What seas do we have? How many seas are there in the world
What are the names of the seas of our planet and where are they located:
Below is a complete description of the seas with the name and table of the largest seas by area and depth.
All about the seas of our planet:
According to the degree of isolation and characteristics of the hydrological regime, the seas are divided into 3 groups: internal seas (Mediterranean seas and semi-enclosed seas), marginal seas and interisland seas. Based on their geographical location, the Mediterranean seas are sometimes divided into intercontinental seas and inland seas.
From a geological point of view, modern seas are young formations. In outlines close to modern ones, they were all determined in the Paleogene-Neogene time, and finally took shape in the Anthropocene. The deepest seas (for example, the Mediterranean Sea) are formed in places of large faults in the earth's crust, and shallow seas arose when the marginal parts of continents were flooded by the waters of the World Ocean and are usually located on continental shallows
Classification by ocean
The division of the World Ocean into separate oceans was carried out by the International Hydrological Organization (IHO) in 1953 (with subsequent changes)
There are 63 seas in the world (not counting the Caspian, Aral, as well as the Dead and Galilee seas) - of which 25 are in the Pacific, 16 in the Atlantic, 11 in the Indian and 11 in the Arctic Ocean. Traditionally, due to their large size, seas include the Caspian and Aral seas-lake, which are the remnants of the ancient Tethys Ocean. In addition, the names of the Dead Sea and the Sea of Galilee have historically developed.
There are different classifications of seas.
Seas included in the oceans (seas across oceans)
Pacific Ocean
· Sea of Aki
· Sea Bali
· Sea Banda
· Bering Sea
· Visayan Sea
· Inland Sea of Japan
· East China Sea
· Yellow Sea
· Camotes Sea
· Coral sea
· Koro Sea
New Guinea Sea
Mindanao Sea
· Molucca Sea
Sea of Okhotsk
· Sea of Savu
· Sea Samar
Sea Seram
· Sibuyan Sea
· Solomon Sea
· Sulawesi Sea
· Sulu Sea
· Tasman Sea
Sea of Tuvalu
· Fiji Sea
· Philippine Sea (the largest and deepest sea on Earth)
Sea Flores
· Halmahera Sea
· South China Sea
Java Sea
· Japanese Sea
Atlantic Ocean
Sea of Azov
· Baltic Sea
Sea of Hebrides
· Irish sea
· Caribbean Sea
· Celtic Sea
· Irminger Sea
Sea Labrador
Sea of Marmara
· Sargasso Sea
· North Sea
· Wadden Sea
· Mediterranean Sea
Adriatic Sea
· Alboran
Balearic Sea
· Ionian Sea
· Cyprus Sea
· Cilician Sea
Levantine Sea
Ligurian Sea
Tyrrhenian Sea
· Aegean Sea
· Icarian Sea
· Cretan Sea
Myrtois Sea
· Thracian Sea
· Black Sea
Indian Ocean
· Andaman Sea
· Arabian Sea
Arafura Sea
· Red sea
· Laccadive Sea
Timor Sea
Arctic Ocean
Boundary of the White and Barents Seas
· Barencevo sea
Pechora Sea
· Baffin Sea
· White Sea
· Beaufort Sea
· Vandel Sea
· East-Siberian Sea
· Greenland Sea
· Prince Gustav Adolf Sea
· Sea of Crown Prince Gustav
· Kara Sea
· Laptev sea
· Lincoln Sea
Norwegian Sea
Chukchi Sea
South ocean
Island in the Ross Sea
· Amundsen Sea
· Ross Sea
· Weddell Sea
· Sea of Scotia
· Lazarev Sea
· Davis Sea
· Bellingshausen Sea
· Mawson Sea
Rieser-Larsen Sea
· Commonwealth Sea
· Sea of Cosmonauts
· Somov Sea
Sea of D'Urville
Bays, according to hydrological, hydrochemical and other characteristics, related to the seas
Bay of Bengal (Indian Ocean)
· Hudson Bay (Arctic Ocean)
Gulf of Mexico (Atlantic Ocean)
· Persian Gulf (Indian Ocean)
Bay of Biscay (Atlantic Ocean)
Classification by degree of isolation from the ocean
Seas are distinguished according to the degree of isolation internal, peripheral, intercontinental and interisland.
Inland seas- seas, mostly closed from communication with the ocean, which have limited (compared to marginal seas) water exchange with the World Ocean. In such seas, the depth of the strait connecting them to the ocean is small, which limits deep-sea currents that lead to the mixing of deep waters. Examples of such seas are the Mediterranean and Baltic seas.
Depending on the number of continents whose seashores wash, inland seas are divided into intercontinental(Mediterranean and Red Seas) and inland(Yellow and Black Seas).
Depending on the connection with other seas or the World Ocean, inland seas are divided into isolated(closed) (Dead Sea, Aral Sea) and semi-insulated(semi-closed) (Baltic, Azov seas). In fact, isolated seas are lakes.
marginal seas- these are seas that are characterized by free communication with the ocean and, in some cases, separated from them by a chain of islands or peninsulas. Although the marginal seas lie on the shelf, the nature of bottom sediments, climatic and hydrological regimes, the fauna and flora of these seas are strongly influenced not only by the continent, but also by the ocean. Marginal seas are characterized by ocean currents that arise due to oceanic winds. Seas of this type include, for example, the Bering, Okhotsk, Japanese, East China, South China, and Caribbean seas.
Intercontinental seas(sometimes called Mediterranean seas) are seas that are surrounded on all sides by land and connected to the ocean by one or more straits. These seas include the Mediterranean, Red, and Caribbean.
Interisland seas- seas surrounded by a more or less dense ring of islands, the rise of the relief between which prevents the free exchange of water between these seas and the open part of the ocean.
Most of the interisland seas are found among the islands of the Malay Archipelago. The largest of them: Javanese, Banda, Sulawesi.
Classification by surface water temperature
There is also a classification of seas depending on the temperature of their surface waters (tropical seas, temperate zone seas, polar seas), but it is practically not used.
Classification by water salinity
According to the degree of salinity they distinguish highly salted And lightly salted seas.
Highly salty seas- seas that have a higher salinity than the ocean due to active evaporation, and their water exchange consists of the outflow of saltier sea water into the lower layers, and the influx of fresher water into the surface layers through straits from the ocean. An example of such a sea is the Red Sea.
Lightly salted seas- seas that have less salinity than the ocean due to the fact that the influx of fresh water with river runoff and precipitation is not compensated by evaporation. In this case, water exchange consists of the outflow of less saline sea water into the surface layers and the influx of more saline water into the bottom layers through the straits. In such basins, water exchange with the bottom layers is often insufficient to maintain the oxygen content necessary for the existence of most biological species. An example of such a sea is the Black Sea.
Classification by coastline ruggedness
Distinguish strongly rugged and weakly rugged coastline. It should be noted that, for example, the Sargasso Sea has no coastline at all.
Coastline
The coastline of the seas is characterized by the presence of bays, lagoons, coves, estuaries of flowing rivers, peninsulas, spits, estuaries, beaches or cliffs and other forms of relief.
Bay- this is a part of the sea that extends deeply into the land, but has free water exchange with the main part of the sea. The hydrological and hydrochemical conditions of the bay are identical to the conditions of the sea of which they are part. In some cases, local climate features and continental runoff can give the hydrological characteristics of the surface layer of bays some specific features.
Depending on the topography of the coast and other geographical conditions, bays are divided into several types:
· Bay- a small part of the sea, separated from open waters on three sides by parts of land (shore protrusions, rocks and nearby islands) and protected by them from waves and wind. Most small bays are formed in soft rocky soils or clays washed out by waves. Examples of bays are Sevastopol and Balaklava bays in the Black Sea, Zolotoy Rog Bay in the Sea of Japan. A small bay can be part of a larger bay, such as the Yuzhnaya Bay as part of the Sevastopol Bay.
· Liman- a bay delimited from the sea by a sand spit (bar). More often, an estuary is a flooded part of the section of a river valley closest to the sea (for example, the Dnieper and Dniester estuaries on the Black Sea coast). Distinguish open estuaries(estuarine type) - having constant water exchange with the sea, and closed type(lagoon type) - separated from the sea by a sand spit or bar. The hydrological regime of the estuary is largely influenced by the river that flows into it.
· Lagoon- a shallow part of the sea, separated from it by a bar, spit, or coral reef and often connected to it by a narrow strait. Lagoons differ from other bays in their greater degree of isolation from the sea. Often found inside the atoll (for example, Kiritimati, Kwajalein atolls).
· Estuary- a single-arm, funnel-shaped mouth of a river that flows into the sea. An estuary is formed when the sea floods the mouth of a river, and tidal forces carry sediment out to sea and prevent the estuary from filling up and turning into a delta. This happens when the part of the sea adjacent to the estuary has great depth. The estuary is formed by rivers such as the Amazon (Atlantic Ocean) and Thames (North Sea).
· Fjord- a long, narrow sea bay, often extending far inland. The fjord is formed as a result of the flooding of the former glacier valley by the sea. Many fjords are very deep - they were formed when glaciers crushed valleys with their weight, and then the valleys were flooded by the sea. Typically, the length of a fjord is several times greater than its width. Examples of typical fjords are the fjords of the Norwegian Sea.
· Lip- a common name in northern Russia for a bay that cuts deeply into the land (for example, Nevskaya in the Gulf of Finland, Ob in the Kara Sea).
Strait- a relatively narrow strip of water separating land areas and connecting adjacent water basins or parts thereof (for example, the English Channel, Magellan, Bering Straits).
Island- a piece of land (often of natural origin), surrounded on all sides by water and constantly rising above the water even during the highest tide (for example, Greenland, Madagascar). They differ from continents in their small size, for example Greenland is three times smaller than the smallest continent of Australia ( islands-mainland). They vary in origin, shape and type (for example, coral island).
· Atoll- is a rise on the ocean floor, usually conical in shape, formed by an extinct volcano, crowned with a coral superstructure that forms a reef with a group of islets (motu), separated by straits that connect the ocean with the lagoon. If there are no straits, then the land is closed in a continuous ring, and the water in the lagoon may differ in composition from the surrounding ocean.
· Archipelago- a group of closely located islands having a similar geological structure.
· Skerries- (from Nor. sker - rock in the sea) - an archipelago consisting of small rocky islands, separated by narrow straits and covering a significant part of the coastal sea strip, bordering fjord-type shores. Each of these islands is individually called " skerry" As a rule, skerries are suitable for navigation, but the passage of ships in them requires certain skills and is fraught with many dangers. During the Great Patriotic War, torpedo boats of the Baltic Fleet successfully fought against the invaders, using skerries for cover.
· artificial island- a separate group of islands created by man (for example, Kansai Airport in the middle of Osaka Bay in Japan and the elite Palm Jumeirah beach, created off the coast of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates).
Scythe- a low alluvial strip of land on the shore of a sea or lake, connected at one end to the shore. It is formed as a result of the movement of debris along the coast by waves. It is composed of sediment (sediment) of bulk materials moved by currents: sand, pebbles, gravel, shells. The spit, formed as a result of the simultaneous entry of sediment from both sides, protrudes into the open sea almost perpendicular to the shore and is called arrow. Can be created artificially.
Cape- a piece of land that cuts into the sea. Can be formed by either sediment or sediment. Capes, as a rule, owe their existence to erosion processes. A prerequisite for the appearance of a cape is the presence of both soft and hard rocks on the coastline. Soft rocks, such as sand, are destroyed by waves much faster than hard rocks. As a result, a cape is formed (for example, Horn, Good Hope).
Peninsula- a part of the continent that protrudes far into the sea and is washed on three sides by water and is often geologically integral with the mainland (for example, the Iberian Peninsula or the Scandinavian Peninsula).
Mainland- a large area of land, often washed on all sides by seas or oceans (for example, Eurasia is separated from Africa by the Suez Canal, and the two Americas are separated by the Panama Canal).
Today there are 81 seas.
All seas are divided according to their location in the following directions: Atlantic, Pacific, inland seas and seas, with the Southern Ocean, North and Indian Ocean.
Types of seas
Traditionally, seas are usually divided into four groups:
- interisland,
- semi-closed,
- outlying,
- internal.
Inland seas are found "within" continents, but may have a connection to the ocean or other adjacent sea. Such seas are subject to great influence from land; the water level in them may be variable. These seas include: the Dead Sea, the Aral Sea and the Caspian Sea.
Some scientists and researchers consider the coastal sea to be a sea, and therefore they do not include inland seas and inter-island seas in the general list.
Marginal seas are located on the edge of the land and have direct access to the ocean, but semi-enclosed seas are fenced by the mainland, but partially.
Interisland seas, based on the basis of their name, are located between different islands. The interisland seas include the following: Fiji, Java and New Guinea Seas.
Lack of seas
Compared to areas of land and land in general, the area of seas on the planet is small. There are even seas of garbage, which, due to the large amount of waste, turn into a floating garbage dump, polluting the world's oceans. Such seas of plastic and other waste have been observed in the waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
It is worth mentioning the disappearing seas. For example, the huge Aral Sea, due to the influence of human economic activity, began to disappear, the water seemed to evaporate. And all this happened due to water intake from other rivers, so fresh water stopped flowing into the Aral Sea. As a result, all the fauna that lived in this once huge sea simply disappeared, the climate of the area changed: where previously gardens bloomed and breezes blew, today there are only deserted dunes and the skeletons of ships that have rotted over time. This is a terrible tragedy of the region, which has not gone unnoticed in the world. Attempts were made to artificially resurrect the sea, but they were in vain. After more than half a century, it became obvious that only natural forces can restore the original balance of water and land; today the sea is slowly coming back to life.
The issue of the environmental situation and the issue of preserving water resources is becoming more acute every year: scientists suggest that climate change and the active expansion of man into the natural elements will wipe out more than one sea from the face of the planet, and a war between nations is not far off, not for territory, but for fresh and salt water.
How many oceans are there on Earth? I think even fifth-graders will immediately answer: four - and list: Atlantic, Indian, Pacific and Arctic. All?
But it turns out that the four oceans are already outdated information. Today scientists are adding a fifth to them - the Southern, or Antarctic, Ocean.
Check out this wonderful and good article:
However, the number of oceans and especially their boundaries are still a matter of debate. In 1845, the London Geographical Society decided to count five oceans on Earth: Atlantic, Arctic, Indian, Quiet, Northern And Southern, or Antarctic. This division was confirmed by the International Hydrographic Office. But even later, for a long time, some scientists continued to believe that there are only four “real” oceans on Earth: Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and Northern, or Arctic Ocean. (In 1935, the Soviet government approved the traditional Russian name for the Arctic Ocean - .)
So how many oceans are there really on our planet? The answer may be unexpected: on Earth there is a single World Ocean, which people, for their convenience (primarily navigation), have divided into parts. Who will confidently draw the line where the waves of one ocean end and the waves of another begin?..
We found out what oceans are. What do we call seas and how many of them are there on Earth?? After all, the first acquaintances with the water element began on the shores of the seas.
Experts call seas “parts of the World Ocean that are separated from the open ocean by mountains or simply land.” At the same time, marine regions, as a rule, differ from the oceans in meteorological conditions, that is, weather, and even climate. Oceanologists distinguish between internal seas, closed by land, and external seas, as parts of the open ocean. There are seas without shores at all, just stretches of ocean. For example, the waters between the islands.
How many seas are there on Earth? Ancient geographers believed that there were only seven seas-oceans in the world. Today, the International Hydrographic Office lists 54 seas on Earth. But this figure is not very accurate, because some seas not only do not have shores, but are also located inside other water basins, and their names remained either due to historical habit or for the convenience of navigation.
Ancient civilizations developed along the banks of rivers, and rivers (I mean large water streams) flow into seas and oceans. So from the very beginning people had to become familiar with the water element. Moreover, every great civilization of the past had its own sea. The Chinese have their own (later it turned out that this is part of). The ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans had their own - the Mediterranean Sea. The Indians and Arabs have the shores of the Indian Ocean, the waters of which each people called in their own way. There were other centers of civilizations and other main seas in the world.
In ancient times, people did not know much about the world around them and therefore they attributed special mystical meanings to many unknown things. So, even in those days when even great thinkers did not know and there were no geographical maps of the world, it was believed that there were seven seas on Earth. The number seven, according to the ancestors, was sacred. The ancient Egyptians had 7 planets in the sky. 7 days of the week, 7 years - cycle of calendar years. Among the Greeks, the number 7 was dedicated to Apollo: on the seventh day before the new moon, a sacrifice was made to him.
According to the Bible, the world was created by God in 7 days. Pharaoh dreamed of 7 fat and 7 skinny cows. Seven is found as the number of evil (7 devils). In the Middle Ages, many nations knew the story of the seven wise men.
In the ancient world, there were considered seven wonders of the world: the Egyptian pyramids, the hanging gardens of the Babylonian queen Semiramis, the lighthouse in Atexandria (III century BC), the Colossus of Rhodes, the statue of Olympian Zeus created by the great sculptor Phidias, the Ephesian temple of the goddess Artemis and the mausoleum at Hapicarnassus.
How could one manage without the sacred number in geography: were there seven hills, seven lakes, seven islands and seven seas?
We won't list everything. As a European resident (and I live in the city of St. Petersburg), I will only tell you about the main historical sea of European civilization -.
All the water in the world is called the World Ocean. The sea is a part of the world's oceans, a huge salty body of water, which is separated by land or conventionally elevated underwater terrain. Each sea has a different climatic and hydrological regime and has its own flora and fauna.
Modern science uses several classifications of seas:
- By isolation. There are intercontinental and interisland, marginal and inland seas,
- According to temperature conditions. There are polar, temperate and tropical
- According to water salinity. The seas are divided into slightly and highly salted,
- Along the rugged coastline. There are weakly and strongly indented coastlines. This classification is very conditional, since some seas have no coastline at all, for example, Sargasso,
- Oceanic. There are 4 oceans in the world - the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Arctic (although recently many geographers have separately identified South ocean). Each sea is conventionally classified as a basin of one of the oceans.
How many seas are there in the world?
So, how many seas are there in the world? It is not easy to answer this question, since science has identified several classifications. Besides Caspian, Aral, Galilean, Dead Many people know them as seas, but they are actually classified as lakes. There are also some bays that would be more logical to classify as seas. Small seas, which are part of large ones, are also often not taken into account. For example, Mediterranean Sea consists of 7 inland reservoirs, you can sail on a ship from one reservoir to another without obstacles, but at the same time remain on the territory of the Mediterranean Sea.
In total, there are 94 seas on Earth..
How many oceans and seas are there on Earth - all the most interesting things about our planet
- Atlantic Ocean belongs to 32 seas, for example, Marmara, North, Aegean, Baltic.
- Pacific Ocean– 30 seas, such as the Yellow, Bering, Japanese, Okhotsk
- Arctic Ocean basins belongs to 13 seas, such as Kara, Barents, White, Chukotka
- South ocean also has 13 seas, for example, Cosmonauts, Ross, Lazarev. The Indian Ocean has 6 seas, among which the Red Sea is considered the largest.
- Indian Ocean- 6 seas, among them the Red Sea is considered the largest.
Important! Today, the International Geographical Society has decided to distinguish 54 seas, without taking into account bays and inland seas.
The Mediterranean Sea is considered the dirtiest, as at least 500 tons of various petroleum products enter it annually. Moreover, a great danger to the flora and fauna of the Mediterranean Sea is posed by plastic waste that has literally filled the coastal areas.
The most dangerous sea is considered to be the Sea of Marmara, which is located on the border of Asia and Europe and serves as a connection between the Aegean and Black Seas. The Sea of Marmara was formed by a fault that was subsequently filled with water; it is sometimes more than 1,300 meters deep. Danger comes from frequent earthquakes and tsunamis. It is believed that this sea has been disturbed by earthquakes at least 300 times.
Video
Oceans and seas
Oceans of the Earth
The largest accumulation of water on the surface of the Earth is World Ocean. Continents and islands divide it into separate oceans, straits and bays. Constant sea currents bind it into a single whole, but each part has its own characteristics. The World Ocean is usually divided into four oceans: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Arctic. On some maps, another ocean is marked - the Southern Ocean, washing Antarctica. However, many scientists rightly refuse to acknowledge its separate existence.
Red sea
Compared to the continents, the size of the ocean is enormous. Our planet should be called the Ocean, and not the earth, since only one Pacific Ocean greater than the total land area. In the Northern Hemisphere of the planet, more than 60% of the surface is occupied by water, in the Southern Hemisphere - more than 80%. The largest ocean is the Pacific. It was once called the Great: its area is equal to the area of all other oceans - 180 million km2. It is also the deepest - the average depth is 4280 m. The name of this ocean was given by Magellan, who during 99 days of sailing in it never encountered a storm. But in fact, the Pacific Ocean has a very “hot-tempered” temperament. The second largest ocean on the planet - Atlantic. The word “Atlantic” came to us from ancient times and literally means “the sea beyond the Atlas Mountains.” Arab sailors once called this ocean the Sea of Darkness. Like a wide strait, the Atlantic Ocean connects the northern and southern polar waters of the Earth. Indian Ocean twice the size of the Quiet. It is the warmest ocean on Earth because most of it is located in the tropics and there are almost no cold currents. The smallest and shallowest ocean - Arctic. In winter, it is almost completely covered with ice; the Earth's North Pole is located in its waters.
Seas- these are parts of the oceans separated from them by land or underwater elevations. They are peripheral, inter-island and internal. The marginal seas seem to be adjacent to the mainland and are separated from the ocean by coastal protrusions or island arcs. Inland seas are surrounded on all sides by land and connected to the ocean by straits. The Caspian and Aral seas are a special case: they are isolated from the ocean, and therefore geographers consider them lakes, but the water and inhabitants in them are marine.
How many seas are there on Earth? What are the names of all the seas in the world?
The Red Sea, formed by the waters of the Indian Ocean, is in fact also an ocean, only a small one. Now it is expanding by 1 cm per year. If this speed continues, then in 200–300 million years the Red Sea will be equal in width to the Atlantic Ocean.
Ancient geographers called the Ocean the greatest river, which, according to the ideas of those times, encircled all lands and seas.
Is the size of the world's oceans constant?
Many people know that initially the ocean covered almost our entire planet and occupied an area of hundreds of millions of square kilometers. Modern seas and oceans were formed approximately 200 million years ago, and since then the water element has accounted for 29 percent of the entire surface of the Earth.
However, scientists know that the size of the world's oceans is now increasing very slowly. The reason is global warming, which is causing the glaciers of Antarctica and Greenland to melt. There is more water in the oceans, and it is advancing on land. But no catastrophe should be expected: most scientists agree that warming on the planet is being replaced by cooling.
The Red Sea is an inland sea of the Indian Ocean.
List of seas
It is located between Africa and Asia and borders several countries: Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Israel and Jordan. You can swim in it at any time of the year, because it is the warmest sea in the world.
In winter, the water temperature does not drop below +20 degrees, and in summer it remains stable at +27.
Red Sea climate
The Red Sea coast has a desert climate, only its north can be classified as Mediterranean. It’s always warm here: in summer the water resembles fresh milk, you don’t need to be timid about going into the water partially and waiting until you warm up.
In winter, this is a great place to bask in the warm sun and enjoy the sea.
Peculiarities
The water in the Red Sea is crystal clear. And all due to the fact that not a single river flows into it. Even during sea cruises you can see the extraordinary coral bottom and tiny fish.
The Red Sea is the saltiest in the world. One liter contains 41 grams of salts (for comparison, in the Baltic Sea there are only 5).
Nature of the Red Sea
By the number of marine inhabitants. The richness of flora and fauna of the Red Sea has no equal. Coral reefs can be seen not only during scuba diving, but even while standing on the pier of the hotel beach.
Coral reefs (more than 150 species live in the waters of the Red Sea) stretch along the entire coast. Corals amaze with their unusual shapes and colors and their tiny inhabitants - colorful fish.
The coast of Egypt is very popular among tourists. It's not a long flight to get here, holidays are inexpensive and unpretentious, there are many good beaches. Actually, the Red Sea is the main beach attraction of the Egyptian coast. Of course, the coastal ecology is suffering greatly due to the massive construction boom and the dominance of tourists. The coast of Sudan is considered to be the best for exploring the sea day. The sea in this part has been preserved almost in its original form, its ecosystem is practically untouched. But due to the current unrest in the country, it is not yet possible to visit the sea.
Sea on the map
Introduction
Colored seas
1. Sea – part of the ocean
2. The sea in the works of writers and artists
3. Black Sea
4. White Sea
5. Red Sea
6. Yellow Sea
7. Sargasso Sea
Conclusion
Literature
Applications
INTRODUCTION
At the beginning of the 3rd quarter of geography, we studied the topic of the sea, I really liked it, so I decided to do a project on it. I wanted to know more about the seas: What is the sea? What are they? Where are they?... From childhood fairy tales, I remember that the sea is blue
The stars shine in the blue sea,
The waves are lashing in the blue sea...
If you look at the world map, not a single sea is called blue. But there is the Black Sea, the White Sea, the Yellow Sea, and even the Red Sea. But ask the sailors: “What color is sea water?” They will say with one voice:
“And in the Black Sea it’s blue, and in the Red Sea it’s blue...”
What interested me most was the topic “Colored Seas”: why are they called that? Who came up with their names? Who lives in them? And finally, is it true that they are colored: yellow, red, black..?
Therefore, I decided to take the geography topic “Colored Seas”; I decided to learn more about the seas than what is studied in the school curriculum!
COLORED SEAS
1.Sea – part of the ocean
The sea is a part of the World Ocean, separated by land or elevated underwater terrain (slide 2.3). Some seas are part of another sea (for example, the Aegean Sea is part of the Mediterranean).
List of seas - all the seas of the world in alphabetical order
The term is also used to name very large lakes with bitterly salty water that have no natural drainage.
It is impossible to say exactly how the seas arose, but scientists believe that the oceans and seas were formed from huge clouds of water vapor rising from volcanoes and mountains, shortly after the appearance of the planet. When the surface of the Earth cooled, the steam turned into rain, which poured and poured, filling depressions in the earth and mixing with mineral salts... This is how oceans and seas appeared.
When the ocean appeared on Earth, the water in it was hot, almost boiling water, and sour, like lemon juice! The sea consists of salt water, which contains all the chemical elements known on Earth - more than a hundred in total! If you dissolve a teaspoon of regular salt in a glass of water, the water will become as salty as the sea. There is so much salt in the oceans and seas that if you cover the earth with it, you will get a layer 153 m thick. Sodium and chlorine - the main components of table salt - make up 85% of the salts dissolved in sea water. In addition to them, sea water contains calcium, magnesium and even a little arsenic and gold!
There are two types of seas: marginal and internal. A marginal sea is a sea adjacent to the mainland, weakly separated from the ocean by peninsulas or islands. Marginal seas mainly include seas located on the shelf and continental slope, rarely including deep-sea areas in their territory. Inland seas are seas that extend deep into the land and communicate with the ocean or adjacent sea by one or more straits. The most famous example of an inland sea is the Mediterranean Sea.
2. The sea in the works of writers and artists
The Black Sea became a source of inspiration for the famous Russian marine painter Ivan Aivazovsky. Storms and quiet surfaces, beaches, rocks, secluded bays on the shores of the Black Sea became the basis for thousands of the painter’s works. In Feodosia there is an art gallery by I.K. Aivazovsky.
The favorable climate and numerous sunny days made the Black Sea a real paradise for filmmakers of the former USSR. Many films that went down in the history of Soviet cinema were shot at the Odessa Film Studio, Yalta Film Studio, and other film companies. Among the thousands of films in which the nature of the Black Sea was used are such film hits as “Scarlet Sails”, “Amphibian Man”, “The Diamond Arm”, “Ivan Vasilyevich Changes Profession”, “Assa” and many others (slide 4,5).
3. Black Sea
The Black Sea is an inland sea of the Atlantic Ocean. The shores of the Black Sea are slightly indented, mainly in its northern part. The only large peninsula is Crimean. A characteristic feature of the Black Sea is the complete absence of life at depths above 150-200 m due to the saturation of deep layers of water with hydrogen sulfide. The flora of the sea includes 270 species of multicellular green, brown, and red bottom algae. The Black Sea coast and the river basins flowing into it are areas with high anthropogenic impact, densely populated by people since ancient times. The ecological state of the Black Sea is generally unfavorable. From the most ancient Iranian texts it is clear that the sea was called "akhshaina", which means "dark, opaque, black." And then this name was forgotten for several hundred years. To reappear? It only means that this name was the most accurate and correct, since after time they returned to it (is the first word more expensive than the second?). The Black Sea is beautiful, gentle, blue.
But it doesn’t always happen this way, even in summer. And in winter! As cold winds begin to blow, as lead-gray giant waves begin to walk across the wide expanse of the sea, it will frown and darken. The name - Black, “severe”, “formidable”, “dangerous” justifies itself (slide 6,7).
4. White Sea
The White Sea is a marginal sea in the north of the European part of Russia, belongs to the Arctic Ocean. Among the seas washing Russia, the White Sea is one of the smallest. The rivers Northern Dvina, Onega, Mezen and many others flow into the White Sea. Main ports: Arkhangelsk, Severodvinsk, Onega, Belomorsk, Kandalaksha, Kem, Mezen.
The White Sea is the sacred sea of the North; it is fraught with many unsolved secrets. The White Sea probably got its name from the color of the white snow and ice that covers it in winter. Every winter, the White Sea is covered with floating ice, which completely disappears in the spring, but sometimes the sea is completely cleared only in mid-June.
The ice of the White Sea is 90% floating. The salinity of the White Sea is slightly lower than the average salinity of the ocean.
But there is another assumption, which is that the name “White” Sea received from the religious meaning of the sphere, that is, the heavenly one. After all, in semantics, white is a heavenly, divine color. There is a hypothesis that the White Sea and its coast are located on the territory of a once thriving mystical civilization - Hyperborea (slide 8, 9).
5. Red Sea
The Red Sea is an inland sea of the Indian Ocean located between the Arabian Peninsula and Africa in a tectonic basin. One of the warmest and saltiest seas. Salinity - 40-60 g/l.
The peculiarity of the Red Sea is that not a single river flows into it, and rivers usually carry silt and sand with them, significantly reducing the transparency of sea water. Therefore, the water in the Red Sea is crystal clear. The period (December-January) during the day is 20-25 degrees, and in the hottest month - August, it does not exceed 35-40 degrees. Thanks to the hot climate off the coast of Egypt, the water temperature does not drop below +20 degrees even in winter, and reaches +27 in summer.
The water in the Red Sea is surprisingly clear and not a bit red.
Even from a boat you can see how deep, deep, at the very bottom, the corals grow. Many of them are bright red. Most likely, the sea got its name from them. True, some believe that the coastal cliffs are to blame for everything. They are also red. Red algae also grows in the Red Sea (slide 10, 11).
6. Yellow Sea
The Yellow Sea is a semi-enclosed marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean off the eastern coast of Asia west of the Korean Peninsula.
It washes the shores of China and the Republic of Korea. Water salinity ranges from 24 to 36. The Yellow Sea is rich in biological resources; industrial fishing for cod, herring, sea bream, oysters and mussels is carried out here.
It is named after the yellow color of the water caused by sediment from the rivers of China and dust blown by the wind. The Yellow Sea is indeed yellow, but not everywhere, but only where the wide Yellow River - the Yellow River - flows into it. The Yellow River carries so much turbidity into the sea that the sea for tens of kilometers becomes cloudy yellow (slide 12, 13).
7. Sargasso Sea
Is the Sargasso Sea a sea “without shores”? Why? It turns out that this is an area of an anticyclonic water circulation limited by currents: in the west - the Gulf Stream, in the north - the North Atlantic, in the east - the Canary, in the south - the North Trade Wind. Large accumulations of floating brown algae - sargassum; within the sea, its reserve is estimated at 4-11 million tons. Their abundance is associated with the presence of a zone of convergence of surface currents in the Sargasso Sea. Numerous and varied animals live, some free-swimming (mackerel, flying fish, pipefish, crabs, sea turtles, etc.), some attached to algae (anemones, bryozoans, etc.). Although the Sargasso Sea is widely known as a sea without shores, it is even more interesting as the start and end point of the extraordinary journey undertaken by the European eel. The Sargasso Sea is the spawning ground for the eel, whose life cycle is so amazing that it was not truly understood until the early 20th century.
Adult eels usually live in freshwater bodies of Europe, where they can remain for years, feeding, growing and creating a fat reserve. The desire to reproduce occurs in the fall in males who have reached 40 cm in length, and in females who have reached 60 cm in length. Their appearance begins to transform: the yellow color gives way to black, and their eyes become significantly larger. Moving mainly at night, they begin to descend along streams and rivers. The desire to return to the sea can be so great that, finding themselves in a lake without access to the sea, they climb out of the water and cross wet meadows in search of a water stream that will lead them to salt water. Having reached the sea, the eels swim approximately in a south-westerly direction at a depth of 60m until they reach the edge of the continental shelf, where they dive to approximately 430m. It takes them about 80 days to cover a distance of 5630 km. Having reached the Sargasso Sea, they go to a depth of 1220m, where they spawn and then die.
- semi-closed seas, that is, separated from the ocean by a continent,
- inland seas, located, as a rule, far inland and connected with the oceans by one or two straits,
- marginal seas, located on the edge of land near the ocean,
- interisland seas separated from each other by islands.
In fact, there are quite a large number of seas on planet Earth, and at this point in time there is no exact figure, this is due to the fact that all seas are divided into unique categories, namely:
But as for the oceans, there are five of them on our planet, these are:
1) The Pacific Ocean, which is the largest
2) Southern Ocean
3) Atlantic Ocean
4) Indian Ocean
5) Arctic Ocean
Everyone knows that there are 5 oceans on planet Earth. Pacific Ocean (the largest), Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Southern Ocean. But it would take a very long time to list all the seas because there are 81 of them.
More and more often they began to say that there are not 4 oceans on Earth, but 5 - the Southern Ocean was added to all the known four, but regarding the seas, according to various sources, you can see that they range in number from 40 to 100, since the concept of sea can be interpreted differently, but still the most correct answer would be 81, most of which (as many as 29) belong to the Pacific Ocean, which, of course, is not surprising.
As for the oceans, everything here is quite transparent. There are only 5 oceans on the planet - Pacific, Southern, Indian, Atlantic and Arctic. As for the seas, here everything is much more complicated. No one can give an exact answer to this question now. Their number on earth varies from 50 to 100. In order to somehow answer this question, I will give a link where the seas are divided into oceans:
How many seas are there on Earth?
Only the seas belonging to the Southern Ocean are not there yet, because its boundaries were determined only 13 years ago. But still, most people who study this issue tend to claim that there are about 80 seas on Earth.
There are 5 oceans on Earth:
Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic and Southern (more recently, it seems since 2001, its borders are defined at 60 parallels of southern latitude).
As well as 53 seas and 9 large bays, which in some sources are considered seas.
There are a lot of seas on our Earth, but at the moment there are five oceans - Pacific, Indian, Southern, Atlantic and Arctic. And there are only about eighty seas; it is difficult to name the exact number, since many scientists cannot determine whether many seas are exactly seas by definition.
As far as I know, there are currently 63 seas on our planet, which does not include the Caspian Sea, the Aral Sea, the Dead Sea, and the Sea of Galilee. In addition, now all these 63 seas are included in the water basins of five oceans, namely the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Arctic Ocean, and the Southern Ocean.
There are only 4 oceans - the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Arctic. This division is conditional, since there are no clear boundaries between the oceans.
In total, 59 water basins of the pestilent ocean are called seas.
The Pacific Ocean basin includes 18 seas and the Gulf of Alaska. The largest of them are Philippine and Coral.
The Atlantic Ocean includes 9 seas and 4 more bays. The largest by area (in descending order): Sargasso Sea, Wedell Sea, Caribbean Sea.
The Indian Ocean includes 6 seas and 3 more bays. The Arabian Sea is considered the largest, with an area of about 4.6 million square kilometers.
The Arctic Ocean includes 10 seas plus Hudson Bay. The Barents Sea is the largest sea that is part of the Arctic Ocean.
The Philippine Sea is considered the largest sea on planet Earth.
There are only five oceans on our planet, namely the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Arctic Ocean, the Southern Ocean and the last Indian Ocean. But as we know, scientists cannot determine the exact number of seas.
There are a total of 5 oceans on our planet - the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, Indian and so far unofficially - the Southern, which includes the waters of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans and which wash Antarctica.
But as for the seas, it is very difficult to count them, even if you have a world map at hand. But if you look at this list (a little lower), then it is much easier to count them and even if you wish (if you enter the name on the Internet) find each sea separately on the map.
List of all the seas of the world in alphabetical order:
I personally counted this list several times and counted 80 seas.