exceeds the area of 163 countries of the world! It was founded in 1974. Apart from the national park staff, there are no other residents here. About 10 thousand musk oxen also live here, which is 40% of all these animals remaining in the world. Other inhabitants of the park include reindeer, polar bears, walruses, Arctic hares and stoats. Sparse vegetation here is represented by mosses and lichens, and only here and there you can see dwarf willows and birches.
2. Kruger (South Africa)
In the national park. Kruger features typical South African wildlife. This is not only a very popular nature reserve among foreign travelers, but also profitable business bringing in considerable income. This oldest national park in South Africa, listed as a UNESCO heritage site, was founded back in 1898 in the northeast of the country. Its area is 19,000 square meters. km, and from end to end the distance is 340 km. It consists of three parts, located in the valleys of the Olifants and Sabie rivers. This reserve practices a curious form of “unarmed” African safari. In a huge national park, most animals are grouped in its central part. Among them: elephants, hippopotamuses, crocodiles, giraffes, white rhinoceroses, leopards, 17 species of antelope and over 400 species of birds.
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3. Serengeti (Tanzania)
Serengeti National Park is one of the largest (15,000 sq. km) and most famous on the planet, containing almost a complete ecosystem. This reserve, the oldest in Africa, dates back to 1929. Its territory is home to almost 500 species of birds and 3 million of the largest mammals. Every year there are spectacular migrations of millions of herds of wildebeest, hundreds of thousands of zebras and gazelles, these living rivers cover a distance of more than 3000 km. The migration of zebras and wildebeest is explained by the fact that a drought begins in the north of the park, burning the grass, and in search of food, herbivorous ungulates rush to the cooler and wetter south. On the contrary, when the rainy season begins, the herds return to the north and west.
The Serengeti also boasts the largest population of lions in Africa. Among its inhabitants we should mention elephants, hyenas, gazelles, rhinoceroses and hippopotamuses. In the Maasai language the name of the park means " endless plains“- and in fact, here is basically an endless savannah.
4. Yellowstone National Park (USA)
Located in the northwestern United States, Yellowstone National Park is very famous in the world, especially in last years. It includes the territories of several states: Montana, Idaho and Wyoming. The national park was founded here in 1872 because great amount geysers and thermal springs. A large alpine lake, Yellowstone is located in the crater of the largest supervolcano in America. This volcano has already erupted a long time ago, so the surrounding areas are covered with ancient lava.
Yellowstone is home to two-thirds of all the geysers in the world - almost 3000, among them the largest in the world - "Steamboat". The Old Faithful geyser is very famous for its regular eruptions, which throws boiling water to a height of 40 meters at intervals of 45-125 minutes. There are only five geyser fields known in the world, located in Yellowstone, Kamchatka, Chile, Iceland and New Zealand. Yellowstone is densely packed with a variety of thermal springs, of which there are about 10,000 (that is, half of those in the world), there are mud volcanoes and sources of hydrogen sulfide.
The national park is home to hundreds of species of mammals, reptiles, fish, birds and approximately 2,000 species of vegetation.
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5. Snowdonia (UK)
This national park is located in the north of Wales. This is one of the first nature reserves in England and Wales; it was created 60 years ago. It was named after the highest peak in Wales - Mount Snowdon, which has a height of 1085 m. The territory of the Snowdonia National Park lies not only on public but also on private lands. 26,000 people live within its borders, and the number of tourists visiting it per year reaches 6 million. For them, the park has 2,381 km of open hiking trails, and there are also 264 km of trails for equestrian and backpackers and 74 km of other routes. Thus, those who wish can climb to the top of Snowdon by cable car or along a picturesque walking trail with a length of 13 km. There are also ancient railway tracks in the park.
6. Plitvice Lakes (Croatia)
The term “Plitvice Lakes” was first mentioned in documents in 1777. The site became a national park in 1949, and 30 years later UNESCO added it to its heritage list. On its territory there are 16 large karst lakes, 20 caves and 140 waterfalls. This place is unique in that new waterfalls appear here every year and in general the landscape is constantly changing. The water in the lakes here has an amazingly beautiful azure color, so photographs here turn out to be unusually spectacular. Along the 18-kilometer-long hiking trails along the shores of the lakes, there are wooden decks from which it is convenient to observe the surrounding beauty and photograph it.
There are several walking routes throughout the park, a journey along which can take either a couple of hours or 8 hours. There is a boat plying the lakes, and you can look at the mountains from an electric train with special cars adapted for better review. But it is forbidden to swim in local lakes, bring dogs here, or have picnics with bonfires. Plitvice Lakes are also famous for their unique coniferous and beech forests, which have been growing here for many centuries and are able to recover.
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7. Fiordland (New Zealand)
This is the name of New Zealand's largest national park, which occupies South Island much of its southwestern mountainous terrain. Here are the country's deepest lakes and quite high and picturesque mountains, reaching 2746 m. And now Fiordland remains a difficult-to-reach area. There is a lot of beauty here: fast-moving rivers with waterfalls, picturesque fjords, rich and unique flora and fauna. The local dense forests are inhabited by beautiful birds, such as cockatoos parrots. In local waters of the Pacific Ocean you can find penguins or bottlenose dolphins.
The famous British writer Rudyard Kipling glorified local bay Milford Sound, calling it "the eighth wonder of the world". Along its entire 18-kilometer length, the bay is framed by high mountain peaks. This place is one of the wettest on the planet - it rains here every two days out of three.
8. Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Reserve
This reserve is unique in many ways. Spread over huge territory at 444,000 sq. km, it covers the territories of five countries at once: Botswana, Angola, Namibia, Zimbabwe and Zambia. There are no boundaries on the territory of the reserve itself, so animals can move freely throughout its entire territory. This largest African reserve includes a number of parks individual states, for example, "Okavango Delta" and "Chobe".
In addition to the rich wildlife, the territory of this reserve contains world-famous attractions, for example, the magnificent Victoria Falls. Appeared transboundary reserve recently - in 2011. The most important task The five states that organized it aimed to provide the possibility of free migration for animals. But it has also become a very important and profitable tourist attraction, because literally every day a new tourist group appears in one place or another of the endless reserve. First of all, travelers are attracted here by African elephants, of which almost half of all live here. savannah elephants living in Africa. Over 600 species of flora, including unique ones, also grow on the lands of the reserve, and 300 species of birds can be seen in the sky above the luxurious landscapes.
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9. Papahānaumokuākea Marine Sanctuary (USA)
This reserve is located in the middle of the Pacific Ocean in the Hawaiian archipelago, including a group of its small islands and atolls. It has an area of approximately 360,000 sq. km, making it the largest protected area in the world marine reserve. Founded Papahānaumokuākea Nature Reserve was recently - in 2006. Its islands contain exotic animals and plants, but not only these land-dwelling living objects are valuable, but also the luxurious coral reefs hidden under the water layer, forming a unique system.
This name of the reserve did not appear immediately, but only a year after its formation - this is how they decided to celebrate the married couple of the patrons of nature - the local gods Uakea and Papahanaumoku. For the native Hawaiians, these places have been sacred since ancient times; according to their beliefs, the souls of their dead relatives went here.
Archaeologists explored these islands and found that some of them were inhabited by humans in prehistoric times. For example, on the islands of Nihoa and Makumanamana there are remains of ancient settlements in which people lived who were engaged in agriculture. Within Papahānaumokuākea is a tenth of the tropical shallow-water coral reefs owned by the United States.
10. Limpopo Transfrontier Park
This park also occupies the territories of several African countries - South Africa, Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Its area is this moment is about 37,000 sq. km, 10 stand out on it different zones. To date, the final border of the reserve has not yet been established, especially since it is expected to expand almost three times. This one appeared transboundary park only in 2000, and a year later the first animals appeared in it. Now elephants, giraffes, cheetahs, spotted hyenas and other African wildlife already live there.
Ecotourism, or ecotourism, is travel to places with relatively untouched nature. The main principle for such a trip is not to harm the environment, so ecological routes mainly run through national parks and nature reserves.
Transbaikalsky National Park.
The Zabaikalsky National Park is located within a typical mountain taiga region. The relief is mountainous. Within the boundaries of the park there are large orographic units: the Svyatonossky ridge, the Barguzinsky ridge, the Chivyrkuisky isthmus and the Ushkany Islands.
Two mountain ranges stretch across the park in the direction from northeast to southwest: the Barguzinsky ridge - gradually descending from the Barguzinsky reserve to lake. Barmashovoye ( highest point ridge within the boundaries of the park - 2376 m above sea level) and the Sredinny ridge of the Svyatoy Nos Peninsula (the highest point is approximately in the middle part of 1877 m), gradually decreasing to the north and south. The Chivyrkuisky Isthmus connects the Svyatoy Nos Peninsula with east coast Baikal. The Ushkany Islands (Big Ushkany Island and Small Ushkany Islands) are the peaks of the Academichesky Ridge, which divides the Baikal depression into two basins - northern and southern.
Altai Nature Reserve.
Altai Nature Reserve is a World Heritage Site natural heritage UNESCO since 1998. Included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves of the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Program (MAB) - May 26, 2009. It is included in the "Global-200" (WWF) list - pristine or little-changed ecoregions of the world, which contain 90% of the planet's biodiversity.
Occupied Altai Nature Reserve the territory includes five physical-geographical districts of three natural provinces. In the spectrum of altitudinal zonation, almost all natural zones of the Altai Mountains are distinguished: taiga low and mid-mountain mountains, subalpine and alpine meadow mid-mountains and high mountains, tundra-steppe high mountains, tundra mid-mountain and high mountains, glacial-nival high mountains. Forests occupy 34% of the total area of the main zone. They are located in the lower and middle parts of mountains, on steep slopes of valleys, as well as on lower parts of sloping ridges. The lower border of the forest begins at a level of 436 meters (level of Lake Teletskoye), and the upper border varies at different parts. So, if in the southeast it is at an altitude of 2000-2200 m above sea level, then in the northwest it drops to a level of 1800-2000 m.
Lazovsky Reserve.
Of particular value in the protected area is the unique grove of relict pointed yew on the island. Petrov, thickets of endemic cross-paired microbiota, populations of such rare animals as the Amur goral, Amur tiger, Ussuri sika deer.
The Lazovsky Nature Reserve is located on the southern spurs of the Sikhote-Alin, in the interfluve of the Kievka and Chernaya rivers. The Zapovedny Ridge divides the territory of the reserve into two parts - northern continental and southern coastal. The average height of the mountains is 500-700 m, some peaks reach 1200-1400 m above sea level. The mountain slopes have varying steepness, on average 20-25 degrees, their ridges are narrow but flat. Significant areas are occupied by rocky placers. The height of the spurs decreases in the east towards the sea, the watershed ridges turn into small hilly ridges up to 100 m high.
Nature Reserve "Kedrovaya Pad".
The very first reserve of the Far East and one of the oldest reserves in Russia, formed to preserve and study undisturbed liana coniferous-deciduous forests, unique to Russia. Southern Primorye, characterized by a high proportion of rare and endemic species of flora and fauna. The reserve and its surroundings are the only place in Russia where the Far Eastern leopard lives.
The most valuable are black fir-broad-leaved forests or black fir forests, the Far Eastern leopard; on Mount Chalban, plants are common that are very rare in other places of the Far East - currant-leaved carp, Komarov currant. In the reserve, rock primrose was found for the first time (on Mount Chalban), and species new to science were described - Far Eastern violet and Ussuri corydalis. The Kedrovaya River flows through the reserve; its length does not exceed 25 kilometers. It is the ideal of a clean river for scientists all over the world.
Samarskaya Luka National Park.
The Samarskaya Luka National Park was created in 1984 by decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, and is one of the first three national parks in Russia.
Samara Luka is a unique area formed by the bend of the largest European river the Volga in its middle reaches and the Usinsky Bay of the Kuibyshev Reservoir. The Volga in this place makes a large arc facing the east, and then turns to the southwest. Its length is more than 200 km. The ancient carbonate rocks raised high here form something like an island.
An unusually high concentration of monuments of almost all known to science cultures of the European forest-steppe, starting with Bronze Age and early iron to modern times. In the territory Samara Luka There are about 200 natural and historical monuments. It is also rich in archaeological finds.
Smolensk Poozerye National Park.
The Smolensk Poozerye National Park was formed on the territory of the Demidovsky and Dukhovshchinsky districts of the Smolensk region in 1992 “to preserve natural complexes for recreational, educational, scientific and cultural purposes.” In November 2002, it was awarded the status of a biosphere reserve under the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) program. The name "Smolensk Poozerie" owes its name to 35 large and small glacial lakes located in the park. Each of these lakes is beautiful and unique in its own way.
In terms of configuration, the park's territory is an almost regular rhombus. The maximum distance from west to east is 55 km, from north to south – 50 km. The geographical center of the park is located in the area of the village. Przhevalskoe. total area The territory of the park within the boundaries approved by state acts is 146,237 hectares. The security zone is 500 m of territory adjacent to the park border.
Curonian Spit National Park.
The Curonian Spit National Park is located in the part bordering Lithuania Kaliningrad region on a narrow strip of sushi between salty Baltic Sea and the freshwater Curonian Lagoon. The northern boundaries of the park run along the Russian-Lithuanian border.
The natural uniqueness of the territory of the national park is that it is the largest sand bar in the world. The dune landscapes of the spit are distinguished by their exceptional beauty and aesthetic impact on humans and represent unique object for the development of ecological tourism.
The Curonian Spit has been regarded as “an exceptional example of a sand dune landscape under constant threat from natural forces such as wind and water. After the destructive intervention of man, which threatened the existence of the spit, it was restored through stabilization and protection work that began in the 19th century and continues to this day.” Currently, the territory of the Curonian Spit is officially protected by the UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.
Valdai National Park.
The Valdai National Park was formed with the aim of preserving the unique lake-forest complex of the Valdai Upland and creating conditions for the development of organized recreation in this area. The basis for the creation of the park was the unique combination and richness of natural components, the degree of their preservation and the ability to maintain ecological balance, and the enormous aesthetic impact of natural landscapes. A differentiated regime of special protection has been established on the territory of the park, taking into account its natural, historical and cultural features. In accordance with this, the following functional zones have been identified: reserved, specially protected, recreational, zone of regulated use around lakes and rivers, as well as a visitor service zone.
Ilmensky Nature Reserve.
One of the oldest reserves in Russia, founded in 1920 to preserve unique mineral deposits. Since 1935, it has been transformed into a complex reserve for the preservation and study of mineral wealth, flora and fauna of the eastern macroslope Southern Urals. In 1991, the historical and archaeological branch "Arkaim" (currently the forestry "Stepnoe") was added to the reserve to preserve and study the unique monument of the early urban civilization of the Bronze Age - the settlement "Arkaim" and the archaeological complex in the Bolshekaragan Valley. The reserve is the only mineralogical reserve in the country and one of the few mineralogical reserves in the world.
Only by stepping onto the protected lands can you breathe cleanest air, enjoy the pristine views of nature to absorb with every cell of the body true beauty homeland.
Ubsunur Basin
Got on the List world heritage UNESCO in 2003. Almost the entire territory of the reserve consists of unique isolated areas, which are strikingly different in their natural conditions. So, here you can find: mountain taiga massifs; highlands with alpine meadows, mountain tundras, eternal snow and small glaciers; small in area sandy deserts, as well as steppe and forest-steppe areas. That is, the Ubsunur Basin is a unique natural object where such contrasting landscapes can be found in a small area.
The second most important value of the basin is the species diversity of flora and fauna. Here you can find unique combinations of southern and northern animals and plants. There are enough people living on the territory rare species representatives of the animal kingdom: Argali mountain sheep, snow leopard.
And the third feature of the reserve is that monuments were once discovered here cultural heritage: stone sculptures, rock paintings and ancient burials.
How to get there? Since it is located in the border zone, passes are required to visit: you can get them at the administration of the reserve (city of Kyzyl, Kalinina St., 144A). You can drive by moving towards Western Tuva (via Ak-Chyraa from Samagaltai to Khandagayta).
Magadan Nature Reserve
Also included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Since it is divided into four distinctive cluster areas, this has provided the area with rich biological and landscape diversity. The glacial relief zone is considered a geological and geomorphological monument. Almost the entire territory of the reserve is covered with waterfalls and alpine lakes.
An amazing feature of the protected area is that specific ecosystems that are not found anywhere else have been preserved here in their original form: Beringian cedar tundra, deciduous floodplain forests, continental larch woodlands. Here you can find relict flora, and most of the vascular plants are included in the pages of the Red Book of Russia.
The fauna of the reserve is quite diverse: chum salmon, seals, Snow leopards, reindeer, black-capped marmots, sables - this is only a minimal list of the entire variety of representatives of the animal kingdom.
How to get there? You can get to one of the sites. Olsky section: 50 kilometers away from the city of Magadan. The Kava-Chelomdzhinsky section lies 180 kilometers from Magadan.
This reserve is famous for its waterfall of the same name. It is located in the region where three elements are united in a harmonious combination: stone, forest and water.
Counts the oldest reserve, since it appeared in 1931. Choosing a place for protected area was predetermined by the location of the waterfall, which became a favorite tourist attraction. And since there were pine forests around it, there was a need to protect them from cutting down.
The area of the reserve is interesting in the sense that it is represented by all types of relief of Karelia. So, here you can find eskers (selgi) “curly rocks” and “ram’s foreheads”.
Visitors to the reserve immediately find themselves in an excursion area, which includes an arboretum, a nature museum and the aforementioned waterfall.
How to get there? By car or excursion buses coming from Petrozavodsk or St. Petersburg. Drive along the M-18 highway until the village of Sopokha, then turn west, reaching the desired sign.
Great Arctic Nature Reserve
This is the largest reserve in terms of area in all of Eurasia, as well as the third in the world in terms of area, the shores of which are washed by two seas: the Laptev and Kara. The territory is characterized by an impressive diversity of landscapes, and there are also areas with permafrost. Once in this protected area, you can admire the most beautiful phenomena of the polar night and polar day.
Quite exciting routes have been developed for visitors here: “Khutuda Biga - the river, rich in life", "Taimyr Labyrinth", "Spring on Khutuda-Big", "Medusa Bay". They involve diving, rafting, zoological and ornithological safaris, visiting a Nenets camp, where you can get acquainted with their life and culture.
How to get there? Located in the city of Norilsk, Krasnoyarsk Territory. You can get there public transport or by car.
Lapland Nature Reserve
The largest protected area in Europe, as well as the oldest in Russia (it was created a year earlier than the Kivach nature reserve). Initially, the reserve was created in order to preserve not only the population of wild reindeer, but also those natural conditions, which are still in pristine condition, representing the main value of the reserve. On its territory it was possible to preserve virgin old-growth forests, general age which ranges from 3 to 10 thousand years. The trees themselves exist in them for 400–600 years.
Since 1995, the project “Fabulous Lapland – the domain of Father Frost” was launched here. His tower was located on the banks of Chunozero.
How to get there? The entrance to the protected area is located at 1222 kilometers of the St. Petersburg - Murmansk highway or 371 kilometers of the Murmansk - St. Petersburg highway.
Nizhnesvirsky Reserve
The territory of this object, and specifically its wetlands, has received significant international status. The reserve is famous for its diversity and richness. There are 1,839 species of invertebrates, 348 species of vertebrates, and 1,885 species of vegetation.
The territory of the attraction together with its surroundings is considered as perfect place for bird watching. In general, the natural components of the reserve are nothing more than a living mechanism that exists according to wise laws nature.
How to get there? You can get to the city of Lodeynoye Pole from St. Petersburg or Moscow by train. Many people travel from St. Petersburg by intercity bus. You will have to travel 3 kilometers from the final stop to the central estate.
How to get there? As an option - by train to Serpukhov, and then by minibus or by bus to settlement Dunks.
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