Sea nettle jellyfish. Sea jellyfish
Medusa cannonball
The cannonball jellyfish lives along the east coast of the United States to Brazil. It got its name because unusual shape perfectly smooth and round, like a cannonball. In Asian countries, these jellyfish are widely used in folk medicine. It is believed that they can cure lung disease, arthritis, and lower blood pressure.
Olindias formosa
This rare species jellyfish are found off the coast of Brazil, Argentina, and Japan. A characteristic feature of these jellyfish is that they hang on great depth. When the jellyfish is in this state, its tentacles are concentrated under the cap. Due to the small number this type does not pose a danger to people, but we should not forget that they can leave very severe burns.
Portuguese man of war
This amazing creature differs from all jellyfish in that it consists of many medusoid individuals. It has a gas bubble that floats on the surface of the water, allowing it to absorb air. Tentacles Portuguese man-of-war when extended they can reach 50 meters.
Purple striped jellyfish
This type of jellyfish can be found in Monterrey Bay. They are not yet well studied. This jellyfish is quite large and can cause serious burns to humans. Stripes and rich colors appear in jellyfish as they age. Along the way warm currents The jellyfish may also migrate to the shores of Southern California. This was especially noticeable in 2012, when 130 people received burns from jellyfish (black sea nettle and purple striped one).
Mediterranean or jellyfish fried egg
This amazing creature really resembles a fried egg, or poached egg. Jellyfish lives in the Mediterranean, Adriatic and Aegean Seas. Her important feature it is believed that she can move independently without relying on waves.
Darth Vader or Narcomedusa
This type of jellyfish was discovered in the Arctic. This happened quite recently. In addition to such an interesting and at the same time terrifying appearance, the jellyfish has 4 tentacles and 12 stomach pouches. While swimming, the tentacles are pulled forward to better reach their prey.
blue jellyfish
The blue jellyfish has very stinging tentacles. It has been discovered off the coast of Scotland, in the North Sea and in the Irish Sea. The average transverse diameter of this jellyfish is 15 centimeters. Color varies from dark blue to bright blue.
Porpit porpit
It's not really a jellyfish. This creature is more commonly known as the blue button. The porpet lives on the surface of the ocean and consists of two parts: a hard golden-brown float and hydroid colonies, which in appearance are very similar to the tentacles of a jellyfish. Porpita can easily be confused with a jellyfish.
Diplulmaris Antarctica
This magnificent creature lives in the deep waters of Antarctica and has four bright orange tentacles as well as white tentacles. The small white dots on the jellyfish are side-spreads. They live in the jellyfish and sometimes even feed on it.
Black sea nettle
The black sea nettle is a giant bell-shaped jellyfish with a diameter of 3 feet. An adult can reach 5 meters and have 24 tentacles. This type of jellyfish was discovered in the waters Pacific Ocean. they are carnivores. They prefer larvae, plankton, and other jellyfish as food.
Almost every person at least once in his life has seen the most common inhabitant of the seas - a jellyfish. This is a very beautiful animal, living mainly in tropical waters, may also be dangerous to humans. Jellyfish are actively poisonous creatures; their stinging apparatus is located on the tentacles. Tropical jellyfish have tentacles that can reach impressive lengths. Class scyphoid unites, as a rule, large jellyfish that have a complex body structure compared to polyps.
Coelenterates are interesting in that they exhibit alternation during the development of generations, namely: if an adult organism leads a sedentary lifestyle, for example, hydroids, then its larval generation will lead a free-swimming lifestyle, sometimes taking the form of tiny jellyfish, or so-called hydromedusas. But real scyphojellyfish as adults lead a free-swimming lifestyle, and the intermediate (or larval) generation, on the contrary, will be a polyp attached to the bottom. Coelenterates, including jellyfish, are bilayer animals. They have only two developed layers: the outer one - ectoderm and the inner one - endoderm, but they do not have a middle layer - mesoderm. Instead, hydroids have a thin, so-called supporting plate between the layers, and jellyfish have a loose thick layer of tissue - glia, which is 98% water. This is what gives the jellyfish its gelatinous, swaying appearance. When thrown ashore, the jellyfish quickly loses water, turning into something similar to a rag of an indeterminate shape.
Among the jellyfish representing real danger for humans, we can name the following: cyanea, deep sea jellyfish, cornerotes, aurelias, dactylometers, crosses. Most dangerous fingerprint meters and the so-called sea wasps.
Scyphoid
The symptoms that occur when touching scyphojellyfish are the same as when the poison is directed at the vital systems of the body - nervous system, heart. An upset stomach begins, caused by poisoning with many animal poisons, and it is not at all necessary that they get into the gastrointestinal tract, as, for example, in case of poisoning with inferior mushrooms.
Cyaneas are large jellyfish that live in all waters from polar latitudes to the tropics. The diameter of the bell of such a jellyfish reaches 2.5 m, and the length of the tentacles is 30 m. Just imagine meeting such a jellyfish. If you do not notice and avoid it, then in short period time, a person must dive to a depth of 30 m, and this is almost impossible. This jellyfish has wide mouth lobes that can have a wide variety of colors. Representatives of this species can be found in northern regions Quiet and Atlantic Oceans and even in the Baltic Sea.
Not only large ones are dangerous to humans, but also small species jellyfish At great depths, divers may encounter other types of jellyfish that prefer shallow water, but they are sometimes found in the surface layers of water. This has happened more than once in the tropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Very often, when jellyfish fell into fishermen's nets, they caused severe poisoning in people who tried to pull such a jellyfish out of the nets.
Some types of jellyfish, with the help of special devices, can attach themselves to various underwater objects and even animals. But one of the representatives of the cornerot jellyfish, the so-called rhizostoma, is found in our seas - the Black and Azov. This whitish jellyfish has a bright blue or purple border along the edge of the bell. The diameter of its bell reaches 60 cm. It does not have tentacles along the edge of the bell, and even the oral lobes located under the bell are fused together by the sides, the ends of which end in root-like outgrowths, which is why the jellyfish received the name cornerot. In the water it moves with strong jerks, easily changing direction.
Some rootworms can cause not only severe lesions in humans, but also dysfunction internal organs. The dactylometer jellyfish has an umbrella with a diameter of only about 25 cm, but has a large number tentacles Four very long oral lobes almost reach the length of the marginal tentacles and are narrowed towards the ends. The body color of dactylometers can vary from yellow to lilac with brown tint. Such jellyfish are widespread in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic oceans. These animals are dangerous to humans. Anyone who encounters such a jellyfish experiences severe itching of the skin, turning into a burning sensation. A local inflammatory reaction of the skin occurs. The symptoms of general poisoning are not very pronounced, but a person who receives an unexpected burn may not be able to cope with stress and drown. Such cases are known.
Box jellyfish
Jellyfish that pose a danger to humans include the so-called box jellyfish. They received this name for special form bell, resembling a slightly rounded cube. The tentacles of these jellyfish, unlike scyphoid jellyfish, are outgrowths located at the four corners of the cube and at the bottom are divided into smaller branches. The outgrowths of the tentacles vaguely resemble hands with smaller endings - fingers. When the tentacles of box jellyfish strike, necrotic lesions may also occur. A necrotic lesion occurs due to the death of skin cells. This phenomenon has the appearance of a festering ulcer, where blood leukocytes rush.
Among box jellyfish, the most dangerous to humans are the sea wasp and Chiropsalmus. These are small jellyfish, their bell reaches about 20 cm in diameter. In addition, the transparency of the body in the water makes them hardly noticeable to swimmers. They live in the tropical waters of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. They can be found especially often near the coast. Northern Australia and the Philippines.
Sea wasp - poisonous species from the class box jellyfish
The sea wasp can be found off the coast of Australia and the Philippines. The diameter of its bell is very small, about 7.5 cm. The sea wasp is a box jellyfish. The burn of this jellyfish is fatal even for an adult, who dies within a few minutes.
The waters of the world's oceans are home to hundreds of various types jellyfish that surprise with their shapes and colors. Although most people are afraid of encountering them, jellyfish are a fairly popular dish in some cultures. Below is a list of the ten most beautiful jellyfish in the world.
Atoll jellyfish (Atolla jellyfish)
The Atoll Jellyfish is a fairly common species of deep-sea Coronomedus that lives in oceans and seas around the world. They have the ability to bioluminescence. When in danger, the Atoll jellyfish emits a riot of light pulses to attract fish large sizes, which will be interested in the predator that attacked her. Typically have 23 tentacles, one of which is larger than the others, and is used by Atolla to capture prey.
Blue button
Blue Button or Porpita porpita is a marine organism found in tropical and subtropical waters of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Passively drifts on the surface, feeding mainly on crustaceans and crustacean larvae. The blue button has one mouth located under the float, which is used for both food intake and waste. Despite the fact that the Blue Button looks like a jellyfish, it is not one. In fact, it is a colony of hydroid polyps.
Crossota Sp
Eighth in the list of the most beautiful jellyfish in the world is Crossota Sp, a deep-sea genus of jellyfish that includes five species. Widely distributed in all oceans of the planet.
Diplulmaris antarctica
Diplulmaris antarctica is a species of jellyfish found in the waters of Antarctica close to the surface. They grow up to 4 cm wide. They feed mainly on crustaceans, larvae of mollusks and fish.
Jelly Blubber
Jelly Blubber is a species of jellyfish found in coastal areas of the Indo-Pacific region. Most often on east coast Australia. Feeds mainly on plankton small fish and some crustaceans. They grow up to 30–45 cm in diameter. Their bite can be painful, but usually does not pose a serious danger to humans.
Cannonball jellyfish
Cannonball jellyfish is a species of jellyfish that lives in warm waters in the northwestern and central-eastern Pacific, as well as the western Atlantic oceans. They feed mainly on zooplankton such as veligers. Their domed bell can reach 25 cm in diameter. Along the South Coast American state Georgia, these jellyfish are a valuable export that ends up on dinner tables in Asia.
Chrysaora colorata
Chrysaora colorata is a species of jellyfish found primarily off the coast of California in Monterey Bay. Their bell (body) reaches up to 70 cm in diameter. They feed on zooplankton, including crustaceans, fish larvae, etc. The bite of this jellyfish is extremely painful for humans.
Phyllorhiza punctata
Phyllorhiza punctata, also known as the floating bell, is a species of jellyfish widely distributed in the western Pacific Ocean from Australia to Japan. They feed mainly on zooplankton. Their bell (body) averages 45–50 centimeters, but in October 2007 at Sunset Beach, North Carolina an individual was found whose bell was 72 cm wide.
Hairy cyanea is the largest of known species jellyfish, common in all northern seas Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Typically, these predators grow to 50–60 cm. However, the largest recorded individual was found in 1870 on the shores of Massachusetts Bay. Its body (bell) was 2.3 meters in diameter, its tentacles 37 meters. Cyanides prey on various planktonic organisms, as well as other jellyfish.
Chrysaora achlyos
Chrysaora achlyos is a species of jellyfish that lives in the waters of the Pacific Ocean from Monterey Bay in the north to southern California and Mexico. A fairly large species of jellyfish that can grow up to 1 meter. They are carnivores and typically feed on zooplankton and other jellyfish.
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Among the most unusual animals on Earth, jellyfish are also among the oldest, with an evolutionary history dating back hundreds of millions of years. In this article, we reveal 10 basic facts about jellyfish, from how these invertebrates move through deep water to how they sting their prey.
1. Jellyfish are classified as cnidarians or cnidarians.
Named after the Greek word for "sea nettle," cnidarians are marine animals characterized by a jelly-like body structure, radial symmetry, and stinging "cnidocyte" cells on their tentacles that literally explode when capturing prey. There are about 10,000 species of cnidarians, about half of which belong to the class coral polyps, and the other half includes hydroids, scyphoids, and box jellyfish (the group of animals that most people call jellyfish).
Cnidarians are among the most ancient animals on earth; Their fossil roots go back almost 600 million years!
2. There are four main classes of jellyfish
Scyphoid and box jellyfish are two classes of cnidarians that include classical jellyfish; The main difference between the two is that box jellyfish have a cube-like bell shape, and are slightly faster than scyphoid jellyfish. There are also hydroids (most species of which do not go through the polyp stage) and staurozoa - a class of jellyfish that lead sedentary lifestyle life, attaching to a solid surface.
All four classes of jellyfish: scyphoid, box jellyfish, hydroid and staurozoa belong to the subphylum of cnidarians - medusozoa.
3. Jellyfish are some of the simplest animals in the world
What can you say about animals without central nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems? Compared to animals, jellyfish are extremely simple organisms, characterized mainly by wavy bells (which contain the stomach) and tentacles with many stinging cells. Their almost transparent bodies consist of only three layers of outer epidermis, middle mesoglea, and inner gastrodermis and water making up 95-98% of the total volume, compared to 60% in the average human.
4. Jellyfish are formed from polyps
Like many animals, life cycle Jellyfish breeding begins with eggs, which are fertilized by males. After this, things get a little more complicated: what emerges from the egg is a free-swimming planula (larva) that looks like a giant slipper ciliate. Then, the planula attaches to a solid surface ( seabed or rocks) and develops into a polyp resembling miniature corals or sea anemones. Finally, after several months or even years, the polyp detaches and develops into an ether, which grows into an adult jellyfish.
5. Some jellyfish have eyes
Cobojellyfish have a couple of dozen light-sensitive cells in the form of an eyespot, but unlike other marine jellyfish, some of their eyes have a cornea, lenses and retina. These compound eyes are arranged in pairs around the circumference of the bell (one pointing upward and the other downward, providing a 360-degree view).
The eyes are used to search for prey and protect themselves from predators, but their main function is the correct orientation of jellyfish in the water column.
6. Jellyfish have a unique way of delivering venom.
As a rule, they release their venom during a bite, but not jellyfish (and other coelenterates), which in the process of evolution have developed specialized bodies, called nematocysts. When jellyfish tentacles are stimulated, a huge internal pressure(about 900 kg per square inch) and they literally explode, piercing the skin of the unfortunate victim to deliver thousands of tiny doses of poison. The nematocysts are so powerful that they can be activated even when the jellyfish is washed ashore or dies.
7. The sea wasp is the most dangerous jellyfish
Most people are afraid poisonous spiders And rattlesnakes, but the most dangerous animal on the planet for humans may be a species of jellyfish - the sea wasp ( Chironex fleckeri ). With a bell the size of a basketball and tentacles up to 3 meters long, the sea wasp prowls the waters off Australia and Southeast Asia, and at least 60 people lost their lives because of it in the last century.
A slight touch of the tentacles of a sea wasp causes excruciating pain, and closer contact with these jellyfish can kill an adult in a couple of minutes.
8. The movement of jellyfish resembles the operation of a jet engine
Jellyfish are equipped with hydrostatic skeletons, invented by evolution hundreds of millions of years ago. Essentially, the jellyfish's bell is a fluid-filled cavity surrounded by circular muscles that spray water in the opposite direction of the movement.
The hydrostatic skeleton is also found in starfish, worms and other invertebrates. Jellyfish can move with ocean currents, thereby saving yourself from unnecessary effort.
9. One type of jellyfish may be immortal
Like most invertebrate animals, jellyfish have a short lifespan: some small species live only hours, while the most large species, for example, jellyfish lion's mane can live for several years. Controversially, some scientists claim that jellyfish species Turritopsis dornii immortal: adults are able to return to the polyp stage (see point 4), and thus an endless life cycle is theoretically possible.
Unfortunately, this behavior was observed only in laboratory conditions, And Turritopsis dornii can easily die in many other ways (such as becoming dinner for predators or being washed up on a beach).
10. A group of jellyfish is called a “swarm”
Remember the scene from the cartoon Finding Nemo, where Marlon and Dory must overcome the huge cluster jellyfish? WITH scientific point In visual terms, a group of jellyfish consisting of hundreds or even thousands of individual individuals is called a “swarm”. Marine biologists have noticed that large concentrations of jellyfish are being observed more and more often, and can serve as an indicator of sea pollution or global warming. Swarms of jellyfish usually form in warm water jellyfish are able to thrive in anoxic marine conditions that are unsuitable for other invertebrates of their size.
Probably each of us has met jellyfish while vacationing at seaside resorts, and usually meeting with these underwater inhabitants doesn't bring anything positive. But you will be surprised at how beautiful and diverse these spineless inhabitants of the seas can be.
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1. Jellyfish can be flat or elongated, but the most common jellyfish have a dome-shaped body.
2. Their sizes also vary - jellyfish can be very tiny and can grow up to two meters in diameter, and their bundles of tentacles can reach a length of 30 meters.
3. There are also colorless, almost transparent individuals, but the “nightlight” jellyfish amaze with their beauty, striking even experienced sailors with their beauty, not to mention ordinary people.
4. Jellyfish are one of the oldest representatives of the animal world: they appeared more than 650 million years ago. This means that they older than dinosaurs and sharks.
5. Jellyfish have still not been fully studied, because some types of jellyfish live at a depth of up to 10 thousand meters.
6. Today in some countries, such as Japan and China, jellyfish are eaten.
7. Jellyfish are approximately 95% water, 3-4% salt and 1-2% protein. They also have no heart, no eyes, no circulatory system, no gills.
9. The weight of large jellyfish can reach up to two centners, but one way or another, jellyfish are not able to resist the current.
10. Depending on the type of jellyfish, their color can be white, pink, yellow, orange, red, blue, green and multi-colored.
11. Jellyfish are able to navigate and hunt in pitch darkness.
12. Most jellyfish consist of three parts: a gelatinous body; tentacles that sting and catch prey; and an openwork mouth that absorbs food.
13. The jellyfish got its name because of its resemblance to the moving hair-snake of the legendary Gorgon Medusa from Greek mythology.
14. Jellyfish seem like supernatural creatures largely due to their strange shapes and colors. Nature created them in a special way: their body resembles an umbrella, or a bell, sometimes a ball
15. Jellyfish can live at a depth of about 10,000 m. Scientists still know very little about jellyfish, in particular, how a creature without a brain can navigate pitch darkness and actively hunt.
16. Jellyfish are often used in medicine. Even in the Middle Ages, diuretics and laxatives were made from cornet. And now medicines are produced from the venom contained in the tentacles of jellyfish to treat pulmonary diseases and regulate blood pressure.
17. Jellyfish help fight stress! In Japan, jellyfish are bred in aquariums. The smooth, leisurely movements of jellyfish calm people, although keeping jellyfish is very troublesome and expensive.
18. The box jellyfish, or as it is also called, the sea wasp, kills every year more people than any others sea creatures. Its bite can kill in 3 minutes!, and it can swim at a speed of 2 meters per second
19. The largest jellyfish The world's most famous Arctic giant jellyfish (Cyanea capillata aretica) lives in the northwestern Atlantic. One of the representatives of this species, washed ashore in Massachusetts Bay, had a bell diameter of 2.28 m, and its tentacles extended 36.5 m.