When did nationalities appear? Empty words: a brief history of the term “nation”
On September 10, 2014, the Divine Liturgy was served in the church. Today the Orthodox Church celebrates the day of remembrance of the discovery of the relics of St. Job of Pochaev. The Monk Job, abbot of Pochaev, wonderworker, was born in the mid-16th century in Galicia, in the Pokuttya region. And he was named John in holy baptism. At the age of 10, he came to the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Ugornitsky Monastery, located there in Galicia.
With entry into the monastery begins for young John new life. Not content with the mere obedience to which the ecclesiarch placed him, young John tried to please each monk with different services. He tried to carry out every task with meekness and humility. Such a life of the reverend monk in the Ugornitsky Transfiguration Monastery glorified him throughout Galicia. Seeing his good behavior and deep humility, the abbot, with general consent, tonsured him to the monastic rank when he was twelve years old and named him Job. Advancing one day in virtue and reaching full age, i.e. For 30 years, the Monk Job was elevated to the degree of priesthood. Around 1580, he headed the Holy Cross Monastery near the city of Dubno. Having become abbot, the Monk Job first of all began to take care of restoring order in monastic life. He ruled the monastery for more than 20 years. At the beginning of the 15th century, the monk retired to the Pochaev Mountain - to that monastery that is now known under the name of the Pochaev Lavra.
The Monk Job’s concerns about the improvement of the monastery did not prevent him from indulging in ascetic deeds. In the cave in which he labored, traces of his kneeling still remain. Often retiring to this cave, he sometimes three days, and sometimes spent weeks in prayer and fasting. The Venerable Abbot of Pochaev took part in the Kiev Council in 1628. At the Council, Job signed a conciliar resolution, in which he stated that he “stands firmly in the Orthodox faith, does not think about retreating into the union, and under an oath promises not to retreat, and also to exhort the entire Orthodox people.” Reverend Job - in the great schema, John lived to be 100 years old and, having predicted the day of his death a week in advance, quietly rested on October 28, 1651. In 1659, on August 8, Metropolitan Dionysius with Archimandrite Theophan and the brethren opened the coffin of the saint, and his holy relics were found incorrupt. On August 28 (September 10), 1833, the relics of St. Job were solemnly opened for public veneration. In 1902, the Holy Synod determined on this day to carry the holy relics of St. Job around the Assumption Cathedral of the Pochaev Lavra after the Divine Liturgy.
After Tatar invasion all southwestern Rus', devastated and ruined, was almost depopulated. A hundred years later it was occupied by Lithuanian troops. And when at the end of the 15th century the Union of Lublin was proclaimed and Poland and Lithuania were united, then difficult times of oppression of the Orthodox faith began for the native Russian Orthodox population.
In 1559, the Greek Metropolitan Neophytos came to Volyn and brought with him a miraculous icon Mother of God. By inspiration from above, he left her in the house of the pious landowner Anna Goiskaya.
In 1596 over Orthodox faith, by God's permission, a terrible misfortune broke out: the fact was that, persecuting the Orthodox, the Polish government tried to ensure that the episcopal sees were replaced by persons who were not steadfast in Orthodoxy, and these bishops agreed to recognize the power of the pope at a council convened in Brest-Litovsk .
The Orthodox rite was preserved, but those who agreed to this union, or union, became Catholics. And the Catholics began to oppress and oppress the people who remained faithful to Orthodoxy and did not recognize the Union of Brest-Litovsk.
Then many began to go to the steppes and rapids beyond the Dnieper, and there they formed a free Cossack army, which rebelled many times to defend the Orthodox faith.
Others began to unite in church brotherhoods or become under the protection of nobles who remained faithful to Orthodoxy. The most prominent of them was Prince Konstantin Ostrozhsky, around whom a circle of scientists formed. He founded a theological academy and a printing house in his city of Ostrog, and they wrote a lot in defense of Orthodoxy.
The very next year after the announcement of the union, Anna Goyskaya, for the sake of strengthening Orthodoxy, handed over the miraculous icon that she kept to the hermit monks who labored on the mountain called Pochaevskaya, and from then on this holy icon began to be called the Pochaevskaya Icon of the Mother of God.
Pochaevskaya Mountain was located not far from the estate of Anna Goyskaya and became famous a long time ago, even during the Tatar invasion in 1240. The Most Holy Theotokos herself appeared on it to the shepherds, and in memory of this she deigned to leave a trace of Her foot, called “Foot Holy Mother of God" Since then, hermits began to labor on this mountain, and the monks of the destroyed Kiev-Pechersk Monastery found refuge on it. Since the transfer of the miraculous icon of the Mother of God to Pochaevskaya Mountain, a monastery was founded there.
Rev. Job lived during these Hard times. He was born in 1550 in Galicia and was called in the world John of Iron. When he was ten years old, he entered the Ugornitsky Monastery. In that early age He was so successful in his monastic exploits that at the age of 12 he was already tonsured into the mantle with the name Job, upon reaching adulthood he was elevated to the priestly rank, and at the age of thirty he was awarded the great schema, and the name John was returned to him. He especially loved this name and always signed himself with it, but he was canonized with the name Job.
At the request of Prince Ostrog, Rev. Job was transferred to the Dubensky monastery, which was in his possession, where he became abbot and wrote a lot in defense of Orthodoxy. However, the thirst for an ascetic solitary life forced him to switch to St. Mount Pochaevskaya, but even there he was elected abbot. For prayerful feats, he retired to a stone cave: his legs were covered with wounds so that the bones were exposed.
He was a practitioner of the unceasing Jesus Prayer - “Lord Jesus Christ, have mercy on me, a sinner,” which brings the ascetic to high spiritual levels. Now, his disciple and associate Dosifei, who after his death became his successor as abbot, tells about him. “Once, when the monk was praying in that cave, suddenly the light of God’s grace shone over him, shining throughout the entire church for two hours incessantly. When I saw him, I fell to the ground in great horror, overcome by such a wonderful vision.”
What power the holy elder achieved over the sinful human soul is shown next case: one day, coming to the monastery threshing floor at night, he saw a thief who wanted to put a sack of grain on his back. The monk helped him lift this sack, but reminded him of the answer at the terrible Judgment of Christ. Shocked in a nutshell saint, the sinner fell at his feet begging for forgiveness.
At the monastery of St. Job introduced communal regulations. He surrounded the monastery with a fence with the help of pious landowners Theodore and Eva Domashevsky and erected the Holy Trinity Cathedral, and then six more smaller churches. He created the Pochaev printing house and continued to write in defense of Orthodoxy. One of his books has survived under the title “The Book of Job Iron, Abbot of Pochaev, written by his powerful hand.” In 1889 it was published under the title “Pochaev Bee”.
Printing house Rev. Job, renewed at the beginning of this century by Archimandrite Vitaly (Maksimenko), was taken abroad by him after the Russian Revolution and now continues to exist in America, in the Holy Trinity Monastery, serving the spiritual needs of the Russian emigration.
Rev. brought many sorrows. Job is the heir of Anna Goiskaya, Lutheran Firley. He took possession of the monastery lands and even the miraculous icon. But St. the icon was returned to the monastery after Firlei’s wife suffered God’s punishment for blasphemy against her, and the lands were returned by court shortly before the death of the saint.
IN free time Rev. Job loved to garden and planted a beautiful garden in Pochaev.
In 1620, he took part in the Kiev Council, which condemned the union and decided to stand firmly for Orthodoxy. Under this decree there is a signature: “Ioann Zhelezo, Abbot of Pochaevsky.”
Rev. passed away. Job October 28, 1651. His relics were discovered in 1659 after his appearance three times to Metropolitan Dionysius of Kyiv. Soon after this, Eva Domashevskaya came to the monastery for a pilgrimage. At night, she saw a light shining in Trinity Church and heard singing. Her servant, the maiden Anna, went to find out what kind of service was being performed, and to her horror she saw that the church doors were open, and in the middle of the church, between two angels, the saint was praying in an unusually light robe. Job. Turning to the girl, he ordered her to call Abbot Dositheus, who was hopelessly ill at that time, and gave her a cloth for him, dipped in myrrh. The sick man, having received this cloth, anointed himself with it and received healing.
In 1675, the Tatars besieged the Pochaev Monastery. On the third day of the siege, during the reading of the akathist, the Queen of Heaven Herself appeared over the monastery. The Tatars tried to shoot arrows at the heavenly phenomenon, but the arrows came back and hit them. Then the Tatars fled.
In 1721, the Pochaev Monastery was taken over by the Uniates. They honored the miraculous icon of the Mother of God, but they closed access to the relics of the saint to believers. However, after 20 years, the saint’s miracles forced them to admit believers to them.
In 1831 the Uniates were reunited with Orthodox Church. The relics of the saint were again solemnly opened, and the Pochaev Monastery was declared a Lavra.
Venerable Job of Pochaev.
The Monk Job of Pochaev was born around 1551 in Galicia from pious parents nicknamed Iron and was named John in baptism. He lived in difficult years for Russia, when on its western outskirts the Orthodox people of Volyn and Galicia were subjected to church and political oppression by Polish-Lithuanian magnates.
At the age of ten, the boy left his parents' home and asked the abbot of the nearby Ugornitsky monastery to allow him to serve in the monastery. With his zeal, he won the love of the monastic brotherhood, and the perspicacious abbot foresaw great spiritual gifts in him. In the twelfth year of his life, John took monastic vows with the name Job, and in the thirteenth - after many monastic feats - he was ordained to the priesthood (he later accepted the schema).
News of Job's spiritual exploits spread widely throughout the region. Nobles began to come to the monk, asking for spiritual guidance. He began to enjoy special trust and patronage of the famous defender of Orthodoxy in Volyn, Prince Konstantin Ostrozhsky. The prince turned to the abbot with a request to release the Monk Job to his princely Dubensky Cross Monastery. The abbot agreed, and after some time the Monk Job was placed at the head of the Dubno brethren.
Particularly important for the strengthening of Orthodoxy in Volyn was book publishing and literary activity Saint Job. Long years(until 1932) in the Pochaev monastery the work of the venerable man himself was kept - “The Book of Blessed Job of Pochaev, written by his powerful hand,” containing up to 80 conversations, teachings, sermons, as well as extracts from the patristic ascetic and polemical works.
The Monk Job served as abbot until 1649. He appointed a successor to himself at almost a hundred years of age - at the time of the transfer of the rank, the monk was 98 years old. But even after this, Job participated in the most important affairs of the monastery. On November 2, 1651, the saint received a revelation about his imminent death, and on November 9 he peacefully passed away.
The Monk Job was buried near the cave where he labored. A wonderful light was often seen over his grave. Seven years after his death, Saint Job appeared three times in a dream to Metropolitan Dionysius (Balaban) of Kyiv with the news that the time had come to reveal his holy relics. Imperishable relics St. Job was transferred to the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, where many miracles happened next to them.
The miraculous healings from the relics of St. Job prompted the Holy Synod to open them a second time, which was done on September 10, 1833. This date is now considered an Orthodox holiday.
The Orthodox holiday is celebrated on September 10. The Holy Dormition Pochaev Lavra is one of the greatest shrines of the Orthodox world. This monastery has centuries-old history, with which a considerable number of names of monks who dedicated in their time are associated own life serving the Lord. Such was the Monk Job of Pochaev.
This saint is revered by the Church on specific days of the year. One of these holidays falls on September 10th. As part of it, Orthodox Christians remember such an event as the discovery of the relics of the saint of God. Reverend Job of Pochaev, in the world Ivan Ivanovich Zhelezo, was born around 1551 in Galicia, Pokuttsk region, into a family of pious Christians.
While still a little boy, John was distinguished from other children by his perfection of mind and wisdom beyond his years. Even then, there was complete consistency between his thoughts and actions. At the age of 10, John felt a desire to retire into solitude and become an ascetic. This desire turned out to be stronger even than the love for his parents - the boy simply could not resist it. Therefore, he left his father’s house and headed to the nearby Ugornitsky Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery.
Upon arrival, John turned to the abbot of the monastery with an ardent request to accept him among the brethren, and he, seeing such zeal of the young creature, joyfully agreed. From that moment on, it began for the boy new stage earthly existence. The Ecclesiarch gave the boy obedience according to his strength, but he, feeling himself in the monastic environment, like a fish in water, did not limit himself to the work entrusted to him. John tried to please each of the brethren by performing certain services.
The peculiarities of his nature could not hide from the gaze of the abbot and the brethren, therefore, at the age of 12, the abbot of the monastery tonsured him as a monk with everyone’s consent. The boy received a new name - Job, which entailed the young monk imitating a new example - the long-suffering Job, the Old Testament righteous man.
When Job reached his 30th birthday, he was elevated to the priesthood. This made the ascetic even more famous: now they knew about him outside the Russian land, in Poland. After 1642, the ascetic of the Russian land accepted the great schema with the name John. For a long time from then on, he lived in a cave, secluding himself in a cell for several days, or even a whole week. During one of these retreats, according to the testimony of the brethren, the cell of the Monk Job was illuminated by a bright unearthly light.
The ascetic John departed to the Lord on October 28, 1651. His relics were not opened for veneration immediately, but only in 1659. This event was preceded by the threefold appearance of the Monk Job to Metropolitan Dionysius of Kyiv.
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