Koch Nobel Prize. Koch Robert: biography
Celebrity card | |
Koch Robert | |
Was born | December 11, 1843 |
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Died | 27 May 1910 |
Activity | German bacteriologist, one of the founders of the science of bacteriology |
Achievements | Developed and adapted the principles and methods of modern bacteriology. He discovered the anthrax bacillus, tuberculosis bacillus, and vibrio cholerae. Nobel Prize Laureate |
Biography
Robert was the third in a large family of Hermann Koch (a mining official) and his wife Matilda. When the boy was about ten years old, his father became the overseer of all the local mines. Herman took his son on trips, taught him to respect and study nature. Robert greedily absorbed knowledge, collected mosses and lichens, and insects with his father. Later he learned to dissect small animals and make their skeletons.
Robert Koch can read and write in 1848 before entering primary school. The boy learned quickly, so he was transferred to the Clausthal gymnasium already in 1851. Four years later he is at the top of his class. Graduated in 1862 with good recommendations in mathematics, physics, history, geography, German and English. Despite the level of “satisfactory” in Latin, Greek, Hebrew and French, he declares his intention to study philology in order to become a teacher. The gymnasium teachers talk about his abilities for further mastering mathematics, medicine, and natural sciences. This and family problems contributed to the solution young man comprehend natural Sciences at the Georg-August University in Göttingen, where he entered in the spring of 1862. Koch studies botany, physics, mathematics for two semesters, and then transfers to Faculty of Medicine. Many years later, he admitted that his thirst for scientific research was awakened by the anatomist and pathologist Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle and the physiologist Georg Meissner.
One of Koch's fifth-year projects is tracking acceptable quantities of certain food products in the weekly diet. The results of the study appeared in 1865 in the journal Zeitschrift für Medizin rationelle, founded by Henle. This report was accepted as doctoral dissertation. On final exams in Göttingen in January 1866 he received the highest award, and two months later he passed the state examination in Hanover.
Medical career
The next six years in the career of a young doctor are a period of tossing and turning. Robert strives to become a military doctor, then to see the world, hiring himself as a medic on a ship, or to go to practice abroad. Since 1866, Koch has been interning at the hospital general practice in Hamburg, where he worked during the cholera epidemic. Then he becomes an assistant in a boarding school for mentally retarded children in a village near Hannover.
Robert Koch tries to establish a small practice in the province of Posen (now Poznan, Poland), then in Potsdam. It was only in 1869, having settled in Rakwitz, that Koch managed to create a thriving practice and became a popular figure. The idyllic life was interrupted by the Franco-Prussian War, which began in July 1870. Despite his severe myopia, he volunteers to serve as a doctor in a field hospital. The medic gains invaluable experience, especially during a typhus epidemic in the Neufchâteau hospital and in the infirmary for the wounded near Orleans.
Research and achievements
Robert Koch discovered the cause of several infectious diseases and refuted the previously widespread medical belief that most diseases were caused by “bad air.” He explained the development cycle of the anthrax pathogen (1876), found the cause of tuberculosis (1882), and discovered the bacteria that causes cholera (1883).
Koch developed new methods for producing microscopic media by applying liquid gelatin to glass plates. In 1881, he described his method of obtaining pure cultures, which formed the basis of the developing field of bacteriology - the study of isolated pathogens. In 1890 he introduced what are now called Koch's postulates - four elementary rules, used to determine the “culpability” of a particular bacterium in the cause of a particular disease:
- Bacteria must be present in absolutely every case of disease;
- Bacteria must be extracted, “separated” from the patient, and grown in a pure culture (medium);
- A specific disease is caused by inoculation of a pure culture of bacteria into a healthy, susceptible organism;
- The bacteria must be obtained from an experimentally infected host.
Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1905.
Famous doctors of all times | ||
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Austrian | Adler Alfred Auenbrugger Leopold Breuer Joseph Van Swieten Gaen Antonius Selye Hans Freud Sigmund | |
Antique | Abu Ali ibn Sina (Avicenna) Asclepius Galen Herophilus Hippocrates | |
British | Brown John Harvey William Jenner Edward Lister Joseph Sydenham Thomas | |
Italian | Cardano Gerolamo Lombroso Cesare | |
German | Billroth Christian Virchow Rudolf Wundt Wilhelm Hahnemann Samuel Helmholtz Hermann Griesinger Wilhelm Gräfenberg Ernst Koch Robert Kraepelin Emil Pettenkofer Max Ehrlich Paul Esmarch Johann | |
Russian | Amosov N.M. Bakulev A.N. Bekhterev V.M. Botkin S.P. Burdenko N.N. Danilevsky V.Ya. Zakharyin G.A. Kandinsky V.Kh. Korsakov S.S. Mechnikov I.I. Mudrov M.Ya. Pavlov I.P. Pirogov N.I. |
We continue a series of essays about the lives of famous scientists who left a very noticeable mark on world science and human history.
Of course, this was unheard of courage. Little known medic Robert Koch, having mixed something colored into biological samples taken from a consumptive patient, poisoned several guinea pigs with them and declared on March 24, 1882 that he had managed to catch a bacterium that no medical genius had been able to catch before him. And this bacterium did not look like a bacterium: a stick is a stick.
The upstart doctor's full name was Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch. He was born on December 11, 1843 in the Lower Saxony town of Clausthal-Zellerfeld, in the family mining engineer Hermann Koch And daughter of the Chief Inspector of the Kingdom of Hanover Juliana Matilda Henrietta Koch, née Bivend. Grandfather Heinrich Bivend adored his grandson and allowed him to do everything, even delve into his favorite herbarium, which he and his son, as an amateur botanist, had carefully collected for many years. The boy liked multi-colored and variegated leaves and beautiful flowers, which retained beauty and mystery in their deadly dryness. Following the example of his grandfather and uncle, he also began collecting his own herbarium, becoming an amateur botanist in preschool age.
He was enrolled in elementary school when he was less than five years old. At the same time, he already knew how to read and even write quite passably, albeit in a limited way. Three years later, the boy moved to a local gymnasium, where teachers quickly recognized Robert as the best student in the class.
He truly studied with pleasure and, having graduated from high school with brilliant results, in 1862 he easily entered the University of Göttingen, famous for its rich scientific traditions. He started by studying physics and botany, but gradually switched almost completely to medicine. Of course, brilliant teachers who glorified the German medical school played a significant role in this: anatomist Jacob Henle, physiologist Georg Meissner,clinician Karl Hesse. At their lectures, they talked about incredible things: that there are living organisms so small that they cannot be seen with the naked eye, that it is these organisms, called Bakteria (in Greek - “stick”), that cause many diseases and what to fight with them, despite their microscopic size (and maybe because of this), it is extremely difficult. The young man spent hours sitting at the university microscope, growing cultures of microorganisms in Petri dishes and, with bated breath, watched until his eyes were broken as someone else’s life flourished in the nutrient solution.
In 1867, the young man, who had only received his diploma as a practicing physician a year ago, started a family. Young wife, Emma Adelfina Josephine Fratz, soon gave her husband a daughter, Gertrude. But Dr. Koch’s job was bad. Over the course of 4 years, he changed five cities, in each of which he tried to organize a private practice. But the old doctors were already firmly established everywhere, and the townspeople did not want to exchange the old for the young. But Koch’s cherished dream was not a doctor’s office, but a small cabin on an ocean ship, in which he would commit, following the example Charles Darwin, trip around the world. Robert tried more than once to get a job as a ship's doctor, but nothing came of it and his dreams remained dreams.
Finally, he managed to get a job as an assistant in a hospital for the insane in the town of Rackwitz, but he did not work there for long. When the Franco-Prussian War broke out in 1870, Robert, despite severe myopia, which exempted him from military service, volunteered in a field hospital. But for the most part, he had to treat there not wounds and fractures characteristic of wars, but banal cholera and typhoid fever. After demobilization in 1871, he received a position as a district governor. sanitary doctor in the city of Wolstein. For his 28th birthday, his wife gave him a real and very good microscope. This was an imprudent step on her part: having received a powerful optical instrument at her full disposal, Robert practically abandoned practice and devoted almost all his time to observations. He bought an expensive photographic camera, attached it to a microscope and began not only to observe the life of microbes, but, like a tabloid reporter, to record it on film. In order for pale bacteria to stand out against the background of an equally pale surrounding world, he learned to tint them with various dyes, making the microorganisms brighter and more noticeable. Finally, in order to test the theory in practice, Koch started home an entire army of laboratory mice, which he periodically infected with one, then another, then a third bacillus.
Robert Koch (right) and a surgeon examine a crocodile. The causative agent of sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis) is in the blood of a crocodile. Photo: www.globallookpress.com Upon learning that his scientific idol, the inventor of vaccinations and one of the pioneers of immunology Louis Pasteur trying to discover the causative agent of anthrax, Robert decided to try his luck in the same sector. Having received tissue samples from sick animals, he quickly identified the most specific ones among the many microorganisms present there and completely traced them life cycle. The result was a real photo report, from which it was absolutely clear which bacteria was responsible for the disease. Based on the results of his investigations, Koch published two articles in 1876 and 1877, in which, in addition to talking directly about anthrax, he also talked about his methods: microphotography and coloring. The scientist’s work became known to specialists from the famous Conheim laboratory, who, in turn, told the whole world about the promising researcher. Robert's career took off, in 1880 he received a position as government adviser to the Imperial Health Department in Berlin, and in 1881 he published another of his important work: “Methods for studying pathogenic organisms,” in which he explained exactly how to grow bacterial cultures.
Meanwhile, without intending it at all, with his success in the search for the anthrax bacterium, Koch attracted the wrath of the very Pasteur whose example he followed. The classic of world microbiology could not forgive the young upstart for daring to criticize his methods as insufficiently effective. In response publications, he attacked his opponent with stinging criticism, which threatened to bury Robert as a scientist if he failed to prove his case with some high-profile example. Robert Koch did not give up. He picked up the glove thrown to him.
Humanity has been familiar with consumption or tuberculosis for thousands of years. Even in the Babylonian Code of Hammurabi (circa 1750s BC), the right of a husband to divorce his wife was written down if she showed signs of a pulmonary disease. In Koch's time it was one of the most common diseases with no cure. Every seventh person died from it in Europe. Many doctors generally considered consumption to be a congenital disease, which was useless to fight. All the doctors could advise was to go to a resort, where the illness was not so severe. This is the disease Robert Koch identified as his next goal. The matter was helped by the fact that next to his laboratory there was a clinic almost filled with tuberculosis patients.
Isolated and placed on a ration of animal blood, they began to behave somewhat more actively. Koch followed the bacteria and realized that he had encountered completely original organisms. Unlike most microbes, which divide every few minutes, the life cycle of these "rods" lasted from 14 to 18 hours. They grew slowly, but were extremely hardy and survived even after five minutes of boiling. In order to grow a normal culture from them, a couple of days was no longer enough; we had to wait from a month to a month and a half. But the scientist was in no hurry. He methodically examined the enemy, and only after receiving sufficient quantity pure sample, introduced it to experimental guinea pigs. Those who soon showed symptoms of tuberculosis. Only after this did the scientist decide to tell the world about his discovery.
In the same publication dated March 24, 1882, he described the basic principles of searching for pathogenic bacteria, which should lead to success. The principles that microbiologists still use today are called Koch’s postulates, or “Koch’s triad”:
- It is necessary to make sure that this microbe is present in this disease,
- It is necessary to obtain a pure culture of the microbe,
- It is necessary to experimentally induce the same disease using this pure culture.
The article produced scientific world the effect of an exploding bomb. Now, after many researchers in various countries checked and confirmed the correctness of the German doctor’s conclusions, no one could argue with his methods and conclusions.
Koch himself was forced to take a break from tuberculosis for a while and devote his energy to a new illness. The German government sent him as part of a scientific expedition to Egypt, and then to India to search for the causes of the cholera that tormented these countries. And here the scientist’s methods did not fail: Robert soon announced that he had managed to find the culprit microorganism, called “vibrio cholerae.”
In 1885, the scientist received a position as a professor at the University of Berlin and became director of the newly created Institute of Infectious Diseases. In a new field, he resumed the fight against tuberculosis. Now that the enemy had been identified, it was possible to begin to destroy it. In 1890, Dr. Koch announced that he had found a cure. It was a waste product discovered by Koch"sticks". Robert called the remedy “tuberculin.” The first person to whom Koch injected “tuberculin” was himself, the second was his closest assistant. However, the statement turned out to be somewhat hasty. As a result of clinical trials, it turned out that the therapeutic effect of “tuberculin” is close to zero, and its administration often resulted in serious poisoning of the body. But quite unexpectedly it turned out that with his help terrible disease can be detected at a very early stage. Koch's first defeat turned into the first great victory over tuberculosis, because through a new method, which we today call the “Mantoux reaction” (named after the French physician Charles Mantoux, who perfected this diagnostic method in 1910), it was possible to identify infected people and animals in time and stop the spread of infection.
In 1890, a global change occurred in the scientist’s life. This 50-year-old is quiet, reserved and a kind person, an admirer of Goette’s work and a passionate fan of chess, unexpectedly divorced his wife Emma. This was a rather bold step: although divorces had been allowed in Germany for 15 years, those who took advantage of this opportunity were viewed with great condemnation by society. But the scientist was burning with passion. Posing for a portrait in front of a 17 year old student famous artist Gustav Graef Hedwig Freiberg, he was inflamed with extraordinary passion for her. And the girl reciprocated his feelings. Moreover, Hedwig has now become the scientist’s most faithful and selfless assistant. It was she who became the second person to experience the effect of “tuberculin”. Unlike Emma, Hedwig accompanied Koch on all trips, difficult expeditions and helped in all research. In 1893, Robert and Hedwig were legally married, which bound them for the rest of their lives.
Robert Koch with his second wife Hedwig in 1908. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org
In 1896, the couple went to East Africa. There, their goal was the plague that decimated cattle. A year later they were already studying the human plague in India. In 1899, Robert and Hedwig fought malaria in Italy, Java and New Guinea. And in 1903, while studying a new epizootic (epidemic in animals) in Central Africa cattle, Dr. Koch found its causative agent and, having traced the spread of the disease, called the disease “African shore fever.”
In 1905, Dr. Robert Koch was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his “research and discoveries concerning the treatment of tuberculosis.” In his Nobel lecture, he modestly said that if you try to understand the path “that has been traveled in last years in the fight against such a widespread disease as tuberculosis, we cannot help but note that the first critical steps" A year later, the government awarded him the Prussian Order of Honor. The scientist was awarded an honorary doctorate by the universities of Heidelberg and Bologna. The French Academy of Sciences, the Royal Scientific Society of London, the British Medical Association and many other scientific societies elected him as a foreign member.
In 1904, the scientist resigned as director of the institute. But he couldn’t just relax and enjoy life. Already in 1906, he and his wife again set off on a long expedition, to the Eastern and Central Africa to combat sleeping sickness. And in April 1909, Robert Koch read his last report on the topic “Epidemiology of Tuberculosis” in Berlin at the Academy of Sciences.
Robert Koch Institute in Berlin. Photo: www.globallookpress.com
“The idea that microorganisms should be the cause of infectious diseases has long been expressed by a few outstanding minds, but the first discoveries in this area were treated with extreme skepticism. It was difficult at first to prove conclusively that the microorganisms found actually constituted the cause of the disease. The validity of this position was soon fully proven for many infectious diseases...
If only hopes come true and if we manage to master the microscopic but powerful enemy in at least one bacterial infectious disease, then I have no doubt that we will soon achieve the same for other diseases.”
Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch
Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch is a famous German doctor and microbiologist, Nobel Prize laureate, founder of modern bacteriology and epidemiology. He was one of the most outstanding scientists of the twentieth century, not only in Germany, but throughout the world. Many advances in the fight against convective diseases, which before his research remained incurable, became a dramatic impetus in medicine. He did not limit himself to studying one area of knowledge, nor did he stop at a breakthrough in one disease. All his life he revealed the secrets of the most dangerous diseases. Thanks to his achievements, an incredible number of people were saved. human lives, and this is the real recognition for a scientist.
Main achievements
Herman Koch was a foreign correspondent for the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences and many other organizations. His achievements include many works on infectious diseases and the fight against them. He traced and analyzed the direct connection between disease and microorganisms. One of his main discoveries was the discovery of the causative agent of tuberculosis. He became the first scientist who managed to prove the ability of anthrax to form spores. Research into several diseases brought the scientist worldwide fame. In 1905, Hermann Koch received the Nobel Prize for his achievements. In addition, he was one of the first figures in the field of health care in Germany.
Childhood
The famous Baden-Baden scientist died in 1910 from a heart attack.
One of the volcano's craters was named after him in 1970.
Results
Koch was a real scientist, he loved his work and did it despite all the difficulties and dangers. After graduating in medicine, he switched to the path of infectious disease research, and judging by his enormous success, he did this for good reason. If he had only been engaged in private practice, he would never have been able to make so many discoveries and save great amount lives. This great biography a great man who laid down his life on the altar of science. He succeeded in something that no one else could, and only hard work and faith in knowledge helped him on this difficult path, the path of learning the secrets of the human body.
A little bit of history
Robert Koch (1843-1910), German microbiologist, one of the founders of modern bacteriology and epidemiology, foreign corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1884). Works on identifying pathogens of infectious diseases and developing methods to combat them. Formulated criteria for the etiological connection of an infectious disease with a microorganism (Koch's triad). Discovered (1882) the causative agent of tuberculosis (Koch's bacillus). For the first time he isolated a pure culture of the causative agent of anthrax and proved its ability to form spores. Suggested methods of disinfection. Nobel Prize (1905).
Koch discovered that in the vicinity of Wolstein anthrax, an endemic disease that spreads among cattle and sheep, attacks the lungs, causes carbuncles of the skin and changes in the lymph nodes. Koch knew about Louis Pasteur's experiments with animals suffering from anthrax, and also decided to observe these bacteria. Using a microscope, he traced the entire life cycle of bacteria and saw how millions arise from one rod.
Through a series of careful, methodical experiments, Koch identified the bacterium that became the only reason anthrax. He also proved that the epidemiological features of anthrax, i.e. The relationship between various factors that determine the frequency and geographic distribution of an infectious disease is determined by the development cycle of this bacterium. Koch's research was the first to prove the bacterial origin of the disease.
Koch's discoveries immediately brought him widespread fame, and in 1880, thanks largely to the efforts of Conheim, he became a government adviser to the Reichs Public Health Office in Berlin. In 1881, Koch published Methods for the Study of Pathogenic Organisms, in which he described a method for growing microbes in solid media. This method was important for isolating and studying pure bacterial cultures.
Now Koch decides to try his luck and find the causative agent of tuberculosis. The proximity of the Charité, where there were plenty of tuberculosis patients, made his task easier: unfortunately, there was plenty of material. Every day he appeared early in the morning at the hospital and received from there a little sputum from a person suffering from consumption or a few drops of blood from a sick child. Then he took the small flask to his laboratory, trying to hide it from the eyes of his assistants, and sat down at the microscope.
Days, weeks, months passed... The scientist's hands turned black with paint, and very quickly he realized that if there was a chance to see this tiny mysterious killer, it would only be with the help of coloring substances. But the colors must be too weak. We had to come up with something stronger.
Koch grinds the tuberculosis tissue, dyes it in methylene blue, then in Vesuvin, a caustic red-brown dye used for finishing leather, and looks. He forces himself to look away from the lens, leans back in his chair, covers his eyes with his hand. Having rested, he looks again. The preparation clearly shows clear blue tiny, slightly curved rods of an unusually beautiful hue. Some of them float between cellular substance, some sit inside cells. Not believing himself, Koch again turns the micrometer screw, puts on and takes off his glasses again, presses his eye close to the eyepiece, gets up from his chair and looks while standing. The picture doesn't change. Finally!..
Two hundred and seventy-first drug, Koch writes in his diary. He smiles. And only now does it dawn on him what actually happened: he discovered the causative agent of tuberculosis, a universal scarecrow about which there was so much controversy.
Koch achieved his greatest triumph on March 24, 1882, when he announced that he had isolated the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. In Koch's publications on the problems of tuberculosis, principles were first outlined, which then became known as Koch's postulates. These principles of obtaining comprehensive evidence... that a particular microorganism actually directly causes certain diseases still remain theoretical foundations medical microbiology.
In 1885, Koch became a professor at the University of Berlin and director of the newly created Institute of Hygiene. At the same time, he continued his research into tuberculosis, focusing on finding ways to treat the disease. In 1890, he announced that such a method had been found. Koch isolated the so-called tuberculin (a sterile liquid containing substances produced by the tuberculosis bacillus during growth), which caused an allergic reaction in patients with tuberculosis. However, in fact, tuberculin was not used to treat tuberculosis, since it did not have a special therapeutic effect, and its administration was accompanied by toxic reactions, which became the reason for its sharpest criticism. Protests against the use of tuberculin subsided only when it was discovered that the tuberculin test could be used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. This discovery, which played a major role in the fight against tuberculosis in cows, was main reason awarding Koch the Nobel Prize in 1905.
Lyubeznova Tatyana, 11th grade.
The life story of the great German scientist Robert Koch. This presentation can be used both in class and in extracurricular activities.
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Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch Completed by: Lyubeznova T. Checked by: Naimushina O.D.
Robert Koch was born on December 11, 1843 in Clausthal-Zellerfeld, the son of Hermann and Mathilde Henriette Koch. He was the third of thirteen children. Father - mining engineer Herman Koch, worked in the management of local mines. Mother, Juliana Matilda Henrietta Koch, née Bivend - daughter high-ranking official Heinrich Andreas Bivend, chief inspector of the Kingdom of Hanover. In 1848 he went to the local primary school. At this time he already knew how to read and write. Having finished school well, Robert Koch entered the Clausthal gymnasium in 1851, where after four years he became the best student in the class. early years life (Frühes Leben)
Higher education (Hochschulbildung) In 1862, Koch graduated from high school and then entered the University of Göttingen, famous for its scientific traditions. There he studied physics, botany, and then medicine. The most important role Many of his university teachers, including anatomist Jacob Henle, physiologist Georg Meissner and clinician Karl Hesse, played a role in shaping the future great scientist’s interest in scientific research. It is their participation in discussions about microbes and nature various diseases sparked young Koch's interest in this problem.
Research work (Forschungsarbeiten) anthrax(Milzbrand) Tuberculosis (Tuberkuljose) Cholera (Cholera) Zu dem 28 - stem Geburtstag Frau Adel′Fine Josefine Emma Franz schenkte ihm ein Mikroskop, und seitdem verbrachte Robert ganze Tage mit ihm. Er verliert Interesse an einer Privatpraxis und fing an, Forschungen und Experimente an Mäusen zu erzeugen. For his twenty-eighth birthday, his wife Emma Adelphine Josephine Franz gave him a microscope, and from then on Robert spent whole days with it. He loses all interest in private medical practice and begins to conduct research and experiments, for which he starts a large number of mice.
Places of work Humboldt University of Berlin (Humboldt-Universität in Berlin)
Institute of Microbiology on Dorotheestrasse in Berlin - here Robert Koch discovered the causative agent of tuberculosis. (Institut für Mikrobiologie an der Doroteeštrasse in Berlin, wo Robert Koch den Erreger der Tuberkulose entdeckt hat).
Awards. Preise. Reverse of the medal awarded to the winners of the 1905 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Koch was awarded many awards, including the Prussian Order of Honor, awarded by the German government in 1906, and honorary doctorates from the universities of Heidelberg and Bologna. He was also a foreign member of the French Academy of Sciences, the Royal Scientific Society of London, the British Medical Association and many other scientific societies.
The Order of the Red Eagle is a knightly order of the Kingdom of Prussia. Served as a reward for bravery in battle, outstanding command of troops, long and faithful service to the kingdom and other merits.
Pour le Mérite (French: For merit) - an order that was the highest military award Prussia until the end of the First World War. Unofficially called "Blue Max" (German: Blauer Max).
German postage stamp dedicated to the centenary of the Nobel Prize awarded to Robert Koch.
Monument to Robert Koch on the square named after him in Berlin (Denkmal für Robert Koch auf seinem Namen-Platz in Berlin)
Robert Koch's discoveries made an invaluable contribution to the development of health care, as well as to the coordination of research and practical measures in the fight against such infectious diseases, like typhoid fever, malaria, rinderpest, sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis) and human plague. contribution to science asis) Plagen und Menschen gemacht.
Robert Koch wurde im 11. December 1843 in Clausthal- Cellerfel′de geboren.Er war der Sohn von Hermann und Mathilde Henriette Koch. Robert war das dritte von dreizehn Kindern. Sein Vater war Ingenieur Hermann Koch, in local Minen gearbeitet. Seine Mutter, Juliana Mathilde Henriette Koch, geb. Bivend, Tochter von einer hochrangigen offiziellen Heinrich Andreas Bivenda, Generalinspekteur Königsreiches Hannovers. 1848 ginger in die Grundschule. Damals wusste schon mal lesen und schreiben. Nach dem Abitur, betritt Robert Koch im Jahr 1851 das Gymnasium Klaustalâ , i n dem vier Jahre später der beste Schüler in der Klasse geworden war. Frühes Leben
Hochschulbildung 1862 absolvierte Koch Gymnasium und dann ging er für seine wissenschaftlichen Traditionen an Universität Göttingen. Dort studierte er Physik, Botanik und Medizin. Eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Zukunftsgestaltung des großen Wissenschaftlers für wissenschaftliche Forschung spielten viele von seinen Universitätsprofessoren, darunter Jakob Henle, Physiologe und Anatom Georg Meissner und Kliniker, Karl Hess. Es ist ihre Teilnahme an Debatten über das Wesen der Krankheit Mikroben und beleuchtet das junge Koch Interesse für diesen Problem.