Climatic conditions vary in different parts of Italy. What is the temperature in Italy? Climatic conditions at different times of the year
Climate of Italy. The extension of Italy from north to south causes significant climatic differences between individual regions of the country from moderately warm climate Padan plain to pronounced subtropical in Sicily. Actually, only the climate of peninsular and island Italy can be called Mediterranean. Summer here is dry and hot (average temperature in July and August is about 26°C), winter is mild and warm (average temperature in January is 8-10°C). The climate of the Padana Plain, with the same hot summers as on the Apennine Peninsula, but with cold and foggy winters, can be considered transitional from subtropical to temperate, and closer to temperate continental. Here the influence of the warm Ligurian Sea is prevented by the Maritime Alps and the Apennines, while at the same time the colder air of the Adriatic freely penetrates here. The average temperature in January on the Padan Plain is about 0*C, and in July - 23-24*C. In winter, snow always falls here, and there are often frosts down to -10 ° C. In the northern and central parts of the Apennine Peninsula, average temperatures are 24 ° C in July and 1-4 "C in January. Of the 600-1,000 mm of annual precipitation, half falls on spring and summer. The climate of the Alps varies with altitude from moderately warm to cold. In the mountains, snow lasts for several months, and on the tops of the mountains the slopes of the Carnic Alps facing the humid western winds receive the most precipitation - 3,000 mm. In the remaining alpine regions, an average of 1,000 mm falls annually. The Mediterranean precipitation regime (maximum in winter, minimum in summer) is characteristic of the entire peninsular Italy. In Apulia (in the south of Italy) the driest place in the country is located - the city of San Pancrazio Salentino. , where only 197 mm falls per year. In the Alpine foothills, a dry and warm foehn often blows in winter, and the Trieste region is characterized by bora - a strong cold wind. Often from March to October, a sirocco blows in southern Italy - a dry and hot wind from Africa, bringing. temperature rise to 30-35 "C.
Cindy Grayden
Brief description of the climate of Italy
The weather in Italy depends on the following factors Humid subtropical climate. Mild, no dry season, hot summer. The average temperature in the warmest months is over 22°C (72°F). The average temperature of the coldest month is less than 18°C (64°F). There is precipitation all year round, but varies greatly.The hottest month is July, when the maximum temperature is around 29℃ (84℉). Usually the third week is the hottest. But be aware of rain and thunderstorms. The coldest month is January. This month the temperature can even be 3℃ (37℉) at night! In the fourth week you should wear your warmest clothes. And be prepared for rain, thunderstorms and fog....
Weather conditions in Italy throughout the year
Italy is a country of the former Roman Empire, one of the largest and oldest empires in antiquity, which was divided into the Western and Eastern Roman Empire. The weather in Italy often varies, especially in areas from north to south, and this is due to differences in geography. So, for example, in Milan it can snow with a temperature of -2℃ (28℉), while in Rome 8℃ (46℉) and in Palermo 20℃ (68℉). In coastal areas, where most major cities are located, the climate is characterized by mild winters and hot, dry summers. The area experiences longer dry seasons. The western regions of the country receive more rainfall than the eastern regions, and the area north of Pescara experiences strong winds. Unpredictable weather may continue into May, starting any time after early September. In winter, rain and sun often alternate. It is colder in the interior of the country, and snowfalls often occur in the mountains. The average July temperature in Sicily and the south of the peninsula is 26℃ (79℉), in the Po Valley (Mediterranean climate) 24℃ (75℉), and the average January temperature in the southern part of Messina is 11℃ (52℉), in the Po Valley near Turin 0℃ (32℉). The average January temperature in the southern part of Messina is 11℃. Most of the precipitation falls annually in the Alps (1000-2000 mm) and at least in the eastern part of Sardinia (less than 500 mm); 700-1000 mm falls per year in the Po Valley and in the subalpine region, 500-700 mm on the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula and in most of Sicily. The north of Italy receives the most rainfall in spring and autumn, while the south receives the most rainfall in winter. In the northern part of the country, especially the alpine part, winters are extremely cold with heavy snowfall, mostly occurring between December and March, while summers are fresher and sunnier. The lakes in the north of the country are surrounded by a milder climate suitable for developing tropical gardens. This part of the country experiences frequent hurricanes. In this region, temperatures in winter can drop below zero and in summer can rise to 30℃ (86℉), so the weather is reminiscent of the alpine climate in Switzerland and Austria, while Italy has more rainfall and mild winters. Summer is the season when most precipitation occurs, but rain can occur in both spring and autumn. Mountainous areas are usually colder. Since Italy is surrounded by seas, the wind often blows, although storms can occur in early autumn. In spring and autumn, a hot wind blows from Africa, Sirocco, which raises the temperature in the country. In the summer, Sirocco can bring very hot and uncomfortable times to the north of the country. The region beyond the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines, in the central region of Italy, has a milder climate with less pronounced differences between summer and winter temperatures. Summer lasts longer in these areas, so high and stifling humidity can occur during July and August, especially in Florence, Siena and Rome. In the south of the country, summers are very hot and dry, and since temperatures can exceed 30℃ (86℉), North Africa often feels like summer. Winters are mild and snow rarely falls. Sardinia and Sicily can be very warm, even for long periods of time. There is a breeze during the day and the nights are warm and humid. These areas receive more rainfall and sunshine hours than any other part of Italy. In winter, Sardinia and Sicily average about 4 hours of sun per day, and in summer about 9 hours of sun. The areas around the Po Valley and the Padan Plain have their own climate. Here rain can fall at any time of the year. Winter can be very cold, followed by cold fog and snow, while in summer the weather is the same as in southern Italy. Storms often occur in autumn.Weather in Italy influenced by Humid subtropical climate. Mild without dry season, hot summer. The average temperature of the warmest month is over 22°C (72°F). The average temperature in the coldest month is below 18°C (64°F). Annual precipitation is variable.
Italy is an ancient country, but it emerged as a state only in 1871 after the unification of the duchies and kingdoms that existed on its territory at that time took place.
Italy is located in the central part of Southern Europe and in the center of the Mediterranean basin. In the east, the coast of the country is washed by the Adriatic Sea, in the south by the Ionian Sea, and in the west by the Tyrrhenian and Ligurian Sea.
Climate and season in Italy
The climate in Italy is mainly Mediterranean, characterized by dry and hot summers and clear blue skies. In summer, the air temperature averages +26°C, in winter from +7°C to +11°C. Winter is mild and warm, snow is an extremely rare occurrence, however, the exception here is the mountainous regions of the Alps, where at an altitude of 1500 m it lies for about 200 days. From March to October, hot, dry “sirocco” winds blow in the south of the peninsula, so the air temperature during this period rises to 34°C.
The tourist season in Italy depends entirely on what type of holiday you prefer. Beach season begins already in May, but most people prefer to stay on the shore, since the sea with a temperature of +18...+20°C is considered still very cold and only guests from Russia are not afraid to swim in such water. But, starting from June, tourist beach holidays in Italy come into their own.
The opening and closing of ski resorts are usually accompanied by large-scale concerts and magnificent shows involving world-famous stars.
Since Italy has several temperature zones, winter in the north and south of the country is heterogeneous. The opening of the ski season in each region occurs at different times, so it is generally accepted that ski resorts open their doors to tourists in November. The high ski season lasts until mid-February, and some resorts in the country are open all year round.
Weather and prices in Italy by month
Italy in winter
Weather in December. In the first month of winter it becomes really cold: it rains in the central and southern regions, snow in the northern regions, the air temperature in the north is +4 °C at night, during the day +5 °C, in the south +4 °C and +5 ° C, central part +5°C and +13°C. Water temperature is approximately +12°C. The price of the tour, depending on the resort, type of flight and accommodation, will range from 70,000 to 100,000 rubles for two.
Weather in January. The coldest month of the year, since the average air temperature in the capital will be no more than +12°C during the day, and at night the thermometer will show +4°C, in Milan +4°C during the day, +2°C at night. There are about 14 days of precipitation. The warmest temperatures in Palermo are +14°C and +11°C. The sea water temperature will not exceed +11°C. The price of tours for 7 nights for two will range from 130,000 to 138,000 rubles.
Weather in February. The second month is still as cold as the previous one, with prolonged heavy rains in the south and snowfalls in the north. During the day the air temperature will be +13°C, at night +4°C. The water temperature will not exceed +10°C, which is not conducive to relaxing on the beach. The price of tours is practically the same as in January and will range from 125,000 to 140,000 rubles, depending on the tour, flight and hotel chosen.
Italy in spring
Weather in March. Italians call this month crazy - “Marzo and pazzarello”, since the weather during this period is very capricious. The air temperature in the Eternal City is +16°C during the day and +6°C at night, in Venice +12°C and +3°C. The number of rainy days is about 13, but you can forget about swimming in the sea, since the water temperature is +11°C. During this period, the price of tours is not very high, ranging from 110,000 to 130,000 rubles, depending on what type of tour you choose.
Weather in April. April brings pleasant weather. The air temperature is +19°C and +8°C, there are no more than 12 rainy days, but swimming is still cold, since the water temperature will not rise above +14°C. The price of tours will also decrease significantly and a trip for two will cost about 42,000–86,000 rubles for 7 nights in a double room, but here you also take into account the cost of the flight, as well as insurance.
Weather in May. It's the month of roses, because during this period all kinds of flowers begin to smell fragrant. Traditionally, the swimming season opens in May, as the water temperature stays at +18°C. At the same time, the air temperature at night is +12°C, during the day +23°C. And depending on the type of flight, hotel stay, excursion, meals, and so on, the price of tours for two for 7 nights will range from 44,000 to 80,000 rubles.
More information about weather and prices in Italy in May.
Italy in summer
Weather in June. It is characterized by comfortable, pleasant weather, especially ideal for relaxing on the beach. During the day the air temperature is +26°C, at night it will drop by 10°C. The water temperature is above +20°C, so it is very pleasant to sunbathe and swim. The minimum price for tours will average from 32,000 rubles - this is for two, for 3 nights in a three-star room it can reach up to 180,000 rubles.
More information about weather and prices in Italy in June.
Weather in July. The sultry heat will cover the whole of Italy, the air temperature during the day will rise to +31°C and at night will correspondingly drop to +18°C, so few people dare to go sightseeing. The water temperature warms up to +24°C, which is ideal for a beach holiday. The price of tours will also rise, which in July will be at least 110,000 rubles for two people for 8 days, and this is not the limit.
More information about weather and prices in Italy in July.
Weather in August. The hottest month of the year, because the air temperature goes beyond +37°C during the day and 25°C at night, especially in the southern regions of Italy. Rainy days are possible, but there will be no more than six. Water temperature from +24°C to +26°C. The price of tours for 7 nights for two will be from 82,000 to 90,000 rubles. This is the cost of a vacation for people with average incomes.
Italy in autumn
Weather in September. At the beginning of autumn, the air temperature will remain at +26°C, and the slowly cooling water temperature will freeze at +23°C, the wind will blow from the sea, but this will not reduce the number of people on the beach, although some resorts will already be practically closed. Usually the price for tours for two in September is 80,000–150,000 rubles per week of vacation - it all depends on financial capabilities and your preferences.
Weather in October. At the beginning of the month, you can still sunbathe and even swim in the sea, but only until the second half of October, since at this time the water temperature will not exceed +20°C. There are a total of 11 rainy days. During the day the air temperature is +22°C, but at night it drops to +12°C. The price for tours for two will range from 82,000 – 100,000 rubles. This amount will be spent on an economy class flight, accommodation in a 3* hotel with meals.
Weather in November. You can forget about a beach holiday, since the water temperature at noon reaches +12°C, and during the day throughout the country the air temperature is +16°C, in rare cases +20°C. At night in the northern regions of Italy the thermometer will show +4°C. There will be about 15 rainy days. For 7 days in November, the price of tours for two will approach 80,000-130,000 rubles.
Italy weather and prices by month for 2018
Month | Daytime °C | Night °C | Water °C | Tours for two |
---|---|---|---|---|
December | +12 | +4 | +12 | from 70,000 rub. |
January | +12 | +4 | +11 | from 130,000 rub. |
February | +13 | +4 | +10 | from 125,000 rub. |
March | +16 | +6 | +11 | from 110,000 rub. |
April | +19 | +8 | +14 | from 42,000 rub. |
May | +23 | +12 | +18 | from 44,000 rub. |
June | +26 | +10 | +20 | from 32,000 rub. |
July | +31 | +18 | +24 | from 100,000 rub. |
August | +37 | +25 | +25 | from 82,000 rub. |
September | +26 | +20 | +23 | from 80,000 rub. |
October | +22 | +12 | +20 | from 82,000 rub. |
November | +16 | +8 | +12 | from 80,000 rub. |
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Introduction
3. Population
5. Industry
6. Agriculture
7. Culture
Conclusion
Literature
Introduction
Italy is one of the oldest countries in the world and at the same time it is a relatively young state, appearing on the political map only a little over a hundred years ago after the final unification in 1871 of the separate duchies and kingdoms that previously existed on its territory. Nowadays it is a large capitalist state, part of the "Big Seven Western countries."
Italy is a typical Mediterranean country located in the central part of Southern Europe. Its territory includes the Padana Lowland, the slopes of the Alpine mountain arc facing it, the Apennine Peninsula, the large islands of Sicily and Sardinia and numerous small islands (Aegadian, Lipari, Pontine, Tuscan archipelago, etc.). to the north, on the mainland, Italy is bordered by France, Switzerland, Austria and Yugoslavia. In the south it (through the Strait of Tunis) neighbors Africa. The Apennine Peninsula juts deep into the Mediterranean Sea. The coasts of Italy are washed by the seas: in the west - the Ligurian and Turrenian, in the south the Ionian, in the east the Adriatic.
The economic and geographical position in the center of the Mediterranean basin has long been favorable to the development of relations with the countries of the Middle East and North Africa, as well as with other countries of Southern Europe. And now it contributes to the economic development of Italy. In the 20th century Of particular importance is Italy's position on the way from the countries of the Middle East with their rich oil fields to the industrial regions of Foreign Europe, whose industry consumes Middle Eastern oil.
Land borders with France, Switzerland and Austria, and partly with the former Yugoslavia, run along the Alps. Northern Italy is in a more advantageous position than Southern Italy, since it has the opportunity to carry out external economic relations both by land and by sea. Transcontinental airline lines pass through Italy.
Italy's geographical position is extremely important from a strategic point of view. NATO considers Italy the basis of its entire military system in Southern Europe and throughout the Mediterranean. The country is home to several dozen US and NATO military bases and training grounds. Italy is an active participant in this military bloc.
In terms of its state structure, Italy since 1946 has been a bourgeois parliamentary republic, headed by a president.
Administratively, Italy is divided into 20 historical regions. The capital of Italy is the city of Rome.
The face of the country has changed a lot over the last century. The glory of modern Italy is created not only by the beautiful Mediterranean landscapes, snow-white peaks of the Alps, orange groves of Sicily, vineyards of Tuscany and Lazio, not only by the gold deposits of countless monuments of centuries-old Italian culture, but also by cars produced in the country, chemical products, fashionable clothes and shoes, popular movies all over the world.
1. Natural and climatic conditions
Italy lies within the temperate forest zone (in the north) and in the subtropical zone (in the south). The sea has a great influence on the formation of the natural characteristics of Italy, especially its climate. Even the deepest regions of the country are located no more than 200-220 km from the sea coast. The nature of Italy and the diversity of its landscapes are also influenced by the significant elongation of its territory from northwest to southeast and the predominance of mountainous hilly terrain.
One of the most characteristic features of the country’s nature is the widespread development of volcanic and seismic processes, as well as modern land movements, due to the fact that Italy is located in the zone of young Alpine folding.
Italy's northern, very winding land border runs along the ridges of the Alps for almost its entire length. However, it constitutes only 20% of Italian borders. Italy is predominantly a maritime country. Of the 9.3 thousand km of its borders, 4/5 are sea.
The coastline of Italy is relatively little dissected; there are few convenient bays. Almost all major ports are constructed artificially. Only in Southern Italy there are ports in natural bays and bays (Naples, Salerno, Taranto, Cagliari).
The elongation of Italy from north to south causes large climatic differences between individual regions - from the moderate warm climate of the Padan Plain to the pronounced subtropical climate of Sicily.
Actually, only the climate of peninsular and island Italy can be called Mediterranean. The climate of the Padana Plain, with the same hot summers as on the Apennine Peninsula, but with cold and foggy winters, can be considered transitional from subtropical to temperate. Here the influence of the warm Ligurian Sea is prevented by the Maritime Alps and the Apennines, while at the same time colder air from the Adriatic freely penetrates here. The average temperature in January on the Padan Plain is about 0°C, and in July - +23-24°C. In autumn, cyclones actively form here. In winter there is always snow, and there are often frosts down to 10°C. Of the 600 - 1000 mm of annual precipitation, half occurs in spring and summer. Heavy, even catastrophic downpours are not uncommon in Northern Italy. Summer rains are often accompanied by thunderstorms and hail.
The climate of the Alps varies with altitude from warm temperate to cold. In the mountains, snow lasts for several months, but on the mountain tops it never melts.
The Mediterranean climate is clearly expressed in the south of the Apennine Peninsula and on the islands. Summer here is dry and hot (average July temperature is +26°C), winter is mild and warm (average January temperature is +8-10°C). In the northern and central parts of the Apennine Peninsula, the average temperatures are different - +24°C in July and +1.4-4°C in January. Snow falls very rarely on the Apennine Peninsula. From March to October, the sirocco blows in southern Italy - a dry and hot wind from Africa, bringing temperatures up to +30-35°C and reddish dust. Puglia has the driest place in Italy, with only 197 mm of precipitation per year. The coastal regions of Italy, especially the Ligurian Riviera, the coast of the Ionian Sea, the islands of Sicily and Sardinia, are characterized by a particularly mild climate. Here, the difference between the average temperatures of the coldest month (January) and the hottest (July) is approximately 15°C. Therefore, along the coasts of Italy, especially on the Ligurian Riviera, famous climatic resorts stretch in a chain.
2. Vegetation and fauna
The soil cover of Italy is very diverse. In the north, in the Alps, mountain-meadow and mountain-forest soils are common. The southern foothills of the Alps and most of the Padan plain are covered with brown forest soils. In the mid-altitude zone of the Alps they are infertile. In coastal areas near the Adriatic Sea, marshy soils are found.
The vegetation of Italy is even more diverse. However, dense population and centuries of human activity have led to the fact that cultural landscapes predominate everywhere in the country, with the exception of the highlands. Forests occupy only 20% of the territory, mainly in the mountains and hills, while the plains are practically treeless.
The rather monotonous landscape of the densely populated and almost entirely cultivated Padan Plain is enlivened here and there by oak, and less often by birch or pine groves. Alleys of poplars, willows, and white acacias border the roads and banks of canals and rivers.
A wide strip of evergreen trees and shrubs stretch along the coastal lowlands of the Apennine Peninsula and islands. Among the wild species that stand out here are evergreen holm and cork oaks, pine and alpine pines, mastic trees, palm trees, cacti, and agaves. However, cultivated species predominate here, primarily subtropical ones - citrus fruits, olives, almonds, pomegranates, figs, cork oak groves planted by humans.
In the mountains of Italy, altitudinal zonation is clearly visible.
Since the Alps and the Apennines are located in different natural zones, the belt of subtropical vegetation is characteristic only of the foothills of the Apennines. At an altitude of 500-800 m above sea level in the Apennines, subtropical vegetation gives way to deciduous forests. In the Alps, they represent the lower plant zone. These are predominantly oak forests, with an admixture of chestnut, hornbeam, ash, and beech. Cultivated plants in this belt include fruit trees, vineyards, and crops of rye, oats, and potatoes. Higher up begins the belt of mixed coniferous-beech forests. Their lower limit in the Alps is 900 m, and in the Apennines - 2000 m. In spring and autumn, herds graze among beech groves, and in summer they are driven even higher.
At an altitude of about 1500m in the Alps and 2000m in the Southern Apennines and Sicily, the highest forest belt begins - coniferous forests, consisting of various types of pine, European spruce and fir.
Above the coniferous forests, subalpine tall grass meadows begin.
They give way to alpine meadows. The Alps are especially famous for their rich and lush mountain meadows. Mountain meadows are used as summer pastures. Above the mountain meadows to the very peaks or glaciers, the slopes are covered with mosses and lichens. In the Apennines, more often than in the Alps, bare slopes are found - the result of deforestation, erosion and landslides.
In the coastal zone of the Apennine Peninsula and the island of Sicily, brown subtropical soils are common, very favorable for the cultivation of grapes and other southern crops. On the low plateaus of the Apennine foothills and on the island of Sardinia, humus-carbonate and mountain-forest brown soils predominate. In the lowlands, hills and low mountains of the coasts of the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas, red Mediterranean soils were formed on limestone, especially suitable for growing fruit trees and grapes. There are soils formed on volcanic rocks. Alluvial soils are common along the river valleys.
The soil conditions of Italy are quite favorable to agriculture, although not equally everywhere. The most fertile soils are on plains and low hilly areas.
Due to the destruction of forests, increasing population density and the area of cultivated land in Italy, few wild animals remain. Only in remote areas of the Alps and Apennines, mainly in nature reserves, are there bears, wolves, chamois, roe deer, and on the island of Sardinia - mouflon, fallow deer, and wild forest cat. Wild boars are widespread. There are many foxes in the Alps. Small predators and rodents (weasels, martens, marmots, squirrels), as well as hares, are much better preserved. Hedgehogs and bats are ubiquitous. The world of reptiles and birds is rich. Italy abounds in lizards, snakes, and turtles. The bird fauna numbers about 400 species. In the mountains there are goshawks, vultures, and golden eagles, and in the highlands of the Alps - wood grouse, hazel grouse, ptarmigan, and swifts. On the plains, along the shores of lakes, there are many geese and ducks. Of marine fish, mullet, cod, sardines, tuna, and flounder are of great commercial importance, and of river fish, carp, trout, and eel are of great commercial importance.
To protect flora and fauna in Italy, four national parks have been created: Gran Paradiso, Stelvio, Circeo, Abruzzio. These are just small islands of wild nature with a total area of about 2 thousand square meters. km. Gran Paradiso and Stelvio were created in the Alps to protect high-altitude flora and fauna. Abruzzio was formed for the same purposes in the highest part of the Apennines. Circeo was created on the coast to protect not only forests, but also peculiar coastal forms - grottoes, cliffs, etc. Protective areas are being created to protect soils from erosion. However, all these measures are far from sufficient to preserve Italian nature from rapid and steady changes by human activity.
The lack of proper organization of nature conservation leads to further destruction of forests, irrational use of land for construction, reduction of the area of national parks, and destruction of forest fauna. As a result of the depopulation of mountain villages on abandoned lands, located mostly on steep slopes, soil erosion and the danger of landslides and floods are increasing.
Pollution of inland and sea waters is very noticeable. Many rivers have already become dangerous to use for water supply to cities. Industrial waste from numerous coastal enterprises pollutes the Mediterranean Sea and damages coastal fauna and flora. Thus, the discharge of wastewater into a lagoon near the city of Cagliari on the island of Sardinia endangers flamingos and other rare birds that stop here during seasonal migrations. The unbridled growth of seaside tourist centers has led to the fact that about half of the Italian coasts can now be considered destroyed or, in any case, lost for the rational development of tourism.
The habitat in large industrial cities is in a dangerous state. Italian cities are one of the last in the world for landscaping. The development of industry and road transport has led to air pollution, which in the centers of the chemical industry exceeds all permissible standards.
In general, in Italy, environmental problems are becoming more acute every year, and not enough money is allocated to solve them. The situation is complicated by the uncontrolled activities of private entrepreneurs.
3. Population
Italy ranks second in Europe (after Germany) in terms of population. The population of Italy is 57.5 million people (June 1989). About 98% of the population of Italy are Italians, a little over 2% are representatives of other nations. The national minorities of Italy are fairly compact groups that have lived for many centuries in a certain territory. In the north of the country in the border areas live Romansh (mainly Friuls) - 350 thousand people, French - about 70 thousand people, Slovenes and Croats - about 50 thousand people; in southern Italy and on the island of Sicily - Albanians (about 80 thousand people); in the south of the country - Greeks (30 thousand people); on the island of Sardinia - Catalans (10 thousand people); Jews (about 50 thousand people), etc.
The official language is Italian. It belongs to the Romance group of Indo-European languages. The entire diversity of Italian dialects is usually classified into three large groups: dialects of Northern, Central and Southern Italy.
By religion, Italians are Catholics. Although the church in Italy is separated from the state, it actively intervenes in the political life of the country and has a great influence on wide circles of the population. In the western part of Rome, one block is occupied by the Vatican State - a theocratic monarchy. Its head, the Pope, is at the same time the head of the entire Catholic Church.
The population is very unevenly distributed throughout the country, its average density is 189 people per 1 sq. km the most densely populated areas of Italy are the plains of Campania, Lombardy and Liguria, where per square meter. m has over 300 inhabitants. This is explained by favorable conditions for the development of intensive agriculture, diverse industry, port activities and tourism. The province of Naples in Campania is particularly crowded, where per 1 sq. km concentrated 2531 people. Mountainous areas are much less populated. Here the population density drops to 35 people per 1 sq. km, in the arid and economically underdeveloped areas of Sardinia and Basilicata, the population density is 60 people per 1 sq. km.
The number of economically active persons is decreasing. Over the past decades, the employment structure of the population has changed dramatically as a result of the transition of labor from agriculture to industry and the service sector, and the increasing migration of rural residents to cities. Currently, 12.8% of the economically active population is employed in agriculture, 36.4% in industry, and 50.8% in the service sector.
The population of Italy is highly mobile within the country. It is striking that migration flows are directed from economically underdeveloped regions of the South to the industrial North. The concentration of population in Rome and its environs is increasing, which is associated with the metropolitan role of this city.
Italy is constantly characterized by mass emigration. Tens of thousands of people leave it every year. This is due to the difficult living conditions of the peasantry, unemployment and low wages of workers. The standard of living of Italian workers is one of the lowest in the developed capitalist countries of Europe. Previously, Italy was characterized by emigration overseas. In the post-war period, temporary and seasonal emigration to the countries of the Common Market increased, especially to the Federal Republic of Germany and France. The balance of external migration in Italy is negative.
Italy is one of the most densely populated countries in Europe. The distribution of the population is influenced by the intensive urbanization process. The bulk of the urban population is concentrated in Northern Italy. Most cities in Italy arose in the ancient and Middle Ages. They are world famous as unique historical museums with architectural monuments of antiquity and works of art. Among them, Rome, Florence, Venice, Milan, Genoa, and Bologna stand out.
The class composition of the population is characterized by a large proportion of the urban and rural proletariat, poor peasants, artisans and handicraftsmen. The dominant position is occupied by a small industrial, commercial and agricultural bourgeoisie.
4. Economic and geographical differences
Italy is an economically developed state. In terms of its share in world production (3.6% in 1985), it is second only to the USA, Japan, Germany, France and Great Britain. Italy is an industrial-agrarian country. Industrial products make up the majority of Italian exports.
Only in a few capitalist countries can one find such sharp differences in levels of economic development as exist between the North and South of Italy.
Within the North, the triangle formed by the cities of Milan, Turin and Genoa is the region of the most highly developed industry. Milan is the second most populous city in Italy. This city ranks first in the development of industry, trade and financial functions, which is why it is often called the business capital of the country. Milan is surrounded by satellite cities, many of which serve it with their production. Milan is also widely known for its La Scala opera house. The face of Turin is determined by the automobile factories of the Fiat concern. Associated with them are enterprises of other companies specializing in the production of tires, ball bearings and electrical cables. The large industry of the North is served by Genoa (900 thousand inhabitants) - the country's largest port. The city and its suburbs, stretching along the sea, are home to many industrial enterprises. The coast of the Gulf of Genoa is also of great resort importance.
The northeastern part of the North, where Venice stands out for its industry, is less industrially developed. This city is famous for its unique canal streets and architectural monuments. Waste from industrial enterprises and municipal services polluting the Venice Lagoon, frequent floods and the gradual sinking of the city create the problem of saving the world-famous architectural monuments of Venice from destruction.
The capital occupies a special place in Italy, as in all countries of the world. Rome is located in the central part of the Apennine Peninsula, away from the sea. It is the main administrative, political and cultural center of the country. Although Rome currently has military, chemical and some other industries, its industrial importance is still small. The city has gained worldwide fame thanks to its numerous historical and architectural monuments and it is no coincidence that it is one of the largest tourism centers in the world.
The backwardness of Southern Italy created the so-called problem of the South in the country. After the Second World War, a large metallurgical plant in Taranto, several petrochemical plants, and nuclear power plants were built here, but this only slightly increased the industrial activity of the South. Naples is the most important industrial and cultural center of Southern Italy. As a passenger port it ranks first in the country, and in terms of cargo turnover it is second only to Genoa. Famous resorts are located in Naples and its surroundings.
Agriculture in Southern Italy is characterized by backward agricultural technology and low yields. While part of the landowner's land is empty or used for grazing livestock, the peasants suffer from land shortage. They use every piece of land, and in mountainous areas they carry out complex work on constructing terraces and supporting walls that protect areas from erosion.
The South provides the bulk of emigrants.
As a result of a strong earthquake in southern Italy at the end of 1980, many settlements were destroyed here. This further weakened the economic position of Southern Italy.
5. Industry
Industry is the leading sector of the Italian economy. It provides about 2/5 of national income and accounts for more than 2/5 of all employment.
Italy is very insufficiently and unevenly provided with raw materials and energy resources. Among the country's mineral resources, natural gas, pyrites, polymetallic ores, potassium salts, cinnabar (mercury ore), asbestos and some others stand out in terms of their industrial or export importance. The Italian manufacturing industry is based primarily on imported raw materials.
Italian industry is dominated by heavy industry, the leading role in which belongs to mechanical engineering. Metallurgy, electric power, chemical and petrochemical industries have also developed significantly in recent years. Basically, the country has developed industries that require skilled labor, relatively few raw materials and fuel and produce mostly mass products. Italy's oil refining industry is the most powerful in Europe. It provides not only domestic demand, but also the largest export of petroleum products among all European countries. Oil is delivered to Italy via the Mediterranean Sea mainly from the countries of the Middle East and North Africa. The largest oil refinery was built on the island of Sicily, in the city of Milazzo. Since Italian refineries use mainly imported oil brought in by sea, most of them are located near seaports, especially in the South. In the North, with its extensive pipeline system, oil refineries are close to the consumer - to large industrial centers. The use of local and imported natural gas is of great importance for the entire Italian economy. Rich natural gas deposits have been developed in the Po Valley, in the south of the Apennine Peninsula, on the island of Sicily and on the continental shelf in the Ravenna-Rimini area. The demand for natural gas is growing every year; the country imports it from North Africa, the Netherlands and Russia.
Electric power, one of the most technologically advanced industries, plays a very important role in Italy's energy economy. Italy's hydropower resources are almost completely used. In the past, hydroelectric power plants formed the basis of the Italian electricity industry, but in recent years 70% of electricity production has come from thermal power plants. Most of the hydro resources are concentrated in the Alps, where the largest hydroelectric power stations were also built: Grosio, Santa Massenza.
Back in 1905, the world's first geothermal power plants appeared in Larderello (Central Italy), but this type of energy is still underutilized.
The share of nuclear power plants in electricity production is still small. The insufficiency of the fuel and raw material base explains the very significant dependence of most sectors of Italian industry on foreign economic relations. In particular, this applies to a large extent to ferrous metallurgy: coking coal is entirely imported from abroad, mainly from the United States, more than 90% of consumed iron ore, 75% of scrap metal, and 2/3 of manganese ore are imported.
Metallurgy gravitates mainly either to ports through which raw materials and fuel for the industry are imported, or to large mechanical engineering centers, i.e. to sales markets. The largest and technically the Findser association. The core of the industry consists of four large metallurgical plants - in Genoa, Naples, Piombino, Taranto. The main products that go to the world market are thin cold-rolled sheet steel.
Among the branches of mechanical engineering, the automotive industry stands out especially. Italy is one of the largest suppliers of cars to the world market. The main products of the industry are passenger cars. The leading position in the industry is occupied by the FIAT concern - the most powerful private company in Italy and one of the largest companies in the world. The concern's factories, scattered throughout the country, produce not only passenger cars, but also trucks, buses, engines of various types, electric locomotives, trams, trolleybuses, tractors, etc. Most FIAT enterprises are located in Turin and its environs. FIAT automobile factories also appeared in the south of Italy - near Naples and Palermo. The factories of other, less significant automobile companies - FERRARI, MASERATI, LANCIA - are located in the north - in Milan, Turin, Bolzano, Modena, and also near Naples.
Geographical conditions and historical reasons explain the traditional nature of shipbuilding in Italy. About 90% of the country's shipbuilding capacity belongs to the Italcantieri company. On the Adriatic Sea, the most important shipbuilding centers are Monfalcone, Trieste, Venice and Ancona, on the Ligurian Sea - Genoa, La Spezia, Livorno, in the south shipbuilding is developed in Naples, Taranto, Messina, Palermo.
In second place after mechanical engineering in terms of the number of employees is the textile industry; one of the oldest industries in Italy, it produces fabrics and yarn from cotton, wool, silk, hemp, flax, jute and chemical fibers, as well as a variety of knitwear. Cotton mills are widely located in the North - in Lombardy and Piedmont, which is facilitated by the abundance of water and cheap electricity from Alpine hydroelectric power stations. The main wool industry areas are located in Tuscany, Piedmont and Venice. Silk industry enterprises are concentrated in the cities of Como and Treviso.
The food industry plays an important role in the Italian economy. The flour milling industry is very important for the country. In the South, the region of Naples especially stands out, where they produce not only flour, but also the famous Italian pasta, the production of which Italy ranks first in the world. There are about a hundred sugar factories scattered across the expanses of the Padan Plain, processing local sugar beets. Canning production is highly developed in the country. Mainly canning fruits and vegetables, as well as meat and fish. Italy has long been famous for its cheese. Almost the entire dairy industry is concentrated in northern Italy, where dairy farming is most developed. Italy produces 1/3 of all olive oil produced in the world.
The furniture industry is developing rapidly in Italy. According to established tradition, Italy produces the largest quantities of “antique” furniture.
The rich deposits of limestone, marble, granites, clays, gypsum, asbestos, etc. available in Italy contribute to the development of the building materials industry. The manufacture of earthenware products is widespread, the traditions of which go back to ancient times.
Italy is one of the first places in the world for the development of the jewelry industry. Florence, Rome, and Venice have long been famous for their jewelry.
industry administrative climatic alps
6. Agriculture
The natural conditions of Italy allow the cultivation of all temperate climate crops, but they are especially favorable for subtropical fruit plants and grapes. In Northern Italy there is the Padana Lowland with fertile alluvial soils, convenient for agriculture. The largest river in Italy, the Po, flows through it and is widely used for irrigation. The climate here is mild, transitional from temperate to subtropical. In Southern Italy, the terrain is mountainous, with narrow strips of lowlands stretching only along the coasts. Rocky, humus-poor soils predominate.
Italy's agriculture contributes 10% of the country's gross national income. It employs 14% of the economically active population. In recent decades, many peasants have left their farms and moved into the sphere of industrial production and services. In terms of agricultural productivity and, especially, livestock productivity, Italy is much inferior to many European countries. Agriculture reached a high level of productivity only in the North, especially in the Padan Plain, where the level of mechanization is high and fertilizers are used to a large extent.
The main branch of Italian agriculture is crop production. Over half of all arable land is occupied by grain crops, including 30% by wheat. On the most fertile lands, wheat is sometimes alternated with corn, the largest yields of which are produced in the northern regions. Rye and oats are grown on the alpine slopes and valleys. Italy ranks first in Foreign Europe in rice production, and in terms of its yield it is one of the leading rice-growing countries in the world. Rice has long been a common food for Italians. It is grown on the irrigated lands of the Padan Plain. Potatoes are planted in many areas of the country, but most of all in Campania. In Italy, various vegetables are grown: tomatoes, cabbage, salads, onions, asparagus, and melons. The main vegetable growing region of the country is also Campania. The most important industrial crop in Italy is sugar beet. More than half of the beet-growing farms are concentrated in the lower reaches of the Po River.
Italy is called "the first garden of Europe." Apples, pears, peaches, cherries, apricots, and figs are collected here. Almonds, walnuts, and hazelnuts are common in the southern regions. Italy is one of the world's largest producers of citrus fruits. Almost all of them are grown in the southern regions, primarily in Sicily. Traditional viticulture plays a huge role in Italian agriculture. In terms of grape harvest, Italy constantly competes with France for first place in the world; 90% of it is processed into wine, the production of which Italy is not inferior to any country in the world. Vineyards are spread throughout and form a characteristic feature of the Italian landscape. Another characteristic Italian crop is the plum. Italy ranks second in the world in olive harvesting after Spain.
Of the industrial crops that provide fiber for the textile industry, cotton, flax and hemp are grown in small quantities in Italy. Flower breeding is becoming increasingly important every year. A significant part of them is exported.
The agrarian system of Italy is characterized by three main types of farms: capitalist, landowners, and farms of land-poor and landless peasants. Capitalist farms, which provide the bulk of marketable products, are common in Northern Italy. They are distinguished by more advanced methods of agricultural technology, a high level of mechanization and the use of hired labor. The predominant form of land lease is monetary. For Southern Italy, a combination of large landownership (latifundia) and small peasant land use is typical, with natural forms of rent predominant.
Agriculture in Italy is diversified, like in France, but is inferior in intensity and level of development. In Italy, the role of livestock farming is gradually increasing. Dairy and meat farming predominates in the north of the country; other regions are characterized by extensive livestock farming with a predominance of small cattle.
Fishing is relatively poorly developed in Italy. The seas surrounding it are not very rich in fish, since the continental shelf is small in area and has few shoals. Freshwater fishing is declining every year as a result of industrial waste pollution of river and lake waters.
7. Culture
Italy is rightly called a museum country. This is evidenced by numerous architectural monuments, museums, and art collections. The cities of Italy are famous for their ancient palaces, cathedrals, monasteries, churches, and unique museums, some of which rank first in the world in terms of the richness of their collections. In almost all cities, the historical center has been restored in accordance with its original appearance. The breath of time in every stone, sun and magnificent beaches, hospitable people and wonderful Italian cuisine. Italy is a country of tourism, where many amazing cities and unique landscapes are concentrated in a relatively small area. It is difficult to navigate such a rich variety of possibilities in a short trip. When planning a vacation in this country, you are faced with difficult choices. But, of course, first of all it is necessary to see those places without which a trip to Italy loses all meaning.
ROME (ROMA). A city unlike any other in the world. An eternal city with a unique face and an extraordinary atmosphere, where architectural structures of different eras and styles - antique, medieval, Renaissance, baroque and modern - do not just coexist, but harmoniously combine. Admire the architectural monuments, follow the routes, sit at a table in a cafe, watch the colorful crowd and you will fall in love with Rome once and for all.
Among the architectural monuments of Rome, it is worth noting St. Peter's Cathedral (Basilica dl San Pietro), Vatican palaces and museums (Palazzi e Musei Vaticani), Pantheon (Panieon), Colosseum (Colosseo), Roman Forum (Foro Romano), Piazza Navona ) with three fountains, the Trevi Fountain (Fontana dei Trevi), Piazza di Spagna and the Church of Trinita dei Monti (Piazza di Spagnia e Trinita dei Monti), the Borghese Gallery (Galena Borghese).
FLORENCE (FIRENZE). The most “Italian” city in the country, reflecting the character and characteristics of culture more than others. This is a symbol of the Renaissance. Its palaces and squares are decorated with works of great figures, and its art galleries contain paintings by brilliant painters. Florence is the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore (Cattedrale di Santa Naria del Fiore), Baptistery (Battistero), Piazza della Signоria and Palazzo Vecchio, Uffizi Gallery, Old Bridge (Ponte Vecchio) , Pitti Gallery (Galena Pitti), Medici-Riccardi Palace (Palazzo Medici-Riccardi), Church of Santa Croce (Chiesa di Santa Croce), Medici Chapel (Cappella Medici).
VENICE (VENEZIA). The northern pearl of Italy, the world famous city-museum on the water. A romantic dream and tourist Mecca, a city of canals and bridges. Take a vaporetto ride along the Grande Canale or a gondola ride along the countless canals, wander around the city on foot at random, and feel the charm of the old narrow streets and lush palazzos. Venice leaves no one indifferent, it enchants and impresses. Every February, the Venice Carnival takes place here - the oldest and most famous among the world's carnivals. Of greatest interest are the Basilica di San Marco, the Doge's Palace (Palazzo Ducale), the Rialto Bridge (Ponte Rialto), the Church of Santa Maria della Salute, palaces along the Grand Canal and art museums.
VERONA. The ancient city, which became famous thanks to the brilliant tragedy of Shakespeare, in itself, without any doubt, deserves attention. This is one of the most visited cities in Italy, which combines the architecture of antiquity and the Renaissance. Everything here breathes history, and lovers still sigh under the famous balcony of Juliet’s house (Casa di Giuletta). In Verona there is an ancient Roman amphitheater, so preserved that the most famous opera singers still give performances in its arena.
PISA. If you want to get to the Square of Miracles (Piazza dei Miracoli), visit this quiet and pleasant town in Tuscany, near the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea. People come here, first of all, to look at the famous leaning tower (Toge pendente).
SIENA. An ocher medieval town built on three hills in the heart of the high Tuscan plateau. In the city center is one of the most beautiful squares in Italy - Campo (Piazza del Campo), built in the shape of an inverted shell. Every year in August, the world famous Palio festival takes place here - a horse race with almost no rules, accompanied by a costumed procession.
MILAN (MILANO). The financial, industrial and cultural center of the country. The capital of fashion and the richest treasury of art monuments. Milan Cathedral (il Duomo) is the most famous Gothic building in Italy. Milan is home to the most prestigious opera house in the world - La Scala.
Among the architectural monuments in Milan, special mention should be made of the Duomo (il Duomo), the monastery church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, in the refectory of which there is the famous fresco by Leonardo da Vinci “The Last Supper”, the Brera art gallery (Pinacoteca di Brega) , Sforzesco Castle (Castello Sforzesco).
Italy is visited annually by 50 million foreign tourists, mainly from Germany, France, and the USA. In Italy, the material base for receiving a large number of tourists has long been established. In terms of the number of hotel beds, it ranks first in Foreign Europe.
The magnificent beaches of the four seas washing Italy - the Adriatic Ionian, Tyrrhenian and Ligurian - with a stunningly developed tourist infrastructure attract many tourists from different countries.
The Ligurian Riviera is divided into two parts: Riviera di Ponente - this is the coast from Ventimiglia to Genoa; Riviera di Levante is the coastline from Genoa to La Spezia. Small coves and majestic cliffs, pebble and sandy beaches, palm trees and flowers, water of fantastic color, Ligurian cities from Genoa with its largest aquarium in Europe to small resort towns with hundreds of trattorias - all this is the Bay of Paradise or Fairytale Bay - this is how the coast is called Liguria. The sea on the Adriatic coast of Rimini (Rimini Riviera) and the Venetian Riviera is calm and shallow. The wide, clean Adriatic beaches of the finest white sand with excellent service are ideal for families with children and for the elderly. Each beach here has colorful rows of beach umbrellas, comfortable sun loungers, changing cabins, and showers. The most famous are on the Riviera of Rimini - Rimini, Riccione, Cattolica, Cervia, on the Venetian Riviera - Lignano and Lido di Esolo at 35 km from Venice.
For those who like to ski high in the mountains and admire the sparkling mountain peaks, we recommend the ski resorts of the northern regions of Italy, such as. Like Piedmont, Trentino, Veneto, Friuli Venezia Giulia. Grandiose landscapes, modern lifting installations, stable snow cover, steep mountain slopes attract many sports enthusiasts to the Italian Alps, the main attraction of which is Mount Blanc (Mont Blanc or Monte Bianco) - the highest peak of the Alps (and Europe), covered with powerful glaciers. And among the numerous ski resorts, the most famous are Madonna di Campiglio, Courmayeur, Cervinia, Sestriere, and the resorts of the Valle d'Aosta region.
The ski resorts of the Dolomiti Alps offer a rich selection of modern tourist services related to winter sports and the uniqueness of natural landscapes, the most significant and luxurious of which is the secular center of skiing and mountaineering Cortina d'Ampezzo.
Conclusion
Italy is located in the south of Europe. On its territory, three parts can be distinguished: mainland (about 1/2 of the area), peninsular (Apennine Peninsula) and island (islands of Sicily, Sardinia and a number of small ones). Sea borders are 4 times longer than land borders. Even the deepest regions of the country are no more than 200 - 300 kilometers from the coast.
Italy is an economically developed state. In terms of its share in world production (3.6% in 1985), it is second only to the USA, Japan, Germany, France and Great Britain. Italy is an industrial-agrarian country. Industrial products make up the majority of Italian exports.
Italy's imports are dominated by fuels (oil, coal, coke) and industrial raw materials (scrap metal, cotton); it also imports cars and food. The main role in exports is played by finished products (machinery, equipment, fabrics) and fruits (oranges, lemons). The largest trade turnover is with the countries of the Common Market, Switzerland and the USA.
Italy's foreign trade deficit is partially covered by remittances from Italians working abroad and income from tourism, in the development of which the country has long been one of the first in the world. Over 30 million foreign tourists visit Italy every year. Serving tourists has become one of the most important sectors of the economy.
Literature
1. Galkina T.A., Krasnovskaya N.A. Italy. - M.: Mysl, 1985.
2. Foreign Europe. Series "Countries and Peoples". - M.: Mysl, 1983.
3. Smirnova A.A. By continents and countries: a book for reading on the geography of continents. - M.: Education, 1981.
4. European countries. Italy. - M., 1986.
5. Countries and peoples of the world. T.8. Europe / Italy. - M., 1993.
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This article will focus on Italy. This unique country has its own distinctive features. Some people are going to visit this country for the first time, so they are interested in what the weather is like in Italy. This largely determines whether the local climate is suitable for a particular person or not. Some people love hot countries, while others prefer cold climates. In this article we will look at what the climate is like in the country, what the average summer temperature is in Italy, and other equally interesting questions.
Geography
On the geographical map of the world, Italy is the most recognizable country. Its outline resembles the shape of a boot. Any schoolchild knows about this and will accurately determine the location of the country on the map.
Italy is located mostly on the Apennine Peninsula and its adjacent islands. The country's territory also extends to the mainland - the Padana Plain, bordered by the mountain range of the Italian Alps. The area of Italy is 301,230 thousand square meters. km. The country also includes islands, the largest of which are Sardinia and Sicily, and water territory.
Temperatures in Italy are determined by the location of the country. It is mainly a mountainous state. Hills occupy about 80% of the territory here. Italy is washed by the waters of four seas - the Ionian, Tyrrhenian, Ligurian and Adriatic. The country is bordered to the north by Switzerland, France, Slovenia and Austria, and to the south by Africa.
Climate
The climate of Italy varies at different times of the year. It also depends on the distance from the sea and mountains. The country is protected from cold winds by the mountain ranges of the Alps and Apennines. The Mediterranean Sea brings humidity and warmth. The air temperature in Italy in winter rarely drops below zero. The average temperature in the capital is +9 degrees Celsius.
The country combines different types of climatic zones. The main part of Italy has a Mediterranean climate. The rest of the territory is located in temperate and subtropical climate zones. Snow falls very rarely. In the Alps, winters are cold, and the peaks are always covered with snow. The closer to the sea, the higher the humidity and air temperature.
Temperature in Italy by month
The winter months here are an opportunity for tourists to conquer the snow-covered mountain slopes. Travelers visiting Italy in December find themselves in a winter fairy tale. Cities are preparing for the Christmas holidays, everything is decorated and permeated with a pre-holiday mood. The air temperature in the north of the country is from -4 °C (at night) to +4 °C (daytime). The average temperature in the south is about +13 °C. In January, the best holiday will be at a ski resort. During this period, there are few tourists in Italy, prices for tours are low, and in the south there are prolonged rains and fog. February is also a cold month with lots of rainfall. Whether it rains or snow depends on the region. In the north, temperatures range from 0 °C to +7 °C, in the south +13 °C.
With the arrival of spring, temperatures in Italy begin to change. March is considered the most capricious month of the year. The weather during this month is very difficult to predict. During the day there may be bright sunshine, which suddenly gives way to clouds and rain. The average temperature in southern Italy is +14 °C. The capital warms up to +16 °C during the day. Night temperatures in Rome drop to +6 °C. In April the temperature finally stabilizes. The rains stop. In May, the beach season opens in southern Italy. Everything is blooming, and the sun warms Rome to +22 °C. At night in the capital the temperature drops to +12 °C.
Temperatures in Italy during the summer months are quite high. In June, during the day +27 °C, at night +16 °C. Beach season is coming into effect. July is hot and sunny. The average daytime temperature is +29 °C. In August, the thermometer can rise to +37 °C.
In September, the holiday season is still ongoing. The heat is subsiding a little. The daytime temperature reaches +29 °C, at night it drops to +20 °C. In October the nights become cool. During the day, the temperature drops to +12 °C in the north, and to +23 °C in the south. November is cloudy, with frost possible at night in the northern regions.
Water temperature in Italy
Travelers who plan to visit Italy in order to catch the beach season are, of course, interested in which months the water temperature is most suitable for swimming.
In winter, the water temperature ranges between +10 - +11 °C. With the beginning of spring, the water begins to warm up from +12 °C (in March) to +20 °C (in May). In summer, the beach season in Italy is in full swing. The water temperature on the coast rises to +29 °C. In August the water becomes like fresh milk. With the arrival of autumn, the seas cool down. The temperature drops to +23 °C. Sunny days and comfortable water for swimming persist in the month of October in Sicily. In the northern regions, the beach season is already ending at this time.
Sights of Italy
The weather in Italy in spring and autumn is most conducive to sightseeing. And there are a lot of them in Italy. Some of the most popular are the Colosseum amphitheater, preserved from antiquity, the Pantheon temple - the largest domed building, which houses the burial of Raphael, the Sistine Chapel, where the works of Michelangelo are stored, the famous La Scala opera house, the Grand Canal in Venice and many others , no less interesting places.
Tourists who have visited Italy do not remain indifferent to the cultural historical monuments located in this country. The country definitely deserves the attention of travelers.
Conclusion
Weather conditions in Italy allow tourists to choose the time for those types of holidays that they like best. Those who love skiing are better off visiting ski resorts in winter; for beach lovers, the best months are from May to September. To comfortably sightsee without suffering from cold or heat, the best season is spring-autumn. The only thing is that it is better not to plan such trips in March, since it is very difficult to predict the weather this month.