What are the climatic conditions of different parts. Climatic conditions in different parts of the country (climatic zones, average temperatures in July and January, annual precipitation)
African river system characterized by relative youth. In ancient times, the continent had a completely different appearance, because there were many more reservoirs of all kinds here, but the flow was always mainly internal.
In ancient times, in the areas of today's deserts there were lakes and even seas. However, the climate changed, as did earth's surface, the plateaus on the outskirts rose more and more, as a result, modern rivers Africa, which took over previously existing systems. These reservoirs differ from the previous ones in their short length and deep water.
Since the river beds are not mined out, many rivers have sections with rapids and ponds. This feature negatively affects the possibility of navigation, but provides enormous potential for hydropower. It is believed that hydropower resource Africa makes up 20% of the world's.
Modern rivers in Africa are very dependent on climate zone, namely the amount of annual precipitation and seasonality, are also important:
- relief;
- soil.
The main part of the rivers is filled with rain; it is clear that other methods of nutrition (snow, ice) are available only to a few mountain reservoirs. Within the equatorial belt, where the rivers are located, they are full-flowing all year round, because the best conditions exist for this.
Total area distribution river basin like this: 
- Atlantic Ocean- more than 1/3;
- internal drain - about 1/3;
- Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea - less than 1/3.
Since the continent is tilted, a significant part of the flow belongs to the Atlantic Ocean, big square also forms internal flow (Sahara, part of East Africa, the Araf depression, the Abis-lsha graben, a section of the Kalahari depression).
But the main rivers of Africa are classified as external flow:
- Congo;
- Niger;
- Zambezi;
- Orange.
Main rivers of Africa
About Nile Much has been said and written, this river gives life to the Egyptian people, passing through the desert. It stands out because of its length, because it goes through a lot of African countries and various natural conditions. It starts not far from and flows into the Mediterranean Sea. Its channel can be both calm and rapids, both shallow and deep.
river Congo Also called Zaire, it, after the Nile, ranks second in Africa in terms of basin size. Located in the center of the mainland, it crosses the lands of Angola and the Republic of Congo. The final destination is the Atlantic Ocean. Its fullness is greatest here on Earth - this is the second indicator.
The Congo has a huge number of tributaries, many areas are heavily trafficked, and waterfalls are common. Every second, this one of the main rivers in Africa contributes about 50 thousand cubic meters to the ocean. fresh water, and during high water such a muddy stream is released in the ocean for hundreds of kilometers.
The river is used not only for crossing ships, but also for other activities:
- fishing;
- oil production;
- operation of hydroelectric power stations.
River Niger located in West Africa, and here it is of enormous importance. Its pool is huge, the third on the continent. It starts in Guinea, passes through Mali, Nigeria, Niger, Benin, and flows into.
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The natives call the source of this African river sacred, so they protect it from visitors. In addition, in each locality Niger is called differently - the ancient names are still used by coastal tribes.
Many areas are navigable, which, in addition to the topography, depends on the temporary high water level. There are also waterfalls. At heavy rains One of the important tributaries, the Benue, connects with it.
There are a lot of fish here that are often caught:
- perch;
- carp;
- barbel.
The main rivers of Africa include Zambezi, which flows from a swampy area in Zambia, then travels through the following countries:
- Angola;
- Botswana;
- Namibia;
- Zimbabwe;
- Mozambique.
In the latter it flows into the Indian Ocean. A special object is one that is known throughout the world for its beauty and size. There are also other waterfalls along the river. There are two large hydroelectric power stations and one small one.
Since the Zambezi is accompanied by lush forest vegetation, in some areas - tall grass savannas, there are various inhabitants on the banks and in the waters:
- crocodiles;
- pelicans;
- drops;
- hippos;
- catfish;
- bull sharks;
- sichleads.
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In the south of the Dark Continent flows Orange River, starting in the Dragon Mountains, crosses South Africa and Namibia, ending in the Atlantic Ocean. Almost everywhere it is shallow, so I don’t use this largest river in the region for transportation. Main part of the pool Orange River deserted.
A special phenomenon has become the frequent ingress of water from the ocean into the river, and salty liquid can also be found high up the riverbed.
It should be noted that the name does not have any color explanation, because in fact, the river was originally named in honor of the Dutch Prince William of Orange - the Oran River, but in certain moment There was an error during translation that stuck.
Slide 2
Africa is a continent with many interesting and unusual rivers. African rivers flow into the Atlantic Ocean (Congo, Niger, Senegal, Gambia, Orange), into the Mediterranean Sea (Nile), into the Indian Ocean (Zambezi)
Slide 3
River Nile. The Nile is the world's largest river, with a length of 6671 kilometers, it flows in the northern and northeastern parts of Africa. The Nile flows through many African countries. The ancient Egyptian civilization flourished and fell on its banks; this river has always played a fundamental role in the life of the peoples inhabiting its valley. The source of the Nile is considered to be the Kagera River, which flows into Lake Victoria. It flows out of it under the name Victoria Nile, passes through Lake Kyota and then through Lake Alberta, from where it emerges under the name Albert Nile. Throughout this section, the river forms many rapids and waterfalls, the largest of which is Kabalega Falls, reaching a height of 40 meters
Slide 4
Neil - the only river in North Africa, which crosses the Sahara and flows into the Mediterranean Sea, being the only source of life in the desert. Together with its tributaries, it flows through the territories of four countries: Uganda, Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt. The tributaries of the Nile bring into it a large number of fertile silt that settles throughout the river valley during floods. The Nile Valley ends with a huge delta, the area of which reaches 24 thousand kilometers
Slide 5
Congo River Congo (Zaire) - this river originates between lakes Nyasa and Taganyika as the Chambesi River, Lake Bangweolo flows, then under the name Luapuda - Lake Moero, and at the end flows into the Atlantic Ocean. The length of the Congo is 4374 km, the basin area is 3680 thousand square kilometers - in terms of length it is the second of the rivers in Africa, and in terms of basin area - the first in Africa and the second in the world (after the Amazon).
Slide 6
Congo flows in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, crossing the equator twice. The Congo has many tributaries - Aruvimi, Rubi, Mongalla, Mobangi (Ouellet), Saaga-Mambere, Likuala-Lekoli, Alima, Lefini, Lomami, Lulongo, Ikelemba, Ruki, Kassai with Sankuru and Kuango, Lualaba. In its upper reaches, the Congo and its tributaries cross high plateaus and mountains, and therefore form a series of rapids and waterfalls, such as the Seven Stanley Falls. In the middle reaches of the Congo flows through flat terrain, and in downstream again abounds in waterfalls - here, one after another, as many as 32 Livingston Falls follow. The location of the river in both hemispheres leads to an interesting effect. Rainy season in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres accounts for different time, from March to November (maximum in October-November) the Congo receives the bulk of its water from the northern tributaries, in February-March - from the southern. It is not surprising that the Congo is very deep, and during floods it fills the valley for hundreds of kilometers. Flowing into the ocean, the river forms a deep tunnel for 150 kilometers, and desalinates ocean water for several tens of kilometers.
Slide 7
Niger River Niger is a river in West Africa. Its length is 4160 km, the basin area is 2092 square kilometers, that is, it ranks third after the Nile and Congo. Flowing from Guinea, the river passes through Mali, Niger, Nigeria and flows into the Gulf of Guinea. Its main tributaries are the Milo, Bani, Sokoto, Kaduna and Benue. Once upon a time pre-Niger, ancient river, flowed into the long-vanished “Saharan Sea”, in the place of which there is now a waterless desert. Thanks to the full-flowing upstream, which receives a lot of rainfall from August to November, the Niger floods widely, forming a vast rice-growing area. At its mouth, the Niger forms a wide delta, completely covered with mangroves.
Slide 8
Lakes of Africa
Slide 9
The African Great Lakes are several large lakes located in and around the East African Rift Zone. Includes Lake Victoria, the second largest freshwater lake in the world, and Tanganyika, the second deepest and largest lake in the world. List of lakes: Tanganyika, Victoria, Albert, Edward, Kivu, Malawi. Some consider only Lakes Victoria, Albert and Edward to be Great Lakes, since only these three lakes drain into the White Nile. Tanganyika and Kivu drain into the Congo River system, and Malawi drains into the Zambezi via the Shire River.
Slide 10
Tanganyika - large lake V Central Africa, coordinates of the central part - 5°30 S. w. 29°30 in. d. (G). In terms of volume and depth, Lake Tanganyika ranks second after Lake Baikal. The shores of the lake belong to four countries - Democratic Republic Congo, Tanzania, Zambia and Burundi. The length of the lake is about 650 km, width 40-80 km. Area 34 thousand sq. km. It lies at an altitude of 773 meters above sea level in the tectonic depression of the East African Rift Zone. The lake is home to hippopotamuses, crocodiles, and many waterfowl. Fishing and shipping are well developed. Lake Tanganyika
Slide 11
Victoria, Victoria-Nyanza, Ukerewe (Victoria, VictoriaNyanza) - lake in East Africa, in Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda. Located in the tectonic trough of the East African Platform, at an altitude of 1134 m. The 2nd largest freshwater lake in the world after Lake Superior and the most big lake in Africa. Area 68 thousand sq. km, length 320 km, maximum width 275 km. It is part of the Victoria Reservoir. Many islands. Flows high-water river Kagera, flows out of the Victoria Nile River. The lake is navigable, local residents They engage in fishing on it. The northern coast of the lake crosses the equator. Lake at maximum depth 80 m refers to fairly deep lakes. Unlike deep-water neighbors, Tanganyika and Nyasa, which lie within the African gorges system, Lake Victoria fills a shallow depression between the eastern and western sides of the Great Gorge valley. The lake gets great amount water from rains, more than from all its tributaries. Its waters are home to a huge number of crocodiles, and the lang fish (fish) that lived here 300 million years ago still lives here. She can inhale and hold air in her gills, like in her lungs. This rarest fish is the link between ordinary fish and terrestrial animals. Lake Victoria
IN different areas In Russia, temperatures in January and July and annual precipitation vary greatly. Average monthly temperatures in July are positive throughout Russia. July isotherms are located almost latitudinally, which determines the decisive influence on the summer temperature regime solar radiation and lower importance of circulation processes.
In winter due to negative radiation balance Intensive cooling of the surface is taking place on the territory of Russia. January temperatures change when moving from west to east and depend on the circulation of air masses.
Radiation balance– the difference between the total radiation and its losses due to reflection and thermal radiation.
The amount of precipitation is extremely unevenly distributed throughout the country. The decisive factors are proximity or distance from the sea, absolute altitude places, location of mountain ranges. To characterize the moisture supply of an area, it is used humidification coefficient(TO).
Humidity coefficient– the ratio of the annual amount of precipitation to evaporation (the amount of moisture that can evaporate from the water surface at a given temperature for the same period): K = O: I.
- When K > 1, moisture is excessive (tundra, forest-tundra, taiga, mixed forest);
- At K = 1, there is sufficient moisture (forest-steppe);
- At K< 1 увлажнение недостаточное (степи);
- At K< 0,3 увлажнение скудное (полупустыни и пустыни).
On the territory of Russia are being formed Various types climates: arctic, subarctic, temperate (temperate continental, continental, sharply continental, monsoon).
The Arctic climate is typical for the islands of the Arctic Ocean and its Siberian coasts. Cold arctic air prevails here throughout the year. In this climate there are only two seasons: long Cold winter and short cool summer. Average temperatures in January are –24–30 °C. Summer temperatures are low: from +2 to +5 °C. Precipitation amount is 200–300 mm per year.
The subarctic climate is typical for territories located beyond the Arctic Circle in the Russian and West Siberian Plains. IN Eastern Siberia this type of climate is common up to 60° N. w. The severity of the climate increases from west to east. The annual precipitation is 200–400 mm per year.
A temperate continental climate prevails in the European part of Russia. The main features of this climate: warm summers (+12–24 °C), frosty winter(from –4 to –20 °C), annual precipitation is more than 800 mm in the west and up to 500 mm in the center of the Russian Plain.
Continental climate is typical for Western Siberia. The main features of this climate are: warm summers, sultry in the south (+15–26 °C), severe winters - average January temperatures range from –15 to –25 °C. Precipitation falls 600 mm per year in the north and less than 200 mm in the south.
A sharply continental climate is common in Eastern Siberia. This climate is characterized by low cloud cover, scant precipitation, large amplitudes of air temperatures, warm and hot summers and frosty winter with little snow. Average July temperatures are +16–20 °C, January temperatures are –25–45 °C, annual precipitation is less than 500 mm.
Monsoon climate temperate zone typical for southern regions Far East. This climate is formed under conditions of changing seasons of air masses that sharply differ in their properties. In winter, continental climates dominate here. air masses temperate latitudes, coming from the Asian anticyclone, so the winter is cold, sunny and with little snow. Average temperatures in January are –15–30 °C. Summer is cloudy and cool ( average temperature July +10–20 °C) with high precipitation (up to 600–800 mm). This type of weather is associated with the influx sea air and active cyclonic activity.
The climatic conditions on the territory of Russia are very diverse, which causes large differences in the nature of other components of nature, the development of which is associated with climatic features: surface waters, soils, vegetation and fauna.
Geography 7th grade
Subject. Types of climate. Comparative characteristics climatic conditions, life activities of people in different parts Russia.
Goals. Give a comparative description of climatic conditions and people’s livelihoods in different parts of Russia.
Correct oral speech learning, visual orientation, voluntary attention, thinking.
Cultivate interest in the subject, a desire to learn more about your country.
Equipment. Climate map Russia.
During the classes.
I Organizational moment.
II Checking d/z.
- What minerals are mined in Russia?
- Name it large deposits natural gas and oil. Find them on the map.
- Where is it mined? coal? How is it mined?
- What minerals are used in production? building materials? Where are their deposits?
- Why is it important to take care of natural resources(mineral resources)?
- How is nature depleted during mining?
III Preliminary conversation.
- What lighting zones do you know?
- What is climate? What does it depend on?
- What is the weather?
- What weather components do you know?
IV Work on the topic.
What influences climate formation? Geographical position, terrain, proximity of seas and oceans, quantity solar heat entering the territory.
The highest air temperature in southern regions our country.
In Russia, plains predominate; there are no mountains in the north and west => air masses from the Atlantic and Arctic oceans easily penetrate into the interior of the country. In the east, on the contrary, mountain ranges limit influence Pacific Ocean on climate.
The Arctic climate zone is the northern outskirts of the country.
Temperate climate The ic belt is the largest part of the country. Differences in climate due to the large extent of the country.
a) In the north, winters are colder and summers are cooler than in central and southern parts. It is cold from 6 months in the north to 2 in the south).
b) In the European part, under the influence of Atl. ocean winter is not too cold and warm summer. They grow vegetables, potatoes, flax, oats, and rye.
c) In the south are the main agricultural regions. They grow wheat, corn, sunflowers, rice, beets, vegetables, and fruits. They raise cows, sheep, and pigs.
d) For the climate of W/Siberia e) In W/Siberia the harshest climate. In winter t = - 400. Summer is sunny and warm.
f) In Yakutia, near the village of Oymyakon, there is a cold pole t = - 710.
g) The regions of Western and Eastern Siberia are unfavorable for agriculture and livestock raising. They grow vegetables, potatoes, and rye. Production of agricultural products, logging and processing of timber is developed.
h) In the D/East, winters are cold, with little snow, and summers are cloudy and rainy. There are heavy rains and frequent floods.
Subtropical climate. South of the country, Black Sea coast. Mild winter, t in winter not lower than 00, hot summer. Resorts: Sochi, Anapa, Tuapse, Gelendzhik. Gardening, viticulture.
Vocabulary: floods, viticulture.
V Fastening.
Conversation on issues.
- What factors influence climate?
- Why are there several climate zones on the territory of Russia?
- What climate is typical for the Far North?
- In what climate zone is most of our country located? Describe this climate.
- Tell us about the climate of the European part of Russia.
- How does the climate of Western Siberia differ from the climate of Eastern Siberia and the Far East?
- Why are there many resorts on the Black Sea coast?
Working with cards.
VII Lesson summary.
VIII D/z – p. 17 – 19, questions.
IX Assessments.
Temperate climate:
· warm, hot, frosty, snowy, cool, rainy__________________________________________________________________________________________
Answer the questions.
_____________________________________________________
Complete the definition and answer the question.
Climate - ________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Why are there several climate zones on the territory of Russia? _____________________________
__________________________________________________
Which climatic zones of our country correspond to these descriptions?
The winter is harsh and long, with snow for about nine months of the year. Summer is cool and short. Ice melts only along the ocean coast. There is a big difference between winter and summer air temperatures. There is little precipitation. __________________ climate zone.
All seasons of the year are well expressed: winter, spring, summer, autumn. Summer is warm, winter is frosty, with snow. ___________ climate zone.
Mild winters, air temperature does not drop below 00 C, hot summers. _______________ climate zone.
Compose and write sentences about the climate of Russia using helper words.
Arctic climate: harsh, long-lasting, cool, short, little rainfall.________________________________
_____________________________________________________ Temperate climate: warm, hot, frosty, snowy, cool, rainy________________________________________________________________________________________________
Subtropical climate: mild, hot, warm, sunny.
Answer the questions.
What resort cities are there? Black Sea coast You know? ________________________________________
What attracts vacationers from all over the country to these cities?___
_____________________________________________________
Russia is located in different climatic zones. In the Far North, the climate is harsh - winters are long and cold, and summers are short and cool. Most of the country is located in the temperate climate zone. The temperate climate of the European part of the country is less severe than the climate of Siberia. In the south there are areas with a warm subtropical climate. The occupations and lifestyle of the population depend on natural and climatic conditions.
Russia is located in different climatic zones. In the Far North, the climate is harsh - winters are long and cold, and summers are short and cool. Most of the country is located in the temperate climate zone. The temperate climate of the European part of the country is less severe than the climate of Siberia. In the south there are areas with a warm subtropical climate. The occupations and lifestyle of the population depend on natural and climatic conditions.
Russia is located in different climatic zones. In the Far North, the climate is harsh - winters are long and cold, and summers are short and cool. Most of the country is located in the temperate climate zone. The temperate climate of the European part of the country is less severe than the climate of Siberia. In the south there are areas with a warm subtropical climate. The occupations and lifestyle of the population depend on natural and climatic conditions.
Russia is located in different climatic zones. In the Far North, the climate is harsh - winters are long and cold, and summers are short and cool. Most of the country is located in the temperate climate zone. The temperate climate of the European part of the country is less severe than the climate of Siberia. In the south there are areas with a warm subtropical climate. The occupations and lifestyle of the population depend on natural and climatic conditions.
Russia is located in different climatic zones. In the Far North, the climate is harsh - winters are long and cold, and summers are short and cool. Most of the country is located in the temperate climate zone. The temperate climate of the European part of the country is less severe than the climate of Siberia. In the south there are areas with a warm subtropical climate. The occupations and lifestyle of the population depend on natural and climatic conditions.
Hello Dear friends! It's time again for some new and interesting information. 🙂 I think that an article on the topic of what types of climate there are will help you decide on a vacation in all seasons.
In winter, rain and rare snowfalls are mainly caused by cyclones. Hurricanes (or typhoons) occur in late summer and autumn, especially in the Northern Hemisphere.
This type of climate is typical for west coast continents in the south and north of the tropics. In North Africa and Southern Europe Such climatic conditions are typical for the coast Mediterranean Sea, which also allowed this climate to be called Mediterranean.
This type of climate also occurs central regions Chile, southern California, in extreme southern Africa and in parts of southern Australia.
In these areas, summers are hot and winters are mild. In winter, just like in humid subtropics, occasionally there are frosts.
In summer inland areas temperatures are significantly higher than on the coast and often the same as in tropical deserts. Also in summer on the coast, near which there are ocean currents, there are often fogs.
Maximum precipitation is associated with the passage of cyclones in winter, when westerly air currents shift toward the equator. The dryness of the summer season is determined by the influence of anticyclones and declining air flows over the oceans.
In conditions subtropical climate average annual quantity precipitation ranges from 380 mm to 900 mm, and reaches maximum values on the mountain slopes and on the coast.
In summer, there is usually not enough rainfall for normal tree growth, so a specific type of evergreen shrubby vegetation develops there, known as mali, maquis, macchia, chaparral and fynbos.
Semiarid climate of temperate latitudes.
A synonym for this type of climate is steppe climate. It is mainly characteristic of inland areas that are remote from the oceans - sources of moisture - and mainly located in the rainy shadow of high mountains.
The main areas with a semiarid climate are the Great Plains and intermountain basins North America and steppes of central Eurasia. Its inland location in temperate latitudes results in cold winters and hot summers.
The average temperature below 0°C occurs in at least one winter month, and the average temperature of the warmest summer month exceeds 21°C. Depending on the latitude, the temperature regime and the duration of the frost-free period change significantly.
To characterize this climate, the term “semiarid” is used, because this climate is less dry than the climate itself. arid climate. The annual amount of precipitation is partly more than 500 mm, but not less than 250 mm.
Because for development steppe vegetation in conditions more high temperatures necessary large quantity precipitation, latitudinal-geographical and altitudinal position of the area determine climatic changes.
Throughout the year general patterns precipitation distribution for semiarid climate does not exist. For example, in those areas adjacent to wet areas continental climate, precipitation occurs mainly in summer, and in areas bordering the subtropics with dry summers, maximum precipitation is observed in winter.
Most of the winter precipitation comes from mid-latitude cyclones. They often fall in the form of snow, and may also be accompanied by strong winds. Summer thunderstorms often include hail.
Semiarid climate of low latitudes.
This type of climate is typical for the outskirts tropical deserts(for example, the deserts of central Australia and the Sahara), where downdrafts of air in subtropical zones high pressure prevent precipitation.
This climate differs from the semiarid climate of temperate latitudes warm winter and very hot summers. Average monthly temperatures are above 0°C, although sometimes there are frosts in winter, especially in those areas that are furthest from the equator and located at high altitudes.
Here, the amount of precipitation that is necessary for the existence of closed natural herbaceous vegetation is higher than in temperate latitudes. On the outer (southern and northern) outskirts of deserts, maximum precipitation falls in winter, while in the equatorial line rain falls mainly in summer.
Precipitation mainly falls in the form of thunderstorms, and in winter the rains are brought by cyclones.
Arid climate of temperate latitudes.
This type of climate is mainly characteristic of the Central Asian deserts, and in the west - only for small areas in intermountain basins.
The temperatures here are the same as in the semiarid climate regions, but there is not enough precipitation for the existence of a closed natural vegetation cover and usually the average annual precipitation does not exceed 250 mm.
The amount of precipitation, which determines aridity, as in semiarid conditions, depends on the temperature regime.
Arid climate of low latitudes.
It's dry and hot climate tropical deserts that stretch along the Southern and Northern tropics, and for a significant part of the year are under the influence of subtropical anticyclones.
Only in the mountains or on the coast, which is washed by cold ocean currents, can one find salvation from the debilitating summer heat. Summer temperatures on the plains noticeably exceed 32°C, and winter temperatures, as a rule, are above 10°C.
The average annual precipitation in most of this climatic region does not exceed 125 mm. It even happens that for several years in a row for many weather stations No precipitation is recorded at all.
The average annual precipitation can reach 380 mm, but this is only sufficient for the development of sparse desert vegetation.
Along western shores Africa and South America, where precipitation and cloud formation are hampered by cold ocean currents, are the driest areas.
Fogs common occurrence on this coast. They are formed due to the condensation of moisture in the air above cold surface ocean.
Variable humid tropical climate.
Areas of this type of climate are tropical sublatitudinal zones several degrees south and north of the equator. This climate is also called tropical monsoon climate because it prevails in those parts of South Asia that are under the influence of monsoons.
Other areas of this type of climate are the tropics Northern Australia, Africa, South and Central America. Average temperatures in winter are around 21°C, and in summer they are usually around 27°C. As a rule, the most hot month preceded summer season rains.
The average annual precipitation ranges from 750 mm to 2000 mm. The intertropical convergence zone has a decisive influence on the climate during the summer rainy season. There are often thunderstorms here, and sometimes, for a long period, it remains overcast with persistent rains.
Since this season is dominated by subtropical anticyclones, winter is dry. Rain in some areas does not fall for two or three days winter months. The wet season in South Asia coincides with the summer monsoon, which Indian Ocean brings humidity, and in winter the Asian continental dry air mass spreads here.
This climate is also called a humid climate. tropical forests. It is distributed in equatorial latitudes in the Amazon basins South America and Congo in Africa, on the islands South-East Asia and on the Malay Peninsula.
The average temperature of any month in the humid tropics is at least 17°C, and average monthly temperature about 26°C. As in the variably humid tropics, due to the same length of day throughout the year and the high midday solstice above the horizon, seasonal temperature fluctuations are small.
Thick vegetation cover, cloudiness and wet air interfere with nighttime cooling and maintain maximum daytime temperatures below 37°C. In the humid tropics, the average annual precipitation ranges from 1500 mm to 2500 mm.
Precipitation is predominantly associated with the intertropical convergence zone, which is located slightly north of the equator. In some areas, seasonal shifts of this zone to the south and north lead to the formation of two maximum precipitation throughout the year, which are separated by drier periods. Thousands of thunderstorms pass over the humid tropics every day.
Highland climate.
Significant in high mountain areas is due to the latitudinal-geographical position, different exposure of slopes in relation to wet air flows and the Sun and orographic barriers.
Sometimes, even at the equator, snow falls in the mountains. Bottom line eternal snow descends towards the poles, reaching sea level in the polar regions. The windward slopes of mountain ranges receive more precipitation.
A decrease in temperature can be observed on mountain slopes that are open to cold air intrusions.
In general, this type of climate is characterized by more high clouds, more low temperatures, a more complex wind regime and more precipitation than for the climate of the plains at the corresponding latitudes. Precipitation patterns and seasonal changes here it is usually the same as on the adjacent plains.
This was a description of climate types, which, I hope, greatly helped you understand this issue. See you again on the blog pages!
