Which countries belong to the Big Seven list. "big seven"
, Germany, Italy, Canada, USA, France and Japan.
The unofficial forum of the leaders of these states (with the participation of the European Commission), within the framework of which approaches to current international problems are coordinated, also bears the same name. According to an unspoken rule, the group's summits are held annually in rotation in each of the member states.
Concept "Big Seven" arose in Russian journalism due to the erroneous decoding of the English abbreviation G7 as Great Seven in the early 1990s, although in reality it stands for Group of Seven.
The G7 is not an international organization, it is not based on an international treaty, and does not have a charter or secretariat. The decisions of the G7 are not binding. As a rule, we are talking about fixing the intention of the parties to adhere to an agreed line or about recommendations to other participants in international life to use certain approaches in resolving certain issues. Since the G7 does not have a charter, it is impossible to officially become a member of this institution.
The term "Big Seven", a continuation of which became the term "Big Eight", arose in Russian journalism from the erroneous decoding of the English abbreviation G7 as "Great Seven", although in fact it stands for "Group of Seven" ( "Group of Seven") The first use of the term “Big Seven” was recorded in the article “The Baltics cost Gorbachev $16 billion” in the Kommersant-Vlast magazine dated January 21, 1991.
The idea of holding meetings of leaders of the most industrialized countries in the world arose in the early 1970s in connection with the economic crisis and the deterioration of relations between the United States, Western Europe and Japan on economic and financial issues.
At the first meeting on November 15-17, 1975, at the Rambouillet Palace, on the initiative of the then French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, heads of state and government of six countries gathered (since the early 70s, similar meetings were held at the level of finance ministers): France, USA, Great Britain , Germany, Italy and Japan. At the G6 meeting, a Joint Declaration on Economic Issues was adopted, which called for non-aggression in the trade area and refusal to establish new discriminatory barriers.
In 1976, the “six” turned into a “seven”, accepting Canada into its membership, and during 1991-2002 it was gradually transformed (according to the “7+1” scheme) into the “eight” with the participation of Russia. Since 2014, it has again functioned in the G7 format - after the annexation of Crimea to the Russian Federation, Western countries refused to participate in the work of the G8 and began to hold meetings in the G7 format.
The chairman of the “seven” is, during each calendar year, the head of one of the member countries in the following rotation order: France, USA, Great Britain, Germany, Japan, Italy, Canada (since 1981).
In addition to the summer meetings of heads of state, ministerial level meetings are often held:
GDP dynamics in the G8 countries in 1992-2009, as a percentage of the 1992 level.
Meetings of the heads of state and government of the G7 countries are held annually (usually in the summer) on the territory of the chairing state. In addition to the heads of state and government of the member countries, the meetings are attended by two representatives of the European Union, namely the President of the European Commission and the head of the country currently presiding over the EU.
The agenda of the summit is formed by Sherpas - trusted representatives of the leaders of the G7 countries.
The heads of the G20 countries: India, China, South Africa, Mexico, Brazil, in addition, the G20 included South Korea, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Indonesia, Argentina, Spain, and the heads of international and regional unions (EU, CIS) came.
Since 1996, after a meeting in Moscow, Russia began to take an increasingly active part in the work of the association, and since 1997 it has participated in its work on an equal basis with other participants in the association, which then became the Group of Eight (“G8”).
Russia was the chairing country of the G8 during 2006, at the same time the only summit of this organization on the territory of the Russian Federation took place in St. Petersburg (the meeting that took place in Moscow in 1996 was not recognized as a summit).
The Russian Federation was represented at the summits
January 12, 2016The so-called Group of Seven was formed in the 70s of the twentieth century. It can hardly be called a full-fledged organization. It is rather a simple international forum. Nevertheless, the G7 countries, the list of which is given in this article, have influence on the world political stage.
Briefly about G7
"Big Seven", "Group of Seven" or simply G7 - this club of leading states is called differently in the world. It is a mistake to call this forum an international organization, since this community does not have its own charter and secretariat. And the decisions made by the G7 are not binding.
Initially, the abbreviation G7 included the decoding of “Group of Seven” (in the original: Group of Seven). However, Russian journalists interpreted it as the Great Seven back in the early 1990s. After this, the term “Big Seven” became entrenched in Russian journalism.
Our article lists all the G7 countries (the list is presented below), as well as their capitals.
History of the formation of the international club
Initially, the Group of Seven had a G6 format (Canada joined the club a little later). The leaders of the six leading states of the planet first met in this format in November 1975. The initiator of the meeting was French President Valéry Giscard D'Estaing. The main topics of that meeting were the problems of unemployment, inflation, and the global energy crisis.
In 1976, Canada joined the group, and in the 1990s, the G7 was replenished with Russia, gradually transforming into the G8.
The idea of creating such a forum was in the air back in the early 70s of the last century. The powers that be were prompted to such thoughts by the energy crisis, as well as the worsening relations between Europe and the United States. Since 1976, the G7 has met annually.
The following section lists all G7 countries. The list includes the capitals of all these states. Representatives from each country are also listed (as of 2015).
"Big Seven" countries of the world (list)
Which states are part of the G7 today?
Below are all the G7 countries (list) and their capitals:
- USA, Washington (representative - Barack Obama).
- Canada, Ottawa (Justin Trudeau).
- Japan, Tokyo (Shinzo Abe).
- Great Britain, London (David Cameron).
- Germany, Berlin (Angela Merkel).
- France, Paris (Francois Hollande).
- Italy, Rome (Mateo Renzi).
If you look at the political map, you can conclude that the countries that are part of the G7 are concentrated exclusively in the Northern Hemisphere of the planet. Four of them are in Europe, one is in Asia, and two more states are located in America.
G7 summits
The G7 countries meet annually at their summits. Meetings are held in turn in the cities of each state from among the members of the “Group”. This unspoken rule continues to this day.
A number of famous cities hosted the G7 summits: London, Tokyo, Bonn, St. Petersburg, Munich, Naples and others. Some of them managed to host leading world politicians twice or even three times.
The topics of the G7 meetings and conferences vary. In the 1970s, issues of inflation and unemployment were most often raised, the problem of the rapid rise in oil prices was discussed, and dialogue was being established between East and West. In the 1980s, the G7 became concerned about AIDS and the rapid growth of the world's population. In the early 1990s, the world experienced a lot of major geopolitical cataclysms (the collapse of the USSR and Yugoslavia, the formation of new states, the unification of Germany, etc.). Of course, all these processes became the main topic of discussion at the G7 summits.
The new millennium has presented the world community with new global problems: climate change, food security, poverty, local military conflicts and others.
G7 and Russia
In the mid-90s, Russia began to actively integrate into the work of the G7. Already in 1997, G7, in fact, changed its format and turned into G8.
The Russian Federation remained a member of the elite international club until 2014. In June, the country was even preparing to host the G8 summit in Sochi. However, the leaders of the other seven states refused to take part in it, and the summit was moved to Brussels. The reason for this was the conflict in Ukraine and the fact of annexation of the Crimean Peninsula to the territory of the Russian Federation. The leaders of the USA, Canada, Germany and other G7 countries do not yet see the possibility of returning Russia to the G7.
Finally...
The G7 countries (a list of which is presented in this article) undoubtedly have significant influence on world politics. Throughout the history of its existence, the Group of Seven has held several dozen meetings and forums at which pressing issues and global problems were discussed. The members of the G7 are the USA, Canada, Japan, Great Britain, Germany, France and Italy.
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G7 countries
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The Big Seven (G7) is a group of seven industrialized countries: Japan, France, the United States, Canada, Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom (see Figure 1). The G7 was created during the oil crisis of the 1970s of the last century - as an informal club
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Main goals of creation:
coordination of financial and economic relations; acceleration of integration processes; development and effective implementation of anti-crisis policy; searching for all possible ways to overcome contradictions that arise both between the G7 member countries and with other states; identifying priorities in the economic and political spheres.
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The decision on the need to hold meetings of the leaders of the above countries was made in connection with the deterioration of relations between Japan, Western Europe and the United States on a number of financial and economic issues. The first meeting was organized by Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (then President of France) in Rambouillet on November 15-17, 1975. It brought together the heads of six countries: Japan, France, Germany, the USA, Italy and Great Britain. Canada joined the club in 1976 at a meeting in Puerto Rico. Since that time, meetings of participating countries began to be called G7 “summits” and take place on a regular basis. In 1977, the leaders of the European Union arrived as observers at the summit, which was hosted by London. Since then, their participation in these meetings has become a tradition. Since 1982, the scope of the G7's activities has also included political issues.
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Russia's first participation in the G7 occurred in 1991, when Mikhail Gorbachev, the President of the USSR, was invited to the summit. But it was only in June 1997, at a meeting in Denver, that a decision was made to join the “club of seven” of Russia. However, Russia still does not take part in the discussion of some issues.
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Participating countries:
The United States of America (USA), often used as the United States, or simply America, is a state in North America. Area - 9.5 million km². Population - 325 million people.
The capital is the city of Washington
As of 2014, the US economy was the first economy in the world by nominal GDP and the second largest by GDP (PPP). The United States has a powerful military, including the world's largest navy; have a permanent seat on the UN Security Council; are a founding state of the North Atlantic Alliance (NATO's military-political bloc). The country also has the second (after Russia) nuclear potential on the planet (in terms of the total number of deployed warheads). With the greatest economic, political, cultural and military influence in the world, the United States is currently considered the only superpower on the planet.
USA
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Japan is one of the most developed countries in the world with a thousand-year history, distinctive culture and traditions. Capital - Tokyo
Japan
Japan is located in East Asia, on 6852 islands. The largest: Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, accounting for 97% of the entire territory.
Despite its relatively small area - 377,944 km², the country is densely populated. According to 2015 data, 126 million 958 thousand people live here
Japan today is the only state on the planet against which nuclear weapons have been used.
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France
The French Republic is a state in Western Europe. It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
Republic with a presidential form of government. The head of state is the president. The head of government is the prime minister. The highest legislative power belongs to the bicameral parliament (Senate and National Assembly).
Area 674,685 km² Population 66,627,602 people Capital Paris Largest cities Nice, Marseille, Lyon, Toulouse Language French
The French Republic is considered the most interesting European country. More than seventy-five million tourists come here every year. Of course, Paris is considered the cultural capital of France. This city alone has many unique monuments of world culture, not to mention the entire country.
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Canada
Canada is an independent federal state that is part of the British Commonwealth of Nations. The form of government is a constitutional monarchy. The head of state is the British Queen, on whose behalf all legislative acts and government decisions are published.
Area 9,984,670 km² Population 36,048,521 people Capital Ottawa (since 1867) Largest cities Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal, Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton Languages English, French
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Italy
A state in Southern Europe, in the center of the Mediterranean. Member of the European Union and NATO since their creation, it is the third largest economy in the eurozone
Italy is an amazing country in which history and modernity, different eras and a rich cultural heritage, traditions and identity are intertwined.
Italy is inhabited by wonderful people, known for their hot southern temperament, openness, cordiality, amazing sociability, ease and hospitality.
Area 301,338 km² Population 60,674,003 people Capital Rome (since 1946) Largest cities Rome, Venice, Milan, Florence, Naples, Genoa, Turin, Bologna, Bari, Palermo Language Italian
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Germany
Germany is an amazing country with a thousand-year history and centuries-old traditions, whose chronicle includes victories and defeats, periods of prosperity and truly tragic pages.
Today, the Federal Republic of Germany (this is the official name of the state) is one of the most developed economies in the world, and its internal political structure is an example of parliamentary democracy and the effective distribution of powers between the center and the constituent entities of the federation.
Area 357,021 km² Population 81,292,400 people Capital Berlin (since 1990) Largest cities Munich, Berlin, Cologne, Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg, Düsseldorf, Stuttgart, Leipzig, Bremen, Heads Angela Merkel (Chancellor), Joachim Gauck (President)
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Great Britain
Great Britain is a small state in northwestern Europe. The full name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. In just 24 hours you can travel 1,440 km, separating Land's End on the southwest coast of Cornwall from the town of John o' Groats in northeast Scotland.
The state consists of four “historical provinces” (in English - “countries”, that is, “countries”): England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The form of administrative-territorial structure is a unitary state, although three of the four historical provinces (except England) have a significant degree of autonomy.
Area 242,495 km² Population 65,102,385 people Capital London Largest cities London, Edinburgh, Manchester, Glasgow, Belfast, Birmingham, Leeds Heads Elizabeth II (monarch), Theresa May (Prime Minister)
"(G7, G7) is an association of seven leading economically developed countries, which includes the USA, Germany, Japan, Great Britain, France, Italy and Canada.
The decision to hold meetings of the leaders of the industrialized countries of the world was taken in the early 1970s due to financial instability and the first oil crisis caused by the decision of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) to impose an embargo on oil supplies to Western countries that supported Israel in Yom Kippur War (1973).
The origins of the G7 were laid by a meeting of the finance ministers of France, Germany, the United States and Great Britain, who, realizing the need to regulate economic and fiscal policies, met on March 25, 1973 in the White House library, thereby forming the so-called “library group”. In September 1973, Japan joined the Quartet. The finance ministers of the five countries met periodically until the mid-1980s.
The first meeting of the leaders of six industrialized countries - the USA, Japan, France, Great Britain, Germany and Italy - took place on November 15-17, 1975 in Rambouillet (France) on the initiative of French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing.
The final declaration of the meeting in Rambouillet, along with agreed assessments of the main world trade, monetary, financial and economic problems, spoke of the priority importance of providing the economies of Western countries with “sufficient” energy resources. The main directions for overcoming the energy crisis were agreed upon: reducing imports of energy resources and their conservation; rational use of natural resources and development of alternative energy sources; ensuring more balanced conditions in the global energy market through cooperation with energy producing countries. It was noted that “the growth of the world economy is direct.”
In 1976, Canada joined the six. Since 1977, representatives of the European Union have attended G7 meetings.
Initially, the G7 dealt exclusively with monetary policy issues. At the turn of the 1970s and 1980s, the association began to deal with a wider range of issues. The leaders discussed political and military issues (terrorism, security, missile launchers in Europe, weapons and nuclear energy, the situation in Afghanistan, institutional cooperation, the future of Central and Eastern Europe, reform of the UN and the IMF), social (sustainable development, protection of human rights, support developing countries to reduce their debt), environmental issues (climate change, greenhouse gas emissions) and economic issues (international trade, debt crisis, economic assistance, macroeconomic policy coordination).
Russia first joined the G7 in 1991, when USSR President Mikhail Gorbachev was invited to a meeting of the Club of Seven. He did not directly participate in the summit, but met with the G7 leaders both individually and as a group and discussed in detail plans for Soviet economic and political reform.
In 1992, the first president of Russia, Boris Yeltsin, took part in the G7 meeting in Munich. A number of bilateral and group meetings with G7 leaders formally remained outside the scope of the summit.
For the first time, Russia took part in political discussions as a full-fledged partner at the 1994 summit in Naples (Italy). In 1997, at a summit in Denver (USA), Russia joined the Group of Seven with restrictions on participation in the discussion of certain financial and other economic issues.
In 1998, in Birmingham (UK), the G7 officially became the G8 with Russia as a full member.
Under the chairmanship of Russia, the G8 summit was first held in 2006 in the St. Petersburg suburb of Strelna. The three main agenda items for the summit were energy security, health/infectious diseases and education. Other topics included: intellectual property piracy, anti-corruption, trade, terrorism, stabilization and post-conflict reconstruction, non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, the Middle East and Africa.
In 2014, the G8 summit, but on March 3, the White House press service issued a statement that the G7 countries had stopped preparing for the G8 summit in Sochi because of the Russian position on Crimea and Ukraine.
On June 4-5, 2014, the leaders of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Great Britain, the United States, the President of the European Council and the President of the European Commission held their own summit in Brussels (Belgium) in the G7 format. The main topic of the meeting.
2015 G7 summit. In the final summary, the countries agreed on an annual allocation of $100 billion until 2020 for climate protection, formulated a goal to reduce global warming by two degrees, recorded support for the fight against terrorist groups like the Islamic State * and Boko Haram, and called for the speedy creation of a national government unity in Libya, which would be an important step in the war against terrorists.
In 2016, the G7 summit was held in Japan. Following the summit, the leaders of the G7 countries adopted a joint declaration and a number of other documents, agreeing on measures to promote global economic growth and a common position on combating terrorism and corruption, as well as on solving a wide range of international problems, including in relations between Russia and Ukraine , around North Korea and Syria.
The "Seven", in particular, had a unified opinion on the need to maintain sanctions against Russia and threatened the possibility of tightening them. At the same time, she emphasized the importance of maintaining a dialogue with Moscow and its constructive efforts to resolve the crisis in Ukraine.
The leaders of the countries discussed issues related to climate change, the fight against terrorism, resolving the migration crisis, Russia, Syria, as well as assistance to African countries in the fight against epidemics and famine.
Following the meetings, the participants adopted a declaration in which, in particular, they confirmed their support for Ukraine, stating that Russia is responsible for this conflict. The leaders also expressed their readiness to tighten sanctions against Moscow if the situation requires it.
The countries also announced their intention to strengthen cooperation in the fight against IS*, in particular in Syria and Iraq. The leaders called for the punishment of those who commit crimes in the name of IS* and use chemical weapons. They also demanded that Russia and Iran exert influence on Damascus to strengthen the ceasefire.
The Great Eight (G8) or Group of Eight is the forum for the governments of the world's eight largest national economies by both nominal GDP and the highest human development index; it does not include India, which is in 9th place in terms of GDP, Brazil - in seventh place and China - in second place. The forum arose from the 1975 summit, which was held in France and brought together representatives of six governments: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Great Britain, and the United States, which led to the appearance of the abbreviation “Big Six” or G6. The summit became known as the G7 or G7 the following year due to the addition of Canada.
The Group of Seven (G7) consists of 7 of the most developed and wealthy countries on Earth and remains active despite the creation of the Group of Eight or G8 in 1998. In 1998, Russia was added to the group of most developed countries, which then became known as the Big Eight (G8). The European Union is represented in the G8, but cannot host or chair summits.
The term "Great Eight" (G8) may refer to the member states collectively or to the annual summit of heads of government of the G8. The first term, G6, is now often applied to the six most populous countries within the European Union. G8 ministers also meet throughout the year, for example G7/G8 finance ministers meet four times a year, and G8 foreign ministers or G8 environment ministers also meet.
Collectively, the G8 countries produce 50.1% of global nominal GDP (2012 data) and 40.9% of global GDP (PPP). Each calendar year, responsibility for organizing the G8 summit and chairmanship is transferred among member states in the following order: France, USA, UK, Russia, Germany, Japan, Italy and Canada. The country chair sets the agenda, hosts the current year's summit, and determines which ministerial meetings will take place. Recently, France and the UK have expressed a desire to expand the group to include five developing countries, referred to as the Outreach Five (O5) or plus five: Brazil (the 7th country in the world by nominal GDP), the People's Republic of China or China (2nd country in the world by GDP), India (9th country in the world by GDP), Mexico and South Africa (SA). These countries have attended as guests at previous summits, sometimes called the G8+5.
With the emergence of the G20, a group of twenty of the world's largest economies, in 2008 at a summit in Washington, G8 leaders announced that at their next summit on September 25, 2009 in Pittsburgh, the G20 would replace the G8 as the main economic council of the wealthy countries
One of the main areas of activity in the G8 on a global scale since 2009 has been the world food supply. At the L'Aquila summit in 2009, G8 members pledged to contribute $20 billion in food aid to poor countries over three years. However, since then only 22% of the promised funds have been allocated. At the 2012 summit, US President Barack Obama asked G8 leaders to adopt policies that would privatize global investment in food production and supply.
History of the Big Eight (G8)
The concept of a forum for the world's leading industrialized democracies emerged before the 1973 oil crisis. On Sunday 25 March 1973, Treasury Secretary George Shultz convened an informal meeting of the finance ministers from West Germany (West Germany Helmut Schmidt), France Valéry Giscard d'Estaing) and Great Britain (Anthony Barber) ahead of the upcoming meeting in Washington.
When launching former President Nixon's idea, he noted that it would be better to do it out of town and suggested using the White House; the meeting was subsequently held in the library on the first floor. Taking their name from the area, this original group of four became known as the "Library Group". In mid-1973, at meetings of the World Bank and IMF, Shultz proposed adding Japan to the original four nations, and everyone agreed. An informal gathering of senior financial officials from the US, UK, West Germany, Japan and France became known as "The Five".
The year following the formation of the Five was one of the most turbulent of the post-World War II era, and heads of state and government in a dozen industrialized countries lost their posts due to illness or scandal. Elections were held twice in the UK, three German Chancellors, three French Presidents, three Japanese and Italian Prime Ministers, two US Presidents and Canadian Prime Minister Trudeau were replaced and forced to go to early elections. Of the members of the “five,” all were new to further work, with the exception of Prime Minister Trudeau.
When 1975 began, Schmidt and Giscard were now heads of state in West Germany and France respectively, and since they both spoke fluent English, they, British Prime Minister Harold Wilson and US President Gerald Ford could meet in an informal retreat and discuss the election results. In the late spring of 1975, President Giscard invited the heads of government of West Germany, Italy, Japan, Great Britain and the United States to a summit at the Château de Rambouillet; an annual meeting of the six leaders was organized under his chairmanship and the Group of Six (G6) was formed. The following year, with Wilson as British Prime Minister, Schmidt and Ford, it was felt that a native English speaker with more experience was needed, so Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau was invited to join the group, and the group became known as the G7. (G7). The European Union was represented by the President of the European Commission and the leader of the country that holds the presidency of the Council of the European Union. The President of the European Commission has attended every meeting since he was first invited by the UK in 1977 and the President of the Council now also regularly attends meetings.
After the 1994 G7 summit in Naples, Russian officials held separate meetings with G7 leaders after the group's summit meetings. This informal arrangement was called the "Political Eight" (P8) - or, colloquially, the G7+1. At the invitation of British Prime Minister Tony Blair and US President Bill Clinton, President Boris Yeltsin was invited first as a guest and observer, and then as a full participant. The invitation was seen as a way to reward Yeltsin for his capitalist reforms. Russia officially joined the group in 1998, creating the Group of Eight, or G8.
Structure and activities of the Big Eight (G8)
According to the draft, the G8 deliberately does not have an administrative structure like international organizations such as the UN or the World Bank. The group does not have a permanent secretariat or offices for its members.
The chairmanship of the group rotates annually among member countries, with each new chairman taking office on 1 January. The Presidency is responsible for planning and holds a series of ministerial meetings leading to a mid-year summit with heads of government. The President of the European Commission participates on equal terms in all events at the highest level.
Ministerial Meetings bring together ministers responsible for various portfolios to discuss issues of mutual interest or concern on a global scale. Issues discussed include healthcare, law enforcement, labor market prospects, economic and social development, energy, environmental protection, foreign affairs, justice and home affairs, terrorism and trade. There is also a separate set of meetings known as the G8+5, created at the 2005 summit at Gleneagles in Scotland, which brings together finance ministers and energy ministers from all eight member countries in addition to the five countries that are also known as the P5 - Brazil, People's Republic of China, India, Mexico and South Africa.
In June 2005, the justice and interior ministers of the G8 countries agreed to create an international database of pedophiles. G8 officials also agreed to merge terrorism databases, subject to privacy restrictions and security laws in individual countries.
Characteristics of G8 countries (as of 2014)
Countries | Population, million people | Size of real GDP, billion US dollars | GDP per capita, thousand US dollars | Inflation, % | Unemployment rate, % | Trade balance, billion US dollars |
Great Britain | 63.7 | 2848.0 | 44.7 | 1.5 | 6.2 | -199.6 |
Germany | 81.0 | 3820.0 | 47.2 | 0.8 | 5.0 | 304.0 |
Global Energy and the Big Eight (G8)At Heiligendamm in 2007, the G8 accepted the EU proposal as a worldwide initiative for energy efficiency. They agreed to study, together with the International Energy Agency, the most effective means to improve energy efficiency at the international level. A year later, on June 8, 2008, in Aomori, Japan, at a meeting of energy ministers organized by the then Japanese Presidency, the G8 countries, along with China, India, South Korea and the European Community, created the International Partnership for Cooperation in Energy Efficiency. The G8 Finance Ministers, in preparation for the 34th G8 Heads of State and Government Meeting in Toyako, Hokkaido, met on 13 and 14 June 2008 in Osaka, Japan. They agreed on the G8 Climate Action Plan to enhance the participation of private and public financial institutions. Finally, ministers supported the formation of the World Bank's new Climate Investment Fund (CIFS), which will assist existing efforts until the new UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) framework is fully implemented after 2012. |