Healing climate. What climate is beneficial?
Sanatorium "Palaces" is a health resort located 54 km from the capital of Karelia, Petrozavodsk, in the first balneological and mud resort Marcial Waters, founded by Peter the Great.
The sanatorium is located in a picturesque forest, in a quiet, clean, peaceful place. Walking in the fresh air, which compares favorably with the city air, has a diverse effect on the body, increases the tone of the nervous and cardiovascular system, improves metabolic processes, normalizes sleep, and has a tempering effect. Clean, crystal air will lift the spirits of guests and their mood for the upcoming holiday.
Climate- the most important factor in restoring health. Climatic therapy at the resort consists of using various meteorological factors, their complexes and climate characteristics, as well as special dosed climatic procedures for preventive, therapeutic and rehabilitation purposes. Climate has a powerful therapeutic effect and must be considered as a potent factor.
The healing climate of the resort was formed thanks to the unique and only shungite deposits in the world, as well as the proximity of healing ferruginous sulfate-hydrocarbonate springs and sapropel silt sulfide mud, which also has healing properties.
The sanatorium is surrounded by spruce and pine forests with an admixture of aspen and birch.
The main indications for treatment at the resort are diseases of the circulatory system, diseases of the nervous system, genitourinary system, respiratory organs, digestive organs and general therapeutic course of treatment.
The acclimatization process lasts from 5 to 7 days. Therefore, a sudden change in climate (and even with short-term treatment) is a big burden for any organism. Without having time to adapt to the new area, a person is already forced to return home, where reacclimatization awaits him, lasting about the same. Therefore, a normal vacation in a different climate is considered to be a 12-14 day stay in a sanatorium, so that upon return you do not have to go straight to work, but have several days to adapt. Recovery in familiar climatic conditions does not cause significant physiological changes in the human body and allows you to choose the optimal treatment time for each patient.
Today, our Sanatorium has accumulated great practical potential in the field of resort business. Programs for prolonging youth, restoring and maintaining an active functional state in older and older people, and maintaining the level of active functionality and health in middle-aged people are of great interest.
Manshina N.V. Spa therapy for everyone. For health at the resort
CLIMATE THERAPY
Climatotherapy, climate therapy is a set of methods of prevention and treatment that use dosed exposure to climatic and weather factors and special climatic procedures on the human body.
Climate- (Greek kλίμα - inclination [of the earth's surface to the sun's rays]), - a statistical long-term weather regime characteristic of a particular area on Earth and being one of its geographical characteristics.
Medical climatology– a branch of medical science that studies the influence of climatic and weather factors on the human body, methods of their use for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.
The therapeutic and preventive effects of climate on the body are determined by a number of natural factors: geographical location of the area, altitude, distance from the sea, atmospheric pressure, temperature, air circulation and humidity, precipitation, cloudiness, intensity of solar radiation, features of the resort flora and landscape.
The main methods of climatotherapy include: aerotherapy, heliotherapy, speleotherapy, thalassotherapy,.
From the history of climate therapy
“Whoever wishes to study medicine well must, first of all, consider the seasons and their influence on man,” stated Hippocrates and warned: “be especially careful when the weather changes, during this period avoid bloodletting, cauterization and do not take up a scalpel.” In his famous treatise “On Airs, Waters and Terrains,” he outlined the essence of the influence of weather on humans. A parallel to this chapter can be considered the Chinese “Treatise of the Yellow Emperor on the Inner” (“Huang Di Nei Jing”, 3rd century BC), the oldest written monument of traditional Chinese medicine. One of the chapters examines the influence of climatic conditions, the nature of water and food on human health and illness. Chinese doctors paid special attention to movements, breathing and emotions during the changing seasons, then “the correct movement of breathing-qi... spring-summer-autumn-winter” occurs, ensuring health. The ancient healers of India paid great attention to the influence of climate. According to legend, the legendary ancient Indian doctor Jivaka advised his patient to change his place of residence in order to get rid of a chronic disease. The famous Indian doctor Sushruta mentioned among the causes of diseases not only “internal” but also “external” circumstances, including climate, the properties of water and air.“The sick person should not stay in the area where he fell ill,” believed Celsus, whom his contemporaries called the “Latin Hippocrates,” “to be cured, you must travel.” The works of Celsus, published in 1478, were the first scientific treatise on medicine. His fame and authority were so high that Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim, the famous alchemist and physician, took the name Paracelsus, which means “superior to Celsus.” At the beginning of the 16th century. Paracelsus remarked:
“Whoever studies winds, lightning and weather knows the origin of diseases.”Scientific study of the influence of climatic factors on health began only at the beginning of the 19th century, after the main principles of meteorological observations were formulated and more specific connections between climate and weather and various diseases were established. One of the first works on medical climatology was the monograph by F. P. Barsuk-Moiseev “On the influence of air, seasons and meteors on human health,” published in 1801 by the printing house of Moscow University. A great contribution to the development and establishment of medical climatology was made by the Russian climatologist and meteorologist A.I. Voeikov, who summarized his views on the problems of medical climatology in his work “Study of climates for the purposes of climatic treatment and hygiene” (1893).
S.P. paid great attention to the influence of climate on health and the course of disease. Botkin, V.A. Manassein and many other domestic clinicians. One of the founders of domestic therapy and balneology G.A. Zakharyin, in the faculty therapy course, gave a separate lecture on climatotherapy, emphasizing its importance and at the same time pointing out the doctors’ insufficient knowledge of its provisions. G.A. Zakharyin said:
“There are few diseases where the correct climatic conditions are not important. It cannot be admitted that most doctors would be well informed about climatic therapy and prescribe it correctly... on the contrary, one often sees that they expect from climatic therapy what it cannot give, and do not take advantage of what it can give.”Interest in medical climatology has increased dramatically since the 1920s. 20th century, when new resorts and sanatoriums were created in the USSR, which led to intensive migration of the population. In the established Scientific Research Institutes of Balneology, research began on the use of the healing powers of nature. In all resort areas, and especially where new sanatoriums were built, a detailed study of local climatic conditions was carried out in order to facilitate the processes of human acclimatization and the most effective use of climatotherapy procedures.
The development of medical climatology led to the identification of the main independent scientific directions in it - climatophysiology, climatopathology, climatotherapy and medical meteorology.
Climate as a natural healing factor
The climate is a universal healing factor at the resort. According to the rules of resort geography, the climatic and geographical characteristics of the resort are described first. All climatic factors (atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, wind, solar radiation, etc.) determined by altitude above sea level, latitude and longitude of the area, along with the features of the landscape, constitute the environment that affects humans in the aggregate. Landscape and climatic characteristics create the background against which other therapeutic resort factors operate most effectively.Of the geographical factors influencing the climate of a particular region, the most significant are: the geographical latitude and altitude of the area, its proximity to the sea coast, features of orography and vegetation cover, and the degree of atmospheric pollution.
Geographic latitude determines the midday height of the sun and the duration of irradiation. Solar radiation enters the upper boundary of the atmosphere and is distributed depending on cloud cover, albedo or reflectivity of the earth's surface, and the degree of air transparency. Based on geographic latitude, climates are distinguished: equatorial, subequatorial, tropical, subtropical, temperate, subarctic, arctic, subantarctic, and antarctic.
The altitude above sea level largely determines the climatic features of the area. Moreover, climate changes with altitude are much greater than changes with latitude - in the horizontal direction, which are also determined by the proximity of large water surfaces: oceans, seas, large lakes and large rivers.
The division of climate types into marine and continental determines the distribution of land and sea, the proximity of the area to the coast of the sea or ocean.
Climate has a powerful therapeutic effect and must be considered as a potent factor.
Climatophysiology is a branch of medical climatology that studies the influence on the human body of a complex of various climatic and weather factors: climate, weather, individual climatic influences (climatic procedures).
The influence of climatic factors on the state of the body is carried out reflexively through the central nervous system and through the neurohumoral route. Under natural conditions, a person is under the simultaneous influence of many natural factors, which together create the concept of weather. The most painful periods of change in weather types are tolerated, and the more contrasting and sharp this change is, the more clearly expressed are the pathological meteotropic reactions of the body.
The basis of the physiological and therapeutic effect of climate therapy is the training of thermal adaptation mechanisms, normalization of metabolic processes, changes in immunological reactivity, improvement and normalization of impaired functions of the respiratory system, hemodynamic parameters, improvement of bioelectrical activity of the brain. The aeroions that make up the air regulate the inhibitory activity of the cerebral cortex and contribute to the normalization of all physiological functions of the body.
The main types of climatotherapy are:
aerotherapy and air baths,
heliotherapy,
speleotherapy,
thalassotherapy.
Climatotherapy is an important component of such treatment methods as and.
Climatotherapy requires strict control of the tolerability of each complex and the action of their combination - the adaptation effect.
The duration of acclimatization at the resort (adaptation period) is determined individually, depending on the characteristics of the disease and the contrast of changing climatic regions. Adaptive changes have a phase character - a short-term decrease in the functions of many systems is replaced by their gradual strengthening and, finally, stabilization of functions.
During acclimatization (adaptation to the climatic conditions of the resort), tension and disruption of adaptation systems are possible, especially when moving from climate-contrasting zones, early overload with climatic procedures, weakening of adaptive capabilities, in particular with incomplete remission of the disease. In these cases, states of asthenia, vegetative-vascular dystonia, and exacerbation of the underlying disease occur. Adaptation to resort climatic conditions turns out to be insufficient until it fails - disadaptation.
During the period of adaptation (acclimatization), strong medical procedures, including climate therapy, should not be prescribed. Patients must follow a regimen that would reduce the intensity of stimuli caused by changes in climatic regions and contribute to the proper training of adaptive mechanisms.
An acclimatization period at a resort inevitably occurs when climatic conditions change, even those favorable to health. Acclimatization is always accompanied by short-term adaptive physiological changes in functional systems to ensure the necessary level of vital activity in new conditions - an adaptation reaction. Adaptation reactions manifest themselves when changing climatic zones, time zones and when taking climatic procedures during the period of spa treatment.
Desynchronosis– painful disorders, which most often manifest themselves as sleep disorders, decreased performance, and worsening of the underlying disease, which develops when the time zone shifts by 3 hours or more. The most pronounced manifestations of desynchronosis occur when moving from west to east, when the usual course of daily time is inverted.
Along with daily desynchoronosis, when moving to unusual climatic conditions, the structure of the seasonal rhythm may also be disrupted. The adverse effect on the human body is not the accelerated onset of the seasonal rhythm (when moving in the spring from the middle zone to the summer conditions of southern resorts), but its inversion, which is usually observed when traveling in the fall to the summer conditions of southern countries.
Climatopathology- a branch of medical climatology that studies the dependence of various pathological conditions on climate change, unusual (abnormal) weather changes in the usual climate.
Climatopathic reactions and meteopathic reactions are most often observed during a sharp change in climate in persons asthenized by acute or chronic diseases, as well as in the elderly and children. The predominance in climatopathic and meteopathic reactions of various symptom complexes (cerebral, cardiac, vegetative-vascular, arthralgic) or disorders of certain types of metabolism depend on the specifics of the disease and the characteristics of the unusual climate. Pathological reactions to climate change usually develop at the beginning of acclimatization and sometimes occur acutely (like stress) or gradually (like an adaptation disease (disadaptation meteoneurosis).
CHOOSING A CLIMATE RESORT
When choosing a resort, first of all, take into account the climate, since it affects the human body differently. Particular care should be taken when choosing a resort climate for weather-sensitive people.
Classification of climatic resorts
In accordance with natural landscape and climatic zones, all resorts are divided into the following types:I. Lowland continental resorts
climate type
temperate continental
sharply continental
subtropical
monsoon
a. taiga resorts
b. temperate forests,
c. forest monsoon climate temperate latitudes
d. subtropical forests
e. steppe and forest-steppe
f. semi-deserts
II. Seaside resorts, with a predominance
a. temperate forest climate
b. steppe climate
c. Mediterranean climate
d. humid subtropical climate
e. monsoon climate
f. semi-desert climate
III. Mountain resorts
a. foothills (from 100 to 500 m above sea level)
b.low-mountain resorts (from 500 to 1000 m above sea level)
c. mid-mountain lower zone (from 1000 to 1500 m above sea level)
d. mid-mountain upper zone (from 1500 to 2000 m above sea level)
e.alpine (above 2000 m above sea level)
for foothills and low mountains:
−in the temperate forest zone
−in the subtropical forest zone
− in the zone of steppes and deserts
−seaside
IV. Climatic resorts of other landscape and climatic zones
Depending on the location of the resort in the listed zones, the full characteristics of the climatic resort include landscape and climatic features and altitude above sea level. For example:
Belokurikha is a balneoclimatic foothill resort in a forest zone at an altitude of 250 m above sea level
Continental climate of forest and forest-steppe zones The European part of Russia has a mild stimulating effect. It enhances inhibition in the cerebral cortex, increases the tone of subcortical structures and centers (nervous autonomic system and thermoregulation), and increases the reduced performance of the body. Slowing and deepening breathing in the forest leads to increased pulmonary ventilation and oxygen utilization, and increased tissue respiration. G.A. Zakharyin believed that the harsh climate of Russia serves the people well, tempering them physically, and Russian nature, with its expanse of fields and fragrant forests, with its frosts and blizzards, contributes to the development of a healthy and active person; only the gifts of the climate should be used wisely. This climate has a beneficial effect on patients with diseases of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system (coronary heart disease, hypertension), those recovering from infectious diseases, and patients with functional disorders of the nervous system.
Taiga climate of coniferous forest zone, the air of which is saturated with phytoncides and terpenes, is especially indicated for patients with respiratory diseases, but is contraindicated for patients with unstable blood pressure (blood pressure), prone to hypertensive crises. The best time for rehabilitation in cardiac sanatoriums in the pine forest zone is from January to April, as well as from the end of July to December, excluding May and July, the period of maximum release of resinous substances. In summer, areas of broad-leaved forests, especially oak forests, are beneficial for cardiac patients, since oak phytoncides have a beneficial effect on blood pressure.
Steppe climate (semiarid climate of temperate latitudes) characteristic mainly of inland areas remote from oceans - sources of moisture - and usually located in the rain shadow of high mountains. Hot summers and cold winters are due to the inland location in temperate latitudes. At least one winter month has an average temperature below 0 °C, and the average temperature of the warmest summer month exceeds 21 °C. The steppe climate is less dry than the arid climate proper. The average annual precipitation is usually less than 500 mm, but more than 250 mm. The steppe climate differs from the desert climate (arid climate) by sharper temperature changes between day and night. In the steppe resorts of the European part of Russia, kumis treatment is additionally used.
The main indications for treatment at resorts with the continental climate of the steppe zone: respiratory diseases. Koumiss treatment is effective in the complex therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis.
The main regions of Russia with a semiarid climate are the intermountain basins and steppes of the Southern Urals, the Volga region, and Siberia. The most famous resorts in the steppe zone are: Yarovoe in the Altai Territory, Sol-Iletsk in the Orenburg Region.
Climate of semi-deserts and deserts– arid climate (lat. aridus– dry) temperate latitudes, – is characteristic mainly of Central Asian deserts. Temperatures are the same as in areas with a semiarid climate, however, precipitation here is insufficient for the existence of a closed natural vegetation cover and the average annual precipitation usually does not exceed 250 mm. The desert climate is characterized by long, hot and dry summers with very high average air temperatures, low humidity, and intense solar radiation. The climate of steppes and deserts promotes easier regulation of heat exchange between the skin and lungs, profuse sweating, facilitates kidney function, while the hemoglobin content and the number of red blood cells in the blood increase.
The main indications for treatment at resorts with an arid climate: kidney diseases (nephritis), respiratory diseases. Resorts of the semi-desert zone in Russia: Elton, Volgograd region, Baskunchak and Tinaki in the Astrakhan region.
Mountain climate characterized by low atmospheric pressure, partial pressure of oxygen and water vapor in the air, increased intensity of solar radiation, low temperatures in summer, clean, transparent air. A large number of negative ions in mountain air has a positive effect on the body. The air is ionized when water is sprayed (near waterfalls, stormy mountain rivers). Ionization is promoted by ultraviolet rays. At a slightly lower temperature of mountain air, performance significantly improves, attention, accuracy and coordination of movements, reaction speed, and the ability to switch from one type of work to another increase, which is used in sports medicine in preparation for competitions. Training in the mountains significantly increases the physical capabilities of athletes. The mountain climate promotes deep breathing, increased lung capacity, and improved blood composition. A person who first arrives at an altitude of over 1500 m, during physical activity, exhibits some symptoms of hypoxia - mountain sickness - which is characterized by rapid breathing and pulse, somewhat elevated mood, increased gesticulation, and accelerated speech. After some time, the body adapts (acclimatizes): the amount of hemoglobin increases, metabolism increases, and performance is restored and improved.
The most famous mountain resorts in Russia are the low-mountain resorts of Belokurikha in Siberia and Kislovodsk in the Caucasian Mineral Waters. The resort is distinguished by constant atmospheric pressure, a large number of clear and sunny days a year, moderate humidity, and the amount of air ions twice as high as in Davos in Switzerland - all this allows us to rank them among the best climatic resorts in the world. The air of the resorts is saturated with phytoncides from coniferous trees of the famous Sosnovaya Mountain in Kislovodsk and Elovaya Mountain in Belokurikha. An important resort factor is the beauty of the surrounding landscapes: the snow-white caps of the Altai Mountains, immortalized in the paintings of N.K. Roerich, and the peaks of the Caucasus, sung by A.S. Pushkin, and of course, mountain rivers - the rapid Terek, where the heroes of M.Yu. Lermontov, and rebellious in the upper reaches and majestic and unconquered at the mouth, the queen river Katun, where V.M. drew inspiration and strength. Shukshin.
Maritime climate is the main active factor in thalassotherapy. The climate of seaside resorts is characterized by relatively high atmospheric pressure, uniform temperature, clean and fresh air with a high content of ozone and sea salts, intense solar radiation, and the absence of sudden temperature changes. Staying near the sea helps to increase metabolism, enhance the secretion of the epithelium of the bronchial tree, and has a tonic, restorative and hardening effect.
Temperate maritime climate typical for seaside resorts on the Baltic Sea coast: the resort area of St. Petersburg on the coast of the Gulf of Finland, the resorts of the Kaliningrad region - Svetlogorsk, Zelenogradsk, the Pacific coast - on the Kamchatka Peninsula.
On the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus There are three different types of resorts: with a temperate steppe climate from Taman to Anapa, a zone of dry subtropics from Anapa to Tuapse and a zone of humid subtropics from Tuapse to Adler and further beyond Russia. The reason for the formation of such zoning is the height of the mountains. Up to Tuapse they are not an obstacle to moisture-carrying flows of air masses from the northwest since their height does not exceed 1000 m; from Tuapse to Sochi the mountain ranges rise to 3000 m and higher, the amount of precipitation increases, which turns the coast into a zone of humid subtropics.
750 km Black Sea coastline Crimean peninsula It is also located in different climatic zones: dry subtropical zones, the resorts of the Southern Coast of Crimea, zones of temperate marine steppe climate - the West Coast resorts of Evpatoria and Saki, the resorts of the South-Eastern coast - Feodosia and Sudak.
Primorsky steppe climate features a large number of sunny days in summer, drier air than in other coastal areas. In summer, rain is rare; the rainy season begins in October. In Russia, seaside resorts with a steppe climate are located in the steppe zone of Crimea - Evpatoria, Feodosia, Sudak, on the Azov coast Taganrog, Yeisk, the coast of the Taman and Kerch peninsulas. The features of a steppe climate are inherent in the resorts on the Black Sea coast - the Taman Peninsula and the resort of Anapa.
Mediterranean-type maritime climate with mild winters and dry hot summers, warm, with low humidity, with long sunny days, with a long swimming season, it is characteristic of the resorts of the Southern Coast of Crimea - large Yalta, Alushta, the resorts of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus from Anapa to Tuapse, the resorts of the Caspian coast of the Republic of Dagestan.
The climate of southern coastal resorts is contraindicated in the hot season (with high levels of insolation) for diseases of the thyroid gland, as well as for women with hyperestrogenism.
Maritime climate of the humid subtropics zone– resorts on the Black Sea coast from Tuapse to Sochi – the only region of humid subtropics in Russia and the world’s northernmost region. Sochi is considered a city of “three seasons” - summer in Sochi begins in early May, ends at the end of October, smoothly flowing into autumn, which lasts from November to mid-January, already in February, with the flowering of many trees, spring begins, lasting until the end April. Temperatures rarely drop below 0°C in winter.
The climate of the humid subtropics is contraindicated for diseases of the cardiovascular system during the period of stuffy weather.
Monsoonal maritime climate typical for resorts in the south of the Far East - the Vladivostok group of resorts.
The coastal climate is indicated for diseases of the circulatory system, musculoskeletal, nervous and endocrine systems.
River cruises or travel have a high healing effect, which is due to exceptionally clean air, saturated with air ions, as well as the absence of pitching, inevitable during sea travel. Professor N.F. thought so. Golubov, who from 1884 to 1891 monitored the health status of travelers along the Volga. At the resort congress of 1915, Golubov made a proposal that special sanatorium ships should sail along the Volga and Kama in the summer months. 100 years later, the four-deck sanatorium-motor ship “Mikhail Frunze” sails along the Volga. The priority is still to use natural factors and drug-free methods in treatment: hydrotherapy, manual therapy, reflexology, massage. Clean river air, gradual, consistent changes in climatic zones along the route, picturesque natural landscapes create all the conditions for recovery.
General indications for climatotherapy
- Respiratory diseases (for bronchial asthma and respiratory allergies, the flowering season must be taken into account);
- Diseases of the circulatory system,
- Skin diseases;
- Conditions after severe illnesses;
- Asthenic syndrome, states of immunocompromise.
Consulting a doctor when choosing a vacation spot is required!
Climate change is contraindicated
- Patients with severe atherosclerosis of cerebral and coronary vessels, with heart failure;
- For diseases of the thyroid gland (thyrotoxicosis);
- For kidney diseases (nephritis);
- For any disease in the acute stage;
- For patients with vitiligo, as well as gynecological diseases associated with hyperestrogenism, climatic resorts with high insolation are contraindicated.
Part I. Spa therapy methods
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Manshina N.V. Spa therapy for everyone. For health at the resort: M, Veche, 2007, p. 596 (29—34)
Photos from open sources
Climatic treatment is a set of measures that includes:
1) prolonged exposure to air;
2) air baths;
3) sun exposure.
Climatic treatment, as a rule, is combined with a motor regimen.
In the overall complex complex of therapeutic effects on the body, aerotherapy takes pride of place. Maximum stay of patients in the air, rest, etc. is necessary. sleeping on verandas, walking, etc.
Aerotherapy is a universal procedure - it is useful for all categories of patients. At the same time, the role and significance of this therapeutic factor is clearly underestimated by patients. There are often cases when patients spend hours in the wards, getting carried away by excessive reading during rest or playing dominoes, checkers, and chess.
The leading Russian clinician S.P. Botkin wrote: “The patient, having the opportunity to stay in the air for a long time, is in the best conditions for hematopoiesis and nutrition, which significantly affects the reduction of irritability of the nervous system.”
Prof. spoke well about the importance of fresh air for the patient. V. L. Einis: “The patient eats well if he breathes well.”
It must be remembered that a person spends two thirds of his life at home or at work, that is, indoors.
One of the main healing factors in the Berezovsky Mineral Waters sanatorium is the climate.
The climate here is moderate continental, with cool winters and moderately warm summers. This gave reason to recognize for a long time that the Berezovsky Mineral Waters sanatorium is located in good climatic conditions.
The resort area is the slope of the watershed between the Dnieper and Donets basins in the Uda River valley. This beautiful area, located far from large settlements, is surrounded by a park with rich vegetation.
N.P. Ivanov noted that “the climate is steppe, healthy, the hills along the banks of the Uda River are covered with forests, partly protecting the area from northern and northeastern winds.”
The territory of the sanatorium meets the requirements. It is isolated from populated areas, there are no industrial enterprises, transport roads, etc. near it.
In the upper and lower parks of the resort, old trees grow densely and next to them young trees, planted in large numbers in recent years. In spring, the park has very picturesque thickets of bird cherry and lilac. There are many beautifully decorated flower beds in the park: multi-colored gladioli, dahlias, many beautiful cannas, tobacco, and petunias saturate the air with a wonderful aroma and give the area a beautiful and elegant look.
The lush vegetation of the resort park protects water sources from drying out, supplies the air with oxygen, softens the summer heat, and provides shade in many corners of the park where patients rest.
In the park and in the small forests located nearby there are a lot of mushrooms: saffron milk caps, honey fungus, boletus, etc.
Its own park area of 32 hectares, nearby forests and fields create a picturesque landscape and a favorable microclimate. Thus, the Berezovsky Mineral Waters sanatorium is not only a drinking and balneological resort, but also an excellent climatic forest-steppe station.
The sanatorium has created conditions under which the patient can spend a long time in the fresh air (gazebos, pavilions, verandas, walking routes, etc.).
Patients often ask how long should they walk? The famous clinician A. A. Ostroumov answered this question as follows: “Exactly as much as the patient can without getting tired.” "There is only one measure - do not get tired." “Any fatigue is harmful, because it depletes the body’s energy reserves.”
The Berezovsky Mineral Waters sanatorium has an equipped aerosolarium, where patients take air and sun baths.
An air bath is a person’s stay naked in the air, in a place protected from direct sunlight. At the same time, the rays of the sun scattered in the air and reflected from the surface of the earth and surrounding objects fall on the human body.
Air baths cause appropriate physiological reactions in the body, leading to increased muscle tone, increased metabolic processes, stimulation of hematopoiesis, increasing the body's resistance to various harms. Air baths - lying or sitting naked in an aerosolium - also play an important role in reducing excitability and irritability in easily excitable patients, causing good sleep and appetite. The best time for treatment in an aerosolarium is from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. During the cold season, indoor air baths can be recommended.
Patients at the Berezovsky Mineral Waters resort are provided with lightweight aluminum beds, on which they sit in groups or alone in open meadows or in the shade of trees. Here patients take air baths, sometimes in the sun, and often spend a “quiet” hour in the air.
The duration of the air baths is initially 10-15 minutes, then increases daily by 10-15 minutes and reaches 11/2-2 hours. Air baths are important as a means of “hardening” the body.
Heliotherapy, or sun treatment, was given great importance in the distant past. So, back in Ancient Greece, on one of the temples there was the following inscription: “Only the sun with its radiant light gives life.”
“Greek and subsequently Roman doctors noticed that some diseases can be cured by prolonged sun exposure. Medicine has noticed that people who took sunbathing in the summer suffer less from colds in the fall and winter, and if they do get sick, the disease goes away much easier and without complications , which often pose a greater danger than the disease itself." (V.V. Efimov).
Proper use of sunbathing increases the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood, and this, in turn, leads to increased absorption of oxygen from the external environment, thereby increasing the performance of both the nervous system and muscles.
Sun treatment (heliotherapy) is one of the elements of complex treatment and an extremely powerful healing factor, but requires great care and precision in dosage.
The duration of sunbathing is strictly individualized depending on the disease and condition of the body. The usual course starts with 5 minutes, and then with each irradiation the session increases by 5 minutes and is gradually increased to 40 minutes. It is necessary to expose all parts of the body to radiation evenly. A sunbath is taken on a sunbed in an aerosolarium. The head is protected from the sun with a special shield. After a sunbath, patients rest for 10-15 minutes in the shade and then take a cool shower.
A shower, as a water procedure, not only cleanses and refreshes the skin, but also tones the nervous system. Sun treatment is carried out only as prescribed by the attending physician and under the supervision of a nurse. Excessive sunbathing easily leads to dizziness, nausea, palpitations, etc. If you do not follow the doctor's instructions, this can aggravate the underlying disease and worsen your general condition. Improper use of sunbathing can cause skin burns and sunstroke. It must be remembered that beyond the visible rays there are so-called invisible rays - infrared and ultraviolet. Infrared rays have the ability to greatly heat objects on which they fall, ultraviolet rays have the ability to kill many types of microbes.
Prolonged exposure to the sun with an open body is motivated by patients with the desire to tan. However, with proper use of sunbathing, tanning occurs towards the end of treatment, and therefore there is no need to force it. Severely tanned skin absorbs the sun's rays more and reflects them significantly less. And this leads to the fact that the absorbed solar energy is converted into heat, as a result of which tanned skin sweats more easily. Tanning does not allow the most valuable biologically active ultraviolet rays to pass through and turns them into heat, which the human body does not need under these conditions.
“A strong tan prevents the absorption of the most active sun rays (ultraviolet) and their transformation into nervous energy. That is why you need to tan moderately and gradually” (V.V. Efimov).
“It is very important to remember that any type of climatic treatment is a factor that actively affects the entire body.”
It must be remembered that the sun... "certainly intervenes very actively in the biological life of the planet."
“Nowadays, for scientists studying the influence of the Sun’s activity on living organisms of the Earth, it is quite obvious that not only the very existence of life, but also many of its manifestations, in particular diseases, depend on our luminary.”
Abuse of solar energy in the form of uncontrolled sunbathing, taken excessively, can lead to acute diseases (heart attack, stroke, etc.) and to exacerbation of chronic diseases, especially during periods of increased solar activity, which occurs, as is currently established , every 11 years and 1 month."
The methods of climatic treatment used in the Berezovsky Mineral Waters sanatorium also include playing on sports grounds and walking along existing routes. In these cases, climate therapy is combined with a motor regimen.
On the territory of the sanatorium there is pond No. 2 with a mirror surface of 8 hectares. Bathing is carried out here as prescribed by doctors, which undoubtedly gives a beneficial effect for a number of diseases, helps improve appetite, metabolism, strengthens the nervous system, and hardens the body. At the same time, swimming in a pond is a great physical strain on the patient’s body, so you must follow the established rules. You can swim only with the permission of your doctor. Before swimming, you should rest in the shade, enter the water slowly, and it is not recommended to enter the water sweaty. It is useful to start bathing with 3-5 minutes once a day, bringing its duration to 10-15 minutes. After eating, you can swim only 1 */2-2 hours later. The best time for swimming is midday.
Climatotherapy is the dosed use of climatic factors for medicinal purposes. Climatic features are natural biostimulants of the body, normalizing its resistance to adverse environmental influences.
The body's resistance to diseases increases, metabolism is stimulated and normalized, and there is an undeniable positive effect on a person's emotional and psychological health.
A physiotherapist prescribes one or another spa treatment depending on the presence of certain diseases and the person’s state of health.
Warm, dry climate of the steppes characterized by high air temperature, intense solar insolation, low humidity, and clean air. Under these conditions, the body releases moisture by evaporating water from the surface of the skin and mucous membranes. Thus, an enhanced excretory function of the skin appears, which facilitates the functioning of the kidneys, thereby improving their function. Metabolism and excretory function of the skin are normalized, the mucous membranes and skin are “dryed out,” which has a positive effect in inflammatory processes.
Mountain climate It is characterized by clean, rarefied ionized air, low humidity, low cloud cover, high solar radiation, low atmospheric pressure, relatively low air temperature, and intense winds. Under the influence of a mountain climate, a person’s heart rate and breathing first become faster and then (after adaptation) slow down, the vital capacity of the lungs increases, basal and mineral metabolism increases, and the amount of hemoglobin and red blood cells in the blood increases. A trip to a ski resort will be no less useful even if you have no desire to ski. Ski resorts offer all kinds of entertainment in addition to skiing: hiking and horseback riding in the mountains, cycling, spa treatments. And it is not at all necessary to go to an expensive and prestigious resort. Elbrus region, Dombay, Krasnaya Polyana have long been known and popular among our compatriots.
Maritime climate characterized by high atmospheric pressure, small temperature fluctuations, high humidity, absence of dust and microorganisms in the air, content of mineral salts and their ions in the air, high oxygen saturation, large amounts of ozone, increased aeroionization. In addition, the composition of sea water is unique: potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron, barium, chromium, iodine, chlorine, manganese, arsenic, silver, gold, uranium, radium. All these substances have a beneficial effect on the human body, acting through skin receptors. Solar radiation is rich in UV rays, as a huge amount of them is reflected from the surface of the sea. The climate on the seashore depends on the geographical location of the area, the nature of the surface of the continent adjacent to the sea, and the winds blowing from the land at night and from the sea during the day.
Climatotherapy prescribed in three variants: weak, moderate and intense effects. Usually used as therapeutic procedures aero-, helio- and thalassotherapy.
Aerotherapy- use of fresh air for therapeutic purposes. It is used in three options: staying in the air with clothes on, sleeping in the air (day and night) and air baths.
Air baths are the most active hardening type of aerotherapy, especially at low air temperatures.
- According to option 1 (weak impact) at air temperatures above 20 °C,
- According to option 2 (moderate exposure) - at an air temperature of at least 17 °C,
- According to option 3 (intensive exposure) - at a temperature of 13−16 ° C and below (for hardened people).
Heliotherapy- treatment with sun rays. During heliotherapy, the human body is exposed to three types of solar radiation: direct (directly from the Sun), diffused (from the sky), reflected (from various surfaces). The biological effects of sunlight consist of infrared, ultraviolet and visible rays. The bactericidal effect of sunlight is less than that of artificial UV rays and less intense redness occurs, while darkening of the skin from the action of sunlight is much greater than from artificial ones! Heliotherapy is carried out in the form of sun-air baths, which are dosed in biodoses.
Thalassotherapy— complex treatment with sea climate and bathing. During sea bathing, our body experiences many pleasant factors: thermal (water temperature), mechanical (hydromassage of the body with waves), chemical (the most complex water-salt composition of sea water and air), photochemical (the effect of sunlight penetrating into sea water) . The human reaction to bathing consists of two phases: primary cooling and active warming. In the first phase, there is a short-term constriction of skin vessels (30-60 s) and a rush of blood to the internal organs, an increase in blood pressure, and deepening of breathing. In the second phase, body temperature rises due to a rush of blood to the organs, and skin vessels dilate. In this way, thermoregulation processes in the body are improved.
Sea bathing is a powerful procedure that has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems, helps normalize metabolism, as well as heal wounds, ulcers and other skin lesions.
Nature is one of the most powerful factors (and undoubtedly pleasant ones) that help restore vitality to the body: emotional and physical. That is why this treatment method is one of the most popular. It is recommended for both adults and children. However, it is necessary to remember the correct duration of such treatment and compliance with all doctor’s recommendations.
« There are few diseases where correct climatic conditions are not important. It cannot be admitted that most doctors would be well informed about climatic therapy and prescribe it correctly... On the contrary, one often sees that people expect from climatic therapy what it cannot give, and do not take advantage of what it can give.”
G.A. Zakharyin, one of the founders of Russian therapy and balneology
Climate is a universal healing factor at the resort.
According to the rules of resort geography, it is the climatic and geographical characteristics of any resort that are described first.
After all, a person is collectively affected by atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, wind, and solar radiation. They are also determined by the altitude above sea level, latitude and longitude of the area.
It is the landscape and climatic characteristics that create the background against which other therapeutic resort factors operate most effectively.
History of climate therapy
E Hippocrates wrote in his writings about the influence of climate on health and
features of the course of the disease.
Two centuries later, Galen sent patients with consumption to the sea or to the mountains for treatment.
ABOUT However, scientific study of the effects of climate on health was still a long way off. It only began in the 19th century. thanks to S.P. Botkin, V.A. Manassein and other clinicians.
IN during 1884-1891 Professor M.I. Golubov monitored the health of more than 250 travelers along the Volga. As a result of these studies, he noted the high healing effect of water travel, linking it exclusively with clean air saturated with air ions.
Acclimatization
TO climate is a powerful factor, as it has a powerful therapeutic effect. Therefore, any move to an area with changed climatic conditions (even favorable for health) is invariably accompanied by short-term adaptive physiological changes in many functional systems. This is a natural reaction of adaptation to new conditions.
Uscientists have established that when the time zone shifts by 3 hours or more, painful disorders can develop in the body - desynchronosis. It can manifest itself in sleep disturbance, decreased performance, and worsening of the underlying disease.
N the most pronounced changes occur when moving from west to east, when an inversion of the usual course of daily time occurs.
N The adverse effect on the human body is not the accelerated onset of the seasonal rhythm (when moving in the spring from the middle zone to the summer conditions of southern resorts), but its inversion, which is usually observed when traveling in autumn during the summer conditions of southern countries.
Adaptation reactions have a phase character. A short-term decline in the functions of many systems is replaced by their gradual strengthening and further stabilization.
Climatotherapy
IN When choosing a resort, you must first of all take into account the particularities of its climate. People who are weather sensitive should approach this most responsibly.
Climate therapy involves the use of various meteorological factors.
Biological effect of climate:
Calms and tones the nervous system,
Improves the regulation of life processes (activates metabolism, respiratory function, blood circulation, digestion),
Increases resistance to infectious diseases.
Carrying out climatotherapy requires strict control.
Climate scientists
“Among such nature, all everyday worries, all worries fall silent, and a magical picture embraces the soul, strengthens it, arouses noble feelings. In addition to these beauties, which have such a powerful effect on the nervous system, the climate is certainly healthy, the air is clean and filled with the balsamic scent of pine and spruce forests; mineral springs are in abundance...
I have been sending patients there for over ten years now, and the results I get are simply miraculous. From the very first day upon arrival, a pleasant excitement of all functions of the nervous system is felt, patients feel cheerful, cheerful, mobile, strong; the mind becomes clear, breathing is light and pleasant, appetite increases, digestion becomes easy, and after a few weeks digestion improves, the amount of hemoglobin and blood cells increases and all functions become correct.”
Dr. T.L. Triantafyllidess,
From the report onI Congress of Climatology, Hydrology and Balneology, St. Petersburg, 1898 - on the climate of the Caucasus
TO climate of Evpatoria seaside-steppe , with little precipitation, falling mainly in the cold season.
Moderately warm, dry, stable.
Without sharp fluctuations in temperature and atmospheric pressure.
It features a wonderful combination of steppe and sea air.
H Due to the absence of mountains, the simplest air is in constant movement, bringing either the aromas of the sea or the aromas of steppe grasses.
Promotes reducing some types of allergic reactions.
This wonderful air cocktail is perfect for general health and recuperation.
The human body from the middle zone quickly and easily adapts to local climatic conditions.
The local climate is often compared with the climate of resort areas in northern Italy and southern France. In addition, it is much softer than in Israel.