What degree? Academic degrees in ascending order - gradations in Russia

Academic degrees awarded in different countries vary significantly in titles, qualification requirements, award and/or approval procedures.

Academic titles

Academic titles are currently divided into the titles of associate professor or professor by specialty and associate professor or professor by department. The first are assigned by the Higher Attestation Commission, the second - by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (for more details, see “Regulations on the procedure for assigning academic titles”). The academic title of senior researcher is currently not awarded in the Russian Federation; it is equivalent to the title of associate professor in the specialty. Previously (and also currently in Ukraine and some other post-Soviet states), the title of senior researcher was awarded to employees of research institutes, and the qualification requirements for applicants for this title did not include teaching work in universities, unlike the title of associate professor.

The academic titles of corresponding member and academician are officially recognized only if their holders are members of one of 6 state academies:

• Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (RAMS),
• Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (RAASHN),
• Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (RAASN),

Previous academic degrees and titles

Status of bachelor's and master's degrees in Russia

Before the implementation of the Bologna recommendations, bachelor's and master's degrees in Russia do not refer to academic degrees, but to the qualifications of graduates of educational institutions of higher professional education. According to their status, holders of bachelor's degrees are classified as persons with higher professional education of the second level, which, in turn, is considered lower than higher education of the third level, which includes a master's degree and the qualification of a certified specialist.

Thus, from both legal and practical points of view, the status and position of holders of the qualifications of a certified specialist and an academic master's degree in modern Russia are completely similar and equivalent, that is, they give the same rights to their holders to carry out professional (including scientific and teaching (including in higher educational institutions)) activities in accordance with education and qualifications, as well as equal rights to admission to postgraduate education (postgraduate studies).

However, despite the above, there are still frequent cases of graduates enrolling in master's programs (usually on a paid basis, since obtaining a higher education of a certain level on a free basis is possible only once), which, however, should not be considered as a continuation education at a higher level, but rather as a hidden form of obtaining a second higher education (obtaining a master's degree in a specialty/direction somewhat different from a specialist diploma), professional retraining or advanced training (similarly), as well as improving the status of education (for example, in in the case of admission to the master's program of a leading university by a certified specialist - a graduate of a lesser-known university).

Nomenclature of academic degrees

Depending on the specialty in which the dissertation is defended, the applicant is awarded one of the following academic degrees. Below is the nomenclature for Doctors of Science; the nomenclature of candidates of science completely repeats it.

Honorary degree

An honorary degree of Doctor of Science (Honor Doctor or Honor degree or Doctor honoris causa) is issued by universities, academies or the Ministry of Education without completing a course of study and without taking into account mandatory requirements (for publications, defense, etc.), but who have achieved great success in business and who have gained fame in any field of knowledge (artists, jurisprudence, religious figures, businessmen, writers and poets, artists, etc.). Such people are attracted to teaching and give lectures at the best universities in many countries around the world. An honorary Doctor of Science degree is not awarded in medicine.

An honorary degree may be awarded or withdrawn.

Non-governmental organizations

Religious organizations can award candidate (doctor) degrees in theological sciences (or theology), award the titles of professor and associate professor, etc. Other non-governmental organizations can also award various academic degrees and titles, up to academician (see Non-state academies). However, all these degrees and titles are not legally recognized as such in Russia and do not give their holders the rights provided for by the laws of the Russian Federation. Currently, there is a discussion regarding the possibility of transferring the scientific and qualification powers of the Higher Attestation Commission to the scientific councils of universities and research institutes (including non-state ones), as has been done in many Western countries. Opponents of such a transfer express the opinion of the inevitable devaluation of the system of academic degrees and titles as a result of the loss of state control over the certification of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel.

Notes

Related links

• Website of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation

Research staff and university teachers, as a rule, have an academic degree and academic title. What are the specifics of these regalia?

What is an academic degree?

Under scientific degree It is customary to understand the level of qualification of a representative of the scientific field assigned to him after completing training in special programs. In Russia, two academic degrees have now been established - candidate of sciences and doctor of sciences.

The first is assigned to a person who has successfully completed graduate school and defended his Ph.D. thesis. The degree of Doctor of Science is awarded to a scientist who undergoes doctoral studies, defends a doctoral dissertation, and also receives the approval of the Council of the Higher Attestation Commission.

Only candidates of science can receive a doctorate degree. Moreover, the specialization in which a person studied in graduate school often does not coincide with the one in which he intends to study in doctoral studies. For example, a candidate of economic sciences may well become a doctor of sciences in physics.

What is an academic title?

Under academic title It is customary to understand the level of position of a representative of the scientific field assigned to him in the process of carrying out labor activities at a university or scientific institution. In Russia there are two academic titles - associate professor and professor.

An important nuance - a person can be an associate professor or professor not because he has the corresponding academic title, but because of his position. In turn, a person who has a documented title of associate professor or professor may not hold corresponding positions at the university.

A scientist can receive the title of associate professor (if we talk about its official assignment) for success in research or teaching work. The title of professor can be awarded to a university employee for success in teaching work, as well as in the training of graduate students.

The title of associate professor and professor is confirmed by a special certificate. In practice, a scientist can most often become a professor only if he has experience as an assistant professor.

Comparison

The main difference between an academic degree and an academic title is that a person receives the first regalia based on the results of training in special programs - in graduate school or doctoral studies, and the second - in the process of working at a university or scientific institution.

Moreover, both concepts are closely related in practice: as a rule, scientists with a candidate's degree become associate professors, and doctors of science become professors. Although, if a person achieves outstanding achievements in science, he can receive an academic title without the corresponding degree. But this is a rather rare case.

Having determined what the difference is between an academic degree and an academic title, we will record the main conclusions in the table.

Academic degrees in Russia are important concepts in scientific activity, as they establish the necessary qualification sequence in scientific circles. The first scientific degrees in Russia began to be awarded at the end of the distant 18th century by Catherine II. Currently, a two-level hierarchy of scientific professional levels is used, modeled on the gradation of scientific levels in force in the USSR.

What is an academic degree

An academic degree in Russia is a certain level of qualification of a scientist, a form of certification of scientific workers, which makes it possible to establish the ranks of “ministers of science” and the sequence of stages of an academic career. To obtain it in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to defend a dissertation for a candidate or doctor of science. In modern times, any researcher knows what academic degrees there are and in what gradation they are.

University academic bachelor's and master's degrees, borrowed from the European educational system, are not types of academic degrees. These include only candidate and doctoral degrees.

Academic degrees in ascending order

Academic degrees in our country differ from others in types, names, hierarchy, as well as in the way academic degrees are awarded in different countries. For any branches of science and specialties in European countries, a three-level hierarchy of academic careers is used. In ascending order, the elements of its classification are as follows:

1. Bachelor;
2. Master;
3. Ph.D.

The level of “Doctor of Philosophy” does not mean an example of a separate branch of knowledge, but generalizes them as a whole. The degree of Doctor of Philosophy abroad is the highest level in the academic career of a scientist and is an analogue of the academic degree of a Russian doctor.

Academic degrees in Russia are understood as a two-stage gradation of stages of an academic career. List of species in ascending order of Russian scientific levels:

1. PhD;
2. Ph.D.

Conditions for awarding a degree

Currently, competition for the degree of Candidate of Sciences, as well as competition for the degree of Doctor of Sciences, is carried out by defending an independently conducted dissertation research by speaking before the dissertation council. It is created under the leadership of the Higher Attestation Commission at a university or other institution. Each dissertation council usually works with no more than three specialties. It consists of at least 19 people, more than half of whom are employees of the institution at which it was created. Only doctors of science can be members of the dissertation council.

The defense of a dissertation for a candidate or doctorate does not have to be from the same field in which the applicant has an education, since this is not regulated by the special Regulations governing this activity.

There is no specific list of industries prohibited or permitted for protection, for example, for a candidate of economic sciences. It is possible for him to obtain degrees in every industry he chooses. As an example, a graduate of the Institute of Legal or Social Sciences in technical specialties can also find success and defend a dissertation. In practice, it often happens that a graduate of the Faculty of History becomes a candidate of physical and mathematical sciences and subsequently builds a career as a mathematician or engineer.

Required condition is that the author of a dissertation for a degree at any level must provide a diploma of higher professional education.

What is not an advanced degree?

The meanings of the concepts of academic degrees and titles differ significantly from each other, although they are often confused. Titles mean the position of a specialist or teacher at a university and other scientific organizations, a qualification level in the career of a scientist. These are an associate professor and a professor. They are awarded for life for scientific and pedagogical merits to specialists from universities and other organizations specializing in science, based on documents provided by these organizations.

Participating in the awarding of academic titles are: Higher Attestation Commission And Ministry of Education. Only the title of Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences is awarded Russian Academy of Sciences To.

After a certain title is awarded, a certificate is issued.

Associate professor and professor are not only academic titles; positions in universities are named similarly, but they are not the same thing. Often, the position of a teacher depends on the type of academic level. As a rule, a specialist who holds the position of teacher and has a candidate of science degree is appointed associate professor, and specialists with a doctorate degree most often occupy fairly large positions and are professors. At the same time, teachers who have not yet received such a title can receive the position of associate professor or professor. After working in a certain position for some time, they can be promoted to the corresponding rank. It also happens the other way around: an employee with a high rank occupies a lower position.

Academic degrees in universities

In 2015, the Government of the Russian Federation launched a project according to which a list of universities was approved that can independently award their own academic degrees. Currently it includes about 60 higher educational institutions, which relate to:

• National Research Universities;
• Federal universities;
• Universities from the “5-100” program.

These universities must necessarily meet the high quality of pedagogical and scientific work and have at least one dissertation council. This means that not all educational institutions have such an opportunity. The first universities included in this list are St. Petersburg State University and Moscow State University (examples of names: Candidate of Sciences from Moscow State University, Doctor of Sciences from St. Petersburg State University). The first candidate of science at St. Petersburg State University was Bakhtiyor Alimdzhanov with a dissertation in history in January 2017. The rest of the educational institutions included in the list can conduct their first defenses only from September of this year.

The successful implementation of this project is necessary to increase the prestige of Russian science among developed world powers.

INTRODUCTION

1. ACADEMIC DEGREES……………………………………………………..2

2. ACADEMIC RANKS……………………………………………………….....7

3. POSITION OF BACHELOR AND MASTER DEGREES IN RUSSIA……………………………………………………………………...8

4. WHY DO YOU NEED AN ACADEMIC DEGREE……………………………………………………….9

6. NOMENCLATURE OF ACADEMIC DEGREES……………………………...11

7. HONORABLE DEGREE……………………………………………………12

8. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………….12

9. LIST OF REFERENCES……………………..…13

Introduction

Academic degrees and titles are a qualification system in science and higher education that allows ranking scientific and scientific-pedagogical employees at individual stages of their academic career. Currently, in the Russian Federation, academic degrees of candidate and doctor of sciences are awarded and the academic titles of associate professor and professor are awarded (by department, by specialty). The academic title of associate professor is assigned, as a rule, to candidates of science, and the academic title of professor is assigned, as a rule, to doctors of science.

1. Academic degrees

Academic degrees awarded in different countries vary significantly in titles, qualification requirements, award and/or approval procedures.

In the USA, Great Britain and a number of other European countries that have joined the Bologna process, the nomenclature of academic degrees is being harmonized, suggesting the establishment of uniform requirements for three degrees in each field of knowledge:

bachelor or licentiate

Bachelor (from the Latin baccalarius - “young man”, in turn from the Latin bacca lariu - fruit of the laureate) is an academic degree or qualification awarded to students after mastering the basic training program. It first appeared in medieval universities in Western Europe. In Russia, this level of training was introduced in 1993. The standard duration of the bachelor's training program (for full-time study) is 4 years. The qualification is awarded based on the results of the defense of the final work at a meeting of the State Certification Commission and gives the right to admission to the master's program. After December 31, 2010, bachelor's and master's qualifications will become the main qualifications for applicants to Russian universities.

master's degree

Master (from Latin magister - mentor, teacher, leader) is the highest academic degree, qualification (in some countries - an initial academic degree) acquired by a student after completing a master's degree (mastering a special training program). Master's degree is a stage of higher professional education, following the bachelor's degree, which allows you to deepen specialization in a certain professional area. In 1993, the term “master” returned as a qualification for graduates of educational institutions of higher professional education. The position of master's programs in the modern Russian education system is dual. On the one hand, this is a system of advanced training for bachelors and specialists, on the other hand, the “master” qualification is equal to the qualifications of university graduates. The standard duration of the master's program (for full-time study) is 2 years. However, the student must first complete a bachelor's (4 years) or specialist (5 years) training program. The qualification is awarded based on the results of defending a master's thesis at a meeting of the State Attestation Commission and gives the right to enroll in graduate school. After December 31, 2010, bachelor's and master's qualifications will become the main qualifications for applicants to Russian universities.

Doctor of Philosophy (here philosophy means science in general, and not philosophy itself; in parallel, there are similar degrees of Doctor of Law, Medicine, Theology, etc.)

Doctor of Philosophy (lat.Philosophiæ Doctor, Ph.D., PhD, usually pronounced pee-ah-dee) is an academic degree awarded in many Western countries. The actual analogue of the academic degree “Doctor of Philosophy” in the Russian education system is the academic degree “Candidate of Sciences”. The qualifying work of the degree applicant is a doctoral dissertation (English Ph.D. Thesis) Despite the name, currently the degree has no practical relation to philosophy (historical only) and is awarded in almost all scientific fields, for example: Doctor of Philosophy in literature or Doctor of Philosophy in physics. This situation is associated with traditions dating back to the times of medieval universities, the standard structure of which usually included faculties of philosophy, law, theology and medicine. Therefore, in addition to the Doctor of Philosophy degree, there are a limited number of other doctoral degrees of the same rank; Doctors are awarded the degree Doctor of Medicine, lawyers - Doctor of Laws, theologians - Doctor of Divinity, and everyone else - Doctor of Philosophy.

In Russia, the system is currently mixed: partly the new system is used with the graduation of bachelors (4 years) and masters (6 years), partly the old one with the graduation of certified specialists (5 years). Instead of the highest single Western degree of doctor (philosophy, etc.), the German-style system inherited from the Soviet Union is used, in which there are two degrees:

PhD

Candidate of Sciences - first-level academic degree (doctor of science) in the USSR, the Russian Federation and a number of CIS countries. Established by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated January 13, 1934. In Russian universities, a candidate's degree is one of the sufficient conditions for participation in the competition for the position of assistant professor. Award procedure: in Russia, the academic degree of Candidate of Sciences is awarded by the dissertation council based on the results of defending a candidate's dissertation. Then the Higher Attestation Commission of Russia decides to issue a candidate of sciences diploma.

Scientific branches:

Candidate of Architecture (Arch.)

Candidate of Biological Sciences (Ph.D.)

Candidate of Veterinary Sciences (PhD)

Candidate of Military Sciences (PhD)

Candidate of Geographical Sciences (Ph.D.)

Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (PhD)

Candidate of Art History (Ph.D.)

Candidate of Historical Sciences (PhD)

Candidate of Cultural Studies

Candidate of Medical Sciences (PhD)

Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences (Ph.D.)

Candidate of Political Sciences (Ph.D.)

Candidate of Psychological Sciences (PhD)

Candidate of Agricultural Sciences (PhD)

Candidate of Sociological Sciences (PhD)

Candidate of Technical Sciences (PhD)

Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences (PhD)

Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (Ph.D.)

Candidate of Philological Sciences (PhD)

Candidate of Philosophical Sciences (PhD)

Candidate of Chemical Sciences (PhD)

Candidate of Economic Sciences (PhD)

Candidate of Legal Sciences (Ph.D. in Law)

Ph.D

Doctor of Sciences is an academic degree of the second, highest level (after Candidate of Sciences) in the USSR, Russia, a number of CIS countries and in some former socialist countries. In Russian universities, a doctoral degree is one of the sufficient conditions for participation in the competition for the position of professor.

Scientific branches:

Depending on the specialty in which the doctoral dissertation is defended, the applicant is awarded one of the following academic degrees:

Doctor of Architecture (Doctor of Arch.)

Doctor of Biological Sciences (Doctor of Biological Sciences)

Doctor of Veterinary Sciences (Doctor of Veterinary Sciences)

Doctor of Military Sciences (Doctor of Military Sciences)

Doctor of Geographical Sciences (Doctor of Geographical Sciences)

Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences (Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences)

Doctor of Art History (D.C.)

Doctor of Historical Sciences (Doctor of Historical Sciences)

Doctor of Cultural Studies

Doctor of Medical Sciences (MD)

Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences (Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences)

Doctor of Political Science (Doctor of Political Science)

Doctor of Psychological Sciences (Doctor of Psychology)

Doctor of Agricultural Sciences (Doctor of Agricultural Sciences)

Doctor of Sociological Sciences (Doctor of Social Sciences)

Doctor of Technical Sciences (Doctor of Technical Sciences)

Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences)

Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (Doctor of Physics and Mathematics)

Doctor of Philological Sciences (Doctor of Philological Sciences)

Doctor of Philosophy (Doctor of Philosophy)

Doctor of Chemical Sciences (Doctor of Chemical Sciences)

Doctor of Economic Sciences (Doctor of Economics)

Doctor of Law (Doctor of Legal Sciences)

In this case, the degree of Candidate of Sciences is awarded by the dissertation council and approved (a decision is made to issue a diploma of Candidate of Sciences) by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, and the degree of Doctor of Sciences is awarded by the Presidium of the Higher Attestation Commission based on the petition of the dissertation council.

To obtain the degree of candidate or doctor of science, it is necessary to prepare a dissertation and defend it at a meeting of the dissertation council. Academic degrees appeared in the USSR in 1934 (introduced by the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR “On Academic Degrees and Titles” dated January 13, 1934, which actually restored the academic degrees that previously existed in pre-revolutionary Russia). The largest number of candidates and doctors of sciences are in technical, medical, physical and mathematical sciences.

The analogue of the academic degree of Candidate of Sciences in most countries is the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D., pronounced “pee-ah-dee”; not to be confused with Doctor of Philosophy) and numerous (but more rarely awarded) degrees equivalent to it. An approximate analogue of the academic degree of Doctor of Science in countries with a “single-stage” system of academic degrees is the degree Doctor of Science (D.Sc.), in countries with a “two-stage” system (for example, in Germany) - a habilitation doctor.

Means receiving the title of the same name with this position for the period of labor relations. However, in the modern Russian Federation (Russia), an academic title is lifelong, but is awarded only after completing the required length of service in a position of the same name (or equivalent) and fulfilling a number of other formal conditions.

Academic titles in Russia

Current state

Currently (2019) in Russia two academic titles are awarded: “Associate Professor” and “Professor”. These terms are generally accepted shortenings of the full names of titles indicating the field of activity: “associate professor in such and such a specialty,” or “professor in such and such a specialty,” or “professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences / Russian Academy of Education in such and such a department.” Other titles and concepts related to persons employed in the scientific and educational field (Doctor of Science, corresponding member, researcher, assistant and others) are not academic titles.

Changes in recent years

Until the end of 2013, academic titles were awarded associate professor at the department And professors at the department(mainly to employees of higher educational institutions, including part-time workers), associate professor in specialty And professors in specialty(mainly to research institute employees involved in personnel training). Until 2002, research institute employees could also receive the academic title of senior researcher (sns), the requirements for applicants of which did not include teaching experience; it now corresponds to an associate professor in the specialty.

Since December 2013, the titles of professor and associate professor are awarded only “by specialty”; existing titles are equivalent to them. At the same time, the procedure became more complicated. Thus, one of the mandatory conditions for conferring the title of professor is now having held the title of associate professor for at least three years (previously, the academic title of professor could be awarded to persons who did not have the title at all before).

Until the end of 2013, the Higher Attestation Commission (HAC) under the ministry called the “Ministry of Education and Science”, then the ministry itself, dealt with the consideration of certification cases of title applicants. At the same time, the term “Ministry of Education and Science” changed its meaning in May-June 2018: if before this time it was so designated, then on May 15 this ministry was reorganized, and from June 18 the abbreviation “Ministry of Education and Science” officially began to refer to the newly created Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.

Introduced in 2015 honorary academic title“Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS)”, awarded - with an age limit - for merits in scientific activity. It is assigned not by the control and supervisory authorities of higher education, but by the Presidium of the Academy. The achievements of holders of this title as researchers are usually higher than that of the average university professor, but their teaching experience may be limited. In 2016, a similar title appeared in RAO.

History of academic titles in Russia

Academic titles in the Russian Empire

The only academic title in the Russian Empire was, introduced by the Charter of 1804, the title of emeritus professor, given after 25 years of service at the university, usually before retirement. The title of emeritus professor provided a lifetime pension.

In the scientific and educational system of the Russian Empire, structured according to the German model and taking shape at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries, there were teaching positions of adjunct, extraordinary professor and ordinary professor. Later, from 1863, full-time associate professors were introduced instead of adjuncts, and in 1884 they were renamed privat-docents. The position of an ordinary professor corresponded to the head of the department, and that of an extraordinary professor corresponded to that of a professor; A doctorate was required to hold these positions. Adjuncts, or associate professors, were assistants and deputy professors; Initially, individuals from among the students became adjuncts, but since 1835 the requirements for them were increased to having a master's degree, similar to the current candidate of sciences.

The names of the above-mentioned positions were not used as “academic titles” in those years in Russia, except for colloquial use. Instead, the role of “ranks” of university teachers and researchers was played by certain ranks within a single system - the Table of Ranks. When occupying a teaching position and receiving a doctorate degree, the corresponding rank was awarded:

Academic titles in the USSR

Academic titles and degrees in the USSR were reintroduced by a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars in 1934. The gradation system in terms of academic titles was more extensive than today, and included 6 titles, three each for universities and research institutes: the university title of professor in a research institute corresponded to the title full member research institution, the rank of associate professor is senior researcher, and the rank of assistant is junior researcher. Thus, at this time, a completely parallel system of three gradations of academic titles was in effect in the country’s scientific and educational institutions: in scientific research institutes - junior, senior researcher, full member of the institution; in universities - assistant, associate professor, professor.

Subsequently, the titles of full member of the institution were no longer awarded (not mentioned in the “Regulations on the procedure ... for assigning academic titles”, approved in 1975), then junior research fellow and assistant (not in the “Regulations” of 1989, put into effect on July 1, 1990 .) and - already in the post-Soviet period - senior researcher (absent in the 2002 “Regulations”).

The titles of junior researcher and assistant were similar in terms of qualification requirements and did not require the applicant to have an academic degree. In the 1930s, these titles were awarded to individuals who had successfully completed graduate school and were conducting scientific or educational work, but later the requirement to complete graduate school was abolished. Unlike the titles of professor, associate professor and senior researcher, approval of the academic title of assistant or junior researcher was formalized by order of the head of the university/research institute without the participation of the USSR Higher Attestation Commission, and certificates certifying the assignment of these academic titles were not issued.

Academic titles in religious educational institutions

Foreign academic titles

General characteristics of the situation

The rules for conferring academic titles vary from country to country and are often based on national traditions, although steps are being taken towards unification. Unlike Russia and the countries of the former USSR, in most countries there is no clear distinction between positions and titles of the same name: for example, hiring an employee to the position of professor in an educational institution simultaneously means receiving the title of professor. What is common is the strict differentiation of degrees from titles - an academic degree documents an employee’s qualifications, and a title reflects his compliance with a specific scientific and pedagogical position.

The names of titles in many countries repeat the terms associate professor and professor adopted in Russia - with different definitions: “honored”, “full”, “ordinary”, “associate”, etc. In a number of countries, academic titles are also considered assistant, lecturer, postdoc At the same time, an “associate professor” roughly corresponds to a Russian associate professor, and an “assistant professor” is simply a research fellow without a title. Quite detailed lists of academic titles are available in the English and Italian sections of Wikipedia.

Recognition of foreign titles in the Russian Federation

Informally establishing the correspondence of the professional level of title holders from different countries is difficult, since each country has its own “strong” and “weak” institutions, and qualifications are also individual. Much more informative in this sense is the Curriculum vitae of a particular scientist.

On the legal side, recognition in the Russian Federation of titles received abroad is carried out either in accordance with international treaties on the mutual recognition of documents on academic degrees and academic titles, or in accordance with the order of the Government of the Russian Federation “On approval of the list of foreign educational organizations and scientific organizations that issue documents from foreign states on academic degrees and academic titles recognized on the territory of the Russian Federation.” If foreign academic titles do not fall under the terms of the above-mentioned agreements and orders, the issue of recognizing foreign academic titles is decided on an individual basis (before its reorganization in 2018, this was dealt with by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation).

see also

Notes

1. On the procedure for conferring academic titles (undefined) . Website “Documents of the Government of Russia” (December 10, 2013). Retrieved October 1, 2017.
2. Federal Law No. 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation” (as amended and supplemented), clause 11 of Art. 108 (undefined) (2012).
3. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation N 1258 “On approval of the Procedure for establishing incentive payments...” (undefined) . Rossiyskaya Gazeta – Fed. issue No. 5687 (14) (2012).
4. (undefined) (1992).
5. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 15, 2018 N 215 “On the structure of federal executive bodies” (undefined) . Russian newspaper (May 15, 2018). Retrieved May 16, 2018.
6. On approval of the Regulations on the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation
7. Regulatory documents on the title “Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences” and on the Coordinating Council of Professors of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian).
8. Order on the establishment of the honorary title “Professor of RAO” (undefined) . RAO website. Retrieved February 20, 2018.