The Coalition of Saints has been adopted. Promising self-propelled artillery mount "Coalition-SV"
Serial car ZIS-150 (1947-1957).
In 1956, the plant named after. Stalin was renamed the plant named after. Likhacheva. In this regard, at the end of production, some ZIS-150 vehicles received hoods with a new ZIL stamping instead of the previous ZIS. Cars of the first years of production were produced with a simplified wood-metal cabin, which was replaced in 1950 by an all-metal cabin of a slightly different shape.
The cockpit windshield consists of two halves. The left half is liftable, it is secured in any position using a rocker mechanism. There is a window in the rear wall of the cabin, outside which a safety grill is installed. Among the features, it is also worth noting that, despite the fact that the cargo platform had three tailgates, some army orders contained requirements to produce vehicles with one tailgate.
The ZIS-150 was produced not only in the USSR (by the ZIS, KAZ, DAZ car factories), but also under the Soviet technical documentation- at the factories "Styagul Rosu" (Romania) and "Jiefan" (China).
Modifications of the ZIS-156, designed to run on compressed gas, and the ZIS-120N, a truck tractor, were produced.
Information - from here.
I've been wanting it for a long time and finally bought a couple of models from the SAIS workshop.
The abbreviation “SAIS” in the name of the workshop is formed by the initial letters of the first and last names of the master manufacturers.
I knew from the very beginning that the model was made worse than the Chinese versions. Moreover, models made of white metal (the main elements are lead and tin) initially do not have the excessive refinement characteristic of models cast from plastic and resin, and even from ordinary, traditional alloys, from which most other companies mainly cast their models. Because of this, the model has an exorbitant weight. Many collectors note/have noted the soulfulness of SAIS models.
The model also turned out to be a big disappointment. I didn't expect this from the manufacturer. Although, maybe the whale assembler is to blame for this, or the subsequent owner, who carelessly modified the machine so that it became not very pleasant to pick it up. But about everything - in order in the text under the cut.
PS: I think it makes sense to add the "SAIS" tag.
Initially, as usual, general front view:
The roof is too sloping - even more rounded than that of the one that was wildly criticized for this, by the way. .
The front glass frame is smaller in height than the prototype; In general, the front windows look like loopholes. Again, in comparison with the above-mentioned ZIL-164, but here everything is somewhat worse.
The windshield wipers are a bit rough - etching would improve things significantly.
The castings of ALL parts from ALL materials in the model are, frankly speaking, ugly.
Noteworthy is the crooked installation relative to central axis body.
The cabin was wobbly as a result of transportation, A.A. Granin helped in gluing it in place, for which we thank him very much. He did not risk tearing off and re-gluing the body in order to ensure its alignment, which, in general, is true:
:
The model is painted in the style of “sponge legs” - quote from a colleague victorpuzo
, and here I cannot disagree with him, because everything is obvious.
The optics are silvery - as if they have been nibbled in places by mice and have streaks on the dimensions.
The radiator grille is also smaller in height than necessary, which makes the hood protrusion at the rounding point (a kind of forehead), on the contrary, seem higher.
It looked like the bumper had been hit with a chisel and anything else that could leave dents and gouges in metal.
There is no GRZ, of course:
From what could be placed side by side as contemporaries, we found, for example, a luxury car ZIS-110:
Model ZIS-150 produced by Tula craftsmen, SAIS, using white metal casting using outdated technologies and new model made in China, NAP:
Top view of the model.
You can see how bent the bumper is: probably the consequences of simple transportation and the same packaging (can be fixed at once, but haven’t gotten around to it yet...):
Another contemporary - “Victory”:
"SAIS" and "Our Avtoprom":
Profile view on the left.
The tint (apparently done with green paint) in the area of the third side bracket catches your eye:
The steering wheel is either cast or painted with waves.
The windshield wipers stick out without touching the glass, like on the model from the magazine series "Car in Service".
Under the paint or on it there are small particles of dirt/dust or something like that:
Very rare at present, but probably seen more than once with the prototype of the hero of the GAZ-12 post:
And again together "NAP" and "SAIS":
General rear view.
The right side fastening lock is bent:
However, the body is made of several parts and still has the following layout:
A little more greenery:
It is impossible not to put a bus nearby, which was based on the components and assemblies of the ZIS-150:
ZIS-150 (SAIS) and:
On the right in the direction of travel:
Inside the cabin:
The simplest tire pattern, a piece of frame with a spare tire mount, a running board and an exhaust pipe:
The KAZ-601, although it began to be produced already during the period when production of the ZIS-150 was discontinued and during the transition to the more advanced model ZIL-164, will still stand next to each other simply because the car is essentially the same:
ZIS-150 (SAIS) and:
General bottom view:
The metal is soft and scratches easily.
A fastening screw is available, as on Elekon models:
And again about the green stuff:
Moment "on the street":
Eh, when will I get myself together and get the necessary surroundings?
Three-quarter:
PPS: what the model arrived in.
Packaging costs less than three rubles, but even in this cardboard box the model could be packed properly:
Well, the designation:
To summarize, I would like to say that the only joy that comes from owning a model of another ZIS-150 truck. It is clear that this is not a toy, but a scale model of a specific car, and I believe that, despite the shortcomings, most of the main dimensions are still maintained. Therefore, so to speak, I will congratulate myself on the acquisition, and the seller or whoever is to blame for such performance should have more conscience when selling (although I should have looked more carefully when buying).
Car model: ZIS-150
Prototype production period: 1947-1957
Manufacturer: SAIS
Date of issue: -
Brief opinion: cast iron heavy
Grade:
Quality: 2 out of 5. Crooked assembly.
Detail: 2 out of 6. No detail.
Compliance with prototype: 4 out of 5. Not clear.
Recognizability: 2 out of 2. Yes.
Charisma: 3 out of 5. There's not enough charisma here.
Box: 0.5 out of 1.75. The box is one of the simplest; in accordance with
photo ZIS-150 onboard
ZIS-150- the first post-war truck of the Moscow Automobile Plant. The Great Patriotic War prevented the completion of serial production families ZIS-15, designed to replace the ZIS-5. In 1943, they began to design the ZIS-150.
The first experimental ZIS-150 was built at the beginning of 1944. The International KP11 served as the basis for the Soviet truck, only the hood and radiator trim were original. Second prototype built in early 1945. The original cabins were already installed on it. In 1947, the third prototype of the ZIS-150 was ready. The plant limited itself to three prototypes, which did not pass the full test cycle.
October 30, 1947, the first batch of ZIS-150.
On January 27, 1948, assembly of the conveyor line began.
Until April 26, 1948, the ZIS-150 and its predecessor ZIS-50 were assembled at the plant in parallel.
photo crane on ZIS-150 chassis
Engine ZIS-150
Engine – ZIS-120, 6-cylinder, carburetor, four-stroke, in-line, lower valve, design power 90 hp. at 2400 rpm (with limiter), maximum torque 30.5 kgm at 1100-1200 rpm, compression ratio 6.0 and displacement 5555 cc (in real conditions operation reached a power of about 80 hp).
ZIS-150 power supply system
The power supply system is forced, with gasoline supplied by a B-6 diaphragm-type fuel pump. The main sediment filter is a slot type, with a filter element made of a set of thin brass plates (on some cars, a mesh type filter with a filter element made of fine brass mesh was installed).
On June 26, 1956, the Moscow Automobile Plant named after I.V. Stalin was renamed the Moscow Automobile Plant named after I.A. Likhachev. Accordingly, the designation of the manufactured products also changed - from August of the same year, the ZIS-150 began to be called ZIL-150. The corresponding inscription “ZIL” appeared instead of the previous “ZIS”. Production of the ZIL-150 was discontinued on October 7, 1957, and production of the modernized ZIL-164 began. A total of 771,883 ZIS-150 trucks were produced.
Foreign release of ZIS-150
According to Soviet technical documentation, the release of the ZIS-150:
- in China in 1953 at Automobile Plant No. 1 under the name Jiefang CA10 (“Liberation”);
- in Romania in 1954 at the Steagul Rosu (“Red Banner”) enterprise under the name SR101.
Both cars were externally different from the prototype - the Chinese version was distinguished by stampings on the hood flaps and above the radiator grille, and the Romanian one received a wood-metal cabin (already in 1955 it was replaced by an all-metal one), original doors, wheel rims and original stampings on the hood flaps and above. radiator grille. The release of the ZIS-150 served as the beginning of a long journey in the automotive industry for both companies. The Chinese enterprise is now called China First Automotive Group Corporation (abbreviated FAW) and its products are known on all continents, but the Romanian one is going through hard times - the production of trucks in 2014 amounted to only 12 units.
The Great Patriotic War ended, and big country began to recover. At that time there was a huge shortage of light duty trucks. And this was created. This is a ZIS-150. Despite its small carrying capacity, it played a significant role in restoration and economic work.
History of creation
The first car rolled off the assembly line at the beginning of 1948. IN huge country large-scale restoration was envisaged, as well as reconstruction of the entire economy. This was planned to be done at an accelerated pace from 1946 to 1950, which entailed the creation of new civilian vehicles.
As a result, the ZIS-150 appears - a completely civilian truck, designed for 4 tons. At its core, experts could notice similarities with American models from International, which was produced since 1941. Today there are even advertisements and press releases for this car.
History does not know how the American series subsequently developed, but about 700,000 cars of this brand were produced in the USSR. This figure is presented without taking into account various analogues that were produced in Europe under license.
The ZIS-150 car fully met all the government's expectations and showed excellent results in the national economy. The car had many, many purposes.
Even before the war
The famous ZIS-5 was built before the war. The first samples of the ZIS-15 began to appear from 1938 to 1940. Then the design included the possibility of modernization. It was possible to increase the load capacity, power, platform size, as well as comfort. But all this must be invested in the next generations.
The developers were given the task of creating a new truck, and although not immediately, they coped with this task.
Entering the series
After the war, there was a shortage of high-quality steel alloys. And at first the truck was produced with a simpler cabin made of metal and wood. However, after 2 years the cabin changed its shape and became completely steel. The windshield consisted of two halves. The left glass could be raised - for this they used
The truck was equipped with a 5.5 liter power unit with a capacity of 90 horsepower. For this motor, the engineers were very generously rewarded with a State Prize. Then, for the production of the ZIS-150, the director of the plant, Likhachev, was also awarded such a prize.
Appearance
The new first prototype was called ZIS-150. The cabin had a beveled radiator trim. The design is very similar to the Opel Blitz. But there is no Soviet truck with an Opel family ties didn't have. Just to create it, we used some parts from the pre-war YAG-7 truck.
A year later they decided to restyle the cabin. This is where the similarities with American cars from Harvester became visible.
The whole point here is that the Soviet Union somehow managed to agree on the purchase of presses in the States for the production of some machine parts. Apart from the cabin, the “Hero of Socialist Labor” had nothing else from the Americans. Everything else was inherited from its ancestor - ZIS-15.
The year 1945 is significant in the history of this car in that it was this year that it was first shown to a wide audience. It was a prototype that was exhibited at an industrial exhibition.
Cabin after restyling
The new cabin was completely metal. Its roof and rear wall were insulated, and the front panel was also thermally insulated.
It is in this ideologically correct key that the operating instructions for the ZiS-150 truck begin. The history of this interesting example of Soviet engineering began even before the war, when it was decided to replace the outdated ZiS-5 with a payload capacity of three tons, created on the basis of American technologies of the late 20s, with something more modern.
The first prototype, the elegant, sharp-nosed ZiS-15, appeared back in 1939. It is important that, in addition to the modern design, it could boast of a load capacity increased by 500 kg. The new car was equipped with a gasoline lower-valve six-cylinder engine with a displacement of 5.55 liters. At the same time, the engine was structurally very close to that installed on the “five”, but due to some changes its power increased from 73 to 82 hp. True, the chassis has not changed much. For example, the brakes remained mechanically driven, although they received a vacuum booster based on the American model.
The second option, outwardly similar to the American passenger cars of the Chrysler corporation (but not literally copying anyone), was assembled in 1940. The possibility of installing a promising domestically developed four-stroke diesel engine on it was considered. But the war, as often happens, forced a change in plans. Therefore, the serial release was postponed. And the third prototype, similar to both the American GMC and the German Borgward, appeared only in 1944. The old ZiS-5 was retired only in 1947 (and in fact, production simply finally moved to UralZiS) - the same year when I saw new four-ton truck ZiS-150.
PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
The design of the car was a symbiosis of American ideas of the late 20s and early 40s. The inline six-cylinder lower valve engine with a displacement of 5.55 liters, as well as the disc transmission brake and double-disc clutch were borrowed (with serious modifications, of course) from the pre-war ZiS-5. The five-speed gearbox is newly designed according to some average American model from the 40s. And the air brakes looked suspiciously like Westinghouse creations from the 1930s. The carburetor was initially a model MKZ-14V with an upward flow, and only in 1950 it was replaced by a rather interesting design with a diffuser of variable cross-section with a downward flow - MKZ-K80. With the first carburetor the power was 85 hp, and with the second – 90 hp. (with crankshaft speed limiter). The engine consumed A-66 gasoline.
The car quickly acquired many modifications. Several variants of dump trucks were produced, such as the ZiS-585 and KAZ-600. One of the plants was in Mytishchi (MMZ), the other in Kutaisi, in Georgia (KAZ). They also assembled ZiS-120N and KAZ-120T truck tractors. Truck cranes, firefighting tankers, vans, cement trucks, etc. were installed on the ZiS-150 chassis. Gas-cylinder versions were also produced in a small batch: ZiS-156A for running on a liquefied mixture of propane and butane and ZiS-156 for running on compressed natural gas(methane). In addition, equipment and technical documentation for the production of the ZiS-150 were transferred to Romania and China. This is how trucks appeared "Red Banner-101" And Jiefang. The first was produced under the brand name SR-101 (S.R.101) by the plant of the same name (in Romanian red flag - Steagul Rosu - "Rosu Banner") in the city of Stalin. The production of trucks began in 1954 and until 1965, 54,224 units were produced. In 1958, the cars began to be equipped with engines of their own design with a power of 140 hp. Since 1960, the plant began production own cars SR-131 Carpati.
And the second one rolled off the assembly line of the First Chinese Automobile Plant named after Comrade Stalin (FAW - First Automobile Works). It was one of 156 enterprises that were built with Soviet assistance to lay the foundation for the industrialization of the PRC. At one of the world's largest automobile factories (now China First Automobile Group Corporation), a Jiefang CA10 truck (Jiefang - Liberation) with minor changes produced until 1986.
The design of the ZiS-150 deserves a special mention, as it resembles to many a clone of the American K-series truck produced by International Harvester. However, in fact, everything except the cabin was domestic. Hood line Soviet car it turned out a little lower, and the wings were a little smaller and more elongated. Because of this, the Soviet ZiS-150 turned out to be prettier than the bourgeois International. Except for the fact that a Soviet truck was not supposed to have a chrome radiator grille. Rare exceptions are fire trucks. But all the same, if someone had thought of holding an elegance competition among Soviet-made trucks, the one hundred and fiftieth would definitely be recognized as the most beautiful. With one small amendment. At first, the car was produced with an angular wooden cabin due to a shortage of steel sheets. The transition to an all-metal streamlined cabin began in 1950. The cabin, especially the all-metal one, was cramped. The doors did not fit well; cold air and dust entered through the cracks, which was especially “pleasant”, given the absence of a “stove.” The gear shift lever was of such a shape and length that the hand constantly clung to the steel instrument panel. It also turned out that the brake pedal was too close to the gas pedal. Because of this, especially in winter shoes, drivers in critical situations could press the gas instead of the brake. With all the ensuing consequences. Against this background, the UralZiS-5M, with its spacious cabin and sane controls, looked much more advantageous.
However, the matter did not end with ergonomic problems alone. The ZiS-150 turned out to be so crude that the matter came to trial top level. Here is what the magazine “Automobile and Tractor Industry” No. 2 for 1953 wrote: “The Party and the Government have repeatedly pointed out the need to intensify the fight against the production of substandard and incomplete products. Comrade Malenkov, in the report of the CPSU Central Committee at the 19th Party Congress, noted that machine-building enterprises often put into production structurally unfinished machines. In particular, at the Moscow Stalin Plant, due to serious omissions in the testing of the ZiS-150 vehicle and its subsequent development, a number of serious shortcomings were identified already during operation. In particular, the low strength of the frame, driveshaft and other parts.”
Other details included the front spring shackle, which constantly broke due to an incorrectly calculated configuration, weak fenders, where cracks constantly formed, breaking off the footrests, constant ruptures of the gearbox housing in the places where the power take-off was attached (dump trucks, special equipment), the short service life of the Checkpoints and other unpleasant moments.
But most main problem the driveshaft remained. Either someone made a mistake in the calculations, or the wrong grade of steel was used in production, or there was notorious sabotage on the part of the Trotskyists who were not killed in 1937, but the result was very disastrous. When a certain number of revolutions of the engine crankshaft was exceeded (if the driver braked with the engine), the cardan broke off and immediately interrupted the brake air hoses. The transmission disc brake, which acted on the output shaft of the gearbox, naturally could not help. And since usually all this disgrace happened during the descent, the unfortunate “pilot” of the ZiS-150 had only one thing left: to choose a softer object for collision.
For the Model 256 dump truck, we chose a used 6-cc bucket body without a tailgate with 8 rounded stiffeners and a lever-parallelogram lifting device with two hydraulic cylinders. The front wall and the shape of the ribs, as well as the power take-off drive, have been redesigned. Up to 12 tons of cargo of varying densities could be loaded into the body, and it remained intact even when dropping cargo from a 2-meter height. During testing, a model of a dump truck with side unloading on two and three sides was also developed, but widespread she didn't receive it.
The frame elements, power plant and cabin were completely identical to all other cars in the family. The difference in the interior trim was the power take-off lever and the oil pressure indicator in the hydraulic system. On some cars, lower rear view mirrors were additionally installed.
This problem was partially solved by installing a newly calibrated speed limiter immediately after the start of production. A little later, the air routes were positioned differently. But the shafts continued to break off further. Although, to be fair, such accidents have begun to occur less frequently.
Finally, the ZiS-150 ceased to be a kamikaze vehicle only in 1955, when the factory workers installed an intermediate support for the driveshaft. Then another event occurred that led to the appearance of the ZiS-150 model (1957-58), almost not described in the literature. And the reason for this was the renaming of ZiS to ZiL (that is, the Likhachev Plant), on the occasion of the exposure of the personality cult of I.V. Stalin. The new ZIL was slightly modified, and in addition the inscription on the radiator grille was changed. However, the “one hundred and fifty” still required so many changes that, in the end, they decided to replace it with a thoroughly redesigned model numbered “one hundred and sixty-four.” In total, 771 thousand ZiS-150 of all modifications were produced, many of which worked in the national economy until the early 80s of the last century.
TRANSITIONAL MODEL
In the new ZIL-164, they tried to get rid of most of the shortcomings that comrade pointed out. Malenkov. Firstly, we resolved the issue with the fastenings of the front springs. Their ends were now pinched in rubber pads. At the same time, the suspension was supplemented with shock absorbers double acting. Secondly, they installed normal wings that did not crack or come off, and at the same time strengthened the radiator grille, making the bars horizontal and increasing their thickness. Thirdly, the running boards were redone and the problem with the doors was solved. Fourthly, the gearshift “poker” was lengthened and bent. Now drivers did not have to fear for their limbs. In addition, a “stove” and defrosters (window blowing) finally appeared in the cabin, the seat received adjustments, and the steering wheel became easier to turn due to the new steering gear. And of course, the frame, engine and its mountings, gearbox, etc. have undergone modifications. In particular, the engine received an aluminum cylinder head, a new camshaft and a more reliable K-82 carburetor with a stable diffuser of constant cross-section. Power increased slightly to 97 hp, and torque - to 33 kgf at 1100-1400 rpm.
But this was not enough. Therefore, in 1961 another one appeared, already latest version– ZIL-164A, maximally unified with the promising ZIL-130, to which they decided to switch gradually. Model “A” was equipped with boosted up to 97 hp. engine, a new single-disc clutch and driveshaft (the same as the ZiS-130), and a new five-speed gearbox (again from the “one hundred and thirty”), equipped with synchronizers.
At the same time, the disc transmission brake gave way to a drum brake. And the front suspension received reliable telescopic shock absorbers instead of the ancient lever ones, which were prone to overheating. In this form, the modernized four-ton was produced until 1965, until it finally gave way to the ZIL-130.
Like the ZiS-150, the 164 model acquired several modifications. The first is a ZIL-MMZ-585L and ZIL-MMZ-585M dump truck (agricultural), the second is a ZIL-164AR truck tractor (109 hp engine), the third is a gas cylinder for running on liquefied gas - ZIL-166A, released in a small batch. In addition, as usual, chassis were produced to install a variety of special bodies, one listing of which could well warrant a separate article.
As a result, less than seven years had passed since the 19th Party Congress, when the national economy of the USSR received a durable, reliable and very “long-lasting” vehicle of the ZiS-ZiL system. And until the mass write-off in the mid-80s, the ZIL-164 of all modifications was found on the roads of the USSR almost as often as its successor, the ZIL-130. Nowadays, model 164 has become a huge rarity. And it is found not so much on the roads as in private collections of connoisseurs of old equipment.
The concept of twin artillery systems originated almost at the beginning of the 20th century. The first prototype of the self-propelled guns was built in 1976. The prototype of the self-propelled guns is the only prototype that was also tested on the topics “object 316” (prototype of the self-propelled gun “Msta-S”), “object 326” and “object 327”. During testing, guns with different ballistics were installed on a rotating platform turret. In the presented configuration - with a cannon from the Giatsint self-propelled gun - the vehicle was tested in 1987.
The "object 327" self-propelled gun was developed as a competitor to the "Msta-S" self-propelled gun, but being quite revolutionary, it remained an experimental self-propelled gun. The self-propelled guns were different high degree automation - reloading of the gun was carried out regularly by an automatic loader with the gun located externally with the ammunition rack placed inside the self-propelled gun body. During tests with two types of guns, the self-propelled gun showed high efficiency, but preference was given to a more “technological” model - 2S19 Msta-S.
The crew of this product was located in an isolated fighting compartment in the bow of the hull, while the fighting compartment with a fully mechanized ammunition rack was located in the central part of the hull of the modified chassis of the T-72 main tank. The change to the T-72 suspension was minor - they simply moved the rollers apart...
Testing and design of the self-propelled guns were discontinued in 1987. The name of the object “puck” was unofficial. The second copy of the self-propelled gun with the 2A37 gun from the Giatsint self-propelled gun has stood at the training ground since 1988 and is preserved in the Uraltransmash PA museum.
In the 90s, the concept of a promising self-propelled gun, having undergone a number of changes, continued its development in our country and abroad. Promising foreign self-propelled guns "Crusader" (USA). Self-propelled guns "PzH 2000" (Germany) were tested with varying degrees of success. An automatic control system similar in concept and characteristics to these systems was developed in our country in the 80s and 90s by FSUE Uraltransmash, as well as by a number of other enterprises.
However, like her foreign analogues, it did not have qualities that would provide them with radical advantages over existing modernized models of serial self-propelled guns.
A return to this topic occurred some time later within the framework of the Coalition-SV R&D project - the development of a promising Russian self-propelled artillery installation. The main contractor is: JSC Central Research Institute "Burevestnik" (Nizhny Novgorod). Co-executors: OJSC Uraltransmash, OJSC TsNIIM, OJSC Uralvagonzavod. Since the late 1980s, a study has been conducted to improve the efficiency of self-propelled guns on the topic of research work "Uninhabitability"
Within the framework of the topic, a number of research projects were carried out to determine the optimal level of interspecific unification of promising large-caliber artillery weapons of the Ground Forces and the Navy.
In terms of unification, the task was set rational use in artillery equipment, technical solutions, elements, units and systems, common both for barreled weapons systems of the Navy (ships and coastal defense), and for self-propelled artillery pieces Ground forces.
At the end of 2006, one of the prototypes of the Koalitsiya-SV self-propelled artillery mount was demonstrated, made using developments on the Msta-S self-propelled gun and the chassis of the main tank "Object 195".
It is worth noting that modern howitzers are designed to conduct short-term (the time of safe stay at one firing position is up to 1 minute) high-intensity fire with changing firing positions. They move into position, deliver high-intensity fire at distant targets, then move to another position before the enemy can return fire. With the increasing automation of fire control of modern artillery and the widespread introduction of radar reconnaissance equipment for detecting firing positions, the reaction time of enemy artillery as part of reconnaissance and fire systems operating in real time, and, accordingly, the time of safe presence of self-propelled guns at a firing position is significantly reduced. The way to overcome these problems is to create artillery systems with non-traditional design and layout schemes that provide a significant increase in firepower (and, accordingly, a reduction in the time the self-propelled guns are in the firing position), the implementation of which is included in the new generation of domestic self-propelled guns.
In the provided sample:
- Crew - 2 people (in final version self-propelled gun layout)
- Chassis:
- experimental prototype - 6-roller tracked chassis of the self-propelled gun "Msta-S", created on the basis of the T-72 tank.
- in the subsequent version (not presented to the public) - a 7-wheel tracked tank similar to the base of the "Object 195" tank.
The peculiarity of the Coalition-SV self-propelled gun is that it has two gun barrels at once. Double-barreled self-propelled guns "Coalition-SV" were built before, but they were small-caliber anti-aircraft guns, and the Coalition-SV howitzer has a six-inch caliber, which is considered the limit for field artillery. Everything above this caliber belongs to the reserve artillery of the main command.
A self-propelled gun with a twin artillery mount provides an increase in the rate of fire due to the possibility of simultaneous loading of two barrels, which brings the 2S36 "Coalition-SV" closer in fire performance to reactive systems volley fire(MLRS) while maintaining accuracy by cutting barrel system. At the same time, the dimensions and weight are kept close to the corresponding dimensions and weight of the traditional single-barrel system.
Increasing the firing efficiency, especially in the “fire raid” or “flurry of fire” mode (foreign term multiple rounds simultaneous impact MRSI) is achieved by the maximum rate of fire at one target by firing shots at different charge numbers (using a variable modular propellant charge) on different angles elevation of the gun mount barrels. At the same time, all shells in a burst can approach the target almost simultaneously, which ensures an extremely high probability of hitting it.
Stability ballistic characteristics on all numbers of the variable charge is guaranteed by uniform fixation in the charging chamber of a caseless variable modular propellant charge on the piston of the sliding bolt-rammer (i.e. at the bottom of the chamber) regardless of the number of modules in a particular charge.
Mobility is currently considered one of the the most important characteristics modern military equipment, and therefore it is not surprising that the creators of the Coalition-SV self-propelled gun took care of its comparative compactness and, accordingly, mobility.
The Koalitsiya-SV self-propelled gun is much lower than the 2F66-1 transport and loading vehicle. As a result, the double-barreled Coalition-SV can be easily transferred not only to the An-124 Ruslan, but also to the Il-76.
Layout of self-propelled guns 2S36 "Coalition-SV"
The workplaces of the crew members of the Coalition-SV howitzer are located in a computerized control module, which is located in the bow of the chassis.
The crew, consisting of 2-3 people, exercises full control over the processes of loading, aiming and firing. The control module is equipped with on-board tactical target selection, positioning and navigation systems. Based on the readings of instruments and sensors, the crew constantly monitors general condition vehicle and the amount of ammunition by type of shot. The development of a new family of ammunition for a promising self-propelled gun was carried out within the framework of the Coalition-BP R&D project.
Loading mechanisms provide automatic selection required types of projectiles (high-explosive fragmentation (with a gas generator), active-reactive, guided, smoke, etc.) and modular charges. It is possible to use different variable charges (for example, from one to six pieces). Modular variable charges significantly expand the firing capabilities of the double-barreled self-propelled gun "Coalition-SV".
The Koalitsiya-SV howitzer has a pneumatic loading mechanism and a microwave ignition system for the propellant charge.
The crew of the "Coalition-SV" is located in the tower, here it is housed in a separate armored capsule, as in the Armata tank.
Each crew member's workplace is equipped with a complex of remote control of automated fire and instrument monitoring of all operations on displays using a single information and command system. Information and control communication channels between the crew workstations in the control module and the weapons module are duplicated. There are main crew hatches, an evacuation hatch, as well as a technological hatch for transfer to the weapons module.
Installing a control module in the bow of the hull allows the crew to be placed in the least dangerous place in the combat vehicle.
The main armament is located in the turret, where a twin artillery installation and ammunition with a mechanized loading system. All ammunition is located in a special storage box behind the turret. And the loading of the guns goes on automatic mode- the same as modern tanks. By the way, the loading circuit was copied from experimental tank"Black Eagle".
The engine is located at the rear of the vehicle.
Mounted on the roof for self-defense anti-aircraft machine gun caliber 12.7 mm "Kord", and 81 mm are installed on the sides of the turret launchers electrically controlled smoke grenades.
The modular solution of the weapons and control departments as independent layout units that perform a specific function makes it possible to reduce the number and enhance the protection of the crew, including from weapons of mass destruction, as well as improve the conditions of interaction and the crew’s performance.
Serial products are planned to be manufactured using the chassis of a promising Russian tank(Armata). The new chassis (seven road wheels per side) has significantly best characteristics in terms of load capacity, mobility, suspension qualities that reduce the vibrations of the artillery mount when firing.
The layout of the self-propelled gun 2S36 "Coalition-SV" uses layout solutions and is unified with the promising "Armata" tank not only in the chassis, but also in the engine and main hull elements.
Transport-loading vehicle for double-barreled self-propelled artillery mount 2S36 "Coalition-SV"
The 2S36 "Coalition-SV" howitzer may be part of a self-propelled artillery complex, which also includes an armored ammunition carrier. Thus, the maintenance of a promising self-propelled gun will be provided by a sufficient number personnel, despite her significantly reduced crew. Maintenance operations for the promising double-barreled self-propelled gun "Coalition-SV" can be automated to the maximum extent.
After the release of the double-barreled "Coalition-SV" on firing position The gun is fired after automatic targeting of the target by the fire control complex under the control of crew members via displays. Ammunition is supplied from automated ammunition racks to the gun at the entire range of pointing angles.
Mechanisms in the module ensure automatic selection of the required types of projectiles and modular charges. A complex of life protection units purifies the incoming air from the harmful effects of powder gases and weapons of mass destruction, and fully ensures comfortable conditions crew work.
As part of the complex (SAU/TZM) "Coalition-SV" it is possible to fully implement automated system loading ammunition on board, loading and firing, ensuring a high rate of fire. Introduction into the complex of an armored transport-loading vehicle (TZM), equipped with an automated subsystem for loading and moving ammunition, which allows the crew to reload all the necessary shots on board the 2S36 howitzer in a few minutes
Very interesting option This 2S36 "Coalition-SV" howitzer is an articulated version. The first section in it is the self-propelled gun itself, but the second, in fact, is a transport-loading machine for more than 200 rounds.
From the engine located in the first section, the power flow is transmitted to the second. Thanks to the presence of the second body, the damping time of oscillations after a fired shot is significantly reduced. In addition, terrain maneuverability increases sharply.
But there is also the option of a charging machine on a wheeled platform.
When discussing accommodation options Self-propelled guns Koalitsiya-SV on a tracked or wheeled platform, a representative of JSC Central Research Institute "Burevestnik" noted that a tracked platform is more stable when firing than a wheeled one and does not require extending the supports. At the same time, he did not rule out that due to the transition to wheeled platforms Ground forces we will need "Coalitions" on wheels.
OJSC KamAZ has unveiled 3D models of the promising 152-mm self-propelled artillery system on a wheelbase being developed, created as part of the Coalition-SV-KSh development work. In creating a wheeled version self-propelled howitzer The Motovilikha Plants enterprise (Perm) also participated.
The chassis chosen for the base was from the KAMAZ-6560 Tornado family of heavy-duty vehicles. This chassis is already in use in the armed forces as a base for the Pantsir-S1 anti-aircraft missile and artillery systems. At the same time, for use in a self-propelled artillery installation, the Tornado vehicle has undergone some changes. First of all, the chassis frame has undergone modifications. When firing, this unit is subject to enormous loads, which required strengthening it. In addition, some other parts of the chassis were changed. These modifications were associated with the installation of a large-sized gun turret.
It should be noted that the creation of the KAMAZ-6560 vehicle actually gave the green light to the development of a self-propelled artillery mount on a wheeled chassis. The chassis available before the appearance of the Tornado could not be the basis for self-propelled guns with characteristics at the level of the new Coalition-SV-KSh. KAMAZ-6560 has a payload capacity of about 24 tons, which made it possible to use this chassis as the basis for a new combat vehicle.
After special modifications to the chassis to ensure the transport base complies with the approved technical requirements A prototype chassis was manufactured and sent to the enterprise where the promising 152-mm artillery system will be mounted.
KamAZ-6560. Source: a2goos.com |
Simultaneously with the strengthening of the chassis frame, the Coalition-SV-KSh project applied some additional solutions to ensure the operability of the combat vehicle. As can be seen from the available materials, the chassis is additionally equipped with four lowered outriggers. Thus, a self-propelled howitzer should fire not from wheels, but from strong supports. According to the calculations of the project’s authors, it should take approximately one and a half minutes to bring the self-propelled gun into combat position after arriving at the position. During this time, the outriggers are lowered, the operation of the tower systems is checked, etc. The wheeled chassis allows you to quickly transfer the self-propelled gun to stowed position and leave the position.
This is a picture of a 3D model in the first study of the 152 mm installation artillery system. An armored gun turret is installed on the chassis platform. Combat compartment made uninhabited. It houses an automated ammunition stowage system, an automatic loader, and a 152mm 2A86 howitzer. Unlike the self-propelled guns "Coalition-SV" on tracked chassis, in the turret of a wheeled self-propelled howitzer there is one gun, not two.
Power point
The power plant is a single 1200-horsepower diesel turbopiston engine A-85-3A (sometimes designated as 2A12-3, 12CHN15/16 or 12N360). Motor life is at least 2000 hours. Weight up to 5 tons. MTU volume up to 4 m3. There is a possibility of modernization. In terms of size, weight and power characteristics, the new product should surpass the best foreign models of engine-transmission units. It should be noted that the rated engine power is 1500 hp, up to 1200 hp. a restriction was introduced, which significantly increased the service life.
The engine was developed by the Chelyabinsk GSKB Transdiesel, and will be produced at the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. The diesel four-stroke, X-shaped, 12-cylinder with gas turbine turbine supercharging and air intercooling, liquid cooling, the 12N360 engine passed the entire range of tests, from endurance to running, back in 2011.
Technical characteristics of the A-85-3A (12N360) engine for the Koalitsiya-SV self-propelled guns
- Engine type - four-stroke, X-shaped, 12-cylinder with gas turbine turbine supercharging and intermediate air cooling.
- Mixture formation system - direct fuel injection
- Engine power without resistance at inlet and outlet, kW (hp) - 1103 (1500)
- Rotation speed, s-1 (rpm) - 33.3 (2000)
- Torque reserve,% - 25
- Specific fuel consumption, g/kW*h (g/hp*h) - 217.9 (160)
- Weight, kg - 1550
- Specific power, kW/kg (hp/kg) - 0.74 (1.0)
- Overall power, kW/kg (hp/kg) - 1026 (1395)
- Specific gravity, kg/kW - 1.32
- Length, mm - 813
- Width, mm - 1300
- Height, mm - 820
The 12N360 engine is a fully developed engine, not a bench engine at all, it was exactly the same one that was installed on our promising tanks (object 195), which underwent State tests not so long ago. In terms of the power plant, the testing was completed successfully; the engine had no complaints - despite the fact that the tests were very tough.
Artillery unit of the 2S36 "Coalition-SV" howitzer
Double-barreled 152 mm howitzer 2A86 with two-way automatic supply of ammunition. The cannon system is the basis of the installation being developed for large ships of the Navy.
A variant of a twin artillery mount with the shell and charge storage located under the artillery mount (ship's below-deck version). |