What river runs through Peru? Full description of Peru
Peru - Republic of Peru (Republic of Peru, República del Perú)
Peru as a popular tourist destination is primarily due to its wonders and mysteries - the legacy of the ancient civilizations of the land of prehistoric Peru. Even the most experienced travelers freeze in amazement in front of the perfectly fitted multi-ton monoliths in the temples of Machu Picchu, examine with unprecedented interest the astronomical “instruments” of prehistoric observatories of Peru, and are at a loss about the origin of the many kilometers of drawings of the Nazca Plateau. Peru also boasts a rich ecosystem: the Amazon delta alone is home to a third of all known to science species of animals. Main types of tourism in Peru - excursions, beach holiday, ecotourism, active recreation.
general information
Location, territory and landscape
Peru is located in South America, washed by the Pacific Ocean, bordered by Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, Brazil and Chile. The third largest country (after Brazil and Argentina) on the continent.
Territory: 1,285,216 sq. km.
The country can be divided into 4 topographic regions: Costa, Sierra, Selva and Montagna. The coastal plain (Costa) is the arid and longest section of the territory on which most of the cities of Peru are located. To the east of the plain is mountainous region Sierra, which occupies about 30% of the country's territory. Main mountain range- Eastern Cordillera with the highest point of Peru - Mount Huascaran (6768 m). In the southeast of the Sierra is the highest navigable lake, Lake Titicaca. In the northeast, the Sierra passes into a vast tropical valley - the Amazonian Lowland (Selva), and it, in turn, passes in the south into the foothill plain of Montagna. These regions occupy about 60% of Peru's territory and are covered by almost impenetrable jungle. The main rivers of the country: the Amazon and its tributaries Marañon, Ucayali and Putumayo.
Population: over 30 million people.
Capital: The city of Lima, which is located in the central part of the country's coast and is part of the separate province of Lima Metropolitan. Over 7 million people live in the capital.
Big cities: Lima, Arequipa, Trujillo, Cusco.
Common languages: Spanish and Quechua, as well as Aymara and some other Indian languages. English language is not widespread, but it will be understood in hotels and many shops in the capital and on tourist routes.
Religion: Roman Catholicism, Protestantism.
Time zone and time: GMT - 5. Time differs by - 8 hours from Kyiv.
Telephone code: + 51.
National currency: new Salt (1 USD = 3 PEN)
Credit cards of payment systems: Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Diners Club
Climate and average temperature
The climatic zones are very diverse - from the tropical climate in Montagna to the arctic in the Sierra. On the coast subtropical climate with very little rainfall. In mountainous areas it is cool and cold climate With rainy summer and very dry in winter. In the eastern lowland there is equatorial climate with hot weather and rain alternating throughout the year.
Average monthly temperatures on the coast are 15-25 °C, in the Andes, on the plateaus from 5 to 16 °C, on the plains 24-27 °C. Precipitation is from 700 to 3000 mm per year.
Flora and fauna
Vegetation varies depending on the region. On the western slopes of the Andes there are rare shrubs and cacti; on the internal plateaus, in the north and east there are high-mountain tropical steppes, in the southeast there are semi-deserts. On the eastern slopes of the Andes and on the plains of the Selva there are moist evergreen forests. The jungle contains mahogany, rubber, sarsaparilla, vanilla and great amount exotic tropical flowers, in particular orchids.
The fauna of Peru is not very rich, but it is represented interesting views. The coastal plain is home to lizards, tarantulas, and scorpions. In the Sierra there are llamas, alpacas, vicunas, and chinchillas. Among the birds that stand out are the giant condor, partridge, duck, goose, flycatcher, and finch. In Selva you can see exotic animals and birds: jaguars, cougars, armadillos, peccaries, tapirs, anteaters, monkeys, alligators, large parrots, piranhas, anacondas.
What's the best way to get there?
The largest international airlines operate regular flights to Lima, incl. KLM(transfer in Amsterdam), Air France(transfer in Paris), Iberia ( transfer in Madrid) British Airways(transfer in London), Lufthansa(transfer in Frankfurt am Main), Alitalia(transfer in Rome), and also LAN Airlines is the leading airline in Latin America. International flights are served by the small but modern capital's George Chavez Airport, which is located 16 kilometers from Lima.
Also international airports available in the cities of Cusco, Arequipa, Piura and Iquitos.
Popular tourist sites:
People in Peru strive not only to visit the world-famous archaeological sites of ancient cultures and colonial cities, but also to see the Peruvian Amazon, as well as to plunge into the original and mystical Indian culture.
Machu Picchu- one of the “new wonders of the world” that a true traveler will not miss. The lost city of the Incas in the mountains attracts thousands of tourists from all over the world. This incredibly beautiful and energetic place was discovered in the 20th century, and therefore has remained virtually undamaged. There are dozens of objects to explore in the city: the Gate of the Sun, the Sacred Square, the Temple of the Three Windows, the Intihuatana stone, hewn in the shape of a large fist with a raised index finger, as well as other structures of Machu Picchu created from stone blocks.
Nazca Desert - one of the most mysterious places on the ground. The mystery of the giant drawings in the form of animals has not yet been revealed. geometric shapes and just lines. Most of them can be seen from an airplane, and some even from an observation deck.
Sacred Valley of the Incas — picturesque valley, formed by the Urubamba River, in the Peruvian Andes near the city of Cusco. This is a sacred place for the Incas, where many archaeological sites, incl. ruins of temples and other religious buildings.
Silustani- a pre-Inca cemetery located on the shores of Lake Umayo near the city of Puno. The graves are made in the form of towers (“chulpa”) and date back to the period of the existence of the kingdom of Colya, created by the Aymara people, later conquered by the Incas. The area has a very unusual landscape and is extremely strong energy. Ufologists from all over the world come here to observe the flying objects that appear here quite often.
Cusco- one of ancient cities Latin America and the capital of the Inca Empire. Archaeological excavations have discovered that people have been settling in these places for more than 3 thousand years. The name of the city translated from the Quechua Indian language (the official language of the Inca Empire) means the Navel of the Earth. Today, the Spanish colonial style is harmoniously combined with elements of the architecture of the Inca Indians.
Iquitos- one of the most picturesque cities in Peru, which is located on the banks of the Amazon River. Colonial architecture and luxury mansions rubber magnates of the 19th century give the city a unique appearance. From Iquitos you can go into the jungle and visit the local indigenous Indians, such as Boras and Yaguas.
Lake Titicaca - the highest navigable lake in the world, which is located in the Andes on the border of Peru and Bolivia. This is the largest in terms of reserves fresh water lake in South America. Around the lake and on the islands there are many settlements of Aymara and Quechua Indians. Part of the population lives on the floating reed islands of Uros, which are often visited by tourists who are interested in the life and way of life of the aborigines.
Lima- the capital of the country, which successfully combines administrative functions and cultural heritage Spanish colonialists and ancient cultures of the pre-Columbian era. Here you can see the ancient mansions of the nobility in the Lima Center area, Cathedral Santo Domingo, built in the 16th century, Government Palace, Plaza de San Martin, Archbishop's Palace and Church of San Francisco, visit the Museum of the Inquisition, Museum of Art, National Museum of Archeology and Anthropology, Museum of the Nation and the unique Museum of Gold, Museum ceramics named after Rafael Larco Herrera.
Peru is one of the countries with the most water resources - 1,913 km. cube Peru is on the list of countries with the most water resources per capita - 66,338 cubic meters. Most of The rivers of Peru belong to the Amazon river system. Its main source is the Marañon River (originating on the eastern slopes of the Western Cordillera), together with its tributaries Huallaga and the second source, the Ucayali, are the main large rivers Peru. WITH western slopes Andes in Pacific Ocean Many rivers flow in, but they are all low-water and short. The most significant of them are Piura, Santa, Tumbes and Chira. Puna is home to the inland drainage basin of Lake Titicaca. The Andes rivers have large reserves of hydroelectric power. In the North of the Costa, in the eastern part of the Sechura desert, water from the Marañon River basin was transferred for irrigation.
One of the most long rivers in the world - Amazon. The Amazon River flows in the north South America, but begins its flow from the Andes in Peru and ends in the territory of Brazil, flowing into the Atlantic Ocean. The total length of the Amazon River ranges from 6259 to 6800 km. In addition, it is the most water-bearing river in the world; it carries one fifth of all fresh water on the globe into the ocean. The flow of water brought by the Amazon is so huge that, flowing into the Atlantic Ocean, it changes its salt composition and color over a distance of 320 kilometers. During the dry season, the Amazon River reaches a width of 11 kilometers, covering 110 thousand square meters with water. km, and the rainy season increases its width three times more, covering 350 thousand square meters. km and spreading over 40 km or more. It should also be noted that the mouth of the Amazon River is the largest river delta in the world, the width of which reaches 325 km. Amazon is navigable river two-thirds of its length from Atlantic Ocean. The Amazon River Basin is home to many unique representatives fauna, for example, river dolphin - Boto, river sharks, piranha, the most big snake on Earth - anaconda, the largest freshwater fish- arapaima and other species. The area occupied by the Amazon basin is about 7 million square meters. km. More than half is concentrated in the Amazon forests tropical forests growing on Earth. They are called the “lungs of the planet” and produce more than 20% of the world’s oxygen.
Lake Titicaca is located on the border of Bolivia and Peru. Its area is 8287 sq. km. This is the world's largest high-altitude navigable body of water, distinguished by its special, oceanic underwater fauna - the lake was once a sea bay, raised by tectonic forces into the mountains. The Quechua and Aymara tribes live here, who build all the buildings, floating craft and special man-made floating islands “Uros” from the reeds growing on the lake, which serve as places of residence. Uros are built from reeds with the addition of clay and last about five years, huts - about two years, boats - up to one year. The great Norwegian traveler Thor Heyerdahl created his ship Kon-Tiki here, on which he sailed from South America to Polynesia.
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- Amazon
A river in South America, the largest in the world in terms of basin size, depth and length river system. Formed by the confluence of the Marañon and Ucayali rivers. The length from the main source of Marañon is 6992.06 km, from the source of Apacheta, discovered at the end of the 20th century, about 7000 km, from the source of Ucayali over 7000 km. The area of the basin is 7,180 thousand km² (according to other sources, 6,915 thousand km²). In 2011, according to the results of a global competition, Amazon was recognized as one of seven natural wonders peace - Apurimac
A river in South America, in Peru, the left component of the Ucayali River (Amazon basin). Length 1250 km. The basin area is about 125 thousand km². Originates on the Puna plateau in the Central Andes, northwest of Lake Titicaca, flows northwest in the deep narrow valleys, dissecting the Andes ridges. The food is predominantly rain-fed. Average flow rate is about 2.9 thousand m³/s. The most water is in summer (December-February). Very rapids, unnavigable. The city of Puerto Prado is located on the Apurimac River. - Desaguadero
The only river flowing from Lake Titicaca. Located in Peru and Bolivia. It flows out of the southern part of the lake, compensating for only a third of the influx of water into Lake Titicaca, and flows to Lake Poopo. In the upper reaches it is fresh and navigable, but, passing through saline lands, it becomes shallow and becomes salty. - Javari
A river in central South America. It is located in northwestern Brazil, a right tributary of the Amazon. Length – 1056 km. The source is in Peru. It originates in the Peruvian Andes (La Montagna), after which throughout, except for the upper reaches, it serves as the border between Brazil and Peru. The river is navigable for 500 km and even further in rainy season during the period from January to May. Flood occurs between December and April. - Jurua
Right tributary of the Amazon. The length is 3280 km, the area of the river basin is 224 thousand km². The source of the river is La Montaña (Peru), in the foothills of the Peruvian Andes, in the upper reaches it flows in the direction from south to north, in the middle and downstream The channel of the Jurua is winding, where the river crosses the Amazonian lowland through the states of Brazil - Acre (municipalities of the microregion Cruzeiro do Sul in the mesoregion Vali do Jurua: Mareshal Taumaturgo, Porto Walter, Rodriguez Alves and Cruzeiro do Sul) and The Amazonas, flowing there towards the east, crushes its largest tributary (the right one) - the Tarauca River, then flows to the northwest in a channel with swampy banks. - Concordia
Drying river in Peru and Chile. The river originates on the Andean plateau and flows southwest several times crossing the border between Peru and Chile and flows into the Pacific Ocean 10 km away. north of the city Arika near the village of Chakalyuta. The river flows through the territory of the department of Tacna (Peru) and the region of Arica y Parinacota (Chile). There are practically no settlements on the banks of the river. - Madre de Dios
A river in Peru and Bolivia, in the Amazon basin. The river has a length of about 640 kilometers. Originating in the Peruvian Andes, then in Bolivia it flows from the left into the Beni River in the Madeira Basin, which in turn flows into the Amazon. Madre de Dios is important water artery in the upper reaches of the Amazon, on the river there is the port city of Puerto Maldonado, down from which shipping begins. Agriculture is widely developed in the river valley, with mango being the main crop. Industry is also developed in the river valley, gold mining and logging are carried out. Agriculture, as well as industry, create a big problem for the ecology of the region. - Mantaro
A river in Peru, a tributary of the Apurimac, which below the confluence of the Mantaro is called Ene. It originates at an altitude of 4080 meters. The length of the river is 724 kilometers, the basin area is 15,410 km². It flows through the provinces of Junin, Yauli, Jauja, Concepcion and Huancayo. In Quechua, the name of the river is "Hatunmayo", which means "great river". - Marañon
River in Peru, left source of the Amazon. The length is about 2000 km, its area drainage basin about 350,000 km². Named after “Captain Marañon, who first discovered navigation on this river.” - Napo
A river in South America (Ecuador, Peru), a left tributary of the Amazon. The length, according to various sources, is from 800 to 2000 km (width from 1 to 4 kilometers). It originates in the Ecuadorian Andes near the Cotopaxi volcano. The main tributaries: on the left - Coca (river) and Aguarico, on the right - Cureri. The river floods between June and August. In the lower reaches small ships pass along it. There are 130 islands on the river, covered with young forests. - Pastaza
A river in South America, in the northwestern part of the Amazon basin. The largest tributary of the Marañon River. Length – 710 km. It originates in the Ecuadorian province of Cotopaxi, on the northwestern slopes of the Cotopaxi volcano. In its upper reaches the river is known as Patate. Patate flows into south direction, crossing the border with the province of Tungurahua, in whose territory, a little above the city of Banos, the river receives a tributary of the Chambo, after which it is called Pastaza. - Purus
The river, a right tributary of the Amazon, is about 3,200 kilometers long. The source of the Purus is in Peru on the eastern slope of the Andes, but the river mainly flows through the territory of Brazil, in the Amazonian lowland in the humid equatorial forest zone. After the rainy season in March-April, the river experiences high water. - Putumayo
River in South America. Mainly located in the northwestern part of Brazil, in the upper reaches it flows through the territory of Colombia, Peru and Ecuador. The length of the river is about 1800 km. Flows from northwest to southeast. Has a number major tributaries. Flows into the Amazon. The high water period lasts from October to April–May. - Rimac
River in western Peru. It originates high in the Andes in the province of Lima and flows into the Pacific Ocean within the city of Lima near Jorge Chavez Airport. The length of the river is about 160 kilometers. The name of the river comes from the Quechua rimaq meaning “to speak”, many locals call Rimac in Spanish El Río Hablador, literally meaning “the talking river”. This name was most likely given during the time of the Incas due to the great noise made by the river waters during high water. - Solimões
The section of the Amazon River in its upper reaches, from the confluence of the Ucayali and Marañon rivers, to its confluence with the Rio Negro. Flows through the territory of Peru and Brazil. The length of this section of the river is about 1600 km, the drainage basin area is 2,200,000 km², the water flow is 100,000 m³/s. - Huallaga
River in South America. It originates in the Andes Mountains in central Peru. The length of the river is 1134 kilometers. It flows into the Marañon River. It has a number of tributaries. The river floods between June and August. - Ucayali
River in Peru, right tributary of the Amazon; sometimes the Ucayali is mistaken for the source of the Amazon. Length 1771 km, basin area 375 thousand km². It is formed by the confluence of the Tambo (in the upper reaches - Apurimac) and Urubamba rivers, originating in the Central Andes, after their confluence it flows through the Amazonian lowland. Average flow 12600 m³/s. Navigable to Kumaria town. The main port is Pucallpa. - Urubamba
A river flowing in central Peru. The length from the source in the Central Andes to the mouth is 725 km. Almost along the entire length of Urubamba - mountain river with rapids and waterfalls. Floods in December-February. It flows in deep canyons dividing the Vilcabamba and Vilcanota ridges. Above the river gorge are the ruins of the city of Machu Picchu. At the source it is called Vilcanota, merging at the mouth with the Apurimac (Tambo) River to form the Ucayali River (of the Amazon basin). - Chira
River in Peru. The length is about 300 km. The drainage basin area is 19,095 km², of which 7,162 km² are in Ecuador, as well as 11,933 km² in Peru. Originates in the Andes. Flows into the Pacific Ocean. 27 km northeast of the city of Sulyany is the Poechos Reservoir, where swimming, fishing, water skiing and sailing are possible.
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE COUNTRY
Capital: Lima.
Official language: Spanish and Quechua, and Aymara and Amazonian dialects are also common.
Population: about 28.6 million people.
Political system: constitutional democracy.
Territory: 1.3 million sq. km.
Geographical position: It is bordered in the northwest by Ecuador, in the north by Colombia, in the east by Brazil, and in the southeast by Bolivia and Chile. In the west it is washed by the Pacific Ocean.
Predominant religion: Catholicism.
Time: lags behind Moscow by 9 hours (in summer), by 8 hours (in winter).
The most high point:
Mount Nevado Huascaran (6768 m).
Peru - a country with one of the most ancient histories on the planet. According to some reports, the first settlements appeared in Peru ten thousand years ago. Indian history Peru begins with the Chico tribe, the world's oldest civilization, and ends with the mighty Inca kingdom, the largest empire of pre-Columbian America. The Paracas, Chavin, Mochica, Nazca, Vari, and Chimu cultures also left their mark on the annals of the state. Today, the country is home to more than 180 museums and countless archaeological parks: from the famous Machu Picchu, which has become one of the new wonders of the world, and the mysterious Nazca Lines to almost destroyed cities lost in the Andean valleys. Peru contains unique natural resources: Here there are 84 of the 104 biological zones existing on the planet, 20% of all bird species and 10% of all reptile and mammal species on earth live here.
BBB Residents of Peru are distinguished by their cheerful, open character, thanks to which the life of the country is decorated with all kinds of colorful holidays. Original Peruvian cuisine based on culinary traditions almost all continents - another pleasant surprise for travelers. Among the advantages of the country, one can also note the developed tourist infrastructure: traveling around Peru is not only exciting, but also comfortable.
REMINDER FOR TOURISTS IN PERU
Information for tourists in Peru (.pdf) download >>>
Information for tourists in Peru (.doc) download >>>
TOURISM
Popular types of tourism: historical tourism (Incan ruins, colonial cities, remains of unknown civilizations), hiking the Inca Trail, walks on Lake Titicaca, wildlife and bird watching (Amazon, Paracas Nature Reserve), ecotourism (Colca Canyon, hiking in the Andes), Amazon cruises , shamanic rituals and mystical tourism (Machu Picchu, Nazca Lines, Lake Titicaca) also deserve the attention of tourists. extreme species sports (rafting, mountaineering, mountain biking in the Colca Valley; descent from the dunes in Ica, etc.), beach holidays in the north (Tumbes and Mancora).
What is worth visiting:
Lima- the capital of the country, a shopping center where you can buy souvenirs from all over the country, restaurants national cuisine and the historical city center with a pedestrian street, built in colonial style.
Cusco- the archaeological capital, in the Quechua language Cusco means the navel of the earth. According to legend, the city was founded in the 12th century. the first Inca Manco Capac - the son of the sun. The city was rebuilt by the Spanish conquerors and colonial architecture appeared.
Machu Picchu- the lost city of the Incas, it is still not known exactly who built it and when.
Nazca - ancient civilization Indians Tourists are attracted to this place because of the mysterious VBB patterns and lines. The drawings are visible only from a bird's eye view, so inspection of the drawings is carried out on small planes (up to 6 seats). It is unknown how these drawings appear; scientists put forward many assumptions, even of a mystical nature.
STORY
The first inhabitants on the territory of modern Peru appeared in the 10th millennium BC. e. The first settlement of Norte Chico was discovered on the north-central coast of the country. In the 12th century, the Inca state arose in the valley of the Urubamba River. The Incas are not an ethnic group, but a ruling class. Over five centuries, the Incan state of Tawantinsuyu became the largest empire of pre-Columbian America.
In 1524, conquistadors Francisco Pizarro, Diego de Almagro, and priest Hernando de Luque, who lived in Panama, began the conquest of Peru. In 1544, the Viceroyalty of Peru was established; Blasco Nunez Vela, who arrived from Spain, became the first viceroy. On July 28, 1821, the independence of Peru was proclaimed, but in June 1823 the Spaniards regained dominion over Peru. In 1824, the troops of Sucre, an associate of Bolivar, invaded Peru from the north. They finally defeated the Spaniards. Bolivar divided Peru into two countries: Peru itself, which he began to rule himself, and Bolivia (named in his honor), which he gave under the rule of Sucre.
USEFUL INFORMATION FOR TOURISTS
Climate: varies greatly depending on the region: in Lima it is humid, with average annual temperature air +18-19 C, in high mountain areas dry and quite mild. The dry season lasts from May to October, the rainy season from November to April. The most northern regions coasts boast sunny weather all year round(in summer about +35 C). The jungles of Peru have a tropical, humid climate.
Electricity: 220/240 Volt, European style sockets.
Currency: new salt. US dollars are widely accepted. Most international credit cards are accepted for payment in hotels, restaurants and shops.
Visa: Russian citizens do not require a visa until 90 days of stay in the country.
Safety: People with cardiovascular disease should consult their doctor before visiting the highlands of Peru. To avoid weakness, common in high mountain areas, you need to eat light food and drink mate tea. Some hotels in Cusco have special oxygen cylinders. For more obvious signs of altitude sickness, you should consult a doctor or buy special tablets ( Soroche Pills). If possible, you should climb to the highlands gradually, for example, before Cusco, make a stop in the lower regions of the Sacred Valley.
Vaccinations: It is recommended (but not required) to be vaccinated against yellow fever ten days before travel. A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required when flying from Peru to Venezuela, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Panama, Argentina (Salta, Jujuy, Corrientes, Chaco, Misiones, Formosa). And also when flying from these countries to Peru. Additional Information about vaccinations download >>>
What to take with you: when visiting Machu Picchu in the rainy season, you need to take a poncho or rain coat with you, and in the dry season - a hat, insect repellent and sunscreen. In areas of the Amazon, you should be prepared for unusual climatic conditions: heat, rain, insects, etc.
Purchases: in Lima you can find souvenirs from all areas of Peru on La Marina Avenue in Pueblo Libre and in the city center. From Cusco and Machu Picchu you can bring with you knitted woolen products, pottery, silver jewelry, wood products with artistic carvings, furs, masks. The San Blas artist district is home to some amazing studios. Local weaving traditions have been passed down from generation to generation in Puno and around Lake Titicaca, so you can expect to buy quality textiles and wool products here. These areas of Peru are also famous for the production of original musical instruments. In Arequipa you can buy belts, stationery, metal furniture, and stone souvenirs. In the Amazon - pottery with geometric patterns, decorated clothes, as well as souvenirs and household items made from local materials.
NATIONAL CUISINE
Main dishes: Peruvian cuisine is almost as diverse as nature. It includes wonderful seafood, potatoes, and tropical fruits from the Amazon jungle. The ceviche is worth trying ( raw fish or crustaceans marinated in lemon juice with onions and vegetables). Thrill-seekers can try kui - stewed or fried guinea pig. Masamorra morada, a fruit pudding dating back to colonial times, is another favorite Peruvian dish to finish off a meal.
Beverages: fruit juices, mate tea, coffee, low-alcohol chicha. From alcoholic drinks: pisco drink and cocktails based on it, wine and beer.
TOUR OPERATOR IN PERU
The Caribbean Club company organizes holidays in Peru at hotels of any category.
HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS
January- Mariner Dance Festival.
February- Feast of the Blessed Virgin.
March- La Vendimina Wine Festival in Ica.
March, April- ceremonies to worship the God of earthquakes throughout the country, Carnival in the highlands.
April- Holy Week.
May- Pilgrimage of the Snow Star to Quispicancha near Cusco, festivities of Corpus Christi in Cusco.
June- Festival of San Juan in Iquitos.
June 24- Inti Raymi - the summer solstice celebration, the ceremony of welcoming and worshiping the Sun, which is held in Cusco and Sacsayhuaman
July- Festival of the Virgin of El Carmen in Paucartambo.
early August- The Pachamama Festival is a sacrifice to Mother Earth.
September- International Spring Festival in Trujillo.
October- Procession of the Lord of Miracles in Lima.
november- Bullfighting Festival in Lima.
November 5- Puno Day.
In Peru, tourists will see ancient land Inca, temples of the pre-Inca period, Amazon rainforests, snow-capped Andes peaks, relict Lake Titicaca, mysterious petroglyphs in the Nazca desert, museums in Lima, which locals call the “City of Kings”, as well as condors soaring majestically over the Colca Canyon. In this ancient country There are also good beaches on the Pacific coast.
Geography of Peru
Peru is located in the west of South America. Peru borders Colombia and Ecuador in the north, Brazil in the east, Bolivia in the southeast, and Chile in the south. In the west, the country is washed by the Pacific Ocean. total area– 1,285,216 sq. km., and the total length state border– 5,536 km.
To the west is a narrow coastal plain, to the east is flat terrain covered tropical forests(jungle), and the rest of the country is occupied by mountain system Andes. The highest local peak is Mount Huascaran, whose height reaches 6,768 meters.
Most Peruvian rivers originate in the Andes mountains. They flow into the Pacific Ocean, into Lake Titicaca, and are also tributaries of the Amazon River.
Earthquakes occur quite often in Peru, although most of them are not destructive.
Capital
Lima is the capital of Peru. More than 8 million people now live in this city. Lima was founded by the Spaniards in 1535.
Official language of Peru
There are several in Peru official languages– Spanish and the languages of local Indians (where they live compactly).
Religion
The majority of the inhabitants of this country are Catholics.
State structure
According to the Constitution, Peru is a presidential republic, headed by a President elected for a 5-year term. The President serves as the head of state and head of government. His functions also include the appointment of the Prime Minister.
The unicameral local parliament is called Congress; it consists of 130 deputies, also elected for 5 years.
Basic political parties– “Union for Peru”, “Peruvian Aprist Party”, party “ National Unity" and "Alliance for the Future".
Administratively, the country is divided into 25 regions and one province with its center in Lima. Regions are in turn divided into districts.
Climate and weather
The climate in Peru is varied, ranging from subtropical and tropical to alpine in the Andes. It is the Andes, as well as the Humboldt Current, that have a decisive influence on the local climate.
The best time to visit this country is the Peruvian winter (June-September), when there is little rainfall.
During the Peruvian summer (November-March) it rains very often. Temperatures are higher than in summer, but at night it can be very cold. The most unpredictable seasons are spring (April-May) and autumn (October).
Seas and oceans of Peru
In the west, the country is washed by the Pacific Ocean. Length sea coast– 2,414 km. average temperature seas near the coast - from +14C to +19C.
Rivers and lakes
The sources of most Peruvian rivers begin in the Andes mountains. They flow into the Pacific Ocean, into Lake Titicaca or are tributaries of the Amazon. The longest local rivers are the Ucayali (1,771 km), Marañon (1,414 km), Putumayo (1,380 km), Javari (1,184 km) and Huallaga (1,138 km).
In the southeast, near the border with Bolivia, is the mountain lake Titicaca with fresh water. Its area is 8,300 square meters. km.
Culture of Peru
The culture of Peru was formed under the influence of the traditions of local Indians and Spaniards. Traditions and customs of many ethnic groups coexist in this country. Like any other country in South America, Peru has a huge number of festivals, fiestas and holidays, most of them, of course, of a religious nature.
In February, for example, there is a fiesta in Puno in honor of the Blessed Virgin of La Candelaria, in April there are fiestas throughout the country in honor of Good Friday and Easter, in July there is a fiesta in Paucartambo in honor of the Virgin of El Carmen, and in October in Lima - Fiesta of the Lord of Miracles.
On June 24, Peruvians celebrate the summer solstice festival "Inti Raymi", which has its roots in Inca traditions.
Also very interesting are the Marinera Dance Festival in La Libertad, the Spring Festival in Trujillo and the wine festival of La Vendimina.
Kitchen
Peru is geographically divided into three regions - mountainous, jungle and coastal. Peruvian cuisine can be divided according to the same criteria.
In coastal areas, fish and seafood dishes predominate. A traditional dish there is “Ceviche”, which is fish marinated in lemon or lime juice with coriander, garlic and onion. This fish is served with corn, potatoes or seaweed.
In mountainous regions, the emphasis is on meat dishes. A traditional Peruvian dish in the mountains is “Pachamanca” (meat baked in own juice in a hole in the ground, seasoned with spices). This meat is often served with potatoes.
Peruvian jungle cuisine emphasizes vegetables, fruits and meat. In the jungle region, Peruvians eat every day a large number of fruits, including Camu Camu fruits, which contain huge amounts of vitamin C.
Traditional non-alcoholic drinks are tea made from coca leaves (this is not a drug; it is sometimes drunk cold, but most often hot), herbal or fruit tea "Emoliente", the drink "Chicha morada" made from purple corn with sugar and spices.
Traditional alcoholic drinks - Pisco (traditional Peruvian vodka), Chicha de jora (traditional alcoholic drink from corn), wine and beer.
Sights of Peru
There are many interesting sights awaiting tourists in Peru. These are, for example, the relict Lake Titicaca, medieval palaces and churches, petroglyphs in the Nazca desert, fortresses and cities of the Inca Indians, temples of the pre-Inca period and much more. The Top 10 most interesting Peruvian attractions, in our opinion, may include the following:
- Inca Religious Center Sacsayhuaman
- Lake Titicaca
- Pre-Inca religious center Pachacamac
- Petroglyphs in the Nazca Desert
- Sacred city of the Incas Machu Picchu
- Ruins of the ancient Indian city of Chan-Chan
- Cathedral of Santo Domingo in Lima
- Megalithic sculptures on the Marcahuasi plateau
- Capital of the Inca Empire Cusco
- Inca fortress of Pisac
Peruvian food is of great interest to tourists. National parks and nature reserves - Manu Biosphere Reserve, ecological reserve in Batan Grande, as well as the Bahuaja-Sonone and Maididi national parks.
Cities and resorts
The largest cities are Lima, Arequipa, Callao, Trujillo, Chiclayo, Iquitos and Piura.
Peruvian beach resorts not as famous as resorts in, for example, Ecuador and Colombia, but this country has some very beautiful beaches, surrounded by the Andes. The most popular local beach resorts are Picasmayo, Chicama, Paracas, La Pimentel, Tumbesa, Trujillo and Lima. The best time to relax on Peruvian beaches is January-March.
Many believe that the best Peruvian beach is Punta Sal, located in the north of the country near the border with Ecuador. Another popular local beach is Mancora. Both of these beaches provide excellent opportunities for aquatic species sports, especially surfing.
Tourists in Peru also offer a large number of historical and environmental excursion tours. During these excursion tours, tourists visit the villages of local Indians, explore ancient Indian archaeological complexes, observe unique animals and birds, and get acquainted with the way of life local residents, try traditional Indian dishes.
In the Peruvian mountains there are many therapeutic thermal baths, which are visited by thousands of tourists with pleasure.
Souvenirs/shopping
Tourists in Peru buy handicrafts, Jewelry, clothes (sweaters, hats, scarves) made of alpaca wool, carpets, wooden chess with figurines of the Incas and conquistadors, traditional Peruvian vodka “pisco”.
Office hours
Banks:
Mon-Fri: 09:00-18:00 (most banks close for siesta from 13:00 to 15:00)
Sat: 09:00-12:00
The shops:
Mon-Sat: 09:00-17:00/18:00
Some banks are also open on Sundays, but only until lunchtime.
Visa
Ukrainians who want to travel to Peru for up to 3 months do not need a visa.