The designer is domestic. Made in Russia: What construction kits for STEM education are offered by Russian manufacturers

The Russian land has always been rich in talents

Vladimir Grigorievich Fedorov

An outstanding developer of domestic automatic weapons was V.G. Fedorov. In the spring of 1911, Fedorov's automatic rifle passed the first test, and in the summer of 1912 it passed field tests. At the same time, the F.V. rifle, which showed itself well, was tested. Tokarev. Along with domestic systems, eight foreign samples were also tested, but none of them were assessed positively. This was a great victory for the Russian school of machine gunsmiths. But with the outbreak of the First World War, by government decision, work on improving automatic rifles was stopped. Only in 1916 was it possible to equip a special unit with machine guns and send it to the front. This was the first submachine gunner unit in the history of wars. At that time, no army in the world had them. At the end of the war, aviation began to be armed with Fedorov’s automatic systems.

One of Fedorov’s students and associates was V.A. Degtyarev. In 1927, a machine gun was adopted by the Red Army, which bore the DP mark - “Degtyarev, infantry”. After this, Degtyarev began working on the creation of a domestic machine gun for aviation. In March 1928, the Degtyarev aircraft machine gun was accepted for mass production and replaced the English Lewis machine guns in Soviet aviation.
Degtyarev worked closely with other talented designers - G.S. Shpagin and P.M. Goryunov. The result of their cooperation was a whole series of machine guns. In 1939, a 12.7-mm heavy machine gun of the 1938 model DShK (Degtyarev - Shpagin, large-caliber) entered service. At first it was intended for infantry, but then found application in other branches of the military. Penetrating armor up to 15 mm, the DShK was an effective weapon in the fight against enemy aircraft.

Sergei Ivanovich Mosin

The author of the famous three-line rifle of the 1891 model was Sergei Ivanovich Mosin. For the creation of a rifle, distinguished by excellent tactical and technical characteristics, Mosin was awarded the Great Mikhailovsky Prize - the most prestigious award for inventions in the field of artillery and weapons. For Russian inventors, the Mosin three-line rifle became the foundation for research in the field of automatic small arms.

One of the talented creators of domestic weapons, Ya.U. Roshchepey made the first sample of a rifle “from which you can shoot automatically.”

The modernized Mosin rifle was put into service in 1930. On its basis, the designers developed a sniper version and a carbine, which had the same design principles as the 1891/1930 model rifle. It was only in 1944 that production of the Mosin rifle was discontinued. Thus, more than 50 years passed from the first sample manufactured at the Tula Arms Factory on April 16, 1891 to the last. No small arms system in the world has known such longevity.

But the life of the three-ruler did not end there either. After the Great Patriotic War, designers of sporting weapons, using the excellent tactical and technical capabilities of the three-line rifle, created the MTs-12 small-caliber rifle and the MTs-13 arbitrary 7.62 mm rifle. These models have become one of the world's best models and allowed our athletes to win the highest awards at the Olympic Games, World Championships and other major competitions.

Vasily Alekseevich Degtyarev

When the Great Patriotic War began, Degtyarev was in his seventies. But the designer sought to help front-line soldiers by creating new types of weapons. Since the enemy was strong in tanks, effective means of combating them were urgently needed.

In a very short time, two prototypes of anti-tank rifles were prepared - Degtyarev and Simonov. The Simonov gun had an advantage in rate of fire, while the Degtyarev gun had an advantage in weight and ease of action. Both guns had good fighting qualities and were put into service.

The cooperation between V.A. developed in a special way. Degtyareva with P.M. Goryunov. The young designer created a machine gun that was superior to the machine gun of the Degtyarev system and was recommended by a special commission for adoption. For Vasily Alekseevich this was a surprise and a serious moral test, but when asked which machine gun to adopt, Degtyarev did not hesitate to answer that the heavy machine gun of the Goryunov system should be adopted. The eminent designer in this case showed true nobility and a truly state-like approach.

In May 1943, a new heavy machine gun was put into service under the name "7.62-mm heavy machine gun of the Goryunov system, model 1943 (SG-43)." Front-line soldiers immediately appreciated the high maneuverability of the weapon, simplicity of design, reliability and reliability, relatively light weight, and simplified preparation for firing compared to the Maxim.

The experience of combat use of the Goryunov heavy machine gun and its remarkable combat qualities attracted the attention of tank weapon designers. Soon the decision was made to use the machine gun on medium tanks and armored personnel carriers.

Premature death did not allow the talented designer to realize many of his plans. State Prize P.M. Goryunov was awarded posthumously.

Fedor Vasilievich Tokarev

F.V. was also a talented and original designer. Tokarev. The “Patriarch of Russian Weapons” successfully competed with foreign designers - Browning, Mauser, Colt, Nagant and others. Tokarev created about 150 different types of weapons. He is one of those who stood at the origins of domestic automatic weapons. Tokarev first became acquainted with automatic weapons in 1907. A year later he was firing automatically from a rifle of his own design. In 1913, the Tokarev rifle passed regular tests, ahead of the best foreign models of Browning and Sjögren.

In Soviet times, Tokarev improved the Maxim 1910 model and designed several types of aircraft machine guns. The designer’s great merit is the creation of the TT pistol in the pre-war years.

But the main achievement in Tokarev’s creative life was an automatic rifle. In May 1938, Tokarev presented what he considered to be the best of the 17 rifle models he created. As a result of tests, his rifle showed high quality and was adopted for service under the name “7.62-mm self-loading rifle of the Tokarev system, model 1938 (SVT-38).” The designer worked on its creation for 30 years. On the basis of this rifle, in the same year Tokarev developed a sniper rifle with an optical sight.

Creation of G.S. Shpagin's famous submachine gun (PPSh-41) was preceded by long work on many automatic weapon systems together with V.G. Fedorov and V.A. Degtyarev. This was an important stage in the development of the future designer. The PPSh had undeniable advantages over existing models. The first batch of machine guns was tested at the front, directly in battle. The results exceeded all expectations. The commanders asked to quickly establish mass production of Shpagin assault rifles.

The simplicity of the design and manufacturing technology of machine guns made it possible already in 1941, when some military factories were dismantled and transferred to the east, to launch their production in small enterprises and even in workshops. The PPSh deprived the enemy of the advantage over our army in automatic small arms.

A.I. made a significant contribution to the improvement of domestic small arms. Sudaev. World famous M.T. Kalashnikov considers the Sudaev submachine gun (PPS) “the best submachine gun of the Second World War.” Not a single sample could compare with it in terms of simplicity of design, reliability, trouble-free operation, and ease of use. Sudaev's weapons were very loved by paratroopers, tank crews, scouts, and skiers. To manufacture PPS, it required half the metal and three times less time than for PPS.

In the forefront of gunsmith designers A.I. Sudaev appeared unexpectedly and quickly. Already at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he developed a project for a simplified anti-aircraft gun, and then began working on the creation of a submachine gun. The officer ensured that he was sent to besieged Leningrad and took part directly there in organizing the production of weapons.

The machine gun of Doctor of Technical Sciences, Lieutenant General Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov (1919) is known throughout the world. It is lightweight, compact, reliable, and elegant.

Senior Sergeant M.T. made his first sample. Kalashnikov was made in the locomotive depot where he worked before the war, and at that time was on leave after being seriously wounded and shell-shocked. At the beginning of the war, Mikhail Timofeevich was a tank driver and saw that the tank driver, having jumped out of the damaged vehicle, no longer participated in the battle. The need to arm tank crews with compact, convenient automatic weapons was obvious.

In the spring of 1942, the prototype was ready. However, the homemade machine gun was rejected “for lack of advantages over existing models.” But the commission noted the extraordinary abilities of the senior sergeant, who set a goal for himself: the machine gun must certainly be much better than all existing models.

Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov

The next tests of the new machines took place in traditionally harsh conditions. The competitors, one after another, “left the race”, unable to withstand the most difficult tests. The Kalashnikov assault rifle withstood everything, was recognized as the best and was put into service under the name “7.62-mm Kalashnikov assault rifle, model 1947.” Kalashnikov is also responsible for the design of a 7.62 mm single machine gun chambered for a rifle cartridge (1961). Subsequently, a team of designers under the leadership of Kalashnikov created a number of modifications of automatic small arms. The 7.62 mm modernized assault rifle (AKM), 7.62 mm light machine gun (RPK) and their varieties were adopted for service. In 1974, AK-74 and AKS-74 assault rifles, RPK-74 and RPKS-74 light machine guns chambered for a 5.45 mm cartridge were created. For the first time in world practice, a series of unified models of small arms appeared, identical in principle of operation and a unified automation scheme. The weapon created by Kalashnikov is distinguished by its simplicity of design, high reliability and efficiency; it is used in the armies of more than 50 countries.

Russian artillery also has a remarkable history, the appearance of which is associated with the name of Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy (1350-1389). It was under him that the cannon foundry business was born.

Russian artillery developed quickly and independently. This is confirmed by its numbers. By the end of the 14th century, there were up to 4 thousand artillery pieces in Rus'.

In the middle of the 15th century, under Ivan III, “cannon huts” appeared, and in 1488 - 1489 the Cannon Yard was built in Moscow. In the workshops of the Cannon Yard, Andrei Chokhov in 1586 cast the largest caliber cannon in the world, its weight is 40 tons, caliber is 890 mm. Currently it is located on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin. The cannon yard was rich in the talents of other foundry masters. Entire “cannon” dynasties and schools appeared. On the squeak of 1491 it was cast that it was made by “Yakovlev’s disciples Vanya and Vasyuk.” The gunners Ignatius, Stepan Petrov, Bogdan Pyatoy and others are known for their successes.

At the beginning of the 17th century, Russian craftsmen made a three-inch bronze arquebus with rifling in the bore. It was the world's first rifled weapon, more than 200 years ahead of the development of artillery technology in other countries. Other evidence has reached our time that advanced technical ideas existed in Russian artillery of that period. Foreigners knew about this and sought to obtain samples of Russian weapons.

After the Northern War, the chief of Russian artillery, Y.V. Bruce wrote to Peter I: “The British fell in love with Siberian cannons... and are asking for one cannon as a sample.”

Andrey Konstantinovich Nartov

The developed industrial base and the talent of domestic designers allowed Peter I to create artillery, which throughout the 18th century remained the most numerous and technically advanced artillery in the world. The famous Russian mechanic A.K. made a great contribution to the development of domestic artillery. Nartov, who in the second quarter of the 18th century created special machines and tools for the production of artillery pieces, was the first in the world to propose an optical sight. However, the most famous invention of A.K. Nartov had a 44-barreled circular rapid-fire battery. 44 bronze mortars were placed on a wheel-shaped machine, divided into 8 sectors of 5-6 barrels each. The design made it possible to fire from all mortars in the sector simultaneously. Then the machine was turned, fired from another sector, and at this time reloading could be done from the opposite side.

A major contribution to the development of Russian artillery was made by Pyotr Ivanovich Shuvalov (1710-1762). Under his leadership, Russian artillery officers M. Danilov, M. Zhukov, M. Martynov, I. Meller, M. Rozhnov in 1757-1759. developed several samples of smooth-bore howitzers for firing with flat and mounted fire. These weapons, depicting a mythical beast with a horn in its forehead, were called “unicorns”. Light and maneuverable guns fired buckshot, cannonballs, explosive grenades, and incendiary shells at a range of up to 4 km. After Russia, unicorns were adopted first by France, then by other European countries and remained in service for over 100 years. Russian artillery already in those days accompanied the infantry in battle and fired over their battle formations.

Mikhail Vasilyevich Danilov (1722 - 1790) made a great contribution to the improvement of artillery and pyrotechnics. He invented a 3-pound gun with two barrels, called “twins.” He prepared and published the first Russian artillery course, as well as a manual for the preparation of fireworks and illuminations, in which he gave brief information on the history of pyrotechnics in Russia.

Vladimir Stepanovich Baranovsky

In 1872-1877 artillery engineer V.S. Baranovsky created the first rapid-fire artillery gun and used cartridge loading on it. Unfortunately, the talented designer died tragically during artillery tests. None of the foreign guns could surpass the domestic three-inch gun of the 1902 model, created according to Baranovsky’s ideas by professor of the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy N.A. Zabudsky.

Russian engineers showed great skill in creating powerful projectiles. Thus, the high-explosive grenade V.I. Rdultovsky appeared in artillery in 1908 and, under the name of the “old high-explosive grenade,” survived until the Great Patriotic War.

Artillery was called the “God of War” during the Great Patriotic War. Before the war, Soviet designers of artillery systems created quite powerful and sophisticated guns and mortars. 76-mm cannon designed by V.G. Hitler's artillery consultant, Professor Wolf, considered Grabin "the best 76-mm gun of the Second World War" and one of "the most ingenious designs in the history of cannon artillery." Under the leadership of Grabin, a 57-mm anti-tank gun, which knew no equal, was created before the war, as well as a powerful 100-mm anti-tank gun. The 152-mm howitzer designed by F.F. was very effective during the war. Petrova.

Vasily Gavrilovich Grabin

In 1943, about half of all artillery weapons of the Red Army were mortars. Many of them were developed under the leadership of B.I. Shavyrina. These are 50-mm company, 82-mm battalion, 120-mm regimental mortars. In October 1944, a 240 mm mortar appeared. Germany lagged behind the USSR in the creation of such powerful mortars. Only in 1942, using drawings captured from one of the factories in Ukraine, German engineers began production of 122-mm mortars, which were an exact copy of the Soviet ones.

From the second half of the 17th century, rockets began to be used in Rus'. At the end of the 17th century, the young Tsar Peter was also involved in the production of rockets. He founded a special “rocket establishment”, where Peter himself manufactured and launched rockets, and came up with compositions of “fire projectiles”. Peter’s signal flare existed in the army for almost a century and a half. In subsequent years, missile technology in Russia is constantly being improved: new missile shells and launchers are being created, and the basics of missile firing are being developed. The initiator of these cases was Alexander Dmitrievich Zasyadko. Zasyadko’s work was successfully continued by Konstantin Ivanovich Konstantinov. Rockets of his design were used in the Crimean (Eastern) War of 1853-1856.

Subsequently, domestic rocket systems were continued in the famous Katyushas and other multiple launch rocket systems. The developers of new design ideas were domestic scientists N.I. Tikhomirov and V.A. Artemyev. Back in 1912 N.I. Tikhomirov proposed using a missile for military ships. On the basis of the Tikhomirov-Artemyev group and the Moscow group for the study of jet propulsion (GIRD), a jet research institute was formed in 1933. Already in 1939, rocket weapons were first used in the form of aircraft missiles. In 1938, the institute began to develop a installation designed for 24 projectiles of 132 mm caliber.

On June 21, 1941, literally a day before the start of the Great Patriotic War, ground-based rocket launchers were demonstrated to the Government Commission. After the demonstration, a decision was made on the immediate serial production of installations and missiles. Less than a month later, on July 14, 1941, the baptism of fire of a new weapon - the famous Katyusha - took place near Orsha. The formidable weapon was used by the battery of captain I.A. Flerov.

After the war, our scientists I.V. Kurchatov, M.B. Keldysh, A.D. Sakharov, Yu.B. Khariton and others created atomic weapons, and long-range bomber divisions were formed to deliver them. Thus ended the US monopoly on this type of weapon.

In 1959, the Strategic Missile Forces (Strategic Missile Forces) were born. The creators of intercontinental ballistic missiles, liquid jet engines, control devices and complex ground equipment for them were academicians S.P. Korolev, V.P. Glushko, V.N. Chelomey, N.A. Pilyugin, V.P. Makeev, M.F. Reshetnev, V.P. Barmin, A.M. Isaev, M.K. Yangel and others.

Mikhail Kuzmich Yangel

Thanks to their talent and dedication to their work, launch complexes for medium and short-range ballistic missiles, the Proton rocket and the universal space system Energia - Buran were created, intercontinental missiles (R-16, R-7 and R-9) and medium-range missiles (R-12, R-14).

A new stage in the technical equipment of the Strategic Missile Forces is associated with the creation and placing on combat duty of the RS-16, RS-18, RS-20 missile systems. In these missile systems, our designers used fundamentally new technical solutions that made it possible to increase the effectiveness of the combat use of missiles and enhance their protection from enemy strikes.

The situation and level of development of military affairs also determined the creation of military space forces. Our scientists and designers have developed a unique military space system that has made it possible to significantly increase the effectiveness of various types of troops and types of weapons. Our military satellites are constantly in space, with the help of which reconnaissance, communications and command and control of troops are carried out, the location of ships, aircraft, mobile missile launchers is determined, weapons are aimed at targets, and other tasks are solved.

The history of the creation and improvement of tanks, which began in our country, is very interesting and dynamic. In May 1915, a tracked vehicle of the Russian designer A. Porokhovshchikov, armed with two machine guns placed in a rotating turret, was tested at the training ground. This is how a fundamentally new type of weapon appeared - the tank. Since then, intense competition in the world has not stopped for the creation of the best armored combat vehicle, increasing its combat properties - firepower, mobility, security.

Mikhail Ilyich Koshkin

Soviet designers M.I. Koshkin, N.A. Kucherenko and A.A. Morozov created the T-34 medium tank, which became the most popular armored vehicle in the world - more than 52 thousand were produced. This is the only machine that went through the entire Second World War without significant design changes - it was so brilliantly conceived and executed.

American military historian M. Caidin wrote: “The T-34 tank was created by people who were able to see the battlefield of the mid-20th century better than anyone else in the West could.” Since December 1943, an 85-mm cannon was installed on the T-34, and its armor-piercing projectile penetrated 100 mm thick armor from a distance of 1000 meters, and a sub-caliber projectile, from a distance of 500 meters, penetrated 138 mm armor, which made it possible to successfully fight the German "tigers" " and "panthers".

Together with the T-34, our heavy KV and IS tanks, created under the leadership of Zh.Ya., successfully operated against the enemy. Kotin and N.L. Dukhova.
Currently, measures are being taken to replace the currently operating T-72 and T-80 tanks with a unified and more advanced T-90 model. The new vehicle has an optical-electronic suppression system, a complex that allows firing a guided missile on the move at a range of 5 kilometers, and a backup fire control system for the crew commander.

The achievements of domestic scientists and designers in the field of shipbuilding are widely known. In the middle of the 19th century, the transition from the construction of wooden sailing ships to steam ships began all over the world, and ships made of metal appeared. The Russian Navy is becoming armored.

History has left us with the names of the most famous shipbuilders who were ahead of their time. Particularly interesting is the fate of Pyotr Akindinovich Titov, who became the chief engineer of the largest shipbuilding company and did not even have a certificate of completion of a rural school. The famous Soviet shipbuilder Academician A.N. Krylov considered himself a student of Titov.

In 1834, when the fleet did not have a single metal ship, a submarine made of metal was built at the Alexander Foundry. Its armament consisted of a pole with a harpoon, a powder mine and four launchers for launching missiles.

In 1904, according to the project of I.G. Bubnov, the famous builder of battleships, began the construction of submarines. The Akula and Bars boats created by our craftsmen turned out to be more advanced than the submarines of all the countries that fought in the First World War.

Sergey Nikitich Kovalev

An important role in improving the domestic submarine fleet was played by the Soviet ship designer and inventor, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences Sergei Nikitich Kovalev (1919). Since 1955, he worked as the chief designer of the Leningrad Central Design Bureau "Rubin". Kovalev is the author of over 100 scientific papers and many inventions. Under his leadership, nuclear missile-carrying submarines were created, known abroad under the codes "Yankee", "Delta" and "Typhoon".

The Russian fleet was far ahead of foreign fleets in the development of mine weapons. Effective mines were developed by our compatriots I.I. Fitztum, P.L. Schilling, B.S. Yakobson, N.N. Azarov. The anti-submarine depth charge was created by our scientist B.Yu. Averkiev.

In 1913, Russian designer D.P. Grigorovich built the world's first seaplane. Since then, work has been carried out in the Russian Navy to equip ships as carriers of naval aviation. Air transports created on the Black Sea, which could accommodate up to seven seaplanes, took part in combat operations during the First World War.

A prominent representative of domestic ship designers is Boris Izrailevich Kupensky (1916-1982). He was the chief designer of the Ermine-class patrol ships (1954-1958), the first anti-submarine ships in the Soviet Navy with anti-aircraft missile systems and a gas turbine all-mode power plant (1962-1967), the first nuclear-powered surface combat ship in the USSR Navy power plant and the lead in the series of nuclear-powered missile cruisers "Kirov" (1968-1982) with powerful strike and anti-aircraft weapons and an almost unlimited cruising range.

In no other area of ​​Russian design thought are there so many renowned minds as in aircraft manufacturing. OK. Antonov, A.A. Arkhangelsky, R.L. Bartini, R.A. Belyakov, V.F. Bolkhovitinov, D.P. Grigorovich, M.I. Gurevich, S.V. Ilyushin, N.I. Kamov, S.A Lavochkin, A.I. Mikoyan, M.L. Mil, V.M. Myasishchev, V.M. Petlyakov, I.I. Sikorsky, P.S. Sukhoi, A.A. Tupolev, A.S. Yakovlev and others created models of airplanes and helicopters that were in mass production for many years, and many of the technical solutions they found are still used in the design of modern aircraft.

Alexander Fedorovich Mozhaisky

The designer A.F. became a true innovator. Mozhaisky, 10-15 years ahead of foreign competitors. Mozhaisky created a working model of the aircraft, which in 1877 was presented to the aeronautics commission. The Russian inventor not only showed in detail the design of the future device, but also demonstrated all the elements of flight: takeoff run, takeoff, flight and landing. Subsequently, Captain Mozhaisky created a life-size aircraft, but the commission gave a negative opinion on Mozhaisky’s airplane and recommended that he abandon the creation of an aircraft with a fixed wing and build it “on the model of birds with flapping wings,” with which the designer did not agree. The first unsuccessful flight tests did not stop the officer, and he persistently improved the airplane until his death (spring 1890).

One of the first Russian aviation designers who glorified domestic science and technology was Ya.M. Gakkel (1874-1945). Between 1908 and 1912, he designed 15 aircraft of various types and purposes. At the same time, he continuously improved the quality of the machines and their flight performance.

A landmark event in the history of aviation took place on May 13, 1913 near St. Petersburg. Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky (1880-1992) took into the air an unprecedented aircraft of his own design. Its weight was four times that of the largest airplane at that time. In terms of carrying capacity, the new machine could only be compared with the largest airships of that time. This truly revolutionary aircraft was the Russian Knight.

For a long time, people abroad could not believe that the Russian aircraft designer had succeeded in what was considered impossible in the West. In 1912-1914, under the leadership of Sikorsky, the Grand and Ilya Muromets aircraft were also created, which were distinguished by their long flight range and marked the beginning of multi-engine aviation

Andrey Nikolaevich Tupolev

Of great importance in the history of aviation was the creation under the leadership of Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev (1888-1972) of the world's largest passenger aircraft ANT-20 "Maxim Gorky" (1934), as well as medium and heavy bombers, torpedo bombers and reconnaissance aircraft. Together with N.E. Zhukovsky, he took an active part in the organization of the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI). Under his leadership, more than 100 different types of aircraft were designed and built, 70 of which were put into mass production. Aircraft TB-1, TB-3, SB, TB-7, MTB-2, Tu-2 and torpedo boats G-4, G-5 were used during the Great Patriotic War. In the post-war years, under the leadership of Tupolev, a number of aircraft were created for the Soviet Army and Navy, civil aviation, including the first Soviet jet bombers Tu-12 (1947), Tu-16; the first jet passenger aircraft Tu-104 (1954); the first turboprop intercontinental passenger airliner Tu-114 (1957) and the subsequent Tu-124, Tu-134, Tu-154, as well as a number of supersonic aircraft, including the passenger Tu-144.

Tupolev trained many aircraft designers, around whom independent design bureaus subsequently formed: V.M. Petlyakova, P.O. Sukhoi, V.M. Myasishcheva, A.A. Arkhangelsky and others.

An outstanding contribution to the development of domestic aviation was made by designers A.S. Yakovlev, S.A. Lavochkin, A.I. Mikoyan, S.V. Ilyushin and G.M. Beriev. In the design bureaus they led, new fighters, bombers, attack aircraft were designed, tested and put into mass production in a very short time, flying boats and ship-borne aircraft were created.

Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi

A talented aircraft designer was Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi (1895-1975). Under his leadership, more than 50 aircraft designs were created, many of which were distinguished by high flight performance and combat characteristics. A multi-purpose aircraft of his design (Su-2) was successfully used during the Great Patriotic War. In 1942-1943, he created the Su-6 armored attack aircraft. Sukhoi is also one of the founders of Soviet jet and supersonic aviation. In the post-war years, the design bureau, under his leadership, developed jet aircraft Su-9, Su-10, Su-15, etc., and in 1955-1956 - supersonic jet aircraft with swept and delta wings (Su-7b, etc.). Aircraft designed by Sukhoi set 2 world altitude records (1959 and 1962) and 2 world speed records on a closed route (1960 and 1962).

In the coming years, the Su-24M front-line bomber will be replaced by the Su-34 multifunctional bomber, which has no analogues in the world. Its main purpose is to hit highly protected point targets at any time of the day and in any weather conditions.
The talent and dedication of our scientists and designers make it possible to have such types of weapons that no other army in the world has. So, only Russia has ekranoplanes. The general designer of the first ekranoplanes is R.E. Alekseev. At the end of the 40s, he created a hydrofoil torpedo boat with a speed unprecedented at that time - 140 km/h and high seaworthiness. The subsequent “Rockets” and “Meteors” were the brainchild of a military scientist.

In the West, ekranoplanes were also designed, but after a number of failures they stopped working. In our country, ekranoplanes were created in various versions: attack, anti-submarine, rescue. The ekranoplan with a displacement of more than 500 tons and a speed of 400-500 km/h was tested by the general designer himself. The unique equipment is capable of not only landing for military purposes, but also carrying out peaceful passenger and cargo transportation, and conducting rescue and research work.

The Ka-50 anti-tank helicopter, called the “Black Shark,” also has no analogues. Since 1982, this combat vehicle has won various competitions more than once and amazed specialists at various exhibitions.

The helicopter has powerful weapons. It is equipped with NURS units, Vikhr ATGM launchers with laser beam guidance, and a 30 mm cannon with 500 rounds of ammunition. Missiles are launched from 8-10 kilometers, that is, outside the range of enemy air defense. The pilot's ejection seat and preliminary shooting of the helicopter blades ensure the pilot's rescue over the entire range of speeds and altitudes, including zero.

The Russian land has always been rich in talents; we showed the world Mendeleev and Korolev, Popov and Kalashnikov. The list of outstanding domestic military designers can be continued for a very long time. The sword of the Russian army was forged by the labor and intellect of many hundreds and thousands of our compatriots.

It is becoming increasingly popular all over the world, including in Russia. Schools and clubs use many special kits for creativity and education: Lego, Hunarobo, VEX, etc. Foreign brands seemed to have completely captured the attention of teachers and students. However, domestic kits for development and robotics are not inferior to foreign ones. “Robotoved” has selected several Russian manufacturing brands that will definitely be useful in classes at home and at school. Igor Lositsky, head of the creative laboratory of robotics at ITMO University and a representative of the committee on youth scientific and technical creativity, helped us evaluate the robotics kits.

One of the first educational toys for little ones is cubes. Plastic, soft polymer or wooden, they are found in almost every home. In Russia, one of the largest manufacturers of cubes in sets is the Tenth Kingdom company. Other educational toys are also produced under the brand of the same name: mosaics, metal construction sets, magnetic boards, children's lotto, burning kits and much more - more than a thousand items in total. Wooden cubes are recommended for children under 3 years old, sets of blown plastic figures for construction - from 3 to 5. Wooden sets will cost from 190 rubles, plastic ones - from 175 to 900 rubles.

The owners of the Shusha brand approached the production of toys from a different angle - in the spirit of the avant-garde of the early twentieth century. The owners (married couple) develop each toy and construction set independently. The sets contain colored wooden parts for making figurines of fairy-tale characters, animals and emotions. Stylish, aesthetic and functional construction sets are suitable for children from 2 to 6 years old and will appeal to adults. Such construction sets cost on average from 2,500 to 3,500 rubles.

Original wooden construction sets are offered by the Novosibirsk company Pelsi. Siberians are especially proud of the “Teremok” series of construction kits, which imitate huts, two-story houses, fortresses and bridges. The houses look realistic and are built like real log houses - the parts are stacked into crowns (horizontal rows of logs). From one set you can build several different huts; doors and windows can be positioned as the little builder wishes. The sets are intended for children aged 4 years and older. Such toys introduce a child to the principles of physics and can ignite an architect's talent. The price of huts starts from 1000 rubles excluding delivery.

The creators of the plastic construction set Fanclastic are aiming to compete with the world-famous Lego. A block construction set with three-dimensional mounting and large parts allows you to assemble durable structures: swords, high towers and even furniture. The ability to fasten parts in three planes opens up enormous space for imagination. At the same time, Fanclastic is compatible with Lego parts. Sets cost from 420 rubles (27 small parts) to 25,000 rubles (2660 parts weighing 15 kg).

Most parents remember metal construction sets, the perforated parts of which are attached to each other with bolts and nuts. Cheboksary “Samodelkin” continues the tradition of Soviet Russia and produces such sets without changing almost anything about them. The classic construction set contains several different iron parts, a wrench, fasteners, wheels (not in all sets) and an instruction book. You can also find dozens of photographs of possible products on the Samodelkina website. Fans of the designer manage to assemble realistic models of real cars and functional excavators from simple parts. The average set will cost 700-900 rubles.

“Znatok” electronic construction sets introduce children of almost any age to electronics. The kits are safe, do not require soldering, and are suitable for both beginners and advanced technicians. Each kit comes with a clear instruction manual. “Connoisseur” does not limit users in the number of ideas, but still teaches the basics. When starting to assemble the circuits, it is important not to forget to stock up on batteries. The simplest kits, which allow you to make a flashlight, a fan and experiment with magnets, cost from 1,340 rubles.

Igor Lositsky: “Electronic construction sets from the brand of the same name are convenient for introducing children to electronics. I know that in many circles the youngest roboticists begin this acquaintance with them. There are special electrical engineering courses for children that use these kits. Out of all of them, I’ll single out a good set – the Connoisseur “For School and Home.”

Amperka construction kits with a programmable Arduino chip, packaged in bright patriotic sets, already have everything a novice roboticist needs. Each box also contains radio components, wires, a breadboard and a training brochure. The kits are also suitable for independent study. The booklets cover fundamental concepts of electricity and circuit design and, of course, instructions for building devices. A set for beginners costs from 3 thousand rubles. There are also more serious “non-toys” in the Amperka line. For example, the “Yodo” set is for learning programming in JavaScript or the “Malina” set, which is based on a single-board computer Raspberry Pi 3.

Igor Lositsky: “Kits from the Amperka brand may interest even a sophisticated roboticist. Based on them, you can create full-fledged robots. It can also be used for educational purposes for older children. I would choose an interesting set - the Amperka Educational Set.”

Our online store is the official dealer of the presented brands. This means that all products are truly branded, no “gray imports”, all products are covered by the manufacturer’s warranty, prices in our store correspond to those recommended by the manufacturer.

• 
  A distinctive feature of Fanclastic is the presence of a three-dimensional method of connecting parts, while other designers (the same Lego, Brick, Bela, etc.) use standard two-dimensional models for the game.
• 
  Giga Bloks is an analogue of the well-known Lego constructor. Each detail of Giga Blocks is very large in size, so each detail is perceived by a child’s mind as a real building element from which real buildings can be created.
• 
  Maglay Titles magnetic parts are flat tiles in the form of certain geometric shapes, such as circle, square, triangle and others.
• 
  The famous Mindstorms EV3 set has been modernized and improved more than once. As a result, the MATRIX children's construction set appeared, which the manufacturers called the next step of Mindstorms EV3.
• 
  The construction set from SoftMBall in the United States of America and in some European countries has been holding the status of one of the safest and best children's construction sets for two years now.
• 
  A new generation robotic designer wins first places in various robotics competitions and competitions, which inspires students of robotics institutes around the world.

Dmitry Sokolov invented and patented a three-dimensional constructor that develops spatial thinking. In 2016, toy sales brought him 18 million rubles. revenue

(Photo: Oleg Yakovlev / RBC)

Chairs, vases, shelving, paper folders - in the office of the inventor of the Fanclastic construction set, everything is assembled from toy parts. This is not a museum or a playroom, but a workspace: you can actually sit on the chairs, and the shelves can support the weight of heavy books. Strength is ensured by a special connection that imitates the principle of a crystal lattice, assures Dmitry Sokolov.

He became obsessed with construction kits as a child, and the idea for a Lego analogue came to him more than 20 years ago. “A standard part in a construction set can usually only be attached from the bottom or top, and you can only assemble what is drawn on the box. This always irritated me very much,” says Sokolov. He decided to create a construction set with a new type of three-dimensional fastenings - any part can be attached to another in different ways.

Toy market

Every year, Russian children are less and less interested in traditional toys like dolls and cars, according to a report by the research company NPD Group. They are being replaced by construction sets, puzzles and board games. In the first half of 2016, traditional toys occupied 37% of the Russian market, while a year earlier their share was 40%. The fastest growing category is construction kits. In the first half of 2016, sales of construction toys in large retail chains increased by 33% compared to the same period in 2015. Despite the fact that the average bill for construction sets is 20% higher than for other toys. The trend is global - according to NPD, in the USA sales of designer toys in 2015 grew by 9% in monetary terms, and in Europe - by 13%. Sets released under licenses from film and cartoon producers are in great demand.

Factory standard

Dmitry Sokolov studied at the 57th mathematical school in Moscow, then at MSTU. Bauman. In the 1990s, Sokolov got a job at the Moscow Borets compressor plant, where he was involved in production automation, and in 2000 he moved to a similar position at the Khrapunov Tool Plant (KHIZ) in the Moscow region.

“I had the idea of ​​a designer for many years, but there were neither production conditions nor finances,” says Dmitry. “Once I showed sketches and drawings to the now deceased director of Khiz Sergei Khalturin. He appreciated and agreed to support.” In 2013, Sokolov entered into an agreement with KhIZ, according to which the rights to the product remain with the inventor, and all commercial activities are conducted on behalf of KhIZ JSC; the company does not disclose the proportion in which profits will be divided. Now Dmitry holds the position of director of TD KHIZ LLC, a subsidiary of the plant. In total, about 35 million rubles were invested in the production of designers, some of which were investments from the plant, and some were Sokolov’s savings.

The company had everything necessary for the production of the designer set. In Soviet times, KhIZ produced cutters for the defense industry; now, in addition to cutting tools, they produce packaging for Rollton, Doshirak, Ot Martin crackers and seeds, and other food products.

Dmitry needed to write a program to automate production and order molds. The inventor himself created 3D drawings of the molds and ordered a prototype version in China. The samples took a long time, and each of the five molds cost the creators $14 thousand. At the same time, the quality of the designer’s trial batches was lame - during the tests it turned out that some parts did not fit together completely, which is why the structure could fall apart. The Chinese partners were replaced by a Russian company, which produced 11 molds of the required quality. In total, producers spent about 20 million rubles at this stage. The raw materials—ABS plastic granules—were purchased in Germany.

Sokolov installed scales on the production line that measured the exact number of parts in each package. “This is a struggle with the human factor - the packer may have overlooked and instead of 54 pieces of plastic, put 53. And if the cub does not have enough of the last detail, there will be a tragedy,” explains Dmitry.

There is a patent, no sales

The inventor immediately set his sights on global expansion and, first of all, decided to patent his design. He hired a patent attorney to help with the paperwork. Obtaining a Russian patent took about a year and a half and 20 thousand rubles. With international law it turned out to be more complicated: first, the invention must be recognized as an innovation by an international commission, and then a patent must be obtained in each country where the designer will be sold. The procedure is long and expensive - to begin filing patents in 11 countries, Sokolov’s team spent about €100 thousand; the patenting period abroad ranges from two to five years. To date, patents have been obtained in China, the USA and Japan.

Sokolov decided to test trial batches of designers. Dmitry contacted several Moscow schools with an offer to take “Fanclastic” for free. The children immediately found shortcomings in the new construction set. For example, they didn't like dark parts and wanted to build bright models. The connection was also too hard for children's fingers.

Over two years of testing in schools, “Fanclastic” was brought to fruition - the parts became more flexible and brighter, the connection became stronger. The plant cast the first industrial batch of construction sets—1,000 sets for each of eight articles—in the summer of 2015. The inventor did not know how to approach sales, and decided to find a commercial director. This is how he met Nina Myshanskaya, who had been promoting children's products for more than 20 years. “Dmitry is a mathematician and programmer, a man of science, he is infinitely far from the world of commerce. But for me, sales are life, and I was just waiting for such an interesting project,” says Myshanskaya.

Nina is a philosopher by training; she began her career as a manager at the Mart company (Russian distributor of Zapf Creation), which brought to the Russian market such giants of the toy industry as Lego, “living” Baby Born dolls and Zuru robotic fish. During her 13 years of work at Marta, she rose to the rank of sales director and left, deciding to start her own business. “Fanclastic is one of the most ambitious projects I have ever come across,” she assures. Until 2015, Myshanskaya advised Sokolov as an outsourcing expert, and then took the post of commercial director of Khiz.

The creator of the Fanclastic construction set, Dmitry Sokolov, and the commercial director of Khiz, Nina Myshanskaya (Photo: Oleg Yakovlev / RBC)

"Fanclastic" in numbers

Children's construction sets account for 22% of the Russian toy market

500-5000 rub.

— retail price of the designer in stores

40% of the retail price is the cost

“Fanclastic” is 20-30% cheaper than Lego sets of similar volume

The largest set of “Fanclastics” weighs 2.5 kg

4 m - the height of the largest tower built from Fanclastic

Source: RBC calculations, company data

“People didn’t figure it out”

In October 2015, the designer first appeared on store shelves. “I knew most of the key wholesalers and retail managers and, using my own authority, tried to convince them that the product, although new, was worthwhile,” recalls Nina.

Sales didn't get off to a particularly good start. According to RBC's source at Detsky Mir, Fanclastic was quickly taken off the shelves due to weak demand. “We have been selling Fanclastic for a year now, but they are taking it sluggishly. People haven’t figured it out yet,” said Daria Gavrina, manager of the League Toys online store. “Although, compared to Western analogues, the price of the designer is good, and the idea itself is interesting.”

Entrepreneurs needed to increase brand awareness so that people would go to the store specifically for Fanclastic, and not for the nameless Lego analogue. “Classic advertising and master classes, which give effect in the case of simple and understandable toys, did not work for us,” says Nina. — In the five minutes that parents devote to the product at the time of purchase, it is impossible to figure out “Fanclastic.” You need to think here."

The bet was made on the Internet. Sokolov developed video tutorials on assembling the most popular models, created and posted an encyclopedia of construction kits on the website. Kits began to be sent to bloggers specializing in design. Cooperation with schools also helped: children talked about how they built from “Fanclastic” in class and asked their parents to buy the same one. Over the entire period of work, about 10 million rubles were spent on promotion.

According to Nina Myshanskaya, “Fanclastic” has trump cards that make the designer stand out among this variety. First of all, this is the ability to fasten any parts in three planes. “This gives scope for imagination: a child can build whatever comes into his head, endlessly add to and rebuild ready-made models,” explains Nina. “You can quickly assemble a large-sized model from Fanclastic.” At the same time, the models turn out to be quite durable - for example, you can play with swords and blasters from the designer.

“When a child sees Fanclastic, he often asks: what is this, is this your new Lego? - says Dmitry. “But we don’t want to compete with Lego, we want to carve out our own niche.” He developed an “adapter” for Lego so that Fanclastic models could be connected to the most popular construction set. The tactic paid off: now Fanclastic is often bought by Lego fans who want to build something new.

Dreams of import

During the 2015/16 New Year season, we managed to sell about 3 thousand sets of “Fanclastic”; during the 2016/17 season, which has not yet ended, we sold already 10 thousand sets. The revenue of KhIZ JSC from the sale of the designer for 2016 amounted to about 18 million rubles, according to RBC calculations. The project has not yet been able to turn a profit, the producers admit: they plan to break even in 2017, and in another four to five years they hope to return the invested funds.

Now the construction set is sold in ten children's retail chains in 40 cities of Russia - IQ Toy, "Seven spans", "Happy Childhood", "Daughters-Sons", etc. The company cooperates with 16 online stores - WildBerries, eBay, Alibaba.com, Ulmart, etc. Six distributors supply Fanclastic to several thousand regional outlets. Book chains (“Respublika”, “Bukvoed”) and large hypermarkets (“Auchan”) buy designer sets, and purchase municipal and private schools and kindergartens. Abroad, “Fanclastic” is presented in Germany and the Czech Republic, but sales there have only just started - in three months, manufacturers earned only a few thousand euros in foreign markets.

Nina Myshanskaya is convinced that low sales at the start are a normal situation for a new product in a competitive toy market: “I remember how stores returned me unfortunate Baby Born dolls in batches - they say, we have our own beautiful dolls from the Kirov factory, and then Baby Born became hit."

As soon as the company’s range reaches several dozen items, manufacturers plan to open retail stores under their own brand. “I dream of selling parts by weight there, so that a child can design his own models and assemble them according to individual drawings,” says Dmitry. Today, three series of “Fanclastics” are popular: “Architecture” (you can build buildings), “Blasterology” (toy weapons) and “Minicraft” (a universal set from which you can assemble animals, plants, robots, etc.). In the coming month, new types of “Fanclastic” with moving parts will appear on sale.

View from the outside

“We need to focus on national color”

Vitaly Polekhin, President of the National Association of Business Angels

“Fanclastic” is another analogue of Lego, which in its current form will not be able to conquer the international market and compete with major international players. The emphasis should be on national flavor: on the Russian market, Lego has the same models as everywhere else, without taking into account our specifics. The Danish designer's commercial success came from partnerships with the creators of cartoons, on the basis of which entire worlds were created. The production of Fanclastics lines based on the plots of everyone’s favorite Russian and Soviet cartoons could be a good chance for the company to take a significant share in the domestic market.”

“The project is attractive to investors only from a patriotic point of view”

Andrey Chirikov, founder of the Sattva Foundation

“I have seen similar construction kits in Europe and Asia. They're popular, but no one has the marketing power of Lego. Nowadays, all the power lies in marketing and a powerful budget, and the company has neither of these at the global level. In Russia, Fanclastic can find its consumer if external conditions help. The project is attractive to investors only from a patriotic point of view.”

"We play on the same field"

Yulia Porfireva, development director of the Russian importer of designer toys Engino

“The market for children's construction sets in Russia is not so large, and of course we know about Fanclastic. We also sell a 3D construction set, but it differs from Fanclastic in a number of ways. Our main product line is educational - it includes key topics in mechanics and robotics. We have solar-powered kits and motorized kits to bring your design to life. We give children the opportunity to build in both 2D and 3D, transforming a 2D model into 3D and vice versa without any additional parts. We play on the same field, but we perceive Fanclastic not as a competitor, but as a like-minded person in the field of gaming development for children.”

“Constructors appear frequently, but not all are accepted by the market”

Maxim Detinov, director of the New Toys company, distributor of the CLICS construction set in Russia

“New designers appear quite often, but not all are accepted by the market. Healthy ambition is wonderful. But, it seems to me, “Fanclastic” will be collected by children no younger than eight years old, and manufacturers must take into account that they will have to compete with such serious competitors as tablets and electronic gadgets.”

“Both hemispheres of the brain work”

Tatyana Markova, head of the robotics studio at school No. 2086

“Fanclastic” simultaneously trains spatial and mathematical thinking and engages imagination - both hemispheres of the brain work. A child can build robots, animals, architectural structures, relying only on his imagination. At the same time, you need to have an understanding of the laws of physics, mechanics and geometry: children love to build monumental things, and without correct calculations the structure will simply fall apart. It’s fun - for example, we built bridges from construction sets, which at the end of the lesson we tested for strength with our own weight.”

In this section you will find all contact information about Russian wholesale suppliers and manufacturers of construction sets. Address, phone number, e-mail, photos and videos of product samples will help you make your own choice.

Construction sets of various shapes and materials help children develop while playing. These toys are exciting and useful, the main thing is to choose a model created for a certain age of the baby. Educational toys of this type are made of wood, plastic, metal, etc. You can find out more about the quality and characteristics of the designer from your selected wholesale supplier.

Wholesale construction kits are an opportunity to open your own business or expand the range of an existing business. We do everything to make it easier for you to find a supplier who sells goods in bulk under optimal conditions for you.

• Some products from suppliers in this section:

  Suppliers and manufacturers in this section:

  LLC "Success" (Noginsk)

  Our company is engaged in the sale, selection and supply of non-food products. 1. Household goods (cleaning products, detergents, chloramine) 2. Cleaning equipment (brooms, shovels, rakes, brooms, everything for professional cleaning) 3. Children's furniture from manufacturers (play areas, lockers, banquettes, cribs, desks , chairs) 4. Furniture (cabinet, upholstered, metal, medical) 5. Small forms (slides, swings, sandboxes) 6. Toys (rubber, plastic, educational games) 7. Sports equipment (hoops, jump ropes, balls, children. simulators) 8. Stands for decoration 9. School boards and easels 10. Stationery 11. Costumes for children and adults for all holidays (our own production) 12. Textiles of our own production (curtains, tulle, mattresses, pillows, blankets, bedspreads, bed linen , napkins, towels) 13. Workwear (robes, aprons, shoes for staff, shoe covers) 14. Dishes (stainless steel, porcelain, ceramics, glass, plastic) 15. Household appliances and industrial equipment 16. Multimedia...

  Factory of wooden toys Yoshatoys (Yoshkar-Ola)

  We are a young production company "Yoshatoys" from Yoshkar-Ola, we produce and sell educational plywood construction sets, doll houses, busy boards, wooden puzzles, both traditional for Russia and completely unique. Our team is constantly working to increase the range and improve the quality of toys using modern technologies. By working with us directly, you will receive the best price. For example, one room made of wood for a dollhouse in wholesale will cost from 90 rubles, so our partners work with a 100% markup. Our main advantages are the competitive price and the demand for wooden toys on the market! Delivery of goods is carried out by any transport companies present in Yoshkar-Ola, delivery to the warehouse of the transport company is FREE! Pickup available. Phys. We ship to individuals by courier companies. The minimum ransom amount is 2000 rubles. Our employees are highly qualified and have 5 years of experience in this field. Call, write! Answer...

  TM Delnye Igry (St. Petersburg)

  We are importers of popular toy lines. The main focus is developmental products. Wooden construction sets, science kits, Montessori materials. The wholesale warehouse is located in St. Petersburg, shipments are made daily. We deliver throughout Russia. We work without VAT. Connected to an electronic document management system. ...

  mpitoys / World of correct toys (Moscow)

  We have carefully collected an original assortment for you from all over the world. The MPI company portfolio includes more than 4,500 products: from blocks to robots, from Spanish dolls to Korean construction sets. We are the exclusive distributor of Magformers magnetic construction sets and 4M science kits. At our own factory in Vologda we produce wooden construction sets “Lesovichok” and “Tree Quack”. We also supply toys wholesale from the largest manufacturers from Russia, Europe and Asia. + No minimum amount. + Free shipping. + Volume-cumulative discounts. ...

  Wholesaler (Moscow)

  WHOLESALE has been cooperating with various stores, individual entrepreneurs, and companies for a long time. Has established itself as a reliable supplier of the most popular product groups! Our company successfully occupies a leading position in the supply of children's goods, electronics, household goods and much more to the CIS.

  ...

  PTK Button (Oktyabrsky)

  Since 2011, we have been producing certified play and sports equipment for children's institutions: - soft modules for kindergartens - dry pools with balls - educational play areas - massage paths - colorful sports mats - soft frameless children's furniture - safety floor constructors - covers for any sandboxes Sewing time - from 1 day, many products in stock. It is possible to manufacture according to individual customer sizes. We invite dealers to cooperate. There is a system of discounts and priority in terms of order fulfillment for you. ...

  **Our company offers cooperation.** We offer educational construction sets for children from 6 years old. For girls and boys. Designers Lepin, Bela, Lele are an analogue of Lego. 100% compatible with Lego. *We offer to cooperate as wholesale suppliers, and are also considering the possibility of opening our representative offices in the regions of Russia. * Prices start from 35 rubles. and up to 15,500 rub. (for the largest constructor). The largest construction set has more than 4,000 parts. Price difference using the Porsche 911 as an example: Lego price 20500* => Lepin price 5400* (retail price). The offered construction sets have more than 15 series. There are series for boys and girls. There are episodes with superheroes. Technical series with control panels and lighting elements. The first order can be made from 30,000 rubles. We work: wholesale and dropship. Delivery: Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and upon request Payment: by agreement, cash, bank transfer. There is a convenient unloading of goods for placement on your website. >Visit our website legovslepin.ru< ...

  LOGIKDOM (Moscow)

  Production and wholesale of wooden toys from manufacturers. We carry out individual orders, sell and create modern toys, souvenirs and much more. When creating a toy, we always remember ourselves as children, discuss it with children, look at their emotions when they see the toy and during the game, we try to make it not only interesting, but also educational. The very first toys should be simple and safe, made from natural materials! Interesting fact! Neurologists emphasize the importance of tactile contact between a child’s hands and a wooden surface. During production, absolutely 100% natural materials and coatings are used, such as: linden, beech, maple, high-quality birch plywood, linseed oil and beeswax - all this makes the toys truly natural, safe and beautiful. We do not try to save on quality and materials, since our product will end up in the hands of the most valuable thing in every family - the child!