International UN Day October 24th. History and traditions of the holiday
"Peacemakers" is a word in our cruel world, shaken every now and then natural disasters and wars is of great importance. And the entities that take upon themselves the responsibility to protect the disadvantaged victims of armed conflicts and natural Disasters, planet Earth needs it like air. Fortunately, such people exist. They are representatives of the world famous association - the United Nations. Every year, on October 24, the activities of the UN become the object of close attention of the world community. On this autumn day the world's population celebrates important date - .
Information about the holiday
United Nations Day has long history. This celebration is more than half a century old. 24 is the number of the average autumn month The UN General Assembly, within the framework of resolution No. 168, decided to consider the fall of 1947 as United Nations Day. Internationally English language the name of the holiday sounds like “ United Nations Day." Representatives of the association chose this date because on October 24 the UN celebrates the anniversary of the Charter. The main goals of education itself were the following: acquaintance of society with the tasks set by the United Nations; bringing to the attention of the inhabitants of the planet information about its achievements, and, finally, the need to enlist the support of the world community.
At that time, United Nations Day did not yet have global status. The UN leadership adopted the first document almost a year after the date of the holiday in question was announced. It was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Another 23 years passed, and I saw the light new resolution. It was in it that the need to make a socially significant holiday international was mentioned. In addition, the resolution contained a special recommendation addressed to UN member states. It concerned the celebration of United Nations Day - the latter should be celebrated by members of the association as a public holiday.
Today, the UN consists of almost two hundred world powers. All of them, in addition to everything else, are also members General Assembly UN. The holiday we are considering is celebrated during United Nations Week. This important seven-day period falls every time in the same way for the period from the 20th to the 26th of the second month of autumn. The celebration of UN Day is not complete without solemn thematic events. On October 24, conferences, discussions, seminars, and exhibitions are organized in honor of the association as a tribute to its important activities for the whole world. And on this day the General Assembly Hall becomes a platform for an international concert, attended by representatives from the member states of the union. This event has already become a kind of tradition. From time to time - not every year - as part of a specific holiday dedicated to the activities of the peacekeeping association, the organizers organize teleconferences. It looks like this: members of the association, armed with communication tools, establish contact with different parts of the planet and carry out conversations on the topic.
A little history
The United Nations is international union countries established for peacekeeping purposes. However, its activities are aimed not only at maintaining peace on the planet, but also at the progress of contacts between the states that are members of the association.
Recognizable on everything globe The name of the association appeared thanks to the resourcefulness of the American ruler Franklin Roosevelt. The name of the association was first mentioned in the 1942 Declaration. This cannot be called an accident: the Second World War, but despite the large-scale destructive activities Nazis, 26 UN members of their own free will took responsibility for continuing the collective struggle against the fascist bloc.
In the fall of 1943, they signed the Declaration in the Soviet capital. This document on by and large was a call from the heads of three world powers - the USSR, America and Britain - to build an association international level, whose activities could strengthen global security. A year later, at the Washington Conference, the structure, goals and functions of the association were outlined, the need for the formation of which was felt incredibly urgently. In the winter of 1945, the heads of world powers met again to consolidate the agreement reached within the framework of the Yalta Conference. The most recent (51st) member of the UN, which signed the Association Charter later than anyone else, was Poland.
UN Information
The Powers of the United Nations have henceforth pledged themselves to strictly observe the following rules:
- using only peaceful principles in resolving international conflicts;
- showing respect for the sovereignty of UN member countries;
- refusal to use force in contacts with other states;
- showing respect for the rights and freedoms of people without reference to their nationality, religion, gender and race;
- cooperation with the powers that are members of the UN, in various fields public life- cultural, political, humanitarian, economic, etc.;
- support for the principle of self-determination of peoples and human equality.
The United Nations is headed by general secretary UN. Trygve Lie was the first to take this post. He was a representative of Norway and fulfilled his obligations for 6 years, starting from 1946 and up to 1952 inclusive. Currently, the position of UN Secretary is occupied by Ban Ki-moon from the Republic of Korea.
Several specific institutions, which are essentially intergovernmental entities, operate under the constant supervision of the United Nations. Each of them has their own field of activity. Yes, he deals with health issues World organization health care (WHO), problems of culture, science and education are solved by UNESCO, labor issues are within the competence of the ILO (International Labor Organization), economic development is the responsibility of the International currency board(IMF), etc. The general association system also includes some autonomous entities. It's about First of all, about the IAEA and the WTO.
The predecessor of the UN is the League of Nations. The organization was founded in 1919 in accordance with Treaty of Versailles“to develop cooperation between peoples and to ensure peace and security for them.” The name "United Nations", proposed by US President Franklin Roosevelt, was first used in the Declaration of the United Nations on January 1, 1942.
An important step towards the creation of an international security organization was the signing in Washington on January 1, 1942 by representatives of the USSR, USA, Great Britain, China and 22 other states of the United Nations Declaration on Joint Efforts in the Fight against Aggressors. But more specifically on the “need for an institution to possibly short term universal international organization for the maintenance international peace and safety" was stated in the Declaration of the USA, Great Britain, Soviet Union and China, adopted on October 30, 1943 at the Moscow Conference of the Foreign Ministers of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
On May 30, 1944, US Secretary of State K. Hull, in accordance with the agreement reached in Moscow regarding the creation of an international security organization, informed the Ambassadors of the USSR and Great Britain A.A. Gromyko and E. Halifax that the United States was ready to begin developing the Charter of such an organization. From August 21 to September 28, 1944, meetings of representatives of the three powers took place at the conference to develop the Charter of the future UN, held in Washington. The Soviet delegation was headed by Ambassador to the USA A.A. Gromyko. Not all issues were agreed upon then.
Thus, the decision on the voting procedure in the Security Council, that is, the question of the unanimity of five permanent members on issues of maintaining peace and security, was achieved only at the Crimean (Yalta) conference of the Big Three, however, “nine-tenths of security issues were resolved at this conference in a spirit of complete unanimity.” The Crimea Conference also decided that the founding conference of the United Nations to create an international organization for the maintenance of peace and security would open on April 25, 1945 in San Francisco.
The work of the founding conference coincided with outstanding successes allied forces on the fronts and taking Soviet army Berlin, which meant the end of the war in Europe. The conference decided to establish an international organization called the United Nations, approve the UN Charter and the Statute of the International Court of Justice, as well as the Agreement on the Preparatory Commission, which was called upon to do the first organizational work on the formation of UN bodies. The UN Charter was signed on behalf of the USSR on June 26, 1945 by A. Gromyko, who became the first permanent representative USSR at the UN. The preamble to the Charter stated the determination of the peoples of the United Nations to “save succeeding generations from the scourge of war.”
The purposes of the UN, as enshrined in its Charter, are the maintenance of international peace and security, the prevention and elimination of threats to the peace and the suppression of acts of aggression, settlement or resolution by peaceful means international disputes, development of friendly relations between nations based on respect for the principle of equality and self-determination of peoples; implementation international cooperation in economic, social, cultural and humanitarian fields, promoting and developing respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, without distinction as to race, gender, language or religion. UN members have pledged to act in accordance with the following principles: sovereign equality of states; resolution of international disputes by peaceful means; renunciation in international relations of the threat or use of force against territorial integrity or political independence any state.
On October 24, 1945, the number of states that ratified the UN Charter reached 29. Thus, the necessary majority was obtained, and the UN Charter came into force. Since then, October 24 has been celebrated annually as United Nations Day. In just over 60 years, the UN has grown significantly and includes 191 states. Main organs of the UN: General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), international Court. The UN has a number of its own specialized institutions- international intergovernmental organizations on economic, social and humanitarian issues (UNESCO, WHO, FAO, IMF, ILO, UNIDO and others). IN common system The UN also includes autonomous organizations such as the World trade Organization(WTO) and International agency By atomic energy(IAEA).
After entering American troops into the territory of Iraq without sanctions from the UN Security Council, a crisis has emerged in the activities of the organization. Since the creation of the UN, it has never been reformed. Analysts believe that in order for it not to suffer the same fate as the League of Nations, the UN must be urgently reorganized. The UN is currently considering reforms, the most radical in all the years of its existence. Over the past time, the organization has proven that it can become a reliable instrument for maintaining peace and ensuring the security of peoples. Experts believe that currently the UN remains the only international body capable of uniting the widest range of states and organizations in the field of security and development. No regional organization can replace it.
United Nations, UN- an international organization created to maintain and strengthen international peace and security, develop cooperation between states. The foundations of its activities and structure were developed during the Second World War by the leading participants in the anti-Hitler coalition. The creation of the United Nations became possible as a result of the combined efforts of states in the fight against fascism during the Second World War.
The predecessor of the UN was the League of Nations created after the First World War, which, although it proclaimed its goals in accordance with the Treaty of Versailles “to develop cooperation between peoples and ensure peace and security,” but never became an effective instrument in their implementation and was unable to prevent the outbreak of the Second World War. world war. The name "United Nations" was proposed by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt and first used in the Declaration of the United Nations, signed on January 1, 1942.
The final text of the UN Charter was adopted at a conference in San Francisco, held from April to June 1945, and signed on June 26, 1945 by representatives of 50 states, and entered into force on October 24, 1945. The date of entry into force of the Charter is celebrated as United Nations Day. The anniversary of the entry into force of the Charter of the United Nations, 24 October 1945, has been celebrated as United Nations Day since 1948. It was on this day in 1945 that the Charter of the United Nations, one of the most influential organizations in the world, came into force. Traditionally, it is celebrated around the world by holding meetings, discussions and exhibitions dedicated to the achievements and goals of the Organization. In 1971, the General Assembly recommended that all member states observe it as a public holiday.
ANATOLY TORKUNOV - Chairman of the Russian Association for UN Assistance, Rector of MGIMO Russia.
To the 70th anniversary of the UN and International Day UN.
Today global community celebrates the 70th anniversary of the United Nations, which began to function as a result of the entry into force on October 24, 1945 of the founding act - the UN Charter, which for 70 years has served as the Constitution of the world order and the core of the modern international law. The UN Charter is the result of the efforts of the states of the anti-Hitler coalition aimed at saving future generations from the scourge of war, in order to prevent a repetition of such horrific historical events as the First and Second World Wars, which broke out in a twenty-year period of time and claimed more than 90 million lives. .
The main purpose of the creation of the UN, as stated in the Preamble of its Charter, is to unite the efforts of the member states of the Organization to maintain international peace and security. This goal achieved through the collective efforts of UN Member States through the adoption of principles and agreed methods so that armed forces are used only in the common interest. These common interests in conditions of oversaturation of the planet with nuclear and other types of weapons mass destruction, in an increasingly globalized world and the interconnectedness of states and peoples who are equally vulnerable to global threats and challenges, more than ever, require greater coordination and cooperation among UN member states, the number of which has grown from 51 to 193 over 70 years.
Awareness of new trends in world development, at the forefront of which, along with the main subjects of international law and international relations new, so-called non-state players are emerging, which requires responsible behavior of sovereign states, first of all, the leading powers of the world, which are entrusted with the main responsibility by the UN Charter in maintaining international peace, and is acquiring decisive importance in world politics. Under these conditions it is extremely important purchases installation art. 103 of the UN Charter, which states that the obligations of member states under the UN Charter take precedence over any other international agreements.
The lack of alternative to the UN as a universal forum for coordinating the actions of sovereign states in international relations cannot be disputed. It is in this context that one should measure the so-called “Yalta formula” for decision-making by the UN Security Council, agreed in February 1945 during the Crimean meeting of the “Big Three” - I. Stalin, W. Churchill and F. Roosevelt - and which was enshrined in Art. 27 of the UN Charter. The right of “veto” in the Security Council, that is, in the body vested with the power to act on behalf of all member states and determine when a violation falls under the scope of Sec. 7 of the UN Charter, serves as an incentive to difficult questions world politics can only be resolved through dialogue and coordination of actions.
Many people forget that the initiator of this formula was US President Franklin Roosevelt, whose busts are installed in the lobby of the Assembly Hall of the Peace Palace in The Hague and European center UN in Geneva, accompanied by an inscription about his decisive role in the creation of the UN. The UN managed to maintain its functionality in the conditions of " cold war" The UN also survives in the face of attempts to establish a unipolar world.
The strength of the UN lies in its system, based on the concept collective security, meeting all new threats and challenges to humanity. The UN can fully reveal its potential in a multipolar world and constant constructive dialogue between all centers of geopolitics. Of course, the UN requires changes in many aspects and areas, but any change must be consistent with its charter provisions. Dialogue on these aspects should serve to enhance its effectiveness in maintaining peace and international security, rather than revisions of key elements of the foundation of the international legal order. The deficit is observed not in the means and methods of lawful behavior in international relations, but in the political will of a number of UN member states to act in strict accordance with the UN Charter and modern international law in general. The task is to widely publicize the indispensable role and importance of the UN in maintaining and strengthening international security at the global level, which the UN tirelessly does. Russian Association assistance to the UN, which I lead.
70 years of experience gives every reason to be confident in the prospects of the UN in all areas of its activities. Let me congratulate you on significant holiday- the 70th anniversary of the UN, the 70th anniversary of the absence of global armed confrontation, to prevent which the United Nations was created and is functioning.
ALEXEY BORISOV - First Deputy Chairman of the Russian Association for the United Nations, Head of the UNESCO Department of MGIMO
70 years of the UN. With a strong UN, the world becomes a better place
The Russian Association for the United Nations is an international public organization created with the aim of “full assistance in achieving the goals and principles proclaimed by the UN Charter,” as well as active participation “in strengthening trust and friendship between states and peoples.” Possessing unique opportunities implementation of “public diplomacy” - the participation of the Russian civil society in international civil movement, - The UN Association successfully implements a number of programs and projects both at the domestic and international levels.
Since its creation in 1956, the Russian United Nations Association (UNRA) has declared the purpose of its activities to be support of the United Nations, and this, as defined in its Charter, is, first of all, the maintenance of peace and security, the development of friendly relations between nations based on respect for the principle of equality and self-government of peoples, implementation of international cooperation in resolving international problems of an economic, social, cultural and humanitarian nature, promotion and development of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for everyone without distinction of race, gender, language and religion.
UN RAS is building its daily activities, based on the firm conviction that reliable and universal adherence to the requirements of modern international law, which determines the main direction of international relations, is one of most important tasks modern world politics. After all, no matter how different the views of states on the world order - present and future - it is quite obvious that any structure of international relations can be strong only if it is based on the appropriate international legal framework. The main backbone of international law is the UN Charter, and the United Nations itself is the stronghold of law and order in the world.
The Association actively operates commissions on international law to implement its goals sustainable development, on health, on human rights, on ecology and sustainable development, legal issues, conservation cultural values and by national issues, youth commission. And each has an important field of activity, each employing top-level specialists.
The multiple increase in complexity and expansion of the range of issues that are the subject of international relations, the turning point of the current stage of world development, place special demands on people who are at the forefront of work to determine the contours of a new international system. The ability of a particular state to strengthen its position and secure its rightful place in the world largely depends on the level of their training, on their ability to competently navigate information flows and correctly and promptly assess the changing situation.
Today it is difficult to overestimate the importance of a sober, informed analysis of trends in the global situation, the ability to see several moves ahead, and generate fresh ideas. Russian Association for United Nations Assistance in currently includes more than forty collective members(and it was founded by representatives of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow State University, MGIMO, research institutes, universities), including institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences, various educational establishments and a number of non-governmental public associations. It concentrates strong scientific and personnel potential.
Many prominent people were involved in the activities of the Association public figures and scientists: A. M. Pankratova, S. M. Romanovsky, F. V. Konstantinov, V. A. Kirillin, G. I. Morozov, G. A. Arbatov, D. M. Gvishiani, V. V. Zhurkin, I. D. Ivanov, V. P. Lukin, V. F. Petrovsky, E. M. Primakov, A. O. Chubaryan, A. N. Yakovlev, O. A. Troyanovsky, Yu. M. Vorontsov and many others.
Today the association is headed by Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rector of MGIMO University A.V. Torkunov. Of course, among the members of the Association there are also many experts from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, many veterans of this respected department are actively involved in the programs of the UN RAS.
Joint meetings of experts from the Association and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs are held, the so-called “ round tables", which discusses topical international problems. This is not in last resort, influenced the assignment of UN RAS in 1998, one of the few public organizations in the world, the highest consultative status with the Economic and Social Council UN (so-called General Status). This gives representatives of the Association the right to attend all UN meetings, distribute documents, and make proposals for resolutions. That is, it provides a tool for real influence on the formation of international policy priorities.
Russia enjoys authority and respect in the UN, puts forward initiatives for the development of international law, and participates in numerous multilateral cooperation mechanisms that strengthen the fabric of network diplomacy in the context of the formation of a more just and democratic polycentric world order. The Russian UN Association seeks to complement the state's efforts with public initiatives.
The Association brought the idea of holding UN Youth Models to Russia.
During these events, Russian and foreign students are given the opportunity to take part in the work of simulated main bodies of the UN - the Security Council, the General Assembly, etc. The main Russian model is, which is held annually in April within the walls of MGIMO (U) of the Russian Foreign Ministry. During the simulations, more than tens of thousands took part in them. Russian students and schoolchildren.
In a polycentric world, effective international architecture can only be created if it is based on regional building blocks. Strengthening regional level global governance, growing influence regional organizations- an essential sign modern stage development of international relations. The inclusion of Russian regions in this process is an integral part of modern international architecture.
The Association assists Russian regions in implementing regional initiatives on a global scale. Russian United Nations Association with the support of the Minister of Foreign Affairs Russian Federation S.V. Lavrova prepares the annual report “Regions of Russia and Sustainable Development Goals”. The educational and publishing activity UN RAS.
Published by the Association as popular books about the activities of the UN, as well as unique collections of documents. One of such interesting publications is the “Collection of introductions by the heads of delegations of the USSR / Russian Federation at the sessions of the UN General Assembly” prepared by the UN RAS with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia and MGIMO.
October 24 is celebrated as International UN Day. This organization is the main player in international arena and solves serious political objectives, trying to be guided by the law and norms of international law, and not by the personal ambitions of UN members. However, this world order was not always the case. There were moments when the world stood on the brink of an abyss and one wrong step could lead to irreparable and irreversible losses. That is why October 24, UN Day is a public holiday for many countries.
The world on the eve of World War II
The then existing League of Nations was the predecessor of the UN. The action of the structure created after the end of the First World War was aimed at general disarmament and demilitarization. However, the League of Nations could not pass the test in the face of the aggression of the Axis countries (Germany, Italy, Japan), which in the thirties began active military operations against their neighbors, hiding behind political slogans about the infringement of the rights of some peoples by others.
And then the moment came when it became clear that the League of Nations had failed to fulfill its tasks. In 1941, all of Europe was occupied by Germany, active military operations were carried out in the East, Africa, the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Most of The European territory of the Soviet Union lay in ruins, and German troops were approaching the capital of the Soviets - Moscow. It's a dark day for the world. The UN (we were talking only about an idea, not an organization) was simply necessary.
History of the creation of the UN
In February 1942, the main members signed the Declaration of the United Nations, in which they pledged to fight to the bitter end against the Axis powers (Germany, Italy, Japan). After this, and also thanks to the incredible efforts of the Red Army soldiers, the course of the war changed. The world united against common enemy. Bloody, obtained at incredible cost human casualties victories came one after another.
In 1945, after the surrender of Germany, in American city Representatives of 50 countries gathered in San Francisco for the first United Nations Conference. Its purpose was to create and establish a charter new Organization United Nations. The main contributions to this work were made by representatives of the USA, USSR, China and Great Britain. The charter was ready and signed by all representatives on June 26, 1945. However, the holiday is celebrated on October 24th. International UN Day is celebrated on this day because it was on October 24, 1945 that this Charter was ratified by the governments of the USSR, Great Britain, France, the USA, China and many other countries.
Main tasks of the UN
The world is tired of wars. The First and Second World Wars claimed approximately 100 million lives. Entire generations of talented and gifted people were destroyed. The world must not make mistakes like this again. Naturally, the main task of the UN is to maintain the current world order, resolve external conflicts between states through diplomatic negotiations, ensure the supremacy of law and legality over lawlessness and brutality. physical strength. In conditions of total nuclear weapons These tasks are vital for maintaining life on earth.
Over the past 70 years, about 150 states have joined the UN. Everyone understands that only together can we save the world from new destructive wars. This is why UN Day is celebrated in many countries.
UN structure
The tasks set for the organization are global. Mechanisms and tools for influencing international politics were created throughout the 70 years of the organization’s existence. Therefore, today the UN in its structure resembles a very complex, but well-coordinated mechanism. There are four main groups of institutions included in the structure of the organization:
- main group - consists of six organs;
- auxiliary group - organizations not included in main group, which were created to improve coordination among the bodies of the main group;
- autonomous international bodies, one way or another cooperating with the UN;
- specialized institutions and organizations created for in-depth analysis and solution of certain problems.
The main group consists of:
- General Assembly;
- Security Council;
- Guardianship Council;
- Secretariat;
- Economic and Social Council.
UN International Day
This holiday has been celebrated for a long time, since 1948. is a symbol that peace on earth will be preserved, and reason and law will prevail over global weapons and a desire for destructive wars. Therefore, since 1971, UN Day has been celebrated in many countries as a public holiday.
In the countries of the former Soviet Union, this day is not a public holiday, although they accounted for the main human losses in both world wars. But it was the USSR and the countries that subsequently left it that made a huge contribution to the development of the structure and expansion of the influence of the UN.
Celebrating UN Day in different countries
In some countries, UN Day is combined with other holidays, which are celebrated on an equally grand scale. For example, in the Scandinavian countries (Finland, Denmark, Sweden) Flag Day is celebrated. In many UN member countries, on this day top officials of states address the world community. For example, in the United States of America, on this day the text of the address of their president is published annually.
The top officials of the United Nations also do not stay away from the holiday. Every year on October 24, UN Day is marked by the appeal
This address describes the main tasks and wishes of the entire world community to jointly solve the problems set before humanity.
The main modern challenges to humanity and the role of the United Nations in solving them
The world community faces a large number of tasks that cannot be solved without consolidating efforts. The problem of hunger, water shortages, a large number of displaced people due to local conflicts, alternative energy issues, depletion problems natural resources planet, human rights issues in individual countries- all this is far from a complete list of problems for the solution of which such international organizations, like the UN. These problems are not limited to today.
The UN is the organization that will not give interests individual states crush the interests of all humanity. After all, you cannot live only for today, but you need to think about the future generation and leave them not a land burned by numerous wars with many problems, but a prosperous and civilized world.