Who sings the nightingale better than you? Nightingales look for suitors during night walks
In our family, the favorite day of the week is .... On this day, the whole family goes on a ski trip.
We cross... the road and turn into the woods. Good in frosty air!
And... in the evening... a bathhouse awaits us.
Write down: a) combinations with inserted words; b) the second and third parts of the text, in the last sentence show the connection between the main members; c) text, show the connection between the main members of the 2nd sentence.
hunting in the forest is most difficult: a dried leaf (lies, rattles) under your feet, the game can hear you far away. He also sees through the (sparse, dense) bushes and, not allowing it, flies away. Find the highlighted nouns in the text, determine their declension and case. 1) Forest (__ sk., __ p.) 2) bush (__ sk., __ p.) 3) legs (__ sk., __ p.) 3. Write out one word from the text of assignment No. 1 in each column. VERB ADJECTIVE NOUN4. Indicate what part of speech the highlighted word is. The leaf fell from (_____________) trees. Explain your answer.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. Choose four cognates for the word LIGHT that are often used in speech.________________________________________________________________________________________________6. Write down a word where all consonant sounds are soft. Coal, eyelash, swan, loops. ______________________________7. Insert the missing letters, write the test words in brackets. During the day, the horses slept (________________) in the meadows, and later (____________________) at night they slept near the warm haystacks. Sometimes the horses woke up from the booms (___________) of the steamer on the river. The smell of rosehip came from the shore (__________________).8. Write down words that are identical in composition. Thaw, depth, frost, smells, stream. ________________________________________9. Place the missing punctuation marks at the end of the sentences (? ! .).1) How beautiful the quiet sunsets were over the forest lakes__2) The kid turned over the stone, lightly touched the frightened beetle with his finger__3) How mollusks, crustaceans and fish could get into a rain puddle__10. In task No. 9, circle the number of the sentence in which the comma is missing. Read the story and complete tasks 11-12. There lived a cat in our house - Ivanovich. He ate or slept all day. It happened that he would climb onto a warm bed, curl up in a ball and fall asleep. One day my mother kneaded the dough in a tub and put it on the stove. Time passed and mom went to see if the dough was rising well. He looks, and in the tub, curled up like on a feather bed, Ivanovich is sleeping. I crushed all the dough and got all dirty myself. So we were left without pies. Ivanovich was a lazy cat, he didn’t even catch mice. I once walked into the kitchen and saw Ivanovich stretched out on the floor and dozing in the sun, and next to him a whole brood of mice were walking: very tiny, running around the floor, collecting bread crumbs, and the cat seemed to be grazing them - occasionally glancing and eyes the sun is blinking. But sometimes Ivanovich liked to hunt for fun. We were sitting by the window one day, and suddenly we saw Ivanovich running across the yard with a rat in his mouth. He jumped out the window - straight into his mother's room. He lay down in the middle of the floor, released the rat, and looked at his mother: “Here, they say, what kind of hunter I am!” Mom jumped onto the chair, the rat scurried under the closet, and Ivanovich sat and sat and went to bed.. 11. Complete the missing points of the plan. 1. Cat Ivanovich2. _______________________________________________________________3. Mouse Shepherd4. ______________________________________________________________12. Underline the main clauses in the highlighted sentences from the story.13. Read the text. Cross out the “extra” sentence. After the chicks fly out of the nest, the bird’s worries end. After all, the chicks still need to be taught to fly, look for food, and hide from enemies. In case of danger, some birds give the chicks a signal to hide, others try to ward off the enemy with cunning, and still others fearlessly chase a kite or a fox.14. Read the text. Explain what the meaning of the words in this text is. The sun rose, the fog began to disperse in waves, the boat was lowered into the water, and we floated to the shore. There is fog ahead, and the waves are rolling in, and the fulmars are screaming - seabirds. A fulmar will emerge from the fog and, screaming astern, disappear into the fog. Boat - _____________________________________________________________________Foolish - _____________________________________________________________________15. Put the missing punctuation marks at the end of the sentences. “What kind of guy is he?” “Well, like a bird,” said the grandfather hesitantly. – Walk faster__– And he’s black__– You’ll see, you’ll see. “If we meet you, we can scare you with a double-barreled shotgun,” we suggested. - Look, what did they come up with__16. Circle the number of the correct answer. The suffix is present in all words of the group: 1) dictionary, secretary 3) flow, lump 2) nickel, good fellow 4) basket, cat
Read the text again. Think about how many parts it can be divided into.
Give each part a title and write down an outline. Read the text again and write out the words that are difficult to write from each part.
Write an outline according to plan.
and melodic sounds are heard... . ... the forest is visible. ... the hunter is heading out, and a hare jumps out of the forest and... rushes... . Words for reference: instantly, away, down, there, below, above, there, back. Write down the resulting text. Sort all sentences into sentence members. Indicate which part of speech expresses each circumstance. Show with arrows the connection of words in phrases with adverbs.
The forest nightingale in Andersen's fairy tale is one of the attractions of China. Travelers tell each other about him, they write about him in guidebooks - and only high-ranking inhabitants of the imperial palace know nothing about the forest celebrity.
My listeners are six years old or older; They dangle their legs and listen intently and quietly. But they willingly help me voice what is happening when, in search of a remarkable bird, the ministers walk first past mooing cows, then through a swamp past croaking frogs - and each time they think that they hear the gentle singing of a nightingale. Of course, after their mooing and croaking, the children laugh.
The day before, I specifically found a sound recording of nightingale singing on the Internet, but at the right moment, as luck would have it, it does not turn on on my smartphone... But most of the guys had already heard nightingales - even during the recent warming in March, they were already singing under the windows.
This part of the story is comical, first of all, due to the ridiculous behavior of the arrogant and stupid ministers and courtiers. But the emperor is not at all like his dignitaries. The bird's singing touches him and brings tears - the nightingale calls them the highest reward. A short period of recognition begins for the nightingale, who now becomes a resident of the capital. Everyone admires him, but he can only walk twice a day and once at night, accompanied by servants who hold him by twelve silk ribbons tied to his leg.
Fame doesn't last long. The Japanese Emperor sends his Chinese brother an artificial nightingale. That one is much more elegant than the real one, but their duet did not work out (“He’s alive!” the children explain with conviction, albeit incoherently). Covered in precious stones, the artificial singer can only repeat the same song, while the living gray nightingale comes up with something new every time. And while the courtiers are enjoying the Japanese gift, it turns out that their fellow countryman has flown away. The children approve: “Of course, what kind of life is this - in a cage! He flew into the forest, to freedom! It’s impossible to be tied!”
Years pass, first the mechanical bird breaks down, then the emperor himself becomes seriously ill: “The poor emperor could barely breathe, it seemed to him that someone was squeezing his throat. He opened his eyes and saw that Death was sitting on his chest. She put the emperor's crown on her head, in one hand she had his golden saber, and in the other - the imperial banner. And all around, from all the folds of the velvet canopy, some terrible faces peeked out: some ugly and evil, others beautiful and kind. But there were many more evil ones. These were the evil and good deeds of the emperor. They looked at him and whispered to each other.
- Do you remember this? - was heard from one side.
- Do you remember this? - came from the other. And they told him things that made cold sweat appear on the emperor’s forehead.
“I forgot about it,” he muttered. - I never knew this...
It became so hard for him, so scary that he shouted:
- Music here, music! Beat the big Chinese drum! I don’t want to see or hear them!”
But none of the courtiers comes to the rescue; there is no one to even have a musical toy with a golden imperial slipper around its neck. At this moment, a live nightingale flies in, which after escaping was declared expelled from China (alas, my smartphone still does not work). He sings about how good it is in the cemetery, so that Death would want to return there, leaving the patient to recover. This is what happens. The emperor feels much better; he wants to bestow blessings on his savior. But the nightingale refuses the reward - after all, he has already seen tears of delight in the eyes of the emperor - and asks only for permission to occasionally secretly tell the ruler what is happening outside his palace.
What is this fairy tale about? “About good and evil! About the fact that if you listen to an artificial nightingale, you forget what you were doing! About the fact that living things are better! Why should we listen to nature? About justice! About ingratitude! - the listeners raise their hands, vying with each other to shout out their versions, each one of them has something different to say about the story - this is the magic of reading...
We go to play, the children start fooling around and running around. And only when it’s time to leave, I finally manage to defeat the smartphone. Nightingale trills are heard throughout the library, the frantic children gather around them and calm down.
The library meeting season ends here. Although there is another April cold outside the window, we know that summer is coming: live birdsong and the magic of reading.
Maria Klimova
With their nightly songs, male nightingales announce to everyone that they have not yet acquired a mate. The females, preoccupied with finding a suitable spouse, make excursions around the surrounding area at night, approaching first one or another singing bachelor. This continues until the female makes her choice. A male who has found a spouse stops singing at night, although he continues to sing in the morning, warning his neighbors that the area is occupied.
Already in childhood, from the first books, we learn that the nightingale is a modestly colored bird capable of singing unusually beautifully. The nightingale, like the rose, is a long-standing attribute of classical poetry. And even those who have never heard a nightingale singing, or heard it but did not know that it was a nightingale (this happens very often), in any case have heard a lot about nightingale singing. Male nightingales are truly passionate singers, and unlike many other species, they sing not only in the mornings and evenings, but also at night. The question involuntarily arises - why do they sing? After all, a lot of time and effort is spent on this, which, it would seem, could be spent on obtaining food or some other, obviously more useful, activity. But professional ornithologists know that singing plays a very important role in the life of birds, including nightingales.
Firstly, the singing male positions himself as the owner of a certain territory in which he and the female will obtain (or are already obtaining) food for their chicks and which he is ready to defend from uninvited strangers. Secondly, even before the formation of a mating pair, the male attracts females with his singing. Let's not forget that he needs not only to sing, but also to eat, sort out relationships with other males and at the same time, trying to be noticeable to individuals of his species, and not get caught for lunch by a predator.
By choosing a well-singing male, the female chooses a strong, agile father for her future offspring. Most likely, her descendants will also be good singers, and, therefore, they have a greater chance of finding a mate and passing on their genes to the next generation... Thus, the quality of singing is a trait that is formed by the choice of females, in other words, it is maintained by sexual selection ( see: Sexual selection).
Although the general picture of nightingale mating behavior is clear, many important details remained unknown until recently. French researchers managed to find out something, who have been studying the behavior of nightingales since the early 1990s ( Luscinia megarhynchos) in the Alsace region (upper Rhine). In particular, it has been shown that males who have already acquired mates and hold a certain territory sing intensely at sunset and dawn, but become silent at night. Bachelors actively sing at night, right up to the moment when they form mating pairs. Obviously, morning and evening singing is important for maintaining the boundaries of its territory, and night singing serves to attract females.
But how do females behave during the formation of mating pairs? In order to answer this question, French ornithologists, together with colleagues from Switzerland, the Netherlands and Germany, undertook a special study in which they monitored the movements of females searching for suitors using miniature radio transmitters.
10 females, caught at a distance of 70 km from the area, were brought to the area where the research was directly carried out and where the territorial distribution of males had already been well studied. The females were transported at a time when the formation of mating pairs had just begun. A miniature radio transmitter (its weight was 1 g, which was on average 4.6% of the bird’s body weight) was attached to the back of each transported female (with a special glue that did not irritate the skin). This transmitter operates for up to 2-3 weeks until its battery runs out. However, the transmitter is often lost even earlier. In addition, the bird can fly far enough and then the signal becomes too weak or disappears altogether.
The work discussed here describes the results of observations of the movements of females equipped with transmitters within 42 hours after release. At the same time, a clear pattern emerged: during the daytime, the females were practically in one place, but at night they began to move, sometimes covering up to 4.5 and even up to 6 km (although the average values are less - 1.12 km on the first night and 1.49 km - in the second).
However, the researchers emphasize that the estimates given are deliberately underestimated, since sometimes females with transmitters flew too far, the signal disappeared, and the corresponding data were not taken into account. A female moving at night visited the sites of several singing males and eventually made her choice. The singing of bachelor males and the walks of females around the surrounding area, apparently, coincide in time not by chance. It is unclear, however, what is the cause and what is the effect: whether females adapt their behavior to males, or males to females.
In conclusion, we can recall the humorous poem by the Polish poet Julian Tuwim “The Late Nightingale” (translation from Polish by Mark Zhivov). It is about a nightingale who is worried because her nightingale is not coming for dinner:
The nightingale cries, cries, sheds tears and grieves.
The nightingale has disappeared - because he knows: dinner is at nine o’clock sharp.
He always comes home very carefully,
And now it’s twelve soon... It’s just not clear!
Everything has cooled down: fly soup infused with dew,
Bumblebee brain sauce with thick porridge,
And kebab - a young mosquito with a kidney and salad,
And for third - moon pudding with candied star. ...
Finally hubby is:
... Suddenly the nightingale appeared - look, he whistles and jumps...
- Where did you fly? Where did you flutter? I'm worried, I'm crying...
“I’m sorry,” he answers in a sweet tenor. —
Wonderful evening! I wanted to go for a walk...
The poems are very nice, but, as we now see, they do not correspond to reality. It is nightingales who are inclined to “walk on foot,” and even at night, and not nightingales, who are forced to sit still and sing songs while waiting for their future spouse!
Perhaps no bird has been praised so often in poetry by poets as the nightingale. This little gray creature is inconspicuous in appearance, but everyone can listen to its trills. For those who have never heard them, it is very interesting to know how nightingales sing and when they do it. There is an opinion that these birds only vocalize at night, but this is not true. They sing during the day, just because of the noise created by other birds, you cannot hear them, but in the evening, at night and early in the morning, when the street is quiet and calm, their trills are heard throughout the entire area.
Many people wonder when the nightingale begins to sing. If you read the poems, you can conclude that he does this all year round, but this statement is incorrect, because birds fly to our region in the second half of April or early May, when the sun has already warmed up the earth well, and there are consistently warm days outside . These birds nest mainly near water bodies, in dense thickets. Nests are built directly on the ground, in bushes or on branches, but not high. They, like no one else, need to carefully select their place, because nests can easily be destroyed by cats and dogs.
Many people wonder why nightingales sing, because in the animal world nothing is done for nothing. It turns out that only males give voice, females silently sit nearby. This is done to attract a soul mate and scare away other representatives of birds who dare to fly into someone else's territory. The way nightingales sing cannot be depicted or expressed in words; their song is unique. Here you can hear clicking, whistling, rumbling sounds. The song is quite complex, it has up to 24 knees.
By the way nightingales sing, their age can be determined. The trills of young individuals are not as beautiful and fluent as those of older individuals. Young males usually undergo training from experienced and wise birds and gradually improve their skills. You can hear nightingales singing only from early May to mid-June. It is during this period that they are engaged in choosing a nesting site, attracting a female, and incubating eggs. When the chicks appear, the nightingales fall silent, because, on the one hand, new worries arise and there is no time for songs, and on the other hand, they do not want to attract unnecessary attention from predators.
Having chosen a nesting site, the male sits on the branches and sings, calling for females. The birds arrive, and if everything suits them, they stay, create a pair and begin building a nest. If a male cannot find a female for a long time, this is a sure sign that he needs to change his place.
Although it is generally accepted that nightingales settle in picturesque corners, in gardens or near the river, today you can hear their singing even in the metropolis. Birds nest in cities and dachas. Of course, people are not always happy about such a neighborhood, because nightingales sing mainly at night or early in the morning and very loudly, which interferes with sleep. But listening to the incredibly beautiful, flowing trills, you can relax and feel at one with nature. Each bird is unique in its own way, and the originality of the nightingale lies in its beautiful voice, which you want to listen to and listen to.
Nightingale, a bird of the thrush family. The best singer among Russian songbirds looks rather inconspicuous. The upperparts of the body, wings and tail are brownish-brown, the underparts are brownish-gray, and the rump is reddish. The female differs little from the male. Body length is 16-19 cm. In Russia, the nightingale is distributed in the forest and forest-steppe zones of the European part, in the North Caucasus and in the south of Western Siberia to the upper Yenisei.
Settles in thickets of bird cherry, viburnum, buckthorn, honeysuckle and other shrubs, in deciduous and mixed forests, groves, gardens and parks, along the banks of rivers and streams, near forest springs and springs. It is most numerous in forest-steppe oak groves, especially floodplain ones.
In the spring, nightingales appear in their homeland only in early May, occupying damp places with fairly dense and shady bushes after their arrival: dense bushes along the edges of the forest, willow and alder thickets along river banks, young groves, large gardens and parks with dense bush plantings, etc. Nightingales begin to sing only 3-5 days after arrival, when the trees and shrubs are covered with leaves.
Nightingales fly to nesting areas in the second half of April and May. Males appear first, followed by females a week later. The singing of nightingales reaches its maximum strength in mid-May, when males sing not only at dawn, but also during the day (in central Russia this usually coincides with the flowering of bird cherry trees). In June they sing from 8-9 pm until midnight, then at dawn, in July they stop singing.
The nightingale sings all night from evening to dawn, and in the first 2 weeks after the start of singing and during daylight hours, falling silent for a short time only in the middle of the day. The singing of the common nightingale is very characteristic, rich in whistling, clicking and rumbling sounds. With amazing charm, the gentle sounds of the song are replaced by loud ones, joyful ones - by sad ones.
The stanza of the song fades smoothly, but suddenly a short pause is followed by a new one - abrupt and loud. And its leisurely pace only emphasizes the unique beauty of the nightingale’s song. And when you hear the nightingale singing, you are always amazed at the variety, fullness and power of sounds, and it seems like a miracle that such a small and inconspicuous bird sings so beautifully.
The nightingale sings, sitting on some branch not high from the ground, slightly hunched over and lowering its wings. In general, the nightingale is a very secretive and cautious bird, which is very difficult to even notice; during intense singing, he forgets about the danger and sings so selflessly that you can get close to him.
Nightingales are prone to imitation. Young singers learn the art from the old ones, imitating them, and therefore, where one good singer appears, the singing of other birds soon improves. Where birders catch good singers, the new generation of birds sings worse. That is why at one time the Kursk nightingales were famous for their art, then the Kyiv nightingales, etc. Very good singers have up to 40 knees in a song, while in a song, for example, those from the Moscow region have only about a dozen.
Nightingales usually make nests on the ground between the roots of bushes or tree shoots, less often in dense interlacings of bush trunks near the ground.
The clutch, occurring at the end of May, consists of 4-5 olive-colored eggs. Incubation lasts 13-14 days. After the chicks hatch, the males begin to feed them, leaving no time for singing. In mid-June, the nightingales' singing stops. The hatched chicks spend less than two weeks in the nest and leave it before they have learned to fly.
The chicks that have left their nests, like little mice, deftly scurry around in the grass, hiding at the slightest danger or the warning cry of their parents. The family roams along river floodplains, edges and other cleared areas of the forest. At the end of August they begin leaving for wintering grounds.
At the end of July and beginning of August, family groups break up and the birds begin to lead a solitary life, wandering through the bushes along the edges, river valleys and ravines. Nightingales fly to the tropical regions of East Africa for the winter in the second half of August - September.
The most common prey for nightingales are ants, beetles (mainly weevils, leaf beetles, click beetles, ground beetles), bedbugs, as well as caterpillars, centipedes, flies, and spiders; in autumn they also eat small quantities of berries and seeds. A significant portion of consumed invertebrates are forest pests; however, the aesthetic significance of this best of our singer birds is immeasurably greater.
Five more species of nightingales nest in Russia - the southern, or western, nightingale in the North Caucasus, the bluethroat and 3 species in Siberia and the Far East. All of them are inferior in singing to the common nightingale.