Medvedev allowed Russians to carry weapons for self-defense. Smoothbore hunting weapons: tips for choosing
It's no secret that the situation with weapons for self-defense in our country is, to put it mildly, bad. However, get permission and buy smoothbore weapon- good semi-automatic or pump action shotgun- quite real. Of course, you will have to get certificates of health, no criminal record, take courses on how to use it, buy a safe, register everything, spend a lot of time, but, seriously, . But then the fun begins. Because most new firearms owners have an extremely vague idea of its real effectiveness. AND huge amount misconceptions about this.
1. Having a shotgun guarantees safety.
You know what you have smoothbore weapon, your relatives know it, the state knows it. But the criminal is not. He'll just break into your place in the middle of the night and if you don't have time to quickly open the safe and bring your " semi-automatic" or pump action shotgun in combat readiness, then consider that you don’t have it. Seriously, just having a gun is nothing without training in how to use it. extreme situations. And there are few places where you can learn this. Fortunately, in lately There are more and more courses where this aspect of the use of firearms is really paid attention to.
2. At short range it is not necessary to aim the gun
Yeah, the shotgun hits a wide sector in front of it. An undeniable truth, proven by numerous films and computer games. In practice, the shot spread is not as wide as you would like. So even at a self-defense distance (up to 5 meters) you will have to aim. And in extreme situations, when your hands are shaking out of habit, it’s easy to miss. Again, extreme training will help.
3. There is a huge difference between the cartridges used
Honestly, no. - this is a distance of a maximum of 5 meters. And at this distance it makes no difference what you have in the cartridge - shot, buckshot or bullet. The stopping power is approximately the same, and so is the accuracy. Problems can only arise if your opponent is equipped with body armor of class 3 or higher. But tell me straight, have you often seen bandits who break into a house, being equipped like special forces soldiers? And if these are really special forces soldiers, then you have big problems.
4. You can’t do without a bandoleer or bandolier
You shoot, reload, shoot again, reload again. Hmm... A full-fledged siege of the apartment. How often does this happen in real life? As a rule, most criminals, having received an armed rebuff, frantically eat so as not to scratch their own skin. And even more bad guys will fall down as soon as they see you in your hands pump action shotgun. Because sacrificing yourself just to get to the goal... Either you really annoyed them, or it’s you they need to get at any cost. In this case, yes, you can’t do without spare cartridges, body armor and spare weapons “a la the 90s.” But to the ordinary law-abiding owner smoothbore weapons This is not necessary for self-defense.
5. Shooting a shotgun is very easy
It’s generally easy to shoot, but it’s much more difficult to get where you want. And smoothbore guns, and especially - pump-action shotguns, this also applies. Without training, unfortunately, it is useless to count on success. So . No weapon is worth anything unless you have the skill to use it in a truly extreme situation.
Greetings!
And again, a new entry in the weapons blog on UV. As promised, this post will be dedicated to the new caliber .366TKM and what is created on its basis.
To begin with, a little standard:
Civilian weapons are divided into:
3) hunting weapon:
long-barreled smoothbore firearm, including those with a threaded part length of no more than 140 mm;
Reasons for appearance
Long-barreled rifled weapons in Russia can be purchased after 5 years of “smooth” hunting experience. The question of whether this is archaism is increasingly being discussed. But so far no one has canceled these 5 years, and many people want rifled food. Or “almost sliced.” It is on these 140 mm, which the law “for smooth” allows, that the family of weapons under this caliber. Previously, this 140 mm was used for paradox-type attachments and barrels, but in 2015 the .366TKM caliber and a family of weapons for it appeared. TKM means the manufacturer - JSC " T ex To Rome"+factory M olot. That's how it happened - TCM. .366 means inches. Initially, they developed caliber 366, but due to problems with ballistics, the barrel diameter was increased to 9.5 mm, and the bullets were increased to 9.58 mm. Thus, the caliber in reality became .377, but they did not change the name. And it appeared on the market of civilian smooth-bore weapons with caliber 366TKM (9.5x38 mm).
The cartridge itself is based on a “bloated” cartridge case from the 7.62x39 cartridge, mod. 1943.
line of cartridges.366TKM
Weapon
The first to appear on the market was VPO-208, a smooth-bore SKS. The Molot plant took SKS-s from the warehouses of the Ministry of Defense, replaced the barrel, carried out some other procedures (including cosmetic ones) and the weapon went on sale under the symbol VPO-208.
VPO-208 s optical sight and a new lodge, cal. .366TKM. Previously it was SKS
Further, on the basis of the Kalashnikov AKM assault rifle, the VPO-209 appeared according to a completely similar production scheme. Then weapons appeared, created from scratch. The Molot plant produced the Vepr-Pioneer for this caliber, announced a rifle with bolt reloading, as well as a Vintorez for the same cartridge. The Kalashnikov concern, realizing that it was missing out on a huge piece of the civilian market in Russia, announced Saiga-366.
VPO-206 in tuning, cal. .366TKM
Later, the same types of weapons appeared under the same caliber, but with a Lancaster-type drill. This is when there are only 2 grooves in the trunk and their edges gradually turn into fields. Due to this, from the side the muzzle appears not round, but oval.
AKS-366 "Lancaster", cal. .366TKM
Since smooth-bore weapons have VERY good accuracy and “accuracy”, then this weapon install optical and other sights. It is also suitable for a lot of tuning, which is usually installed on SKS and AK platforms.
The price of weapons starts from 29,000 rubles (for VPO-208 “SKS”) and reaches 35-40,000 rubles. The price of the cartridge is from 25 rubles.
VPO-212 “Vepr-Pioneer, cal. .366TKM
Cartridge and their types
JSC "TEKHKRIM" produces a large number of cartridges of this caliber. Several types of bullets and even “for the legal presence of hunters in the lands with paper on the bird” are released by a shotgun cartridge. On shotgun cartridge the automation does not work, but no one demands this from him.
Also, due to the fact that this weapon is smooth-bore, self-loading of cartridges for it is allowed. “Reload”, 366, is complex in terms of hardware, but progress does not stand still and in 2017, if you wish, it is easy to buy everything you need to equip cartridges of this new caliber.
Shooting target.366 at 100 meters
Advantages
The main advantage of the .366 TKM caliber is its “almost rifled” nature. In principle, at 100 m it shows accuracy comparable to SKS and AKM. That is, for those who don’t want to wait 5 years before being rifled, this is great choice, albeit not the cheapest. As some owners joke rifled weapons about this caliber: “when there is no housekeeper, a coachman will do.”
Saiga 366, cal. .366TKM
Flaws
There are two disadvantages - the price of the shot and the unstable quality of the factory cartridge. Both shortcomings can be solved by loading cartridges yourself, or checking purchased ones before shooting to see if they put gunpowder in it at the factory or forgot it.
cartridges.366TKM
Overall rating
The appearance of this caliber on the market almost “killed” the Saiga-410 line of weapons. The reasons are simple:
a) reliability (which the 410 had VERY problems with);
b) “combat look”. In this caliber there is ex-AKM, there is ex-SKS, which is for connoisseurs historical weapons nicer than the “new-made” Saiga-410;
c) the best “accuracy” of shooting in the entire smoothbore market of the country;
d) with a high-quality cartridge, this caliber will completely allow you to survive 5 “smooth” years waiting for a rifled weapon, shooting from a “post-rifled” one;
e) this is only a bullet weapon. A shot from it is so ridiculous that it should not be taken seriously.
But we must always remember that these are the consequences of our imperfect legislator, who forces people to wait 5 years before buying a weapon with a rifled barrel. In any country where there is no such restriction, the author of the cartridge would have a sarcastically twisted finger at his temple. And here, carbines under .366TKM are selling out like hot cakes.
VPO-208, cal. .366TKM
By the way, the Molot plant announced a new cartridge, more powerful and also smooth-bore. For caliber 9.6x53 (based on the Mosin cartridge case 7.62x54). Here is a review video from a factory representative.
The same weapon systems can be used both in hunting and in sports shooting, however, hunting and sports weapons differ in their implementation in specific models according to the task for which they were created.
I. According to the method of control and holding:
Pistols;
Rifles;
Guns.
II. By degree of automation:
Non-automatic (single-shot and magazine);
Self-loading (semi-automatic);
Automatic.
III. By number of trunks:
Single-barreled;
Double-barreled.
IV. According to the barrel design:
Smoothbore;
Rifled.
V. According to the source of energy for throwing damaging element(projectile):
Firearms;
Pneumatic.
VI. By caliber
Smoothbore and rifled weapons come in small, medium and large calibers. The classification gives a more correct idea of modern sporting and hunting weapons.
Smoothbore weapons:
large-caliber - 4, 8, 10, 12;
medium-caliber - 16, 20, 24;
small-caliber - 28, 32, 410.
Currently smoothbore guns:
The 4th and 8th calibers are not mass-produced anywhere;
10 gauge is produced in not large quantities only in some countries (mainly the USA);
Of the large-caliber guns around the world, 12-gauge smooth-bore weapons now predominate;
Among medium-caliber smooth-bore weapons, the 20-caliber dominates, displacing 16-caliber guns on the world markets, which continue to be produced mainly in Austria, Germany, Russia and the Czech Republic;
24 caliber is produced in small quantities.
Small-caliber shotguns are mass-produced in many countries: in Russia - 28 and 32 calibers, in the USA - 28 and 410.
Rifled weapons:
small calibers - from 4 to 6 mm;
medium calibers - from 6.5 to 8 mm;
large calibers - 9 mm and above.
Among small calibers, the most widely used weapons in the world are 5.6 mm weapons chambered for rimfire and center fire cartridges (5.6x39; 5.6x50, etc.). In medium calibers, guns of 6.5 calibers are more numerous; 7.62; 8 mm for a wide variety of cartridges.
Among large caliber rifled weapons:
guns of 9 mm caliber (9.3 mm rifling) predominate for a wide variety of cartridges (9x53; 9.3x64; 9.3x74, etc.);
V smaller quantity produce weapons of 9.53 caliber; 10.75; 11.43 mm and others.
Classification of sporting and hunting firearms
Modern guns are classified by type (purpose), class (manufacture quality), by system (device) and by the main, most characteristic features.
I. Classification of weapons by purpose.
Sporting and hunting weapons divided into two types:
sports weapons;
hunting weapon.
From a point of view, the systems of sporting and hunting weapons are the same. From the point of view of implementation in specific models, they differ greatly from each other.
Sporting shotguns are more highly specialized than hunting shotguns.
Thus, guns for a trench stand have:
increased weight;
strong choke constrictions (chokes) in both barrels;
caliber - only 12th.
Rifled sporting weapons have orthopedic handles and special stocks, and are also heavy, which makes them completely unsuitable for use in hunting.
Hunting rifles are more versatile than sporting rifles:
weight acceptable for hunting conditions;
various choke constrictions in the barrels;
calibers - any, from 10 to 410.
A rifled hunting weapon is almost twice as light as a sporting weapon.
Hunting weapons are divided into:
actually hunting;
commercial
There is no strict division between them; commercial weapons can be used for amateur hunting, and hunting weapons can be used for commercial purposes.
Some differences between hunting and fishing rifles themselves:
It is desirable that a hunting weapon be lighter than a hunting weapon of the same system and the same caliber. Since fishing guns are more often in use, and in heavy, and even extreme conditions, they wear out faster and have to be replaced more often than hunting ones. Therefore, a hunting rifle, as a rule, should be cheaper than a hunting rifle of the same system. In order not to raise the price of fishing weapons, they are made without any decorations.
Fishing guns must be trouble-free in any conditions, so they are made from the most durable materials. The mechanism of such weapons is made as simple as possible, easy to disassemble, so that field conditions Any part could be replaced.
Typical hunting weapons are:
double-barreled shotguns IZH-27, TOZ-34 and self-loading shotgun MTs21;
Typical commercial ones are the IZH-17 hammer-operated single-barreled rifle and the IZH-18 hammerless rifle, and the Tula small-caliber carbines TOZ-16 and TOZ-17.
At one time, the combined gun IZH-56-3 “Belka” was widespread. Tula hammer-fired double-barreled shotguns BM, TOZ-63, TOZ-66, and Izhevsk double-barreled hammerless IZH-58 are widely used in both amateur and commercial hunting.
Target installations "T-Media" | ||||
Target module "Prism" | Target module "Biathlon" | |||
II. According to the class of manufacture, hunting weapons are divided into two main groups.
First - guns self made, piece, usually high class. They are made in small quantity(units, dozens per year), and they are very expensive. The second is machine-made guns, mass-produced.
Serial weapons, in turn, are divided into guns:
"Lux" class;
medium dignity;
ordinary production.
“Lux” guns are also called souvenir, gift, piece guns. In fact, these are serial guns, assembled and fine-tuned especially carefully and, as a rule, richly decorated. Such weapons do not belong to high-class guns, they are not one-piece in every sense words, although because of the decorations it is often very expensive.
The CIS produces both high-class piece weapons and large-scale ones. The first includes models MTs9, MTs11, MTs109, MTs111, the second includes IZH-27, TOZ-34, “Los”, “Bars” and many others. Models such as TOZ-34, IZH-27 are made in souvenir versions, in medium value, and in ordinary production.
Shotguns of all systems, types and classes mentioned above belong to multi-shot weapons loaded from the breech with a unitary cartridge. A unitary cartridge is a cartridge in which a projectile (shot, buckshot, bullet), a powder charge, a primer, and wads are connected into one whole using a cartridge case.
Such a weapon replaced the ramrod weapon, which had existed for more than 500 years. In a ramrod weapon, a charge of gunpowder, a wad and a projectile are sequentially introduced into the barrel from the muzzle side using a ramrod - a wooden or steel rod.
III. Classification of hunting firearms by main systems:
The weapon system is the arrangement of all the mechanisms of the gun in the required desired sequence. All weapon systems include: a barrel, devices for locking the barrel on the shooter’s side (bolt), devices for firing a shot (trigger mechanism), devices for aiming the weapon at the target, stock, sighting devices.
Basic hunting firearm systems:
shotguns with flip-up barrels;
shotguns with non-retractable barrels.
Parts of a hunting rifle with flip-up barrels
1 - trunks, 2 - forearm, 3 - butt, 4 - neck of the butt, 5 - cheek, 6 - butt plate 7 - heel of the butt, 8 - toe of the butt, 9 - comb of the butt, 10 - block, 11 - Richards release lever 12 - triggers, 13 - safety guard. 14 - front sight, 16 - sighting bar, 16 - safety button, 17 - swivels
A gun of any system is made in the form of various models and modifications.
A gun model is the embodiment of a system into a specific sample, manufactured by a specific enterprise, and having a specific designation (index).
Thus, the double-barreled shotgun system with vertical barrels is represented by many models. Each model may have modifications. This means that certain changes have been made to the original set and arrangement of parts, components, and mechanisms of the gun, which somewhat change the performance qualities of the weapon.
The main feature of shotguns with flip-up barrels is that each barrel is loaded with one cartridge and does not have devices for chambering the next cartridge. For shotguns of this system, be it a single-barrel, double-barreled or tee, when opening, it is typical for the barrels to lower with their muzzle cuts down. At the same time, the chambers open (for a single-barreled shotgun - the chamber) and the shooter can remove the cartridge, spent cartridge case, load the gun. The block is cranked, locking mechanisms - from 1 to 3.
Single-barreled, single-shot shotguns come with an external or internal hammer, an extractor or an ejector.
Double-barreled shotguns with barrels located in a horizontal plane have one or two triggers. These double-barreled shotguns are made both hammerless and hammer-fired, with an extractor or ejector.
Double-barreled shotguns with barrels located in a vertical plane have one or two triggers. Guns are equipped with either an extractor or an ejector. The triggers are usually internal, but there are also guns with an external trigger. Double-barreled shotguns with vertically positioned barrels were received in the post-war period widest distribution all over the world.
Three-barreled shotguns (tees). Typically these are combination shotguns with two upper smooth (rifled) barrels and one lower rifled (smooth) barrel. There are tees with all trunks located in the same plane (vertically). There are, although rarely, tees with all threaded or all smooth trunks, but of different calibers. Tees are usually made with two triggers, sometimes - with three. Shotguns with non-retractable barrels are single-barreled and double-barreled (Darna system).
The most common and varied models are single-barreled guns, which are divided into:
shotguns with a Colt movable forend (these are also called pump-action or pump shotguns);
guns with a lever-brace (Henry-brace);
bolt action shotguns.
Single-barreled shotguns with a Colt movable forend. Typically, such guns have an under-barrel magazine for 3-5 rounds. Reloading is done by moving the forend by hand. This design allows you to reload the gun while shooting without lifting it from your shoulder. These guns are the fastest-firing non-automatic guns. They are not produced in the CIS countries. They are especially widespread in the USA, where they are produced in large quantities by several companies.
Single-barreled shotguns with Henry lever action. The magazine can be under-barrel or box-shaped; The number of cartridges in the magazine varies (depending on the type of magazine and caliber).
They are reloaded by moving the safety bracket up and down, which activates the vertically moving bolt. At the same time, the bracket also serves as a lever. Widely distributed in the USA and Canada.
The largest number Varieties and models are presented for hunting weapons with a longitudinally sliding bolt, which can be both single-shot and magazine-loaded, both reloaded by hand and self-loading. Single-barreled, single-shot shotguns are currently poorly distributed.
After the First and Second World Wars, we produced smooth-bore (in a smaller number - rifled) guns, converted from army rifles, withdrawn from service. In the USSR, the so-called “berdankas” and “frolovki” were produced.
The first ones are hunting rifles, converted from a four-line rifle "Berdan-2", the second - from a three-line rifle by S.I. Mosin. Single-barreled, multi-shot (magazine) shotguns, reloaded by hand, are widespread among hunters. Box-shaped magazine, 2-5 rounds.
Single-barrel self-loading shotguns with a blowback action are designed to fire 5.6 mm rimfire caliber cartridges, i.e., they are designed for relatively low pressure (up to 2000 kgf/cm2). Reloading occurs due to the pressure of the powder gases on the spring-loaded bolt through the bottom of the cartridge case moving backwards. The mass of the bolt and the spring force are designed in such a way that the bolt moves back and then forward, producing a complete reloading cycle.
Single-barreled self-loading shotguns with a movable barrel are reloaded by using recoil energy when fired. At the moment of firing, the barrel, together with the bolt, moves back. In the rearmost position, the bolt is held by the feed lever, and the barrel moves forward under the action of a spring. After some time, the bolt, returning to the front position, is connected to the barrel. With these movements of the barrel and bolt, a complete reloading cycle occurs. Some systems have a long barrel stroke, others have a short one. The magazine is under-barrel, for 2-5 rounds.
Single-barreled self-loading shotguns with a gas venting mechanism are reloaded by removing part of the powder gases through a hole in the barrel using appropriate mechanisms.
In double-barreled shotguns with non-reclining barrels, the opening of the barrel bores for loading or unloading occurs when the box with the striker is pulled back. mechanism.
Shotguns of both systems can have:
external or internal triggers;
trunks can be smooth, rifled, with a “paradox” drill and of various lengths (depending on the purpose);
with different muzzle devices for smoothbore guns.
The gun of each system is chambered for different types(regular, Magnum) and calibers - it can have:
normal weight;
to be relieved;
weighted.
IV. Classification of rifled sporting and hunting weapons
Shtutser - a gun that has following signs:
Caliber expressed by the number of calibers round bullets, cast from one pound of pure lead (in English mass measures: 4, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 and 32).
We will divide them into three groups:
large caliber 4 (26.72 mm), 8 (21.21 mm) and 10 (19.68 mm),
medium caliber - 12 (18.52), 16 (16.81 mm) and 20 (15.62 mm)
small caliber - 24 (14.70 mm), 28 (13.97 mm) and 32 (13.36 mm);
The rifling is deep (about 0.4 mm), wide (about 5 mm) with a slight steepness (about 4°);
barrel length - generally from 620 to 720 mm (as an exception 500 and 900 mm, while the first of them can be called a rifle carbine, the second - a rifle rifle);
the shape and size of the chamber are the same as for shotguns - length 65, 70, 76 mm or more depending on the caliber;
the projectile used is a lead round or oblong short bullet large mass(for example, for 23 gauge from 38 to 45 g);
the sleeve used is metal (thick-walled and thin-walled) or paper with a slight taper to its barrel, i.e. the same as for shotguns;
The gunpowder used in the gun is smoky (black) saltpeter-gray-coal;
total mass guns from 10-9 to 3.2 kg;
Purpose:
at large caliber(4,8 and 10th) - to defeat large thick-skinned or very dangerous animals (elephant, rhinoceros, lion, tiger, buffalo, hippopotamus, etc.);
with medium caliber (12, 16 and 20) - to defeat soft-skinned animals, such as bear, leopard, leopard, elk, deer, antelope, wild boar, etc.;
with a small caliber (24, 28 and 32) - for shooting relatively small animals: musk deer, etc. It's powerful, but not long-range weapon with a high stopping effect of a bullet at short firing distances.
"Express" and "Magnum Express" are transitional form from fittings to carbines and rifles:
The caliber is designated "in thousandths or hundredths of an inch:
600 (15.24 mm), 577 (14.49 mm), 500 (12.7 mm), 450 (11.43 mm), 420 (10.68 mm), 400 (10.16 mm) and 360 ( 9.15 mm);
the rifling is less deep, but wide and slightly steeper than that of the fittings;
barrel length from 600 to 711 mm (rifles);
shape and size of the chamber - for a straight or bottle-shaped sleeve, length 64-74 mm;
the projectile used is a lead oblong bullet of large mass with an admixture of tin and other metals to increase hardness. With the improvement of the quality of gunpowder and an increase in the initial speed, the bullet was dressed in a shell and made solid or expansive (incorrectly called expressive) type, the mass of the bullet, depending on the caliber, from 43.4 to 14.12 g;
the sleeve used is straight, with a slight taper or bottle-shaped, made of thick brass, length 74-64 mm;
The gunpowder used in the gun is smoky (black) fine-grained saltpeter-gray-coal;
total weight of the gun - depending on the caliber from 5.3 to 2.7 kg;
The purpose - in accordance with the caliber - is the same as that of fittings similar in caliber.
“Magnum Express” differed from “express” in that:
larger charge of gunpowder;
heavier bullets;
more pressure in the bore;
high muzzle velocity;
large mass, than "express" of the corresponding caliber.
With the introduction of smokeless powders, "Express" and "Magnum Express" became "Nitro Express" and further reductions in calibers began.
The bullet was used only in an elongated shell, usually of an expansive type. The decrease in caliber was caused by the fact that with an increase in bullet speed due to the use of smokeless nitro powder, recoil increased, and with a decrease in caliber and a decrease in bullet mass, recoil decreased.
At the same time, the ballistic qualities of the gun improved, as the lateral load of the bullet increased, which led to an increase in range and penetration.
Carbine - weapon modern type(although it has been known for a long time, it is now most widely developed), using only smokeless powder, with a varied design of the shell bullet, often of the expansive type, with powerful cartridges that provide high initial flight speed of bullets of different masses;
Caliber - 50 (12.7 mm), 48 (12.2 mm), 470 (11.95 mm), 15 (11.43 mm), 44 (11.17 mm), 10.75 mm, 40 (11 ,16 mm), 36 (9.56 mm), 375 (9.55 mm), 9.3 mm, 35 (8.89 mm), 8 mm, 32 (8.14 mm), 30 (7.62 mm), 280 (7.12 mm), 7 mm 27 (6.85 mm), 264 (6.70 mm), 257 (6.51 mm), 25 (.6.35 mm), 244 (6. 2 mm), 243 (6.17 mm), 223 (5.67 mm), 222 (5.65 mm), 22 (5.6 mm), 218 (5.54 mm), etc.;
rifling - small (from 0.1 to 0.2 mm), not wide (about 3.5 mm), with the greatest steepness (6° or more) compared to those found in rifles, and even more so in fittings and “express”;
The barrel length is generally from 450 to 550 mm and not more than 600 mm, depending on the caliber and power of the cartridge. This is the main difference between this type of gun and all others;
The shape of the chamber is varied (straight, conical, but most often bottle-shaped), length from 18 to 74 mm;
the projectile used is a bullet in a solid or half-shell made of different metals, often pointed, streamlined in shape with a lead-antimony core, expansive type, different lengths(usually long) and of different weights; some small-caliber short-bore carbines have a lead bullet without a jacket;
the sleeve used is thick-walled brass, usually bottle-type, but can be straight or conical; a head with or without a rim, depending on the design of the carbine (for double-barreled carbine - with a rim, which is designated by the letter P, for single-barreled ones with a magazine - without a rim);
the gunpowder used is only smokeless (sometimes low-smoke for small-caliber guns); total weight - from 5 to 2.5 kg, depending on the caliber and power of the cartridge;
purpose - depending on the caliber and power of the cartridge, the same as for fittings, “express”, “Magnum-express” and “nitro-express”.
Rifle - modern look weapons, allowing the use of smokeless powder and the same modern ammunition as for a carbine; the caliber is the same as that of carbines;
The rifling is small, not wide (like carbines), with less steepness (5°-5"30") than carbines, but can be of the same steepness depending on the length of the bullet (the longer the bullet, the steeper the rifling with one and the same barrel length);
the length of the barrels is the greatest in comparison with other types of handguns (rifle, express, carbine); never less than 600 mm, which is mainly what distinguishes it from a carbine; on average, the length of the trunks ranges from 610 to 710 mm;
the shape and size of the chamber are the same as those of the carbine;
everything is the same in relation to small-caliber short rifles, but the latter have higher ballistic indicators than carbines corresponding to their caliber;
the sleeve used is the same as that of a carbine, it can be with a rim if the rifle has a folding barrel(s), and without it if there is a magazine;
The gunpowder used is the same as for carbines, i.e. smokeless (nitro powder);
total weight - depending on the caliber and power of the cartridge from 5.5 to 3.0 kg, for small-caliber rifles - from 2.5 to 3 kg.
Modern rifle differs from a carbine:
longer trunks (they are never less than 600 mm);
greater range;
greater flatness of the trajectory (longer range of a direct shot).
With the same cartridge:
greater accuracy of combat;
greater penetration ability bullets;
greater initial speed its flight and less steep rifling (i.e. long length the barrel provides it with the necessary rotation).
True, the steepness of the rifling depends not only on the length of the barrel, but also on the length of the bullet (longer bullets require a greater steepness of the rifling). Depending on the caliber, a rifle is used for the same purposes as a carbine, but when you need a very accurate, long-range shot with maximum power.
Often the carbine is undeservedly attributed to what is characteristic of a rifle, and the rifle is reduced to a low-power weapon, whereas, like the rifle, and the “express”, and the carbine, and the rifle there are samples of different power and range.
V. Classification of sporting and hunting firearms according to the main, most characteristic features:
According to the arrangement of barrel channels:
- smooth-bore;
- rifled;
- smooth-bore rifled (paradoxes);
According to the design of the impact mechanism:
- external triggers (with external triggers);
- internal triggers (with internal triggers);
- drummers.
According to the locking mechanism:
- with locking using spring latches (all guns with folding barrels),
- with a bolt-type bolt that slides longitudinally by turning the handle,
- with a longitudinally sliding shutter with a skewed frame,
- with inertial and combined locking - inertial-manual (with inertial or with rotation of the handle) shutter;
According to the device connecting the barrel with receiver
- collapsible with detachable barrels;
- non-separable;
- folding.
According to the location of the drive or lever of the locking mechanism:
- systems with an upper key (lever);
- systems with lower lever;
- systems with side lever;
- systems with a sliding fore-end;
- systems with a handle at the bolt;
By location and shape of the store:
- shotguns with a box magazine;
- with a tubular underbarrel;
- a tubular magazine placed in the butt;
According to the location of the primer and firing pin:
- central ignition;
- ring ignition.
According to the number of trunks - 1, 2, 3 and 4-barrels;
by the number of cartridges in the gun:
- single-shot;
- multi-charged, or magazine.
For assembling barrels in a gun:
- smoothbore or shotgun;
- rifled or bullet;
- smooth-bore rifled or bullet-shot (with drilling of barrels - paradox or Lancaster);
- combined (with different combination smooth and rifled barrels);
According to the projectile used:
- shotguns;
- bullets;
- bullet-shot (paradoxes and Lancaster drill);
According to the operating principle of the reloading mechanism for self-loading shotguns:
- systems operating on the recoil (rollback) of a movable barrel with a long and short stroke;
- systems operating on the removal of powder gases from the barrel;
- systems operating on a movable chamber;
- systems based on the inertial principle;
- with a free shutter and a connected shutter (Sjögren system), mixed systems, i.e., with a self-loading manual drive.
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To protect yourself and your family, you can choose several weapon options: pneumatic (sporting or amateur), shotguns, or a stun gun. They differ not only in size and cost, but also in efficiency of use. Smoothbore weapons are considered the best for self-defense. Types, prices and selection tips will help you choose the best model.
Classification of smoothbore weapons
To explore the possibility of using this means of self-defense, you should familiarize yourself with the contents of Law No. 150-FZ. It specifies the characteristics and design features smoothbore models. Most citizens of the Russian Federation can buy and use them. Hunting license in advance and as needed.
List of requirements for smooth-bore weapons intended for self-defense and hunting:
- minimum length - 800 mm;
- number of charges in the magazine – up to 10 pcs.;
- fire mode – single only;
- charging speed – up to 450 m/s.
Almost all hunting and sporting rifles meet these requirements. For air pistols, different standards apply, and they are also less effective than firearms. The only advantage is for many.
Requirements for design, technical and operational characteristics
To choose, you need to decide on optimal parameters means of protection. If you need it to be carried with you, standard guns will not work. As an alternative, you can consider gas or. The latter does not legally belong to the category of firearms, but has all its properties. The function of a bullet in it is performed by rubber balls.
If smooth-bore weapons are used as a means of self-defense, it is recommended to make the choice according to the following criteria:
- Number of trunks and their location. They are divided into double-barreled and single-barreled guns. In the first case, they are located horizontally or vertically.
- Single or multi-charged. The maximum number of cartridges is 10 pcs.
- Possibility of semi-automatic firing mode. This is done using the energy of gases or using recoil.
- Cost and manufacturer.
Additionally, you need to purchase and install. After this, official permission is issued, and courses are required. It should be remembered that carrying shotguns with you, except for hunting or sport shooting, forbidden. Therefore, it is recommended to purchase additional funds self-defense, the wearing and use of which does not require a permit. These include gas cartridges, air pistols, stun guns.
Model overview
Of the options under consideration for self-defense, you have to choose hunting rifles. Fortunately, the range of such products has increased recent years at times. Many people prefer the classics - double-barreled models. But they are poorly suited to protect themselves and their loved ones - the lack of a magazine makes their use in a critical situation difficult.
The selection presents the optimal models of smoothbore weapons for self-defense.
Vepr-12 Molot
Belongs to the class of multi-purpose weapons, created on the basis of the Kalashnikov assault rifle. It is distinguished by reliability and reliability. To protect against rust, an anti-corrosion coating is applied to the metal elements. High speed magazine changing is provided by a specially designed receiver.
At the bottom of the gas chamber there is a bar for fixing a tactical flashlight or laser pointer. Main characteristics of the model:
- caliber – 12*70;
- magazine capacity – 8 rounds;
- weight of an unloaded weapon – 3.9 kg;
- trunk length – 43 cm;
- cost - from 45,600 rubles.
For operational safety, the design includes an automatic shutter stop. Compactness is ensured by a nested stock.
Seylan TM-1950
The carbine is made in Turkey, the external design is taken from the classic American M16 rifle, the body is made of high-strength plastic. Feature models – camouflage color. It is possible to install additional accessories.
Specifications:
- magazine capacity - 10 rounds;
- caliber – 12*76;
- weight is 3.35 kg;
- length – 103 cm;
- price – from 40 thousand rubles.
Relative disadvantages include the one-piece stock. It is not recommended to use a smoothbore gun for hunting. best option for sport shooting or self-defense.
Carbine Saiga 12 isp.340
An improved model of the legendary rifle. The manufacturer modernized the gas engine and installed a new muzzle brake made of aluminum. It is possible to adjust the telescopic butt.
Main parameters of the carbine:
- magazine box capacity – 10 pcs.;
- caliber – 12*76;
- weight – 3.95 kg;
- length - 105 cm;
- cost – from 60 thousand rubles.
The design has a push-button safety; the magazine can be reset without removing your hand from the handle.
The Russian government has changed the rules for carrying weapons for ordinary citizens who are not military personnel, employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs or other special organizations. From now on, every citizen of the Russian Federation can carry legally acquired weapons not only during hunting, sporting events, training and shooting practice, but also for the purposes of self-defense, if this does not contradict the law “On Weapons”
Government Resolution No., signed by Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev, makes several changes to the “Rules for the circulation of civilian and service weapons and ammunition on the territory of the Russian Federation”. The document is dated November 8, but it was published only on Tuesday, November 18.
One of the paragraphs of this resolution makes changes to section 62 of the “Rules”, which regulates the rules for carrying weapons. In the previous edition, paragraph “d” of this section allowed Russian citizens to carry weapons “during hunting, sporting events, training and shooting exercises.” The government added one more case to this list: “and also for the purposes of self-defense.”
At the same time, this innovation will not affect foreign citizens in Russia. For them permission to use weapons is only " during hunting, sporting events, training and shooting exercises” was supplemented with the ability to carry weapons, but only during these events.
As Rafail Rudnitsky, chairman of the Saiga shooting club and head of the Moscow branch of the Civil Weapons Union, told RBC, this amendment eliminates additional formal obstacles to the transportation of weapons by their owners. “Previously, carrying even a sheathed weapon could be interpreted as both carrying and transportation. That is, theoretically, the guard could demand proof that you are carrying a weapon for hunting or for competition, but now it is allowed to carry virtually any weapon purchased legally.”
The law classifies smooth-bore long-barreled firearms as self-defense weapons (however, carrying them for defensive purposes is expressly prohibited by law); firearms limited damage (pistol, revolver, firearms without a barrel domestic production) with cartridges traumatic effect, gas-action cartridges and light-sound cartridges; gas weapon: gas pistols and revolvers, including cartridges for them, mechanical sprayers, aerosol and other devices filled with tear or irritant substances; electroshock devices and spark gaps of domestic production.
In addition, the list civilian weapons are listed as sports, hunting, signal, cold bladed weapon and weapons used for cultural and educational purposes.
In this case, the provisions of the law “On Weapons” must be observed, which states that “carrying weapons during rallies, street processions, demonstrations, picketing and other mass public events is prohibited; carrying a firearm while intoxicated; carrying by citizens of firearms of limited destruction in the territories educational organizations; wearing while in organizations intended for entertainment and leisure, working at night and selling alcoholic products; carrying by citizens for self-defense long-barreled firearms and bladed weapons.”
In addition, the law directly prohibits “the carrying by citizens of long-barreled firearms and bladed weapons for self-defense,” except in cases of transportation or transportation.
Changes to the “Rules for the circulation of weapons” also somewhat soften the requirements for foreign citizens importing weapons into Russia or purchasing them on Russian territory. Thus, the storage period for weapons purchased in Russia by foreigners has been extended from five to ten days. In addition, the mandatory transfer of weapons after customs to the party inviting the foreigner has been abolished - now this procedure is voluntary. The rules for the transportation of weapons by legal entities have also been liberalized. So, if previously, in order to transport five or more weapons or 400 or more rounds of ammunition, organizations were required to provide armed security for the cargo, now limit values requirements requiring such measures have been increased to 20 weapons and 20 thousand rounds of ammunition.