Where does the Vychegda flow? Vychegda River, Russia
Meanders (bends) of the Vychegda River - its main sign, and a unique distinctive detail of the landscape of this section of the territory. In the photo - the meanders of the Vychegda near the city of Syktyvkar - the capital of Komi.
Geography
The Vychegda originates on the southern slopes of the Timan Ridge, in the Dzyur-Nyur swamp, from the confluence of two streams - Lun-Bozh and Voy-Vozh.
Leaking in south direction, the river describes a huge S-shaped 300-kilometer loop. In the upper reaches the valley is relatively narrow - up to 40 m. Here near the river fast current, the channel is rapids, the banks are low and marshy, there are cliffs exposing white limestone outcrops in places where karst develops. Relatively recently, there was a centuries-old taiga here, but everything along the banks has been cut down.
The upper reaches of the Vychegda are very winding, the river meanders every 100-200 m, and there are many oxbow lakes everywhere. The vegetation along the banks is mainly larch, pine, spruce and birch, with some cedar.
The first large village from the mouth is Pomozdino, connected by road to the village of Troitsko-Pechorsk on Pechora. This is an old road 140 km long; it was laid through the taiga to transport timber from Pechora in 1859. Along the Vychegda and down the Northern Dvina, construction larch was floated to, from where the timber went to Western Europe, To France.
At Pomozdin, the width of the river increases to 100 m. There is no regular navigation on the Upper Vychegda; previously, ships could only go upstream above the village of Ust-Nem in the spring, and even then not for long: navigation on the Upper Vychegda lasted only about two weeks. Summer in Vychegda upper reaches turns into a shallow, narrow river that can be forded. Navigation along the entire course is complicated by the instability of the riverbed and the mobility of sands: according to these indicators, the Vychegda ranks one of the first places in Russia.
Near the confluence of the Nem River, the Vychegda valley expands to 20 km, it becomes flat, changes direction to the west, and from here the Middle Vychegda begins.
The only straight section on Srednyaya Vychegda long length- a stretch stretching for about 30 km, but man had a hand in it. In the 19th century there was a rather large bend here, which was straightened to improve navigation conditions.
In some places the river divides into branches, flowing around the islands. The shores in some places are an outcrop of layered limestone and multi-colored clays, sometimes very high: the clay slope near the village of Kortkeros rises to a height of about 40 m.
The bed of the Vychegda is mostly sandy, and during low water periods, many sandbanks open in the river, which not only narrow water flow, but also make it more tortuous. In some places, river boats have to turn 90° due to side effects. All along the banks of the Vychegda there are trees that have fallen from the washed-out bank: the river erodes the bank at a speed of up to 25 m/year.
The river is very muddy along its entire course.
The Vychegda freezes in early November, starting from the upper reaches, and within 10 days the freeze-up spreads throughout the entire river. In the fall, before freeze-up on the Vychegda, ice jams (accumulations) often occur, and then the water can rise to 4.5 m. The river opens up at the end of April.
The established division of Vychegda is into Upper (from the source to the confluence of the Nem River), Middle (from Nem to Sysola) and Lower (Sysola to the mouth).
There are many ancient villages and hamlets along the banks of the Vychegda. The water of this river and its tributaries is the main source of water supply in the Komi Republic.
The Lower Vychegda begins after the Sysola River flows into it, at the mouth of which stands the capital of the Komi Republic - Syktyvkar. This is the most Big city on the river. Until 1930, it bore the name Ust-Sysolsk corresponding to its location; later it began to be called in the Komi language: “Syktyv” is the name of Sysola in the Komi language, “kar” is a city. The first written mention of the city is contained in documents from 1586.
Below Syktyvkar, the turns of the river are no longer so steep, stretches of stretches are becoming more common, and the river is getting larger. The width of its valley reaches 40 km, and the channel approaches an average of 400 m, and closer to the mouth it already exceeds 700 m. The river is followed by rapids one after another, including the famous Parchegsky ones.
The banks of the Lower Vychegda are predominantly sandy; in some places, multi-colored clays are exposed on the cliffs: red, blue, yellow-brown and white.
Towns and cities are increasingly found in these places. As a result of frequent changes in the direction of the riverbed, cities that were once built on the banks of the Vychegda (for example, Solvychegodsk and Yarensk) now find themselves several kilometers away from it. And since the river erodes the bank, river workers had to make a cut in the river bends and divert the main flow of the Vychegda away from populated areas. In the past, when there was no such thing technical capabilities, due to changes in the river bed, cities and villages had to be moved - and even several times.
The most significant changes in the channel usually occur in the spring, when the current speed is highest in the year and carries maximum amount sediment Wherein highest height the flood occasionally rises to almost 8 m. And then the wide floodplain of the Vychegda is completely flooded, forming huge floods with an area of tens of square kilometers. But just as quickly as she rises, big water subsides.
The Vychegda and its tributaries have long been used as a trade route to the Kama and Siberia; portages went from the upper reaches of the tributaries to the basins of other rivers. Ensuring navigation required enormous efforts: dredging, construction of stream-directing dams, dams, and relocation of the fairway. Due to the cessation of dredging, navigation is currently carried out only in the lower reaches - from the village of Ust-Kulom (693 km from the mouth) to the village of Voldino (935 km) - during the short high-water spring period.
The village of Yarensk was founded in 1384 as the Yerensky town. It stood on the northern route to the Urals, which had a beneficial effect on its development. In 1780, by decree of Catherine II, Yarensk received the status county town and coat of arms. For several centuries, Yarensk was the center of a large county, first in the Siberian and Arkhangelogorod provinces, and then in the Vologda province. It was a place of exile for especially important state criminals.
The village of Ust-Vym has been known since 1373, the village of Aikino - since the beginning of the 16th century, and Ust-Kulom - since 1638. Among the most famous cities- Solvychegodsk, founded in the 14th century: in the 16th century. annual salt production there reached 11 thousand tons. In the village of Kazhim, on a tributary of the Sysol, the buildings of an 18th-century iron foundry have been preserved. In the area where the Vychegda flows into Northern Dvina stands the city of Kotlas.
general information
Location: north of the European part of Russia.
Administrative affiliation : Komi Republic and Arkhangelsk region.
Water system: Northern Dvina - White Sea.
Source: Timan Ridge.
Estuary: Northern Dvina (Kotlas).
Nutrition: mixed (melt water - 51%, groundwater - 27%, rain - 22%). Spring flood, summer and winter low water.
Freeze-up: November-April.
Tributaries: left - Nem, Northern Keltma, Southern Mylva, Lokchim, Sysola and Viled; right - Vol, Vishera, Vym, Elva and Yarenga.
Settlements : Syktyvkar - 245,313 people, Kotlas - 61,902 people, Koryazhma - 37,092 people, village. Vychegda - 12,786 people, village. Yarensk - 4441 people, Solvychegodsk - 2098 people. (2017).
Languages: Russian, Komi-Zyrian.
Ethnic composition : Russians, Komi.
Religion: Orthodoxy.
Currency unit : Russian ruble.
Numbers
Length: 1130 km (900 km - Komi Republic, 230 km - Arkhangelsk region).
Pool area : 121,000 km 3 .
Water consumption: 599 m 3 /s (Syktyvkar), 1160 m 3 /s (mouth).
Source height: 400 m.
Mouth height: 80 m.
Climate and weather
Moderately continental.
Winters are long and cold, summers are short and warm.
Average January temperature : -13°C.
Average temperature in July : +17.5°C.
Average annual precipitation : 600 mm.
Relative humidity : 80%.
Economy
River navigation (piers Solvychegodsk, Yarensk, Mezhog, Aikino, Syktyvkar, Ust-Kulom).
River fishing.
Water tourism.
Attractions
Natural
Parchega rifts
Lakes Evty, Kadam, Donskoye and Sindorskoye
Viola reserves, Kazhymsky botanical and Vising grayling reserves
Historical
Settlement Karybyiv (Aikino, XI-XII centuries)
Cult
Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands (Koryazhma, 1746), St. The Supreme Apostles Peter and Paul (Ust-Kulom, 1799-1811), the Resurrection of Christ (Ust-Kulom, 1857)
Cultural
Yarensky local history museum (1905)
Kotlas Museum of Local Lore (1964)
Museum of History and Culture of the Sysolsky District (Vizinga, 1970)
Syktyvkar city
Stefanovskaya Square
Opera and Ballet Theater of the Komi Republic (1958)
National Music and Drama Theater (1992)
Svyato-Stefanovsky Cathedral (2001)
National Museum of the Komi Republic
National Gallery of the Komi Republic
Finno-Ugric ethnopark
Museum of the History of the Timber Industry Complex
City of Solvychegodsk
Vvedensky Monastery (1693)
Church of the Savior (1697, 1730, 1892)
Annunciation Cathedral (1584, rebuilt in 1826)
House of the Pyankov merchants (first half of the 19th century)
Historical and Art Museum (1919)
House-monument to political exiles
Curious facts
The main version of the origin of the name of the river is from the ancient Mansi “vich” - damp meadow and “egda” - river. That is, the Vychegda is “a river flowing among low, damp, swampy meadows.” The version is all the more plausible because this description corresponds to her character for most of the course. In the Komi-Zyryan language, the name of the river sounds like Ezhva - from “ezh” - turf, young grass and “va” - river, which translated means “meadow river” and is similar in meaning to the Mansi name. Exists alternative version The translation of the name of the river from the Komi language is “yellow water”. Indeed, due to sediment, the water in the river is always cloudy, similar in color to tea with milk.
1,137 tributaries collect water for the Vychegda, not counting streams up to 10 km long, of which there are more than 23 thousand in its basin.
Only in three places does the depth of the river reach or exceed 10 m. In the area of the Ust-Lokchim pier there is a hole 11 m deep, at the Laborom pier there is a depression 10 m deep, and the deepest hole on the river is 15 m 50 km above the city of Syktyvkar near the village Maji.
Because of large quantity bends in the riverbed, fairly strong currents and narrow riverbeds great danger for local shipping it is a suvod. This is the name given to the rotational movement of water in a river behind a bank ledge protruding into the riverbed, under a steep cliff protruding into the river. On the Vychegda, the suvod is especially noticeable; it can cover half the width of the river and easily leads a river vessel away from the fairway.
In 1964, a meteorite was found near the village of Pomozdino in the Komi Republic, which was named “Pomozdino”. It is kept in the collection of the Committee on Meteorites of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The meteorite is oblong, small, measuring 15x5x5 cm, weighing 327 g. It is of complex origin, belongs to rare type meteorites, which make up no more than 8% of those found on earth. It was discovered by chance by local schoolchildren.
In the 14th century a few kilometers downstream from Solvychegodsk, at the mouth of the Chernaya River, stood the city of Chernigov. During one of the high floods, the Vychegda washed away and collapsed part of the coastal slope near its walls into the water. Then, year after year, the river persistently washed away the walls of the city. Chernigov residents were forced to move their houses 1.5 km downstream, establishing there new town- Choice. However, Choice was also destroyed by the river.
Coat of arms former city, and now the village of Yarensk, approved by Empress Catherine II in 1780, represents in the upper part the Vologda coat of arms, like a provincial one, and in the lower part there is an image of a pair of squirrels jumping across a field. In the description of the coat of arms, this is described as “two squirrels of natural color in a silver field, meaning that the inhabitants of this city make a rather significant trade in the skins of those animals.”
Yarensk was a place of exile for especially important state criminals. So, in the 17th century. Vasily Golitsyn (1643-1714) was exiled here - statesman and the de facto head of the Russian government during the regency of Princess Sofia Alekseevna, whose favorite he was.
The name of the village Kortkeros is translated from the Komi language as “iron mountain”: “kort” - “iron”, “keros” - mountain, hill. Archaeologists suggest that Kortkeros was one of the centers of local metallurgy: they found work clothes, clay crucibles for smelting iron, and stone pestles for grinding ore in the vicinity of the village. And in the vicinity of the village there are many places with an “iron” name: Kortyag (Iron Forest), Kortty (Iron Lake), Kortvis (Iron Channel).
In 1785-1822. From the Northern Keltma, a tributary of the Vychegda, to the Southern Keltma, a tributary of the Kama, the North Catherine Canal, 20 km long, was dug, connecting the Vychegda (Northern Dvina basin) with the Kama (Volga basin). The canal was used for 16 years. But due to the low level of development of the region at that time, the canal was practically not in demand, and in 1836 its operation ceased. Currently, the canal is a ditch with banks overgrown with birches. In the northern part of the canal, the remains of old hydraulic structures have been preserved.
Until 1930, Syktyvkar wore the name corresponding to its location Russian name Ust-Sysolsk. Later it began to be called in the Komi language: “Syktyv” is the name of Sysola in the Komi language, “kar” is a city. During its existence it also bore the names Ust-Sysola, Syktyvdin, Syktyvdinpom and Kar. The possibility of renaming the city Vladimir-Lenin in 1924 and Joseph-Stalin in the 1930s was considered.
The Vychegda is a river that is located in the northern European part of the Russian Federation in the Komi Republic, as well as the Arkhangelsk region. This is the most large influx Northern Dvina. The length of the river reaches 1,130 kilometers; the basin has an area of up to 121,000 square kilometers. The relief of the basin was formed as a result of repeated glaciations, especially the final transgression North Sea. The river has a flat surface, average height reaches 120-150 meters. The river valleys are wide, alluvial, without terraces. River basin has complex Permian deposits (clays, marls), Carboniferous limestones, Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks, which are covered by Quaternary deposits. Look at .
River hydrology
Hydrological and landscape conditions Lower River Vychegda is very similar to the conditions Middle River Vychegda. The river is fed by snow (43-48 percent), a significant part groundwater(up to 35-40 percent), thus this is explained by the proliferation of karst rocks (dolomite, limestone). Water content ranges from 162 to 601 cubic meters per second. During spring floods, the river level can rise by several meters and flood the floodplain for kilometers in width. On average, per year near the mouth, water is consumed in the amount of 1160 cubic meters per second. Where is it in the USA? Find out here.
The Vychegda River admits 1137 tributaries. Of these, the largest are: Vol, Vym, Vishera, Elva, Yarenga on the right side; South Mylva, North Keltma, Nem, Lokchim, Viled, Sysola left side. Separate part tributaries of great fishery importance: the Vym and Northern Keltma. IN spring time the Vychegda River is navigable to the Voldino pier, and in autumn period Directly to Ust-Kulom the distance here is approximately 693 kilometers. With its instability of the riverbed and maneuverability of the sands, the Vychegda ranks first in Russia, thereby complicating the provision of navigation.
Geographical encyclopedia
River in the north of the European part Russian Federation, right tributary of the North. Dvina. 1130 km, area bass. 121 thousand km². Average water flow 1160 m³/s. Splavnaya. Navigable to the Voldino pier (938 km). On the Vychegda city of Syktyvkar,... ... Big encyclopedic Dictionary
VYCHEGDA, a river in the north of the European part of Russia, the right tributary of the Northern Dvina. ISO km, pl. basin 121 thousand km2. Average water flow 1160 m3/s. Splavnaya. Navigable to the Voldino pier (938 km). On Vychegda. Syktyvkar, Solvychegodsk, Kotlas... ...Russian history
Exist., number of synonyms: 1 river (2073) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary
Right tributary of the North. Dvina; in the Komi language it is called Ežva - from ež turf, young grass and va river (see Vikhm. - Uotila, 43), therefore it is believed that the name Vychegda should contain a word with a similar meaning; Wed Khanty vanǯi grass, vanča, Mansi vānsiŋ… … Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language by Max Vasmer
A river in the north of European Russia, a right tributary of the Northern Dvina. 1130 km, basin area 121 thousand km2. Average water flow 1160 m3/s. Splavnaya. Navigable to the Voldino pier (938 km). On Vychegda the cities of Syktyvkar, Solvychegodsk, Kotlas... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Vychegda- Sp Výčegda Ap Vychegda/Vychegda L u. RF Archangelsko sr. ir Komijoje… Pasaulio vietovardžiai. Internetinė duomenų bazė
Vychegda- river, pp. North. Dvina; Komi Republic and Arkhangelsk region. Name from other mans. vichegda is a damp meadow and always a river, i.e. the Vychegda river flows among low, damp, swampy meadows, which corresponds to its character for most of its course. On the… … Toponymic dictionary
A river in the Komi ASSR and the Arkhangelsk region of the RSFSR, the largest tributary of the Northern Dvina (right). Length 1130 km, basin area 121 thousand km2. It originates on the southern edge of the Timan Ridge. In the upper reaches the valley is narrow, cut in at 20–40 m,… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia
River of Vologda province, right tributary of the Northern Dvina; due to its size and abundance of water, many people mistake it for the upper reaches of the Northern Dvina. The river is formed in the Vologda province. in the vast parmas that make up the watershed between the V. and Pechora basins.... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Books
- Reserved North/The Russian North, . Real book addressed to the sources of this vast and beautiful region on the northern borders of our country. The album describes lakes Ladoga and Onega; Onega River; Belomorye; Northern River...
- History of the Kotlas installation site of the Sevzapenergomontazh trust under the Arkhangelsk installation department, Anatoly Ruzhansky. The place where the Kotlas pulp and paper mill, the largest in Europe, was built, has a rich historical past. The village of Koryazhma, Kotlas district, Arkhangelsk region, is the current…
The name of the river comes from the words of the Mansi language: “vich” - damp meadow and “egda” - river, i.e. a river flowing through swampy meadows. The Komi people called Vychegda Ezhva, which means “yellow water.”
The river has been used since ancient times as waterway To Northern Urals and further to Siberia. Russian settlements on the banks of the river appeared in the 13th century. Syktyvkar, Yarensk and Solvychegodsk were first mentioned in written documents from the 14th–16th centuries. In 1859, a road was built from Troitsko-Pechorsk (on the Pechora River) to Pomozdino (on the Vychegda River) to deliver timber to Arkhangelsk and further by sea to Europe. In 1860, the first batch of Pechora larch was delivered to France. At the end of the 18th–19th centuries. The North Catherine Canal was built, connecting the basins of the Vychegda and Kama rivers.
But due to the low level of development of the region at that time, the canal was practically not in demand by the middle of the 19th century. was virtually abandoned. Currently, the canal is a ditch with banks overgrown with birches. In the northern part of the canal, the remains of old hydraulic structures have been preserved, which attracts the interest of tourists to the canal.
The river originates on the slopes of the Timan Ridge in the Dzyur-Nor swamp. The length of the river is 1130 km, the area of the basin, 90% occupied by forests and 5% by swamps, is 121 thousand km 2 - the largest tributary of the Northern Dvina in terms of basin area and length. The river is formed at the confluence of the Lun-Bozh and Voy-Bozh streams. The main tributaries of the Vychegda: Vishera, Vym and Yarenga (right), Nem, Northern Keltma, Lokchim, Sysola and Viled (left). In the upper reaches (before the confluence of the Nem River) the river valley is narrow, swampy, the channel is winding, 15–30 m wide, with numerous riffles.
The main source of nutrition for Vychegda is meltwater. The spring flood begins in the second half of April and lasts on average 50–60 days. During this period, more than half of annual flow river waters. After the flood, summer-autumn low water begins, regularly interrupted by rain floods.
When floods occur, water flow increases five times, and the water rise reaches 1 m or more. The average long-term water flow of the Vychegda at the mouth is 1100 m 3 /s (flow volume 34.717 km 3 /year), the maximum water flow is more than 10,000 m 3 /s. Ice appears on the river at the end of October and by the first days of November the river freezes. Near major cities During the winter, ice cover is unstable, and polynyas occur. Significant Impact on water pollution and ice regime
provided by the Syktyvkar and Kotlas (in the city of Koryazhma) pulp and paper mills. The thickness of the ice on the river by the beginning of the spring break-up reaches 50–60 cm, and in severe winters - up to 1 m. At the end of April, the Vychegda breaks up from ice and the spring ice drift begins, which passes without significant congestion, and already in early May the river is free of ice cleared.
Currently, the river has lost its significance as a waterway, although in the 20th century. the fleet movement was carried out not only on the river itself. Vychegda, but also on its main tributaries. Ensuring guaranteed dimensions of the shipping lane required enormous efforts: dredging, construction of jet dams, and dams.
In some cases, giving way to the river, it was necessary to move the fairway. However, due to the cessation of dredging, shipping is now restricted to the lower reaches; from the village Ust-Kulom (693 km from the mouth) to the village. Voldino (935 km) - during the short high-water (spring) period.
Water river The Vychegda and its tributaries are the main sources of water supply in the Komi Republic. Along the banks of the river are the cities of Syktyvkar, Solvychegodsk, Koryazhma and Kotlas. S.A. Agafonova, A.S. Zavadsky, S.N. Ruleva Russia is the most big country in the world, also one of the most water-rich. The country has huge reserves
fresh water
. In total, about 2.5 million rivers, rivulets and streams flow through the territory of the Russian Federation. This article will tell in detail about one of them called Vychegda. The Komi Republic and partly the Arkhangelsk region are the territories where it flows.
The Russian name of the Vychegda River comes from the combination of the ancient Ugric words “vycha” - greenery, meadow, and “ohgt” - river. When adapted into the Russian language, the last letter “a” was added to the words.
Thus, the Vychegda is a river flowing through meadows. Also, sometimes the Komi people call it the “yellow river”, since the water in it is always muddy.
Geography
Let's give the basics geographical information about this body of water. As mentioned above, the Vychegda is a river that carries its waters across the plains in the taiga zone, mainly through the territory of the Komi Republic (85% of the basin) and partly in the Arkhangelsk region. You need to look for it on the map in the north of the European part of Russia. She is the most large influx Northern Dvina, its right branch.
The length of the channel is 1130 kilometers, the basin area is more than 120 thousand square meters. km. Almost all of its banks are covered with taiga forests, which the Komi Republic is so rich in. There are no rocks, no cliffs, no rapids on the river; it flows freely, widely and leisurely across the plain with elevation differences from 120 to 150 meters. If river valleys spreading, then alluvial - compressed, narrow, without terraces.
Along the sandy riverbed there are often swamps, very insignificant. The basin is composed of Permian deposits (clays, marls), Carboniferous limestone, and over a large area it is composed of Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks, which in some places overlap Quaternary deposits.
The course of the river is very tortuous, for example, below the city of Syktyvkar, the reservoir, bypassing the Semukovsky Upland, bends in a steep arc towards the Vymy River - its right tributary. There is no more than 3 kilometers directly between the ends of the arc, and you will have to swim 30 kilometers along the river. The sinuous topography of the Vychegda basin was formed as a result of many glaciations of the North Sea, especially its last advance onto land.
Source and mouth
The Vychegda is a river that is formed at the confluence of the Voy-Vozh and Lun-Vozh streams, which flow from the Dzyur-Nyur swamp on the southern edge of the Timan Ridge. Source coordinates: 62°19"N and 55°32"E. d.
Where does the Vychegda River flow? It carries its waters to the Northern Dvina, which it flows into near the city of Kotlas, which is 600 km away from Arkhangelsk. Mouth coordinates: 61°17"N and 46°37"E. d.
Hydrology
Vychegda has a mixed diet. A large share comes from snow (40-45%) and underground (34-40%), partly from rain (15%). Water content ranges from 162 cubic meters per second to about settlement Ust-Nem, 601 cubic meters per second near Syktyvkar, the capital of the Komi Republic, up to 1160 cubic meters per second near the mouth.
The river is free of ice at the end of April - beginning of May. During the spring flood, the level of the Vychegda rises significantly - from 4 to 7 meters. The waters flood the floodplain many kilometers wide. In 1974 there was a particularly high flood, when the river level rose by almost 8 meters. But the high water on Vychegda is receding quickly.
Upper Vychegda
The river is conventionally divided into Upper, Middle and Lower.
The Upper Vychegda flows for 346 km from the source to the confluence of the left tributary Nem. The basin of this area is a dissected hilly plateau up to 250 meters high. The width of the river valley in this place reaches 200 meters. The riverbed meanders along the entire path, has many small rapids and shallows, and the current is quite fast - 0.7-0.8 meters per second.
Near the source, the width of the river does not exceed 15 meters, but it gradually widens and at Nema reaches 100 meters. The average depth of the Upper Vychegda is 3 meters, and the greatest is 10 meters. This is fed by underground and snow, the water flow near the village of Pomozdino is 50 cubic meters per second.
Middle Vychegda
It starts from the settlement of Ust-Nema and, running 488 km, ends at the confluence of the left tributary of the Sysola (the capital of Komi, Syktyvkar, is located here). First, the river runs through the Kerchem valley, which lies between the Zhezhimparma and Nemskaya hills, middle part pool occupies wide plain between the hill and the Timan Ridge. Below, the riverbed flows through a wide swampy lowland.
To the right of the river there are many lakes (Sindorskoye, Donty). In the area of the Nem, Vym and Northern Keltma tributaries, karst is characteristic. The valley of the Middle Vychegda stretches for 10 kilometers, the floodplain is wide, often double-sided, overgrown with meadows, and swampy in places. The channel, 100 to 700 meters wide, has a sandy-clay bottom, along its course there are islands, the banks are strewn with pebbles.
The depths on the Vychegda River in this area are very variable - from 0.5 meters on the rifts to 6 meters on the reaches. The current speed averages 0.5 meters per second, but during high water it reaches 2 meters per second. The food supply predominates from snow (60%), the rest comes from rain and underground. The water flow at Ust-Nema is 160 cubic meters per second, at Syktyvkar - 600 cubic meters per second. At spring flood The river water level rises by 5-6 meters.
Lower Vychegda
It originates from its right tributary, the Vym River, running 296 kilometers to its mouth. In its lower reaches, the river becomes much larger and wider, but otherwise its landscape and hydrological conditions are very similar to those of the Middle Vychegda.
The two-way floodplain still reaches 6-8 kilometers, but the valley expands to 40 kilometers. The banks in this section of the river are mostly sandy; clay islands with black stripes of peat are rarely exposed. Pebbles and stones are more common. There are especially many of them near the Timasova Gora pier, along the ship's passage on the Upper Soyginsky and Slobodchikovsky rifts, where a real stone ridge has formed.
The river is fed mainly by snow in the lower reaches; in the spring there is a strong flood.
Tributaries
For this reservoir, water is collected by 1137 tributaries. This does not include more than 23 thousand small streams, the length of which does not exceed 10 kilometers.
The main tributaries of the Vychegda River (the largest): on the right - Vym, Vol, Vishera, Yarenga and Elva, left branches - Viled, Sysola, Lokchim, Northern Keltma, Nem, Southern Mylva.
Some tributaries, for example the Vym and Northern Keltma, are salmon spawning grounds and therefore are of great fishery importance.
Shipping
Vychegda is navigable river. Navigation on it opens in the first week of May and closes on the 20th of October. In the spring, ships reach the Voldino pier (960 km), and in the summer and autumn to the Ust-Koloma pier (693 km).
The largest berths: Yarensk, Mezhog, Solvychegodsk, Aikino, Ust-Kulom, Syktyvkar.
The difficulty of navigation on the Vychegda lies in the fact that its bed is very unstable and the sands are too mobile. According to these indicators, this reservoir ranks first in Russia. Vychegda washes away especially strongly sandy shores near the settlements of Oshlapye, Sharovitsy and Vyemkovo.
But the rivers in the northern part of Russia have always been the main routes of communication, therefore, despite the difficulties, the Vychegda is the main by water in the region: in summer the population moves on water, and in winter - on ice.
This river is also used for timber rafting from spring to autumn.
Settlements
Many cities were built along the river, and many villages were scattered. The main populated areas: Syktyvkar, the suburban villages of Ezhva, Krasnozatonsky, Sedkyrkesh, the town of Zheshart, the cities of Koryazhma, Solvychegodsk and Kotlas, the villages of Anufrievka and Anikeevka, and other settlements.
The reservoir to which the article is dedicated is very rich in fish. Sterlet, pike perch, perch, pike, bream, nelma, chub, ide, burbot, roach, gudgeon, ruffe and other types of fish are found here. The river feeds the entire population of Komi.
Comfortable passenger train Russian Railways No. 24 on the Moscow-Syktyvkar route at one time was called “Vychegda”.
Now you know where the Vychegda River is located and what its main characteristics are.