When to start the heating season according to the law. Heating period according to the law of days
Many people believe that turning heating on and off directly depends on the indicators average daily temperature. However, this is only a minor factor, since the decisive factor remains the date. Let's figure out when it starts and ends heating season.
Schedule for turning off and connecting heating
The timing of heating start-up and shutdown is primarily determined by the date. Naturally, if in December warm weather lasts for several days, no one will turn off the heating. In this case, they can only reduce the supply power.
But even if the temperature does not fall below normal, the heating will still be turned on in early November. Also has a moderate impact daily temperature outside and the normal temperature in the apartment.
From what date to supply heating to residential apartments and when to stop supplying heat is decided not by housing and communal services, but by regional authorities. They make the schedule. However, Russian legislation sets the boundaries and limits.
Thus, the heating season should begin from October 1 to October 15. The average daily temperature should be less than +8 degrees and remain at this level for five days.
The heating season may end in mid-April - early May, provided that the average daily temperature is above +8 degrees and lasts for five days in a row. However, if frost is expected in the near future, they will not turn off the heat.
For comfortable life It is important to maintain a comfortable temperature in the apartment. The minimum temperature standard is established at the legislative level. But it is important to adhere to general recommendations, which depend directly on the residents.
Normal temperature in the apartment
- The normal temperature in residential premises is at least +18 degrees; in corner rooms it should not fall below +20 degrees;
- It is advisable that the temperature in the bedrooms should not exceed 17-18 degrees. This mode will ensure healthy and comfortable sleep;
- A temperature of 18-19 degrees is suitable for kitchen premises, since this is where a large number of electrical and heating devices. With more high temperature It will be very hot and stuffy here while cooking. In addition, more dirt, grime and grease will remain on the walls, furniture and ceiling. How to wash off grease in the kitchen, see;
- In the bathroom you need to maintain a temperature of 24-26 degrees, since this room is characterized by high humidity. At lower temperatures, you will feel damp and cold, and mold and mildew may appear;
- Special attention temperature conditions pay if you live in an apartment small child. For newborn children, a comfortable temperature is considered to be 22-24 degrees, for older babies it is 20-22 degrees;
- In rooms other than the bathroom, do not exceed the temperature above 22 degrees, otherwise the rooms will be stuffy and uncomfortable.
How to heat an apartment in the off-season
If the heating season has not yet arrived and the apartment is cold, you can use additional heating methods. This is especially important if there are small children living in the house. In this case, fan heaters will help, they can heat even large areas in a short time.
To heat the room, floor or wall heating convectors or oil heaters are also used. They don't provide negative influence on the content and quality of air, but they dry it. In addition, such radiators consume a large amount of electricity.
Air conditioners are a suitable solution because they are safe, efficient, practical and economical. In addition, they combine the functions of cooling and heating the room, depending on the needs.
We looked at when and at what temperature the heating is turned off and on. We learned how to heat a room in the off-season. But what to do if the heating time has already come, but there is still no heat in the radiators?
If the apartment has no heating
The temperature in residential premises should not be below normal. If during the heating season there are cold radiators in the apartment, you need to write a complaint to the organization that services the house. This is a housing office, a homeowners association or a management company.
Find an agreement with this institution, which, as a rule, stipulates the conditions for filing a complaint or claim. In addition, statements are written to these organizations if there is no gas or electricity.
Applications are submitted in writing, describing the problem in detail with a request to report on the results of consideration of the application, take action, and recalculate payments for utilities.
Be sure to make and save a copy of the claim! The application must be accepted and registered with the housing office, homeowners association or management organization.
After submitting an application, an expert comes to the apartment to take temperature measurements and check the condition of the plumbing in the premises. As a result of the inspection, he draws up a corresponding act. If the temperature is below normal, and the service company is to blame, the violations must be corrected within 7-10 days.
If the problem is low-quality batteries installed in the apartment, the owner himself must replace or repair the radiators. For example, heating appliances are outdated or broken. To carry out work, you must obtain permission from the management company, housing office or homeowners association!
If the heating is turned off due to an emergency, there is no need to do additional checks and measurements of the temperature in the apartment. In this case, the service organization must restore heating in no more than 16 hours at temperatures in residential premises above 12 degrees Celsius and in four hours at temperatures below + 10 degrees.
If the deadlines are exceeded, you can request a recalculation of heating payments. As a result, payment is reduced by 0.15% of the cost of the tariff for each degree of deviation from the normal temperature and by the same amount for each hour of exceeding the deadlines. To recalculate, you need to write a corresponding application and submit it to the service organization.
If the problem is not resolved
If the HOA, housing office or management company have not taken any measures, or the problem has not been resolved within two weeks after drawing up the report, you need to file a complaint with the State Housing Inspectorate, Rospotrebnadzor or directly with the Prosecutor's Office. Or you can send an application to three authorities at once. To speed up the result, it is better to compose collective complaint residents.
In the application, carefully describe the problem, attach a copy of the request to the service organization, a copy of the report and a copy of the service’s response. In addition, you can take additional temperature measurements and check the living conditions in the apartment with the help of an independent expert.
Wonderful spring holiday, which is called International Women's Day, or, simply and briefly " March 8", celebrated in many countries of the world.
In Russia, March 8 is an official holiday, an additional day off .
In general, in our country this date was declared a holiday from the moment of the widespread establishment of Soviet power, and half a century later it also became a day off. In the USSR, the celebration largely had a political context, since historically the event in honor of which the holiday was established was an important day in the workers’ struggle for their rights. And also precisely on March 8, 1917 (old style, new - February 23, 1917) from the strike of workers of St. Petersburg factories, into which the celebration of the International women's day, the February Revolution began.
International Women's Day on March 8 is a UN observance, and the organization includes 193 states. Memorable dates, announced by the General Assembly, are designed to encourage UN members to show increased interest in these events. However, on this moment Not all member states of the United Nations have approved the celebration of Women's Day in their territories on the specified date.
Below is a list of countries that celebrate International Women's Day. Countries are grouped into groups: in a number of states the holiday is an official non-working day (day off) for all citizens, on March 8th only women rest, and there are states where they work on March 8th.
In which countries is the holiday March 8 a day off (for everyone):
* In Russia- March 8 is one of the most favorite holidays, when men congratulate all women without exception.
* In Ukraine- International Women's Day continues to remain an additional holiday, despite regular proposals to exclude the event from the list non-working days and replace it, for example, with Shevchenko Day, which will be celebrated on March 9.
* In Abkhazia.
* In Azerbaijan.
* In Algeria.
* In Angola.
* In Armenia.
* In Afghanistan.
* In Belarus.
* To Burkina Faso.
* In Vietnam.
* In Guinea-Bissau.
* In Georgia.
* In Zambia.
* In Kazakhstan.
* In Cambodia.
* In Kenya.
* In Kyrgyzstan.
* IN DPRK.
* In Cuba.
* In Laos.
* In Latvia.
* In Madagascar.
* In Moldova.
* In Mongolia.
* In Nepal.
* In Tajikistan- since 2009, the holiday was renamed Mother's Day.
* In Turkmenistan.
* In Uganda.
* In Uzbekistan.
* In Eritrea.
* In South Ossetia.
Countries where March 8 is a women's-only day off:
There are countries where only women are exempt from work on International Women's Day. This rule approved:
* In China.
* In Madagascar.
Which countries celebrate March 8, but it is a working day:
In some countries, International Women's Day is widely celebrated, but is a working day. This:
* Austria.
* Bulgaria.
* Bosnia and Herzegovina.
* Germany- in Berlin, since 2019, March 8 is a day off, in the country as a whole it is a working day.
* Denmark.
* Italy.
* Cameroon.
* Romania.
* Croatia.
* Chile.
* Switzerland.
In which countries is March 8 NOT celebrated?
* In Brazil, the majority of whose residents have not even heard of the “international” holiday of March 8th. The main event of the end of February - beginning of March for Brazilians and Brazilian women is not Women's Day at all, but the largest in the world according to the Guinness Book of Records, the Brazilian Festival, also called the Carnival in Rio de Janeiro. In honor of the festival, Brazilians rest for several days in a row, from Friday until noon on Catholic Ash Wednesday, which marks the beginning of Lent (which for Catholics has a flexible date and begins 40 days before Catholic Easter).* In the USA, the holiday is not an official holiday. In 1994, an attempt by activists to get the celebration approved by Congress failed.
* In the Czech Republic (Czech Republic) - most of the country's population views the holiday as a relic of the communist past and main symbol old regime.
Hello! First of all, about how the end date of the heating season is determined. For any specialist working in the heat and power industry, founding document are the "Rules technical operation thermal power plants". Read here in paragraph 11.7. “The heating season ends if, within five days, the average daily outside air temperature is +8 °C or higher.”
And in the “Rules for providing utilities owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings” we read approximately the same thing, paragraph 5 “If thermal energy for space heating needs is supplied to in-house engineering systems via centralized networks of engineering support, then the contractor begins and ends heating season within the deadlines established authorized body. The heating period must begin or end on the day following the end of the 5-day period during which, respectively, the average daily outside air temperature is below 8 degrees Celsius or the average daily outside air temperature is above 8 degrees Celsius.”
Consequently, the decision to end the heating season is made by the administration of the locality if the temperature remains +8 °C or higher for five days in a row. Such a decision is formalized in the form of an order (instruction) about the end of the heating season signed by the mayor as head of administration. In fact, of course, the administrations of cities and villages do not strictly adhere to the point about plus eight degrees Celsius and above for five days in a row, but rather listen to this requirement. The end of the heating season often depends on economic and even political reasons. For example, the mayor of a city has elections in the summer or early autumn, then he will not sign an order to turn off the heating early. By at least, in the provinces this is true.
So, we figured out the date and procedure for turning off the heating. The mayor of the city or the head of the settlement issues a decree or order, and the heating begins to be turned off. Moreover, here the procedure is the opposite of that when turning on the heating. That is, residential buildings are switched off first, then hospitals, schools, and kindergartens. In general, this is correct.
When directly turning off the heating in ITPs (heating units), you should also follow the procedure reverse to that when turning on the heating. That is, first they turn it off, close the house valve on the supply, and only then on the return. A house valve is a valve on a pipeline that regulates the flow of coolant directly to or from a building.
On the supply side, this is, as a rule, a valve after the elevator or mixing unit, the last one in the ITP on the pipeline, before the heating is distributed directly through the building. On the return line - the first valve on the pipeline internal system heating coming from the building to the ITP. So these valves must be closed at the end of the heating season. The system must remain filled with network water. This is done to prevent the system pipelines from filling with air and to reduce the corrosion process.
So, the pipelines were blocked, the system was turned off. Next, it is advisable to remove the pressure gauges in the ITP (heating point). The fact is that pressure gauges must be checked every year, that is, they must be checked by the relevant body (center for standardization and metrology) and stamped on them if everything is in order.
If everything is not in order, then reject it. For objects I have 5-7 percent of total number The pressure gauges submitted for verification are rejected every year.
Well, in general, at this point the measures to turn off the heating can be considered completed. Next comes preparation for the heating season.
Among the problems existing in the housing and communal services sector, citizens are particularly concerned about the issue of duration of the heating season. Many people do not know when it starts and ends, and who is responsible for supplying heat. Later in the article we will deal with these issues.
Myths about the heating season
There are several misconceptions among citizens:
- Due to the fact that housing cooperatives, management companies or homeowners associations are responsible for the implementation of utility services, these organizations are also responsible for supplying heat to houses. Accordingly, it is they who decide when to start heating season period.
- Due to the fact that hot water comes from the resource supply company, it is she who makes the decision to start supplying heat.
- Since standards and tariffs for payment for services are established by regional authorities, they are responsible for the beginning and.
Another common myth is related to the timing of heat supply. Many believe that it begins no earlier than in 5 days, during which the air temperature outside will be below +8 degrees. Accordingly, some citizens believe that if this condition is met for 4 days, and on the fifth day the temperature rises above +8, heat will not be supplied.
Rules for the provision of public services
This document was approved by government decree No. 354 of 2011. The Rules provide explanations on many issues related to the provision of housing and communal services to the population. They also explain the procedure for supplying heat.
As established in paragraph 5 of the Rules, if the supply of thermal energy for heating is carried out through in-house engineering systems centralized network provision, then the beginning and end heating season is established by the authorized body. Moreover, it must begin no later than and end no later than earlier in the day, following the end date of the five-day period during which the average daily air temperature outside was below or above 8 degrees. respectively.
Explanations
The words “no later” mean that the heating period can be started by the contractor (service provider) earlier than the deadline. In theory, this can happen at any time, but depends on outside air. During the heating season air temperature may vary. However, what matters is average per day.
For example, it’s +12 degrees outside during the day and +2 degrees at night. Thus, it turns out that the average value is +7. It is necessary to understand that average temperature of the heating period V different regions different. Accordingly, it also affects the duration of the heat supply period.
Based on the provisions of paragraph 5 of the Rules, we can conclude that the contractor has the right to turn on the heating at any time. But he has an obligation to do this if the average temperature remains below +8 for 5 days.
Authorized body
The Rules do not indicate who is responsible during the heating season. With outside temperature everything is more or less clear. It is unclear which body should be considered authorized. Let us turn to the provisions of Federal Law No. 131.
In paragraph 4 of paragraph 1 of part 16 of the article indicated normative document The issues falling under the jurisdiction of municipal authorities include the organization of gas, water, heat supply, drainage and sewerage within the municipality. Based on Article 7 of the same law, on issues local significance legal acts are adopted directly by the population or territorial self-government structures (their officials).
Consequently, the organization of heat supply is included in the list of issues on which decisions are made by local authorities. This conclusion is specified in the Rules and Standards for the Operation of Housing Stock. Clause 2.6.9 states that it begins on the date specified in legal acts territorial structures self-government. In the absence of such a decision, neither the HOA, nor the management company, nor other organizations can begin supplying heat to houses, even if within 5 days. The average daily temperature is below +8.
conclusions
Based on the information provided, we can conclude the following. Authority to decide to start heating season vested in local authorities. The exception is federal cities. values (St. Petersburg, Sevastopol, Moscow). In them, relevant decisions can be adopted by government bodies.
It should begin after five days, during which the average daily temperature was at +8. Simply put, heat is supplied on the sixth day. At the same time, the law does not prohibit starting earlier than the specified time. But, in any case, there must be a solution local authorities authorities.
Heating system calculation
It is carried out according to several parameters:
- Average temperature of the heating period. It is expressed in degrees.
- Duration heating period (degree days)).
- An indicator of the air temperature outside during cold times. Standard values are given in SNiP 2.04.05-91.
Degree days are calculated using the following formula:
GSOP = (TVn - Tot.trans.) x z, wherein:
- Tvn - indoor temperature. For private houses, the indicator established in GOST 12.1.005-88 (20 degrees) is used.
- That.per. - heating period temperature.
- Z is the duration of the heat supply period.
The value of the last two parameters is established in SNiP 01/23/99.
The specified parameters in different cities are different. It's connected with of different durations heat supply period and different temperatures outside air. So, for example, in northern regions the duration of the period can be more than 300 days, and in the south - not exceed two months.
Features of heat supply
Heating is supplied to houses according to certain rules. If the supply is carried out through central engineering networks, then the heat is supplied through the pipeline. It is connected to the central boiler houses of the corresponding area and thermal power plants. From there he goes to houses.
In central boiler houses water is used as a coolant. The heating systems used allow you to keep its temperature at the same level. In thermal power plants, the coolant is steam. It first goes to turbines, where it is used to generate electricity, and then goes into the pipeline.
Direct supply of steam or water is carried out into an extensive engineering network. It runs above and below ground to the structures. The network has two pipes. According to the first, the coolant is supplied to consumers, and according to the second, it is already cooled and returned back. Due to continuous circulation, the optimal temperature is maintained in the apartments.
As a rule, engineering and technical pipes are used with a cross-section of up to 140 cm. They are made of steel sheets and protected by thermal insulation materials.
The apartments have thin pipes and radiators that increase heating efficiency.
System nuances
It is logical that in summer period There is no need for heating. Therefore in warm time year the heating is turned off. This usually happens in the spring, after the temperature outside has established itself and remains at least +8 for 5 days. The heat supply is usually turned on in the fall.
Turning off heating for the summer allows citizens to save on utilities. In this case, service organizations can conduct a serviceability check engineering systems, identify and eliminate malfunctions or replace worn elements.
Finally
Issues related to the heating season, as a rule, concern mainly the population living in harsh climatic conditions. In remote areas of the country, the summer period lasts about 1-2 months. The air temperature drops already in September. In October-November, frosts begin in some regions. All this significantly complicates not only the lives of citizens, but also the work of housing and communal services. The heating system is under increased load, and the warm season is sometimes not enough to carry out checks and eliminate identified faults.
It's easiest for residents of the southern regions. Here the situation is the opposite. Winter in such regions lasts 1-2 months. The rest of the time the air temperature is above zero.
It should, however, be said that the procedure for supplying heat to the population applies throughout the country. This means that if in southern regions The average daily temperature for 5 days will remain below +8, heating must be turned on for citizens.
Heat can be supplied not only to apartment buildings, but also to private houses. However, not everyone benefits from this. Connecting to a centralized network costs more than installation autonomous system in the house.
Due to the climatic conditions of the region, heating apartments and houses in cold weather is prerequisite comfortable and safe living in them.
The beginning and end of the heating season are tied to a specific date, but adjustments may be made to the timing if the cold snap begins earlier than usual. Therefore, the heating season may have a different start date, this is decided local authorities, city utilities, sanitary services.
For those apartment owners who use a centralized mains, it is important to know when heat will begin to be supplied. After all violation of the regime is a reason to file a complaint with the responsible authority.
ATTENTION! The standard heating period is typical for houses with centralized system heat supply. Homeowners with an individual boiler can independently turn the heating on or off.
Determination of the heating season
Traditionally, heat is provided to the apartment in the fall, somewhere in the middle of this time of year. This is when the air temperature begins to decrease. Inside the apartments, the air is cooled to the permissible limit. The duration of the heating season is about six months, it completion depends on the establishment of a comfortable outside temperature s.
IMPORTANT! The appearance of the concept of a heating season in the public utilities sector became possible after the development of a centralized supply of thermal energy to apartment buildings.
What law regulates the process of heating residential premises?
The dates that define the heating season - October 15 and April 15 - are arbitrary. Utilities are roughly guided by them when preparing equipment and networks for long-term operation during the cold period. But in reality, the start and finish of heating houses is set differently every year, depending on the weather and the average temperature outside.
On May 26, 2006, a Government Decree was issued Russian Federation under number 304, according to which To start heating, you need to fix the temperature no higher than 8 degrees for 5 days. To calculate the average temperature, the highest and lowest air readings for the day are summed up.
ATTENTION! Sometimes residents of houses complain that even after 5 days of cold (below 8 degrees), the radiators in the house are cold. But heat does not enter the apartments immediately after the boiler room is started; it may take more than one day to heat all objects evenly.
Principles of district heating
The pipeline through which heat is supplied to the house consists of pipes extending from the central city boiler house. Typically, the coolant in the pipeline is hot water. But can be used for heating steam, electricity.
In apartments, pipes are installed at the entrance hot water and on her way out. Thanks to a properly designed heating system, thermal energy is evenly distributed throughout the pipes and radiators. Centralized heating of apartments is used in populated areas with different amounts population.
This type of heating is convenient, practical, and economical. But its duration does not always correspond to weather conditions. Therefore, it is important for apartment residents to know the norms for turning on heating depending on outside temperature.
What determines the start of heat supply?
At what temperature the heating is turned on is a question that interests consumers every autumn, because there is no desire to freeze in the house due to the fact that the autumn bad weather began earlier than expected. If in a residential area long time the average temperature remains low, this affects the health of residents, the condition of furnishings and the house itself.
ATTENTION! No matter what date the heating season starts, it is important that utility companies are fully prepared for it. It is necessary to check the integrity of the pipeline, the reliability of the boiler room equipment, the readiness heating system inside the house to the hot water supply.
- For a certain time, standards determined the start of heating in October throughout the country. But at this large area climatic conditions different in cities and villages, depending on climate zone. And so the order of the start of the season was changed, as was its duration.
- Which months are included in the heating period? This also depends on the region. In hot areas, heating only needs to take place for a few months, cold part The country needs heating of houses almost all year (ten months).
By law, heat energy suppliers must turn on heating systems for residential buildings if the outside temperature is no higher than 8 degrees Celsius for more than 5 days.
But the rules and procedures for the heating season are also taken into account by others. important factors. Even if at the beginning of autumn or late spring It's cold outside, but weather forecasters give a forecast warming soon, the batteries may remain cold. During the inter-heating period, it is very rare to start the heating system; this is associated with high costs.
The official decree on the beginning of the centralized heating season for apartments and houses is a guide to action for municipal utilities in the locality. Before the release of such a resolution, experts calculate the most favorable beginning of the period; for this, they record data on the average daily outside air temperature several times a day, and study information from meteorologists and weather forecasters.
ATTENTION! The heating period must begin before frost, since when average temperature below zero, remaining for some time, equipment not working thermal pipeline, the boiler room fails. Expensive repairs will entail large expenses.
For the same reason, suppliers do not carry out heat shutdowns until the desired temperature on the street.
Features of the end of the central heating season
- How long the heating period lasts and when it ends - it is important to know this information in order to demand high-quality utility services from heat suppliers. The months when you have to pay for heat are the most difficult in terms of financial costs for the population.
- In what month the heating will be turned off this year cannot be said in advance, it depends weather conditions, on the duration of low temperatures, on the climate zone in which it is located locality. Therefore, modern law does not establish an exact date when the period of heating residential premises by a centralized system ends.
- Like the beginning of the heat supply, its end is related to the outside temperature. An important indicator to shut off the coolant supply is to maintain a certain outside temperature for 5 days.
- Suppliers must strictly comply with this and other conditions for the end of the heating period.
If it's frosty, low temperatures persist for a long time even in the spring, the heating season is delayed, although this will lead to high utility bills.
And yet, without comfortable temperature It is impossible to live in a house, relax, or maintain good health.
Is it possible to turn off during the heating season?
Suppliers must carefully prepare for each heating season, checking the condition of pipelines, boiler room equipment, and upgrading networks.
And yet, even with high quality preparation It is possible that utility companies turn off the heating in houses or apartments. This is usually due to emergency situations on pipeline lines or in the boiler room itself.
Also, heating of the house may be stopped temporarily due to damage to the pipeline in the premises of the residential building.
ATTENTION! According to the law, a shutdown during the heating period is not possible; if it has taken place, the time without heat supply should be minimal. Otherwise, the supplier will face fines and sanctions due to an irresponsible attitude to its responsibilities.
- If the room temperature is only 8 degrees Celsius, heating can only be stopped for 2 hours. At a temperature of 10 degrees - no more than 8 hours.
- It is only permissible to turn off the heat for 16 hours when the room temperature is 12 degrees.
- Even due to accidents during the heating period, the permissible number of hours without the supply of thermal energy is 24.
If utilities do not comply with these important rules, mouth New by law, consumers have the right to demand a recalculation of heating payments. Payment will be reduced by 0.5% for each hour of exceeding permissible standards.
What to do if there is no heat in the apartment?
If during the period of centralized heating there is no heat in the room, you should first exclude the formation of air pockets in the radiators, then you need to call management company to solve the problem. Perhaps an accident occurred and is now being fixed.
Useful video
This video investigates the reasons why in winter the heat from radiators is not enough to warm up our homes.