Which seas are the saltiest? The saltiest seas in the world. Causes of increased salinity
- The child speaks fluently in sentences and understands the meaning of what is said.
- The child distinguishes sounds (what speech therapists call developed phonemic hearing). Simply put, the baby will easily understand by ear where house And onion, And where - volume And Luke.
- Your child pronounces all sounds and has no speech therapy problems.
- The child understands directions: left-right, up-down. Let's skip the point that adults often confuse right and left. To learn to read, it is important that the baby can follow the text from left to right and from top to bottom.
8 rules to help teach your child to read
Lead by example
In a family where there is a culture and tradition of reading, children themselves will be drawn to books. Read not because it is necessary or useful, but because it is a pleasure for you.
Read together and discuss
You read aloud, and then look at the picture together, encouraging your child to interact with the book: “Who is that drawn? Can you show me the cat's ears? And who is this standing next to her? Older children can be asked more difficult questions: “Why did he do this? What do you think will happen next?
Go from simple to complex
Start with sounds, then move on to syllables. Let the first words be words consisting of repeated syllables: ma-ma, pa-pa, dyad-dya, nya-nya. After them, move on to more complex combinations: cat, bug, do-m.
Show that letters are everywhere
Play the game. Let the child find the letters that surround him on the street and at home. These include the names of stores, reminders on information boards, and even traffic light messages: sometimes the sign “Go” lights up on green, and “Wait for so many seconds” on red.
Play
And play again. Place cubes with letters and syllables, make up words, ask your child to read you some sign or inscription on a package in a store.
Take advantage of every opportunity to exercise
Whether you are sitting in line at the clinic or on your way somewhere, take out a book with pictures and short stories to go with them and invite your child to read together.
Consolidate your success
Repeat familiar texts, look for them in new stories famous heroes. The Runaway Bunny is found in both “Teremka” and “Kolobok”.
Don't force
This is perhaps the most important thing. Don't rob a child of his childhood. Learning should not happen through tears.
6 time-tested techniques
ABCs and primers
katarina_rosh/livejournal.comTraditional, but the most long haul. The difference between these books is that the alphabet reinforces each letter with a mnemonic picture: on the page with B a drum will be drawn, and next to YU- spinning top. The alphabet helps you remember letters and - often - interesting rhymes, but it does not teach you how to read.
The primer consistently teaches the child to combine sounds into syllables, and syllables into words. This process is not easy and requires perseverance.
Parents agree that one of the most understandable methods for teaching preschoolers is Nadezhda Zhukova’s primer. The author simply explains the most difficult thing for a child: how to turn letters into syllables, how to read Mother, rather than start naming individual letters me-a-me-a.
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If, when learning from an ABC book, a child consistently masters letters and syllables, then in Zaitsev’s 52 cubes he is given access to everything at once: a single letter or combinations of a consonant and a vowel, a consonant and a hard or soft sign.
The child playfully learns the differences between deaf and deaf people. sonorous sounds, because the cubes with voiceless consonants are filled with wood, and the cubes with voiced consonants are filled with metal.
The cubes also differ in size. The large ones depict hard warehouses, the small ones - soft ones. The author of the technique explains this by saying that when we say on(hard warehouse), mouth opens wide, neither(soft fold) - lips in a half smile.
The set includes tables with warehouses that the parent sings (yes, he doesn’t speak, but actually sings) to his child.
The child quickly masters vocabulary reading with the help of cubes, but may begin to swallow endings and will encounter difficulties already at school when parsing words according to their composition.
“Wardhouses” and “Towers” by Vyacheslav Voskobovich
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In “Skladushki,” Vyacheslav Voskobovich reworked Zaitsev’s idea: 21 cards present all the warehouses of the Russian language with cute thematic pictures. The set includes a disc with songs, the texts of which appear under each picture.
Foldables are good for children who like to look at pictures. Each of them is a reason to discuss with the child where the kitten is, what the puppy is doing, where the beetle has flown.
You can teach your child using these cards already from three years. It is worth noting that the author of the methodology himself does not consider it necessary Vyacheslav Voskobovich: “How to keep the child inside you? Play!" speed up early development.
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Voskobovich’s “teremki” consist of 12 wooden tower cubes with consonants and 12 cardboard chest cubes with vowels. First, the child gets acquainted with the alphabet and tries, with the help of his parents, to come up with words that begin with each of the letters.
Then it's time to study the syllables. In the mansion with the letter M is invested A- and the first syllable is obtained ma. From several towers you can lay out words. Learning is based on play. So, when replacing a vowel house will turn into smoke.
You can start playing in the towers from the age of two. At the same time, parents will not be left alone with the blocks: the kit includes a manual with detailed description methods and game options.
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The manual by Evgeny Chaplygin includes 10 cubes and 10 moving blocks. Each dynamic block consists of a pair - a consonant and a vowel. The child's task is to spin the cubes and find a pair.
At the initial stage, as with any other method of learning to read by words, the child composes the simplest words from repeated syllables: ma-ma, pa-pa, ba-ba. Engaged motor skills help you quickly remember the shape of letters, and the search for already familiar syllables turns into an exciting game. The cubes come with a manual describing the technique and words that can be formed.
The optimal age for classes is 4–5 years. You can start earlier, but only in the game format.
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American doctor Glenn Doman suggests teaching children not individual letters or even syllables, but entire words. Parents name and show the child the words on the cards for 1–2 seconds. In this case, the baby is not required to repeat what he heard.
Classes begin with 15 cards with the most simple concepts like moms And dads. Gradually, the number of words increases, those already learned leave the set, and the child begins to learn word combinations: for example, color + object, size + object.
How can you understand that a child has understood and remembered the visual image of a word if the author of the method recommends starting classes from birth? It is worth paying attention to important detail, which parents miss in an attempt to make their child the smartest, most developed, the best.
Glenn Doman in “The Harmonious Development of the Child” strongly emphasizes that there is no need to give your child tests and checks: kids don’t like this and lose interest in activities.
It’s better to remember 50 cards out of 100 than 10 out of 10.
Glenn Doman
But given that parents cannot help but check, he advises, if the child is willing and ready, to play the game. For example, you can put several cards and ask them to bring one or point to it.
Today psychologists, neurophysiologists Steven Novella, MD, Psychomotor Patterning and pediatricians American Academy of Pediatrics "The Doman-Delacato Treatment of Neurologically Handicapped Children" They agree that the Doman method is not aimed at teaching reading, but at mechanical memorization of visual images of words. The child turns out to be an object of learning and is almost deprived of the opportunity to learn something on his own.
It is also worth adding: in order to move on to the reading stage according to Doman, parents need to prepare cards with all (!) words that appear in a particular book.
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Reading according to Montessori comes from the opposite: first we write and only then we read. Letters are the same as pictures, so first you need to learn how to draw them and only then practice pronunciation and reading. Children begin by tracing and shading the letters and thanks to this they remember their outline. When several vowels and consonants have been studied, they move on to the first simple words.
Much attention is paid to the tactile component, so children can literally touch the alphabet cut out of rough or velvety paper.
The value of the method lies in learning through play. So, you can put a rough letter and a plate of semolina in front of the child and ask him to first trace the sign with his finger, and then repeat this on the semolina.
The difficulty for parents is purchasing or preparing a significant amount of handouts.
conclusions
On the Internet and on posters advertising “developmental programs”, you will be offered cutting-edge methods for teaching a child to read at three, two years old, or even from birth. But let's be realistic: a year requires a happy mother, not developmental activities.
The myth that after three it’s too late is firmly embedded in the minds and hearts of tired parents and is actively fueled by marketers.
The authors of the methods unanimously insist that the most natural process of learning for a child is through play, and not through classes in which the parent plays the role of a strict controller. Your main assistant in learning is the curiosity of the child himself.
Some children will study for six months and start reading at three, others need to wait a couple of years to learn in just a month. Focus on the child's interests. If he likes books and pictures, then primers and Folders will come to the rescue. If he is fidgety, then cubes and the Montessori system will help.
In learning to read, everything is simple and complex at the same time. If your child often sees you with a book, and you have a tradition of reading before bed, your chances will increase significantly.
Teachers note that by the time they enter first grade, a fairly large percentage of students not only do not know how to read, but do not even have an idea about letters and the alphabet. Although actually teach to read 5-6 year old child quite simple. That is why most of them are inclined to believe that it is advisable to acquire primary reading skills even before children enter school. This will make it much easier for them to master school knowledge.
Learning to read can begin at 4-5 years of age
However, in an effort to “equip” a child with reading skills, it is extremely important for parents to strictly follow the principle of the “golden mean”, without trying to unnecessarily burden the child with developmental activities, for at least two reasons:
- Firstly, reading is a fairly serious step that only a child who has reached a certain level of psychological maturity is capable of taking.
- Secondly, given that the school curriculum is designed for the “average” student, a child who can read will not be interested in learning. This will have a negative impact on him cognitive motivation in future.
When is the best time to start teaching your child the basics of reading?
How to determine a child's readiness to read?
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First of all, you need to choose the ideal age period for this.
Most modern teachers believe that the optimal age for teaching a child to read is 5 years.
However, taking into account the individual differences inherent in each child, it is necessary to pay attention to a number of criteria that indicate the child’s readiness to perceive these lessons. First of all, these include:
- Developed phonemic hearing. The level of development of this property is indicated by the child’s ability to distinguish and recognize the first, last and some other sounds in words.
- Sufficient level of speech development. The child must have a good vocabulary; his speech should consist of common sentences. He must also be able to write coherent stories.
- Availability of spatial-temporal orientation skills. Having a clear understanding of the concepts of “top”, “bottom”, “right”, “left”.
- Absence of speech therapy problems in children. Correct pronunciation of sounds, correct rhythm, melody and tempo of speech. The child should be able to easily pronounce words and entire phrases without encountering difficulties in pronunciation.
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If a child demonstrates the presence of all these qualities and developed skills, we can say that he is ready to learn to read. Today, teachers all over the world are developing and using in practice more and more new methods for developing reading skills. Let's look at just a few of them.
Teaching a child syllabic reading
The brain's ability to recognize and remember elements sign systems, including the letters of the alphabet, a child develops by the age of five. That is why at this age you can already try to teach the first lessons of syllabic reading.
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At the very beginning, the parents’ task will be to form in the child ideas about letters, which he will later be able to combine into syllables, and these, accordingly, into whole words.
How to effectively teach your child to read? To start learning, you won't need much - just an ABC book and cubes or cards with letters. However, you need to take the choice of textbook very seriously. The material in the book should be presented in detail, consistently and logically. Given the fact that voluntary attention At this age he is most often at the stage of formation, it is very desirable that he retain a maximum of pictures and visual aids. They will complement the basic material well, without distracting the child from it.
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As we have already noted, the development of reading skills should begin with the study of letters and sounds, guided by the classic principle of “from simple to complex.” It is best to do this in the following sequence:
- Open vowels: A, O, U, Y, E
- Hard voiced consonants: L, M
- Dull, hissing sounds
In the process of learning letters and sounds, you should not rush children, trying to short time master the entire ABC book. On the contrary: each task should begin by repeating the material already covered. This will allow you to consolidate the acquired skills and knowledge as firmly as possible. And develop correct technique reading for a child.
After the child has learned most letters and sounds, you can move directly to syllabic reading. To make it easier for a child to assimilate unfamiliar and still incomprehensible material, it is convenient to conduct classes in game form.
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For example, by dividing a syllable into letters, you can imagine how one letter “runs” to another, after which they begin to be pronounced together. The first syllables a child learns should be simple and consist of two sounds. It is desirable that the consonant sound comes before the vowel; syllables in which the vowel sound comes first, as well as syllables with sibilants, are best left for later. Having understood the principle by which syllables are formed, the child will no longer experience difficulties in the future.
Having mastered syllables, the child can move on to reading. simple words. These can be words made up of simple or repeated syllables. Over time, words to read may become more difficult.
In the process of teaching a child to read, it is important to strictly monitor his pronunciation at every stage. The child must maintain pauses in words, observe intonation and emphasis.
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Even if learning progresses at a slow pace and the child has difficulties, you should not rush him by accelerating the pace of classes. Let reading be, first of all, an interesting and exciting game for him. Children whose parents are overly concerned about the speed of their learning are more likely than others to have speech therapy problems and difficulties with self-esteem.
Training using the Tyulenev method: advantages and disadvantages of the system
“Learn to read before walking” - this is the main thesis of Tyulenev’s methodology. However, is it easy? Is it really possible to acquire the necessary skills in such a early age? How come small child teach reading at the level of a 5-6 year old preschooler? And, importantly, what are the real advantages and disadvantages of this method?
Speaking about the early development of children, Tyulenev believed that it should begin from birth to the age of one and a half years. That is why the fundamental question he asked in his work was how to teach a child to read whole words independently and as quickly as possible, as well as other units of speech. Average development begins at one and a half years and lasts up to two. And the age period from two to three years as a teacher already belongs to late early development.
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If after three years the child has not mastered the significant schooling skills, Tyulenev’s system recognizes him as pedagogically neglected.
To achieve maximum results, Tyulenev recommended preparing children for reading in accordance with a strict plan, in which classes should be scheduled not just by day, but by hour.
Starting from birth, the child needs to be shown cards with letters or notes. This is the first methodological tool for working with a child - the ABC of MIR (methods of intellectual development). With the help of the alphabet, the child learns letters so that he can then move on to syllabic reading.
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The study of syllables is easily carried out using the same cards, and then - computer tables or a typewriter. Cubes, recommended by many teachers, are used in Tyulenev’s system at later stages of working with syllables. And in most cases, they are completely replaced by a set of syllables on a computer.
The advantage of Tyulenev’s technique is the absence special exercises and tests, which allows the child to develop independently with the help of properly selected toys. The classes are simple; Parental participation in them is minimal. Accounting for all rules early development, according to Tyulenev, makes it possible to accelerate learning many times over and achieve amazing results already in the first years of life.
However, Tyulenev’s technique is not without its drawbacks. For example, most teachers note that when trying to learn to read at an early age, a child does not try to grasp the meaning of words: he only collects letter-symbols into the “correct” combinations. Early intellectual development a child can also significantly slow down his social development, depriving them of the opportunity to acquire communication skills with peers, etc.
Sound-letter method of teaching reading
The sound-letter method is based on a simple thesis: if at the very beginning a child begins to perceive not letters, but sounds, then it is quite logical to begin learning to read with them. This is precisely the advantage of the sound-letter method over syllabic reading. In addition, when learning syllables or entire words, the child hardly thinks about their meaning, which often reduces learning to rote memorization.
Syllable reading has another significant drawback, according to supporters of the sound-letter method. Reading syllable by syllable does not allow the child to perceive the text as a whole, and therefore to grasp the meaning of its content. The principle “from simple to complex” is also not always observed, since the symbol system is quite complex.
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The first stage of education involves developing the child’s motivation to learn. This is achieved through the inclusion in the lesson process of materials about the history of the appearance of letters, various systems writing systems adopted in countries around the world.
Then the child begins to learn to consciously perceive sounds. He listens carefully to every sound, trying to remember it. A primary base of sounds is formed in memory, which the child subsequently begins to classify, identifying vowels and consonants, remembering exactly how they differ from each other.
The next stage of learning is alphabetic. In order for the child to assimilate the material offered to him as effectively as possible, bright posters with letters and pictures can be used for classes. However, this method must be used with caution and alternate images so that the child does not associate one specific image with the letter.
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It is also important that the child has well-developed phonemic awareness speech and he could accurately name the sound he heard at the beginning or end of each named word.
Teaching reading using the G. Doman method
This technique is suitable for both small and older children. Learning to read is easy if you turn reading into an interesting and exciting game - this is the main task pursued by the method of teaching reading according to the G. Doman method. It is based on five basic steps.
At the first stage, the child learns the first 15 words. For learning, it is necessary to create the most comfortable conditions conducive to perception: the room should be cozy, the child should not be affected by any extraneous sounds or other irritants. The child himself must be in a good mood.
Demonstration of cards is carried out as follows. The child is shown an image placed at a distance of about 35 centimeters from the face. After which the parent names the object without commenting on anything or forcing him to repeat. A similar procedure is repeated for the other card.
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It is advisable to sort the cards by thematic categories (“Family”, “Fruits”, “Vegetables”, “Animals”, etc.)
On the first day of training, the cards are shown to the child an average of 4 times. The session is repeated approximately every half hour. The total duration of the lesson, as a rule, does not exceed three minutes. On the second day, the main task is also repeated three times, in addition, the child receives three more demonstrations of a new set of cards.
On the third day, the parent uses three sets of cards, three in each. The number of classes increases to 9.
Thus, the child learns the first 15 words in his life. Selecting them is quite simple: these can be the names of his loved ones, simple fruits, vegetables or food products, or the names of animals.
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No matter how much parents would like to speed up the learning process, this should not be done under any circumstances because frequent display of cards will make classes unnecessarily boring and uninteresting for the child. It also makes no sense to increase the duration of classes: already in the first three days the child acquires sign recognition skills, as well as primary reading skills.
Having studied the first group of words, the child can move on to another. You can choose the topic yourself. The second set of words can be divided into five sets of 4 groups each. In the future, for convenience, you can remove one card from the set every 5 days and replace it with another.
At the second stage, when the child already has a certain vocabulary, you can move on to learning phrases. Collocations play the role of a connecting link between words and whole sentences.
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In order to teach a child to competently and easily read entire word combinations independently, they need to be composed based on those words that are already in his vocabulary. For example, if a child has already learned the names of basic colors, you can add a noun to them: easy phrases obtained in this way will be easily learned by the child. This means that parents can move on to more complex ones: synonyms, antonyms, etc.
The stage following phrases is studying simple sentences. Lexicon by that time the child’s vocabulary has already expanded to 75 words.
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Parents still teach their children using cards, only now they need to write sentences rather than words on them. This set of 5 offers must be shown for 3-5 days, just as before - three times a day. The font size should be such that, on the one hand, it is convenient for the child to perceive the words, and on the other, so that the words can be easily placed on the card. Every few days, on average, two sentences are removed from the set and new ones take their place. Each sentence can also be accompanied by a picture corresponding to its content.
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After this, the child will be ready for one of the most important steps on the way to reading - he begins to understand the meaning of individual words. How to teach a child to make sentences? Training at this stage follows the same principle as at the previous one; but the number of words gradually increases as you progress.
As children learn new material, it is permissible to reduce the font size and change its color from red to black. If the child wants, he can repeat the words after you, but you should not demand this from him.
The final stage of learning to read involves working with books containing a large number of finely printed material. At this stage, you can move on to connected texts as easily as possible. However, not every book is suitable for these purposes.
Before proceeding with this method, carefully examine the book.
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The educational book should be between 50 and 100 words. The sentences that make up the book should be familiar to the child. There should be a maximum of one sentence per page. Illustrations in books should be on separate pages.
After carefully studying the methods for developing reading skills, you can choose the one that best suits your child. And then it will become clear how easy it is to teach a child to read correctly by opening to him amazing world literature.
Reading time: 8 minutes
Children should receive certain skills and knowledge from their parents. All mothers and fathers should know how to teach a child to read correctly at home using a primer or using other methods. This skill will help the baby more easily perceive the world, adapt to school, gain knowledge in other subjects. Eat different methods teaching children to read. Find out about their features.
How to teach a child to read correctly and quickly
Some parents believe that only specialists should work with their baby, but this opinion is wrong. Knowing a few secrets, showing persistence and patience, you will teach your baby the basics. quick reading on your own at home. With such skills, it will be much easier for a child to adapt to society, and he will master the school curriculum much faster.
When to teach a child to read
Previously, this skill was instilled in children only at school, in as a last resort, V kindergarten, i.e. no earlier than five years of age. Now times have changed and it is recommended that children begin education almost from the first year of life. How can parents make sure their child is psychologically and physically ready to engage in:
- A good sign is that your child is interested in children's books at an early age.
- The baby must be able to speak, understand the meaning of simple words, be able to formulate sentences, express thoughts in phrases, and perceive information and sounds phonemically.
- The child knows basic directions (up-down, left-right) and can navigate in space.
- The baby has good hearing, no serious problems with pronunciation and other developmental disabilities. If you have speech impediments, make an appointment with a speech therapist.
Which alphabet should I teach?
As a rule, a classic primer and some other materials are used for classes: posters, cubes, cards. Many parents, having tried modern methods, return to teaching reading in the usual way. You can purchase a primer developed by Natalya Zhukova. This teacher offers a way of teaching that combines classical and original approaches.
Basic rules of reading technique
It is worth noting that some parental actions can kill a person’s interest in books for life. How to properly teach a child to read:
- Never force. Try to interest your child by telling interesting stories. Read aloud to him, set your own positive example, this way you will teach him faster. Don't force your child or scold him if he makes mistakes. Praise your child for his successes.
- First, learn to perceive sounds, and only then move on to the letters of the alphabet.
- Practice mastering syllables. This will make it easier to learn the letters.
- Review the material you have covered regularly. It is better to do this in a playful way, do not arrange tests, because this can be offensive.
- First, learn the simplest words with repeating words (ma-ma). Then you can move on to more difficult tasks. The syllable-letter scheme (ko-t, do-m) is suitable. When the baby masters the technique of reading words, teach elementary ones, and then complex sentences. The last ones to introduce are exercises with й, ь, ъ. This is a very simple mechanism for mastering the skill of reading aloud.
- During a walk, ask your child to say what is written on signs and billboards, this way you will quickly teach him to read.
- Choose knowledge games individual letters. Buy alphabet blocks.
- Do not teach the names of letters (“er”, “es”). He may distort words later.
- Practice every day to teach reading. Don’t give up lessons, even if you think your child already knows how to do everything.
Methods of teaching reading to a preschooler at home
Eat different schemes activities with children suggested by experts. Parents are advised to study in detail the features of each method, choose the preferred one and practice only according to it. If you use several lesson plans, you can simply confuse your child and discourage him from learning. Check out some popular early learning methods.
Maria Montessori Method
An Italian teacher suggests starting learning with writing. Maria Montessori advises children to draw capital letters. Techniques such as outlining and shading should be used. Then you need to move on to making letters from bulk materials, for example, plasticine. Drawings and layouts must be composed, letters must be added, and at the last stage the syllables must be pronounced.
Methodology of Nikolai Zaitsev
One of the most popular ways training that provides quick results. Perfect for active kids. Training is conducted using cubes with warehouses. There are those with one letter, and those with two. They are colorful. The cubes with vowel sounds are golden. Those with ringing warehouses, gray and are called iron. Wooden cubes Brown contain unvoiced syllables, and white and green ones contain punctuation marks. For ease of perception, they all have different contents, weights and sizes.
All classes with cubes according to Zaitsev’s method are conducted only in a playful form. The kit includes tables with warehouses that should always be visible, and examples of special exercises. Warehouses need to be assembled according to certain principles, sing, imitate the sounds of animals. You can come up with games yourself, together with your baby, based on what will be more interesting to him.
Glen Doman Method
It is aimed at mastering not sounds and syllables, but whole words at once. They are written on special cards with pictures. Parents should show each of them to the child for 15 seconds, loudly explaining the meaning. The first lessons should be very short, no longer than 5-10 minutes. Advantages effective methodology Domana:
- suitable for children from birth;
- can be used individual approach, form a certain vocabulary;
- comprehensively develops;
- You can make the material yourself.
The Doman system is not without a number of disadvantages. Teachers highlight the following disadvantages and shortcomings:
- the learning process is passive;
- not perceived by children over three years of age.
Where to start teaching your child to read
Be sure to choose the appropriate study guides. Use books, posters, cards and blocks. Training stages:
- Introduce your baby to open vowels. Say them and sing them.
- After initial stage go to voiced consonants.
- Remember dull and hissing sounds. Only after this can you move on to learning to read by syllables. Remembering letters rather than sounds may cause problems in the future.
- Teach your child to form syllables from two vowels. He must understand how sounds are connected.
- Go to syllables in which the first letter is a consonant and the second is a vowel. It will be easy.
- Combine syllables with sibilants.
- Go to closed warehouses (vowel-consonant).
Teaching a child to read in a playful way
Having fun is the easiest way to instill an interest in books in a child. There are many game techniques aimed at developing reading techniques:
- Learn together short poems talking about letters.
- Make the letters yourself. To learn the alphabet, collect them from available materials: plasticine, counting sticks, matches. You can cut them out of cardboard and cover them with colored paper.
- Create an album in which each page becomes a “home” for a letter. Paste pictures with words that begin with it.
- Select the letter to study. Throw the ball to the baby and say the words. If he hears the right sound in them, let him catch the ball, and if not, let him hit it.
- Make round cards with syllables and play “Shop”. Each warehouse is a coin. The buyer gives one of them and orders from the seller the product that begins with this syllable (ba - banana, ku - doll).
- Write the warehouses on cards in large letters in bold. Slice each horizontally and mix. Let the child collect all the halves and read the syllables.
- Give your child a long word. Let him find several small ones in it.
- Make cards with syllables. Show your child a drawing depicting a particular word. Let him compose it from syllables.
How to learn to read syllables
Experts recommend starting to do this right away; the child does not even need to know all the sounds. Then the learning process will go much faster. Use game techniques and various auxiliary materials. If the child confidently composes words, move on to the stage of collecting words. Remember how to properly teach your child to read syllables. Classes should take place in the sequence described below.
Reading lessons by syllables
The process must be consistent. What are the stages of learning to read by syllables:
- First, make simple words from repeated syllables (pa-pa). Watch your pronunciation.
- Move on to easy and understandable words of three or four letters (le-s, po-le).
- The process becomes more complicated. Teach your child to read words of three or more syllables (ko-ro-va). It is advisable to study with pictures.
- Proceed to reading simple sentences (ma-ma we-la ra-mu).
How to teach a child to read beyond syllables
Combining words into words takes children a lot of time and attention. Parents must teach their child to read fluently, pronounce syllables together, assimilate the text well and perceive it as a whole. There are the following methods for this:
- Speed reading. Choose texts that are age-appropriate for your child and measure how much he can read in a minute. Then let him retell it summary text.
- Mix up the words in a sentence and let your child form it correctly. Start with simple examples.
- Role reading. Choose a children's story. Let the child voice one character, and you the other. Read by role. This will help the baby choose the correct intonation, keep the rhythm, pause in in the right places, understand the meaning.
- Difficult words. Every day, let your child read about 30 words 2-3 times, in which there are many difficult combinations of consonant sounds.
- Develop peripheral vision and logical thinking, train your memory, correct pronunciation, reading speed.
- Address speech therapy and other problems.
How to teach a child to read using Zhukova’s ABC book
This book offers a combination of traditional and modern techniques. Already on the third task the child will have to read syllables. The author suggests his own order of getting to know the letters, not the traditional alphabetical one. The book contains detailed instructions for conducting lessons, so even parents without teacher education They can easily organize a lesson. To teach a child to read at home, the following scheme is used:
- Introducing vowels and consonants.
- Learning to read syllable by syllable.
- Development of closed warehouses.
- Transition from simple words to complex ones.
Video
If previously children went to first grade and learned letters, then syllables, and only then mastered reading words and phrases, today the situation has changed dramatically. First-graders sit at their desks already able to read at least syllable by syllable, and some children can sound out the pages of the primer quite fluently. Indeed, today the early development of the child is given huge attention, and learning to read is one of the main and most important stages. But many parents are faced with the fact that the baby cannot correctly form letters into syllables. Don’t be upset ahead of time; perhaps the baby is not yet ready to master this science, but can turn learning into game process and progress will immediately become visible. What should parents do who want to teach their child to read syllables at home?
The time has come: how to determine that a child is physiologically ready to learn to read
Many parents ask the question: at what age can you start learning to read? Child psychologists and teachers do not give a definite answer to this question, because everything depends on the psychological and physiological readiness of the child himself. Some children already at the age of 4 can put letters into syllables without problems, while others only become aware of the process at school. Nevertheless, experts identify several signs by which adults can understand that the baby is ready to move on to learning:
The above skills, in most cases, are formed in a child by the age of five. It is from this age that you can start learning to read. It is advisable that by the time the baby needs to go to first grade, i.e. by age 7, he could read syllables.
If the child is ready to learn to read, the process is quite easy.
Parents must take into account the wishes of the child before starting to teach him to read. If the baby is not interested in letters and books, cries during classes, or does not want to concentrate, it is better to leave attempts for a later time. Even if a child the same age as your baby is already reading words and sentences, and yours has just learned letters, but things are not progressing further, you should not force the baby. This can only aggravate the situation and discourage any desire to exercise. When the time comes, the baby will quickly master letters and syllables.
At what age should you start teaching your child at home?
On this issue, many experts have different opinions:
But first of all, everything depends on the decision of the parents and the desires of the child himself.
When to start teaching your baby to read - video
Where to start: proper preparation for learning to read
This stage is the precursor to learning to read. To master the skills of composing syllables, and then words and sentences, the child must be prepared to learn letters. First of all, the baby must have a well-developed sense of rhythm, coordination and phonemic hearing.
You can start teaching your baby to catch rhythm from a very early age. To do this, teachers recommend playing funny children's songs for the baby and asking the baby to dance or simply move to the sounds of music. Parents need to set an example so that the child tries to repeat the movements of adults. Such exercises have a positive effect on the development of rhythmic hearing.
To successfully master reading by syllables, it is necessary to develop phonemic awareness in children.
Very important has development phonemic hearing so that the child learns to correctly pronounce different sounds, as well as recognize them in words. To do this, experts recommend working with children daily using the following exercises:
Quick and easy ways to teach your child to read syllables
First of all, the child must know all the letters. Experts recommend that parents study not the names of letters, but the sounds immediately. For example, not “er” but the sound<р>etc. You should start with vowel sounds; as soon as the baby masters and remembers them, you can move on to consonants.
It should be clearly understood that for reading it is the sounds that are needed, not the names of the letters. If a child remembers only letters, it will be very difficult for him to relearn and perceive only sounds.
Today there are many methods and ways in which parents can teach a future student to read. Let's look at the most popular of them.
We connect letters into syllables using N. Zhukova’s ABC book
Before you start learning to read, you need to decide on a textbook. N. Zhukova’s primer is perfect for children. Children study using this primer at school, so purchasing it will not be superfluous. Many teachers use Zhukova’s method and achieve excellent results. The principle of teaching reading is based on “running letters”, i.e. on the pages of the book the letters tend to meet each other. This is done so that the child understands: you cannot read by pronouncing sounds separately from each other. The correct reading of syllables is to pronounce the sounds together.
Using this technique, your child will quickly master reading syllables.
The principle that underlies Zhukova’s technique is the gradual combination of two sounds into a syllable.
For example, “MA”: first you need to pronounce the first sound “mmmmmm…” in a drawn-out manner and add “a” at the end. Then we shorten the first sound, and the second, on the contrary, must be extended: “maaaaaaa.” As soon as the child learns to combine both sounds and pronounce them together, you can not stretch out the sounds, but pronounce one syllable.
For parents, at the end of each page there are tips on how to properly work with your child while learning to read. You should definitely pay attention to them.
Reading syllables according to Zhukova's ABC book - video
Learning to read using Zaitsev's cubes
Using this method, children do not study sounds separately, but then compose them into syllables. They immediately remember the whole syllable that is written on one side of the cube. Kids work exclusively with blocks and only in a playful way.
The principle of this technique is that the child remembers visually, memorizes a whole syllable, and then learns to compose a word from the syllables.
But this technique has one drawback: the child may encounter problems learning to read at school. The point is that according to school curriculum Children are first taught letters and sounds, then they form syllables from them, and then the syllables are combined into words. A child who memorized and learned two letters at once with the help of cubes does not understand the principle of the classical teaching method.
The principle of Zaitsev's technique - video
What to do if a child does not understand how to put words into syllables
It often happens that the baby simply cannot understand how to pronounce two sounds together without separating them. Experts warn that parents should not allow such pronunciation of syllables. If a child gets used to saying “mea” instead of “ma,” it will be extremely difficult to retrain him; it may take months, and we absolutely do not need this. Teachers offer parents several ways to help their baby quickly understand how to correctly read two sounds together:
This sound poster will help your child remember syllables faster.
Do not forget that each child is individual, so the pace of learning to read syllables may differ for each child. Parents should be patient and not rush the baby. The main condition for successfully mastering the skill of reading is regular practice. Let them be short-lived, but daily and a positive result is guaranteed.
Games for learning to read by syllables
Psychologists and teachers unanimously say that better results in the learning process can be achieved if classes are held in a playful way. Every child loves to play, so it will be interesting for him to learn syllables during the game. There are many, which will surely interest your little student.
As soon as the baby remembers some syllables, you can form the simplest words from them
You can draw faces on the letters themselves to make it more interesting for the child to put them into syllables
Bright cards with the ability to not only make up a word, but also a picture, will certainly interest the child.
Using their imagination and knowing the preferences and interests of the baby, parents can come up with many games that will help the baby quickly master reading syllables. It all depends on the desire of the child and the patience of adults, who must gently guide the future student to regular reading lessons.
Educational cartoon for children: learning syllables - video
Praise is very important in the learning process, so the child will strive to master reading faster
Features of learning depending on the age of the child
Although many experts do not recommend teaching children to read before the age of five until they are physically and psychologically ready, a large number of parents prefer to start teaching children at an earlier age, from two to three years old. Some mothers and fathers send their children from the age of one year to children's development centers, where children are taught to read at this age.
The principle of teaching reading to children of different ages - table
Possible consequences of too early and incorrect training
Despite the fact that children's early development centers are so popular today, where children are taught to read, write and count from the first months of life, many neurologists and psychologists note negative consequences for babies. Experts base their point of view on the fact that adults interfere with the baby’s brain activity when he is not yet ready for such a load. And the consequences of this can manifest themselves:
Many teachers and psychologists insist that teaching children to read before they are four or five years old is not only undesirable, but also dangerous. At an early age, children are not ready to perceive and differentiate the sounds that they need to know to master reading. If you teach a child to read four years
, then he develops an ineffective reading mechanism, i.e. the baby simply visually remembers words and syllables, but is not able to understand how to put letters into syllables. This mechanism of perception remains at an older age. And it is very difficult to re-teach a child the correct principle of reading. Neuroscientists confirm that the negative consequences of early learning to read can manifest themselves in more late age , for example, when it is time for a child to go to school. The baby begins to get sick often and develops allergies. In some cases, children may be diagnosed with nervous tension, clumsiness, and lack of coordination. Therefore, experts insist that there is no need to push the time: the child will learn to read when he is ready for it, and you should not overload the baby’s brain in order to avoid negative consequences
for his health.
Why children should not be taught to read too early - video Parents are the main helpers of children on the path to learning to read. The baby trusts his mother, because he is used to her reading fairy tales and. Many experts and teachers insist that there is no need to rush and try to teach a child to read at one year old who cannot yet speak. The baby must be completely ready to begin to perceive letters and sounds. Gradually, you can introduce the baby to letters, then syllables, and then words. Conduct all classes in a playful way so that the child is interested. And also do not forget to encourage your child and then the success of the learning process is guaranteed to you.
Gone are the days when a child, being a “blank slate,” entered first grade. The child was taught everything at school: letters, numbers and other wisdom, and the parents could only help and control the development process of little Einstein. Today, not even all kindergartens teach the basics of reading and arithmetic, and the conditions for admission to educational institution They have become stricter and without knowledge of literacy a child may not be enrolled. Therefore, mom and dad have to arm themselves with various training manuals and begin teaching their child independently. And even if you somehow manage to master the letters, then difficulties often arise with reading. We’ll talk about how to teach a child syllables in our article.
There is time for everything, or hurry up slowly
There are hardly any parents who would not like to proudly boast to a friend that their 5-year-old child easily “swallows” Leo Tolstoy’s four-volume book “War and Peace.” But such a desire is rather from the world of fantasy. Every child is unique, and it is presumptuous to expect that reading will become his favorite pastime. It’s better not to try to force your child to catch up and surpass the children of neighbors or friends in development, but when looking for an answer to the question of how to teach a child syllables, try to trust only him: sooner or later the baby himself will declare his desire to learn to read.
You may ask: how do you understand that a child is “ripe”? Let's list a few signs:
- The baby is able to coherently retell a movie you watched or a fairy tale you read: he easily composes sentences and expresses himself clearly;
- The child can easily recognize sounds by ear. To make sure of this, invite him to repeat the syllables you pronounced: “ma-ra”, “pi-ni”, “za-na”, “bu-zu”, etc. If no problems arise, the task can be complicated , adding one more syllable (“ka-ta-ka”, “zu-bu-zu”, “la-ta-la”). Check the correct pronunciation;
- The baby easily navigates in space, knows where “right”, “left”, “up” and “down” are.
If you pass this simple exam, you can safely begin learning to read. By by and large, even a five-year-old toddler with the proper level of development will not have difficulty mastering this wisdom.
How to teach a child to read syllables?
Before teaching a child syllables, it is important for parents to understand: the whole process should take place in a playful and entertaining way. In no case should you force it - this can discourage your child from reading for a long time.
Teaching a child to read syllables, as a rule, is not so difficult if you approach the issue creatively. Where to start? Naturally, with the development of vowels. There are usually no problems with them, but consonants require more thoughtful study. To avoid problems with composing syllables in the future, it is important to pronounce the consonants in sound form, that is, not “be”, but “b”; not “en”, but “n”.
You should exercise no longer than 15 minutes a day, gradually increasing the time. The main thing is to do this every day so that the information received is not forgotten and is firmly entrenched in the baby’s memory.
As soon as the letters become familiar to perception and the child easily learns to recognize them, you need to start reading syllables. There is nothing complicated about this either. You can make cards, or even better, use a primer and start learning from the simplest. We find or write the letter “m” and pronounce it together with the child. Next, we do the same with the letter “a”. Now we can tell the story of how the letter “m” hurries to take the hand of the letter “a”, and when they meet, a very melodic “m-a” is produced. It is better to choose simple syllables, which contain only two sounds: “ka”, “da”, “na”, “ga”. Take your time - constantly repeat the material you have covered. Then start learning complex syllables: “shchi”, “chu”, “ne”, etc. After them, move on to mastering syllables starting with vowels: “an”, “od”, “us”, etc. And only when the baby has reliably mastered the material covered, you can move on to combining syllables into simple words: “ma-ma”, “re-ka”, “la-la”.
The whole learning process can turn out to be quite lengthy, and sometimes it even turns into a multi-season series “How to teach a child syllables”, and in a very difficult cases Parents “watch” the last episodes after the little one enters school.
Some methods suggest learning syllables by reading them as if into a chant, and this contains quite a lot blunder: the baby, having gotten used to “singing” syllables, over time continues to do the same with reading whole sentences, connecting them into one endless word, without punctuation marks or pauses. Therefore, it is more advisable to learn to read with expression, making an appropriate pause after each word or punctuation mark.
How to teach a child to connect syllables?
When your baby can confidently manipulate syllables and pronounce them clearly with expression, it’s time to learn to read words. They should consist of two-letter syllables, be short and understandable to the child (“fish-ba”, “zu-by”, “meat-so”, “mo-lo-ko”).
Teaching a child to connect syllables, according to teachers, is very convenient, using books for preschoolers, where words are correctly divided, there are many illustrations, and the texts are quite short.
As soon as your child masters the intricacies of simple words, you can take on more complex ones without fear: “ves-na”, “doll-la”, “cat-ka”, etc. Try to choose words where the first syllable consists of three letters , and the second is of the two.
When answering the question of how to teach a child syllables, it is worth emphasizing that systematicity and constant repetition are important here. For this purpose, use pre-made cards with syllables: “ba”, “bo”, “bu”, “be”, etc. You need to make them for each consonant and vowel letter. With the help of cards it is very convenient to form words: “va” + “za” = “va-za”, “ly” + “zhi” = “ly-zhi”.
Parents must understand that each child is individual, and the speed of learning new knowledge is different for everyone. It is quite possible that you will encounter the following situations:
- The baby knows absolutely all the letters, but for some reason does not want to combine them into syllables;
- There are no problems with letters and syllables, but the little one has absolutely no desire to learn to read.
Take a closer look at your child: it is quite possible that he wants to complete the task faster, so he is in a hurry to answer; the baby forgot or mixed up some letters; he is simply afraid to master the unfamiliar and move on to a new stage of learning.
In any case, putting pressure on, let alone shouting and scolding, a child during the learning process is unacceptable. By doing this you will discourage him from studying for a long time. Get your baby interested, learn while playing - and you will succeed. And when you meet a friend who complains that her child does not want to learn to read, then with a clear conscience you can say: “You don’t know how to teach your child syllables? Come on, I’ll tell you.”
Text: Tatyana Okonevskaya
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