Summary of the speech therapy lesson “Iotated vowels. Vowel letters and vowel sounds (Weak and strong reduction)
Yotated vowels at the beginning of a word (E, Yo, Yu, Ya)
Goal: to consolidate knowledge about iotated vowels at the beginning of a word.
Organizing time
Main part
One day the sound brothers Y went into the forest. We wandered and wandered and got lost.
One went out into the clearing and met the sound A, he also got lost. They held hands and went together to look for the way home.
Y+A…./children pronounce sounds in unison in chorus/.
What letter can we use to represent these two sounds? (I) /picture is displayed/
On the way to the house they picked berries.
Another brother J went out to the river and there he met the sound of E, who was fishing. He agreed to take J home. And they went together
Y+E.../children pronounce sounds in unison in chorus/.
What letter can we use to represent these two sounds? (E) /picture is displayed/
They took the ruffs they caught home.
The third brother, in the thicket of the forest, met the sound of O, who was picking mushrooms.
Together they walked along the path, met a hedgehog and he showed them the way to the house.
Y+O…./children pronounce sounds in unison in chorus/.
What letter can we use to represent these two sounds? (Yo) /picture is displayed/
And another Y went out to the stream, where the sound U was collecting water. He happily agreed to take Y out of the forest.
Y+U.../children pronounce sounds in unison in chorus/.
What letter do we use to represent these two sounds? (Yu) /picture displayed/
They met nimble mice and a squirrel that was spinning like a top.
All the sound brothers successfully reached home and were very happy to meet them. They introduced each other to new sound-friends. They told us what they saw along the way. /Suggestions are written on the board/
We picked berries.
We caught ruffs.
We met a hedgehog.
We saw nimble mice.
Let's repeat what two sounds the letters E, E, Yu, Y can represent. /Analysis on the board and in notebooks/
[th] [e] [th] [o] [th] [y] [th] [a]
Now let’s remember when our letters are denoted by two sounds.
At the beginning of a word (give examples of words)
After a vowel (give examples of words)
After b and b signs (give examples of words)
Let's practice.
Find in the sentences of our brothers words in which their friends vowels will denote two sounds.
Berries, ruffs, hedgehogs, nimble ones.
In notebooks, with vowels divided into two sounds (Y - write with a green pen, the vowel next to it - with red):
1) Children come up with words in a chain that begin with E, E, Yu, Y. They write down and arrange the letters into sounds.
For example: apple, anchor, core, ash, Egor, raccoon, spruce, hedgehog, fir tree, container, top, youth, Jupiter, cabin boy...
2) Recording sentences in a notebook followed by analysis of our vowels into sounds.
Yana and Yulia went to pick berries.
Egor eats apples and apricots.
Yasha is decorating the Christmas tree.
Elisha is traveling by bus.
The lizard is very nimble.
They bought Elena a bright skirt.
3) Laying out words from cut letters.
4) Divide the words into two columns: 1 - where our vowels will denote one sound, 2 - denote two sounds. The words can be given on cards, written on the board or dictated.
For example: pit, summer, Egor, cabin boy, buttercup, ice, hedgehog, yarn...
III. Summarizing
- What letters were you talking about?
- In what cases do they form two sounds?
I. BUKRINSKAYA,
O. KARMAKOVA
Continuation. See No. 39, 43, 47/2003 and No. 3/2004
Graphic arts. Spelling.
Principles of Russian spelling
Compact theme No. 5
Graphic arts
Everyone knows that there are two forms of language - written and oral. Any language initially exists in oral form, and at a certain stage of its development writing appears. The theory of writing is divided into two components - graphics And spelling.
Graphics is called a set of descriptive means of a particular letter. It includes not only letters, but also punctuation marks, accents, hyphens, apostrophe, paragraph marks, spaces, as well as various font emphases (bold, italics, underlines). Graphics establish certain correspondences between sounds and letters. Letters- these are the signs that we we write and read. Sounds.
We pronounce and hear A set of letters arranged in a certain order is called alphabet. Word alphabet comes from the name of the Greek letters alpha And beta (in modern Greek the second letter is called vita ). And The Russian word corresponds to it.
ABC, formed from the name of the first two letters of the Slavic alphabet - az beeches There are 6 vowel sounds in the Russian language, and 10 letters; consonants – 36, letters – 21, two letters –
ъ And b
And the modern Russian alphabet goes back to another ancient Slavic alphabet - the Cyrillic alphabet, which was compiled by the brothers' students on the basis of the Greek (Byzantine) ceremonial letter. To convey sounds that were not in Greek, they introduced new letters. Many Cyrillic letters also stand for numbers, for example: A (az) – 1, d (good) – 4.
Yotated vowels
Among the vowels there are four letters: e , e , Yu , I , - which are called iotized, since they can denote two sounds at once, including the sound yot - j. These letters do not always represent two sounds, but only in three positions:
1) at the beginning of a word: spruce, Christmas tree, spinning top, pit;
2) after a vowel: ate[pagel], my[majo], I'm digging[poju], May[maja];
3) after separating formed from the name of the first two letters of the Slavic alphabet - alphabet beeches signs: traveling[razjest], climb[padjom], snowstorm[v’juga], monkey[abiz'jana].
Exercises
1. In which words the number of letters and the number of sounds do not match?
1) Volume; 2) reception; 3) howls; 4) blows; 5) sew;
6) sing; 7) sowed; 8) flaw.
(Answer: 2, 4, 6, 7.)
2. Determine: which words have more sounds than letters?
1) Apple; 2) pleasant; 3) subject; 4) poet; 5) sings; 6) chandelier.
(Answer: 1, 2, 5.)
3. Determine: in which words the number of sounds and letters coincides?
1) Soy; 2) actor; 3) clear; 4) pedestal;
5) plot; 6) skirt.
(Answer: 2, 4, 5.) Indication of softness of consonants in writing Hard and soft consonant sounds in Russian are expressed in writing using the same letters. This means that there must be a way to show the hardness - softness of a consonant sound. Yotated vowels e, e, yu, i , and and: onion [onion], hatch [onion], small [small], crumpled [m'al], soaped
[soap], beeches : nice; [m’il] – after a consonant, the softness of the preceding consonant and the corresponding vowel are indicated..
When it is necessary to indicate the softness of a consonant not before a vowel, but at the end of a word or before a subsequent consonant, a soft sign is used -
chalk - stranded, horse - horse, weight - all
earring, sick, very Many manuals give an incorrect formulation of the function of iotated vowels: it is written there that they soften the preceding consonant. It is advisable to give students a clear idea that letters are signs that are signals of the softness of the preceding consonant, and not the reason that causes this softness. Spelling(from Greek orthos ‘correct’ and gramma ‘letter’), it denotes spellings determined by spelling rules.
The theory of Russian spelling began to take shape back in the 18th century. V.K. made a great contribution to its formation. Trediakovsky, M.V.
Lomonosov, Y.K. Groth, F.F. Fortunatov.
Modern Russian spelling is based on the Code of Rules published in 1956. The rules of the Russian language are reflected in Russian grammars and spelling dictionaries. Special school spelling dictionaries are published for schoolchildren.
Language changes as society changes. Many new words and expressions, both our own and borrowed, appear. The rules for writing new words are established by the Spelling Commission and recorded in spelling dictionaries. The most complete modern spelling dictionary was compiled under the editorship of the spelling scientist Vladimir Vladimirovich Lopatin (M., 2000).
Principles of Russian spelling The basic principle of Russian spelling is morphemic , in some manuals it is called morphological . Its essence lies in the fact that each morpheme is written uniformly
regardless of pronunciation. The following rules are based on this principle: the spelling of unstressed vowels in the root, the spelling of voiced and voiceless consonants in the root, the spelling of most prefixes and suffixes. When the choice of letter cannot be verified by a strong position, since there is no such thing in the modern language, the word is written in accordance with tradition, and its spelling is determined by the dictionary. In these cases it appears traditional principle of Russian spelling. The following rules are based on it: spelling of unchecked and alternating vowels and consonants in the root, spelling of vowels after hissing and ts beeches , consumption after hissing, continuous and separate spelling of adverbs, adverbial combinations and some prepositions, spelling of the endings of masculine adjectives r.p. units h.-Wow
and etc. Phonetic the principle is that the spelling corresponds to the pronunciation; there are few rules that are based on this principle: spelling prefixes in salary, as well as the vowel in the prefix once-/rose-, spelling
and/s
Exercises
at the root after consonant prefixes.
In addition, spelling establishes the rules for continuous, separate and hyphenated writing, word hyphenation, as well as the use of upper and lowercase letters.
(Clue: h – always a soft consonant in Russian, w – always hard; answer: 2, 4.)
1) grass; 2) concrete; 3) screen; 4) loaf;
1) Soy; 2) actor; 3) clear; 4) pedestal;
5) carriage; 6) pasture.
2. Indicate words whose spelling is based on the phonetic principle of Russian spelling:
1) mediocre; 2) brave; 3) infertile; 4) suitable; 5) retarded; 6) detailed.
1) background; 2) draw; 3) representative; 4) schedule; 5) flirt; 6) receipt.
(Answer: 1, 2, 4, 6.)
3. Indicate the words whose spelling is based on the morphemic principle of Russian orthography:
1) die; 2) peaceful; 3) play out; 4) selection. 4. Find words in the sentence where the letter
T.
means the sound [d].
We turned from the road to the forester's hut, where we hoped to rest and warm up.
(Answer: oh[d]roads, oh[d]breathe.)
Goals:
– practice writing words with iotized vowels in three positions: at the beginning of the word, after vowels and after consonants;
– expand your vocabulary using reference books;
– learn to compare the sound of a word when pronounced with its spelling and draw conclusions that they do not always coincide;
– continue work on the development of oral and written speech;
– cultivate accuracy in work, ability to work in a group.
- Equipment: individual cards for testing, “Helper Table”, “Puzzle” card, cards for group work with multi-level tasks, tape recorder (dance “Apple”).
- - What are their names? (iotized);
- Calligraphy
During the classes
Introduction. (4th lesson of a topic that is studied in a playful way. The class is divided into 4 crews. Each crew has a commander who organizes and directs the work of his crew, and a midshipman who sums up the work of the crew and its members).
– In Russian language lessons we travel through a sea of letters and sounds. Which letter island did we land on in previous lessons? (e, e, yu, i);
- What does it mean? (when pronouncing these letters, 2 sounds are heard [yo] [ya]…)
Testing
– We will repeat what we have learned about these letters through testing.
Questions on the tables. 1 student at the additional board selects “Place for assessment” or “Place of doubts”.
1. Which letter is not iotized?
1. and 2. yu 3. e
1. Yotated vowels always indicate 2 sounds.
2. Yotated vowels can represent 1 or 2 sounds.
3. Yotated vowels always indicate 1 sound.
3. In which of these words does the iotated vowel mean 1 sound?
– We continue our journey around the island of iotized letters.
– What letter greets us today?
This letter is not modest,
She wants to be the first.
Only wise alphabet
He orders me to stand last in the row.
2/3 I am 1/3 Continuous writing exercise
– Mark the most beautiful letters with dots and choose the Beauty Queen. Calligraphy and accuracy are assessed.
Physical education: exercises for the eyes.
IV. Working with words with iotated vowels.
– What interesting words did you find starting with this letter?
Words containing the letter “I” are also written on the board. Read it.
Fair painter hawthorn carpenter
– Think about how you can divide the words into 2 groups. On what basis can they be divided?
– Write each group in a separate column.
"Helper desk"
1. Find words in which “I” means [ya]
2. Find words in which “I” comes after a consonant and denotes the sound [a].
Self-esteem. The correctness of the work is assessed.
– In each of these words there was another word hidden. Which?
Yar is a steep, steep bank.
- In what column could you write it down? Why?
V. Vocabulary work.
– So, there is a piece of paper with a puzzle on the tables. The word for dictionary work is encrypted there.
-What word is this?
– Write the transcription on a common sheet of paper.
– Which group wants to put their piece of paper on the board?
– Let’s try to write down this word (1 student at the blackboard)
apple(o/a)chk(o/a)
– How to determine “a” or “o” to write?
Children look in the textbook dictionary, in the spelling dictionary.
– You can look in the Explanatory Dictionary. Here we learn the spelling of this word and its meaning.
After reading, the word is written down in notebooks.
– Do you know that this word has multiple meanings? What meanings of this word do you know?
1) apple.
2) the center of the target “to hit the bull’s eye.” To say it very accurately, to guess.
3) sailor dance.
Physical education pause (children perform dance movements to the music “Apple”)
VI. Work in groups.
Creative work.
Our crews continue their work. Now the commanders will choose their route sheets and hit the road!
- From each team, 1 crew member sits separately in “guard boats” and performs individual work.
1. Separate words for hyphenation:
BOAT, SHIP, SEAGULL, PERCH, DOLPHIN.
2. How many letters and sounds are in a word:
YACHT - ....b., .... sound.
HARBOR - .... b, .... star
3. Write a transcription of the word ANCHOR
The captains at the task table take the task sheets and sit down. Tasks of varying difficulty. (The difficulty of the task is determined by the number of fish on the card).
Works for every group “Helper desk.”
Arrange words alphabetically:
Sail, Neptune, pitching, shark, sea, anchor, wind, storm, calm, cabin.
Underline words that cannot be transferred.
Helper table: alphabet.
The lines of V. Mayakovsky's poem fell apart. Think about how to position them correctly.
(The lines of the poem are cut)
Underline words in which iotized letters represent two sounds.
“Table - assistant”:
1. See which words rhyme.
2. Look carefully at the signs at the end of the sentences.
Copy by deciphering the words and dividing the text into sentences. In the second sentence, underline the main terms.
[noch"y" night there was a storm blowing strong [v'et'ir] the waves hooted menacingly, buzzed alarmingly [may"ak] by morning the storm subsided.
“Table - assistant”:
night wind lighthouse
5 offers
Read the text.
[y'ul'a] and [y'asha] went to the sea. [y'ul'a] found a crustacean on the sand.
The waves threw him ashore. He moved his paws weakly. The girl lowered the crustacean into the water. He tumbled in the green water and swam away.
Answer questions about the content of the text.
- Who went to the sea?
- Where did Yulia find the crustacean?
- How did he end up on the shore?
- What did the girl do?
– In which words do iotated vowels designate 2 sounds?
– What words cannot be translated?
- How was the sequence of the words “storm” and “calm” determined?
– What is a “storm”?
– Reads the text
– What is “calm”?
Reads the text
What can midshipmen say about the work of their team?
Evaluation of cooperation.
VII. Reflection.
“Our ship set course for its native shore.
- On what letter island were we?
– Having remembered the features of iotized letters (test), we met the letter “I”, wrote words with it, got acquainted with a new word and did creative work in teams.
– In what mood do the crews return to their native shores?
Your mood is signaled by your flags (red flag – “I am satisfied with my job”, yellow – “I experienced some difficulties”, blue – “I am dissatisfied with my job”). Raise them above your head and decorate our ship with them.
Lesson 19
Yotated vowels. “Double” role of iotized letters.
Development of syllable reading skills.
Target:
Introduce iotized letters. Show their dual role in language.
Improving sound analysis skills.
Develop sign-symbolic communication in children.
Development of phonemic awareness.
Cultivate emotionality and expressiveness of speech.
Equipment : RL, letter cards (1 set per desk),
During the classes:
Organizing time.
Tongue Twisters.
Re-re-re: games in the yard (read to the kids).
Ro-ro-ro: light feather (bucket on the floor).
Ry-ry-ry: poems for kids (chips for the game).
Ru-ru-ru: we entertain the kids (geese walk around the yard).
Introduction to the topic of the lesson.
U. - Guys, listen to the proverb “It spins like a bun in a wheel.” Do you think there is a mistake here? What word should be used instead of “bun”? D. - Squirrel. U. - Let's write this word on the board. What's the first sound? What letter will we use? What's the second sound? What letter will we use? Guys, if we write the second letter “e”, read what syllable we get? It turns out to show that sound[b] soft, you need to write the letter E.
Acquaintance with the letters E, E. Characteristics of the sounds they denote.
- E and Yo are sisters.
It's not easy to tell the sisters apart.
But the letter E has two dots,
Like a ladder of nails.
U. - Today we will study the very interesting letters E, E. Look at the ribbon of letters, where are they located? That's right, these are vowels. But guys, remember, they are only letters. Why? And this is what we will find out now. Let's practice writing these letters first. What elements do they consist of?
U. – Just below, write the letter E in the boxes and read the syllables. (Similarly with beech E).
U. - Guys, what did you notice when you read the syllables, how the consonant sounds in the syllables are pronounced?
U. – This first role of the letters E, E is to soften consonants. But besides this, these letters also play a second role in the language. Let's guess the riddle: “In winter and summer in the same color.” Let's write this word down. (The teacher records independently without sound characteristics). Now say the first sound, then the second. What do we see? D. – The letter E gave two sounds[th] and [o]. It turns out that the letters E and E can represent either one or two sounds. They do not always designate two sounds, only in certain cases, which we will consider in 1st grade. These are the important letters in the Russian alphabet. Guys, I’ll tell you another secret: the letter E is always emphasized.
![](https://i0.wp.com/ds05.infourok.ru/uploads/ex/1271/00014af0-f0627c2f/hello_html_d45daae.png)
U. - Guys, now let’s read words with the letters E and E. Find a task where children play. Place the letter E in the empty squares in the words. Now let’s read the words. Let's get a look. One or two sounds will be represented by the letter E in these words.
U. - Now I will tell you the name of the child and what he is doing (based on the same picture). You need to find this word name and connect it with the picture of the child.
U. – And now for a more difficult task. You need to insert the syllables where the arrows point. Write carefully so that it is clear to read later. Read the sentences.
Composing words from syllables.
U. – This task is familiar to us. You need to make words from syllables and connect them with pictures. Try this task yourself and then check it out.
U. – Now let’s complete the last task in the lower right corner. Look, the doll brought syllables. Read them. These syllables must be placed in empty cells so that words are formed.
Bottom line. Reflection.
What new did you learn in class? What sounds can the letters E and E represent?
What have you learned?
- What is a focus group? How many people should there be?
- Social status of a person
- Math I Like Limit Theorem
- The theory of archetypes by C. G. Jung and its significance for understanding the mechanisms of perception of the objective world. Basic archetypes in Jungian analysis Jung's archetypes in brief