International organizations and bodies. International organizations and bodies Which control lists can be referred to when implementing export controls
Effective partnership with civil society
Civil society and the private sector can make valuable contributions to the implementation of resolution 1540 (2004). UNODA actively encourages partnerships with representatives of civil society, the private sector and industry to support national and international efforts to implement the objectives of the resolution. In 2012, UNODA, in cooperation with Germany, organized the first Conference of International, Regional and Subregional Industrial Associations under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004), which was attended by industry associations and private companies from the nuclear, chemical, biological, financial, transport and and aerospace industries.
In January 2013, UNODA, in cooperation with Austria, convened the first Civil Society Forum on resolution 1540 (2004). The Forum brought together 45 civil society organizations, reflecting a broad geographic range of participants and including representatives from Asia, the Middle East, Eastern and Western Europe, the Americas, and North and Southern Africa.
Trust Fund for Global and Regional Disarmament Activities
In resolution 1977 (2011), the Council encouraged States that are in a position to provide the Office for Disarmament Affairs with resources to assist States in implementing their obligations under resolution 1540 (2004) to do so.
The Trust Fund for Global and Regional Disarmament Activities is administered by UNODA. To support UNODA's 1540-related activities, the Trust Fund receives matching voluntary contributions from Andorra, Kazakhstan, New Zealand, Norway, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United States of America, as well as the European Union and the Carnegie Corporation.
Continued effective support to UNODA for the implementation of resolution 1540 (2004) is only possible through the generous voluntary contributions called for by the Security Council. Member States may take the opportunity to provide voluntary financial contributions to the Trust Fund as an incentive to implement the provisions of resolution 1540 (2004).
reaffirming in this regard, the presidential statement adopted by the Council at the level of Heads of State and Government on 31 January 1992 (S/23500), including the need for all Member States to comply with their obligations in the field of arms control and disarmament, and on preventing the proliferation in all its aspects of all types of weapons of mass destruction, decides to establish, in accordance with rule 28 of its provisional rules of procedure, for a period of not more than two years, a Security Council committee composed of all members of the Council, which will involve other experts as necessary , to submit to the Security Council for its consideration a report on the implementation of this resolution and, for this purpose, calls upon States to submit, no later than six months from the date of adoption of this resolution, to the Committee a first report on the steps they have taken or propose to take to implement this resolution;5. Decides that no obligations under this resolution shall be interpreted as inconsistent with or altering the rights and obligations of States parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, or altering the scope of responsibility of the International atomic energy or the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons;
6. Recognizes the practical importance of effective national control lists for the implementation of this resolution and encourages all Member States, where necessary, to strive to develop such lists as quickly as possible;
7. Recognizes that some States may require assistance in implementing the provisions of this resolution on their territory, and invites States in a position to do so to provide appropriate assistance in response to specific requests from States that lack legal and regulatory infrastructure, expertise and/or resources to implement the above provisions;
8. Calls on all states:
A) promote the universal acceptance, full implementation and, if necessary, strengthening of multilateral treaties to which they are parties aimed at preventing the proliferation of nuclear, biological or chemical weapons;
B) adopt rules and regulations at the national level, where not already done, to ensure compliance with obligations under key multilateral nonproliferation treaties;
C) reaffirm and put into practice its commitment to multilateral cooperation, in particular within the framework of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, as important means of promoting and achieving their common goals in the field of non-proliferation and promoting international cooperation for peaceful purposes;
D) develop appropriate methods of working with industry and the public and informing them of the obligations arising from such laws;
9. Calls upon all States to promote dialogue and cooperation in the field of non-proliferation in order to counter the threat of the proliferation of nuclear, chemical or biological weapons and their means of delivery;
10. Further calls upon all States, in order to counter this threat, in accordance with their national regulatory systems and legislation and in accordance with international law, to take joint action to prevent illicit trafficking in nuclear, chemical or biological weapons, their means of delivery and related materials;
11. Expresses its intention to closely monitor the implementation of this resolution and to take at the appropriate level any further decisions that may be required for this purpose;
12. Decides to remain seized of this matter.
__________
*Definitions for the purposes of this resolution only:
Delivery means:missiles and other unmanned systems capable of delivering nuclear, chemical or biological weapons that are specifically designed for such use.
Non-state actor:an individual or organization not legally authorized by any government to carry out activities covered by this resolution.
Materials related to nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and their means of delivery: materials, equipment and technologies covered by relevant multilateral treaties and arrangements or included in national control lists that may be used for the design, development, production or use of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and their means of delivery.
(reference)
16-01-2014
UN Security Council Resolution 1540 of April 28, 2004 (adopted with Russian co-authorship) is a legally binding decision of the Security Council on non-proliferation. The main goal of the resolution is to create effective barriers at the national level to prevent weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery from falling into the hands of non-state actors, especially terrorists. The resolution contains a list of comprehensive measures that must be implemented by all UN states to strengthen the national legislative framework and law enforcement practice in order to effectively counter the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery.
The resolution also promotes coordination of non-proliferation efforts at the regional and international levels, including the provision of assistance to states in need from those countries that have the appropriate capabilities. The document states that the implementation of these measures should not interfere with scientific and technical cooperation for peaceful purposes.
To implement the resolution, a subsidiary body of the UN Security Council was created - the 1540 Committee. It includes members of the UN Security Council (as of January 1, 2014: Australia, Azerbaijan, Argentina, Great Britain, Guatemala, China, Luxembourg, Morocco, Pakistan, Republic of Korea, Russia, Rwanda, USA, Togo, France). Decisions in the Committee are made on the basis of consensus or submitted for separate consideration by the Security Council. The Chairman of the Committee since September 2013 is the Permanent Representative of the Republic of Korea to the UN, Oh Jung.
Supplementary UNSCR 1810 (2008) encourages States to voluntarily prepare and submit to the Committee action plans outlining their priorities for the implementation of Resolution 1540, and to inform the Committee of areas in which they can assist other States.
UNSC Technical Resolution 1977 (2011) extended the mandate of the 1540 Committee for 10 years, providing for periodic reviews of its work, as well as the preparation of annual reports. A Group of Experts and a Coordinating Post were also established. The principles of the experts' work are enshrined in recommendations to the Security Council (approved by the 1540 Committee in January 2012). There is also a Russian representative on the Group of Experts.
It is planned to prepare national reports on the implementation of resolution 1540, as well as provide additional information. As of January 1, 2014, initial national reports on the implementation of the resolution were sent by 171 states (in the group of “debtors” there are 22 countries, mostly African).
The 1540 Committee prepares summary reports analyzing the implementation of the provisions of the resolution. Three such reports were prepared - in 2006, 2008 and 2011, documenting both significant progress in the implementation of the resolution at the national level and remaining bottlenecks. In addition to the scale of the tasks set and the lack of resources, experience and knowledge in many countries in this area, there is an insufficient understanding of the importance of implementing the resolution by those states that do not have WMD materials and the capacity to produce them. A number of developing countries remain concerned that this UN Security Council decision could be used to limit their access to advanced technologies.
The topic of resolution 1540 is becoming increasingly prominent in various formats (OSCE, EU, ASEAN, G8, etc.). Various ideas are being put forward aimed at increasing the practical contribution of a particular structure to the process of implementing the resolution.
On September 27, 2013, the UN Security Council unanimously adopted resolution 2118 on chemical weapons in Syria. The document emphasizes, among other things, the need to ensure unconditional implementation of resolution 1540 and thoroughly investigate all cases of its violation, including facts of assistance to non-state actors in gaining access to weapons of mass destruction.
In line with Russian efforts to implement Resolution 1540, a number of events took place in 2013: a seminar on Resolution 1540 for the CIS countries (Minsk, January), the XII meeting of heads of law enforcement agencies and intelligence agencies on countering terrorism with the participation of the Chairman of the 1540 Committee (Kazan, June), seminar on resolution 1540 (Kyiv, November). The issue of the resolution was discussed at the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly (St. Petersburg, November 2013).
Issues Department
security and disarmament
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia
On April 28, 2004, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted a resolution confirming that the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, as well as their means of delivery, poses a threat to international peace and security. In accordance with the resolution, all states are obliged, in particular, to refrain from providing any form of support to non-state actors who attempt to develop, acquire, produce, possess, transport, transfer or use nuclear, chemical or biological weapons and their means of delivery.
Resolution 1540 (2004) imposes obligations on all States to enact legislation to prevent the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and their means of delivery and provides for the establishment of adequate national controls over related materials to prevent their illicit trafficking. It also calls for increased international cooperation in such efforts. The resolution declares support for multilateral treaties aimed at eliminating or preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and reaffirms the importance of all states implementing these treaties fully; it reaffirms that no obligations under resolution 1540 (2004) should be interpreted as contradicting or altering the rights and obligations of States Parties, and, or altering the scope of responsibility of the OPCW.
On 27 April 2006, the Security Council extended the mandate of the 1540 Committee for a two-year period, which reaffirmed the objectives of resolution 1540 (2004) and stated that the Security Council was interested in enhancing the Committee's efforts to promote the full implementation of that resolution.
On April 25, 2008, the Security Council passed a resolution extending the mandate of the 1540 Committee for a three-year period, with continued expert support, until April 25, 2011. In resolution 1810 (2008), the Security Council urged the 1540 Committee to continue to strengthen its role in facilitating the provision of technical assistance, including through active participation in the selection of proposals and requests for assistance, thereby increasing the effectiveness and accessibility of such assistance. The Security Council also requested the 1540 Committee to consider a comprehensive review of the implementation of resolution 1540 (2004). As part of this comprehensive review, the 1540 Committee decided to hold an open meeting with a wide range of participants from and relevant international organizations. The public meeting took place at United Nations Headquarters from 30 September to 2 October 2009, and its final document was published on the 1540 Committee website.
On April 20, 2011, the Security Council adopted a document reaffirming that the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, as well as their means of delivery, poses a threat to international peace and security, and extended the mandate of the 1540 Committee for 10 years until 2021. The Security Council has thus recognized that the full implementation of resolution 1540 (2004) by all States is a long-term goal that will require sustained efforts at the national, regional and international levels. Resolution 1977 (2011) also provides for two comprehensive reviews, one after five years and one before the mandate is renewed. In addition, the 1540 Committee, in accordance with resolution 1977 (2011), should continue to strengthen its role in facilitating the provision of technical assistance and intensify cooperation with relevant international organizations. The Committee must also continue to improve its outreach efforts and continue to take transparency measures. On June 29, 2012, the Security Council adopted a document that expanded the Panel of Experts in Support of the Work of the 1540 Committee to nine (9) experts.
On 15 December 2016, following the presentation of the report on the comprehensive review carried out in 2016 to the Security Council, it was unanimously adopted resolution. This resolution reaffirmed the responsibilities set forth in Resolution. The resolution, inter alia, called on all States to intensify their efforts to achieve full implementation of the resolution, paying particular attention, when and where appropriate, to areas where action is needed and to improve its effectiveness.
The next comprehensive review is due by April 25, 2021, when the 1540 Committee's mandate expires.
The activities of various international organizations and bodies (UN, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Interpol, international criminal justice bodies, etc.) play a significant role in the process of combating crime. The main sources of their functioning are the constituent documents (for example, the Interpol Charter, the Rome Statute of the ICC).
United Nations
Within the UN, the main issues of cooperation between states in the fight against crime are considered at sessions of the UN General Assembly, in addition, this topic is also dealt with UN Security Council And UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). It should be noted that the fight against crime is primarily the task of the competent authorities of sovereign states, while the UN acts as a kind of coordinator of the activities of states on a global scale, i.e. at the international level, facilitating their cooperation for greater effectiveness.
In 1992, ECOSOC was created as a subsidiary functional body Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice , replacing the Committee on Crime Prevention and Control, which had been in force since 1950. The Commission promotes the implementation of the UN Program on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1991.
The Commission coordinates and promotes cooperation between states in combating such types of crimes as money laundering, kidnapping and trafficking in persons, corruption; explores emerging trends in transnational organized crime.
Since 1992, the Commission has held sessions once a year in Vienna. At the 20th session, which took place in April 2011, its participants discussed the scope of the problems of the unlawful use of new technologies for the abuse and exploitation of children, reviewed the situation with the implementation of international instruments on the prevention of terrorism, and exchanged experience in eliminating the threats posed by transnational organized crime, corruption and illegal arms trafficking.
The Commission's tasks also include determining the range of issues that should be brought up for discussion by states within the framework of the UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, convened every five years. At the XII Congress, held on April 12-19, 2010 in Brazil, the draft Salvador Declaration was adopted, reflecting the main modern approaches of states to combating crime.
Plays an important role in combating crime UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), which assists Member States in addressing the threats posed by transnational organized crime, corruption and terrorism, as well as preventing crime and strengthening criminal justice.
Through its drug programs, UNODC provides leadership for all UN drug control activities. It helps prevent events that could worsen the problem of drug production, smuggling and addiction; assists governments in establishing drug control structures and strategies; provides technical assistance in drug control; promotes the implementation of treaties in this area and functions as a global center of expertise and data repository. UNODC includes the United Nations International Drug Control Program (UNDCP) and the Center for International Crime Prevention (CICP).
Currently, as already noted, UNODC implements: the Global Anti-Corruption Programme, the UN Global Initiative to Combat Trafficking in Persons, the Global Program against Terrorism, the Global Program against Money Laundering, and the Global Study on Organized Crime.
The Office works closely with the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI).
A significant contribution to the fight against terrorism is made by the structural bodies created under UN Security Council.
Al-Qaeda and Taliban Sanctions Committee was established by the Security Council on October 15, 1999 to oversee the implementation of sanctions against Taliban-controlled Afghanistan due to its support for Osama bin Laden.
Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC) was established by UN Security Council Resolution 1373 (2001), adopted unanimously on September 28, 2001, immediately after the September 11 terrorist attacks in the United States.
The Committee, which included all 15 members of the UN Security Council, was tasked with monitoring the implementation of resolution 1373 (2001), which calls on countries to implement a number of measures aimed at strengthening their legal and institutional capabilities in the fight against terrorism at home at home, in their regions and around the world.
Committee 1540 (but to control the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction) is a subsidiary body of the UN Security Council, consisting of 15 member states currently comprising the Security Council. The mandate and terms of reference of the Committee arise from resolution 1540 (2004) and subsequent resolutions 1673 (2006) and 1810 (2008) and the work programs submitted to the President of the UN Security Council by the Chair of the 1540 Committee.
Working group Established pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1566 (2004) to consider and make recommendations to the Council regarding practical measures to be applied to individuals, groups or organizations engaged in or associated with terrorist activities other than those specified by the Sanctions Committee regarding al-Qaeda and the Taliban.
In addition to specialized UN international organizations on issues of combating crime and criminal justice, IMO, ICAO, IAEA, ILO, and UNESCO contribute to ensuring interstate cooperation in the field of combating crime. For example, the IMO has accepted most of the recommendations in the areas of combating drug trafficking at sea, preventing the use of ships for smuggling and the unjustified detention or confiscation of ships. Within the framework of the IMO, in 1997, guidelines were developed to prevent and suppress the smuggling of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors on ships involved in international maritime transport. ICAO prepared the Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Detection, which was adopted in 1991 and signed by 79 States. In addition to ICAO, other specialized UN agencies, as well as many intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, are involved in the fight against international crime.