How civilians should behave during armed conflicts. Beginning of the war
If, during the events and unrest, you decided to flee, then I will try to briefly outline your chances. In a city like Moscow or London, there is very little chance of survival. There is no sufficient supply of food in the cities and no one will distribute it in case of unrest. Food is only available in shops and food bases (you can forget about them, troops or bandits will appear there right away).
It makes sense to buy food on the first day, when they are still on sale; Then the shops will close and the staff will start stealing everything. If the moment with the “purchase” has been clicked, then we’ll pick up the gun and go “privatize”. I advise you to get more than one neighbor to do this for you, firstly, you will take away more food, since you still need someone to cover you from the same thugs who meet you inside or on the way back; Secondly, firepower your smoothbore is somewhere around zero and an extra pair of barrels won’t hurt, but remember, if you gather too many people with you, then you are a “group target”, and it will be very sad to “share” the swag (3-4 people, more no need to take it with you).
Of course, you should have supplies of water and food in your apartment. The water situation is even worse; there will be no supply. If the water from the tap disappears, you have a toilet tank. DON'T YOU DARE FLOW THIS WATER! It is no different from tap water, just a riser with cold water. And this is to live for a week and not bother (well, not to die, that’s for sure). If possible, then put a couple of canisters in your teeth and “gut” the gas station. Fuel and lubricants are very important. But remember, you can’t keep him in the apartment. Vapors are highly flammable. Make a cache, preferably in the attic, in the basement people will hide from shelling.
They are unlikely to kill you. On " muddy water“Nobody wastes ammunition on people without weapons. Of course, this is not a reason to go for a full-length walk before bed, but remember that you are not the #1 target. As the experience of the city of Grozny has shown, it is quite possible to fight in full force the men completely ignore the locals, they just have no time for them. Of course, the “fool” can always fly in, especially at dusk, but it’s still not that bad.
Remember that you should not be located next to a television center or an infrastructure facility, and, of course, if people with weapons entered the apartment and “informed” you that they now have a machine gun crew here, then you tell them “OK, settle down,” and leave. No “This is my property, I’m not going anywhere” - this is a bullet in the forehead right away, they have no time for you, if you interfere, you’ll get killed. Leave even if they don't ask. Since their opponents can “cover” your apartment at any moment, and they will not shoot stones from slingshots.
It’s better not to jump in front of the hospital either. The parties to the conflict will take the wounded there, perhaps they will try to win back this strategic building. There will be gunfire. In the event of bombing, someone will certainly miss the hospital, don’t even doubt those who wrote Geneva Convention, usually not in GT, which makes its compliance somewhat conditional. Like in "Pirates" Caribbean Sea“: “This is not a set of laws, but rather a set of rules that are desirable to be followed.”
Remember, as soon as such a mess begins, your property no longer exists. And I don’t advise it to arise too much. You need to kill if someone puts their hands on your food and water. Everything else is nonsense. If you exchange a car for an automatic weapon room the nearest police station - then you are a great fellow. Even if you exchanged a new Mercedes for a used AKSU and only 2-3 stores, then you are still a great fellow. You don't need the car anymore. You will not be able to leave the city 100% on it, but the desire to shoot at you will be very serious. While you are in the city, I do not advise you to wear camouflage clothing, otherwise you may get caught.
So, what have we now predicted? In our city "X" street fighting began. We made the decision, due to circumstances or for tactical reasons, to stay in the city (although this is a bad idea, almost always). We know that you can start robbing stores already on the second day, there are weapons at the nearest police station, there is some water in the toilet tank (if you get a couple of bottles of drinking in the store - even better), your property is no longer there, the person with the weapon is always right, there where there is a person with a weapon - there should not be you, who dresses like a military man - fights (even if he doesn’t want to), a cache with fuel and lubricants is a big plus (fuel and lubricants, by the way, can become a currency commensurate in liquidity with weapons and ammunition), to important objects We don't even come close.
And here's another thing. NEVER GO ANYWHERE JUST SO, ESPECIALLY “TO SEE WHAT IS THERE.” In urban combat, many things are done “quietly,” using the reconnaissance and sabotage method. Any reconnaissance group, seeing you, will 100% go and cut you down. In films they point the finger “quietly” and move on. IN real life you will be killed on the spot. Their survival and completion of the task depends on the absence of witnesses. Moreover, a group that has taken a position in a maneuverable urban battle will do the same if you “illuminate” their positions and move on. Even a machine gun crew at an intersection that has just “dug in” will not have warm feelings towards you. So if they notice you from afar and beckon you to “talk” with their finger, turn around and run as fast as you can. Guys can smile, look friendly, entice you with swag - come up and everything will change. Locals often have to be “worked off” if they get caught along the way. So we don’t ask questions, we don’t get out of our “shell” once again.
If, due to circumstances, you missed the moment of the start of active fighting, this is very bad, but it does not mean that you are doomed. You can always leave the city. Here, regardless of the situation, there are two points. First: moving around the city, second: passing through the cordon. There are ring roads around large populated areas - this is the main problem.
Motorized riflemen on boxes will take the city into a ring in a few hours, moving on smooth asphalt. If this happens, then immediately discard all thoughts of “slipping through unnoticed.” Any “incomprehensible” movement is, in combat conditions, immediately a turn, and Golden Rule“I don’t see, I don’t shoot” often doesn’t work. We are going to the cordon to surrender in good faith. But we haven’t gotten to that point yet...
Yes, here's one more thing: DO NOT GET IN THE CAR!!! Any transport in the city will be fired upon 100%.
So, we have with us a backpack with swag necessary for survival, ideally a small-sized weapon (aksu + pistol), and another small bag that duplicates the main backpack, only on a much more modest scale (for example, in your backpack you have food for three days, and in the bag for another day, etc.). Keep the bag close to the body and do not remove it. It is very important to take with you separately, even in shorts, all the jewelry you find.
Cover the backpack with a white sheet and secure it to it. This is necessary so that any soldier who spots you (and there will be many of them, and don’t even hope to pass through the city unnoticed) sees that you are a CIVIL and does not decide to “open” their position for your sake. You will be guided through the sights and you will move on. Of course, you are not marching along the main avenue, but there is no need to cover yourself in mud, a la Schwarzenegger - they will herd you and shoot you, because they will not understand who and what you are. Accordingly, you are not wearing camouflage.
You are a civilian and must look like a civilian, with a white backpack, like a white flag, otherwise they will shoot you. You must show with all your appearance that you are not of interest, you are simply leaving. Of course, you have a weapon with you, but you don’t carry it over your head, but hide it. Pistol in pocket (cocked). If you got hold of a machine gun (ideally an axu), fold the butt and hide it under your jacket. I advise you to remove the fuse on the machine immediately, it can be hard and you can get confused. The cartridge is in the chamber, of course. There should not be any bulky things on your chest, at most a hidden machine gun - if you have to fall, you will lie on some kind of bag that will lift you above the ground, it will be easier to hit you.
If a person with a weapon is heading straight towards you, you stop and “without tricks”; his comrades are in position. He will most likely gut you for swag, if he wanted to shoot you, he would have already shot you. If he takes away your backpack, you give it back (we would have given it back anyway at the exit from the city, at the cordon), ask him to leave you a sheet (you will throw it on your back) and a bag (the small one in which we duplicated everything in smaller quantity). This is a purely psychological moment, we calmly give away big things and ask them to leave small things for us, as a rule, people agree, this was our expectation from the very beginning. No one will let you leave with a bunch of swag, everyone needs it.
As for the speed of movement, if you walk around the city 10–15 kilometers a day, then this is an excellent speed. Remember that you will not go straight, but will wind your way through neighborhoods, as they will walk local fights. Accordingly, if according to the map there are 10 kilometers from your home to the Ring Road, this does not mean that you will cover them in a day. Go during the DAY. They usually move at night, but any fool who moves at night - 10 out of 10 will get a bullet. We walk during the day with a white sheet, we give up, we will hide - we will gather fire on ourselves.
You reach the cordon or barrage cordons, throw off the pistol, and with your hands raised high, actively demonstrating in your voice that you are here, showing a white rag, you are going to the soldiers. You don’t go anywhere, you go to a checkpoint or control point, if necessary, walk 200–300 meters to it with your hands raised. The point is that the post is equipped for “reception” and the soldiers feel more comfortable there, and therefore there will be less desire to shoot. They start harassing you. You have already thrown off your weapon, you are a “quiet man in the street”, an officer will come out to you. Most likely, some lieutenant, no older. This means that there is no need to be particularly servile to him. You offer to exchange valuables for the “right of passage.” Of course not in front of subordinates. If everything went well, then you left the city.
Along the way, you will 100% lose almost all your swag and all your weapons, having spent 1-2 days traveling a ridiculous distance. AND THIS IS NORMAL. The ringed city is a huge camp of prisoners. You can give anything just to get out. Because hunger will begin inside and soon enough.
So, we walk carefully, but do not hide like “scouts.” We are dressed like civilians and have a white rag on our backs (from the front it will be clear that you have no weapons, but from the back it will be unclear about the weapons, you need to be on the safe side). We have a little bag of vital swag. There is jewelry (gold) as currency. Weapons, which we do not forget to part with before we approach the military at the post (if they accept you with a weapon, it will be difficult to explain that you are a civilian; you will either be recorded as a deserter or disguised as an enemy). If you left the city half empty for 1-3 days, moving from area to area, then this is normal.
From personal experience: regular peanut Snickers are very nutritious. 6 double Snickers is the daily kcal requirement for a man. It may not work to heat the food (most likely). Snickers is certainly not a buffet, but the war is on, don’t be picky in terms of food. The Snickers theme was honestly stolen from the Chechens. They fight on them. You can have a snack right along the way, it’s very good topic, with sugar, glucose lifts your mood (considering that you will be in a terrible psychophysical state - glucose comes in handy).
The main thing is to understand that the guys with machine guns are very dressed up and they are being shot at. It's very easy to give them a reason to shoot at you. So be careful and don't show off. Simpler face, agree to everything.
So, now I will very briefly tell you where and why you need to dump. Remember, up to this point we have specifically analyzed the CRUEL SCENARIOS. Now we will do the same. I do this on purpose, “why?”, I think there is no need to explain.
So, the most bad option: we found ourselves outside the city almost without food and weapons. Ideally, each of you should take a map in advance (now) and scatter several places on the map where you can retreat. NO HEROES! Let the foam go away, and then you’ll figure out where and what’s happening. You must choose places according to the CARDINAL DIRECTIONS. A simple example: St. Petersburg. Most likely, there will be no need to step back to the West. There is no point in going to the South either. You will go either to the North, to Karelia, or to the East to the Novgorod, Tver, regions. With Moscow, approximately the same, North (Arkhangelsk direction) or East (Ural ridge).
Remember: DO NOT approach military installations! The idea that “our own soldiers” at a base in the region will be received and fed is stupidity. In the BEST case, the officers will send you away, they have no time for you, this is not a refugee reception center. But what the bombing of the object can begin is objective reality. Also, don’t forget the following point: now the urgent care is carried out “near” the house. If a “mixture” has begun, it is better not to even imagine what is going on in the minds of the military, whose relatives and friends may still remain in the city. Remember, everyone is human. The military is just as worried, nervous and freaked out as all ordinary people. But they do it with weapons in their hands. So the idea that “soldiers will help” is not a good one.
In general, according to your mind, you should have a “house in the village”, in which in the underground there is a cache of stewed meat, canned food, water, medicine, etc., where you should retreat. The Chechens did just that, went to villages and villages. But we proceed from the worst-case scenarios, since many do not have such real estate.
So, it’s easier for me using the example of St. Petersburg. I'll figure it out on the map now. So, for each direction we must have a MINIMUM of two places. Near and far. For a loved one, I recommend using any tourist campsite near a small settlement. If you have previously been outdoors near a lake or river, for example at a barbecue, then it is quite possible to go there. Firstly, you will know what to expect. Be aware of the availability of drinking water and food there. Secondly, you know the place. This will greatly support you psychologically. Refugees are a very sad picture, it’s hard to look at them. But the “herd” exodus of refugees may not be organized by anyone, and you will end up leaving alone and without a final point where “some” red cross will accept you. Most likely, this will happen, don’t even doubt it.
The first serious “philanthropists” appeared in Chechnya after the first war. For two years, civilians were left to their own devices. So we have two points near the city. Now we need two points for a “deep” retreat. If we retreat to the North, then I would suggest the Solovetsky Monastery (on an island in the White Sea). There is a village there. Rabocheostrovsk, it has a ferry crossing. Of course, no ferry will run anymore, but at the river station you can always “privatize” a rowing boat. The White Sea is relatively calm. It’s possible to swim across (it’s difficult - but it’s possible, you have no more reasons to whine, so let’s row). In the East, I would retreat to the Iversky Monastery in the Tver region. It is also located on a small island in the middle of the lake. There are food warehouses and factories nearby (along the M10 highway).
Why monasteries? They will not be bombed first (this does not mean that the list of targets will not change in the second stage). Yes, here’s another thing: leave the thought of Christian virtue right away. No one is waiting for you there and you will not be welcome. You are going there to actually be sold into slavery. If you work for them, do housework, guard or do anything else, they will feed you. You go and say right away: “I am a strong, healthy man, I will do any work for you, for food.” Forget about the moral responsibility of priests to the laity right away, and it’s better not to even open your mouth about this.
Of course, everything is conditional. You can choose another place. But the main principle is: your property is no longer there, you are quite happy to be in a semi-slave position if they feed you. By the way, the absence of your property also means that no one else has it. Anyone who cannot protect his property with a weapon does not have property. This is for discussion: how to get vehicles.
Of course, no public transport no longer exists. The advantage for us is that now we can get into the car. The car can be “privatized” or found abandoned. There is no need to touch an abandoned car with an empty tank. You won’t be able to get the fuel and lubricants, and even if you push it, you won’t get anywhere at the gas station. Once you get your hands on a car, hang it with white rags, ideally make a “cross” on the roof with red tape (this is not a panacea, they bomb other vehicles too, but there’s a greater chance that they’ll target you).
If everything worked out, then you have a roof over your head, a job, food and people to talk to (this is also important). Now you can wait a week or two, see what’s happening, assess the situation in the country and make a further decision.
Now there is a little cynicism. If you have a convoy from your family, you are dead. If you have a family, then you must leave the city and find yourself in the country (with supplies of food and water) in the very first seconds, as soon as people on the streets began to swear about the Great Poo. If you do not have positions for retreat and have a “convoy”, you are a walking two hundred, and so is the convoy. Don’t be stupid, get ready in advance, you need to TAKE your loved ones SOMEWHERE. And they must have food. Then do whatever you want. If you want, go back and fight, if you want, go back and go to the clubs while your wife is “on potatoes.” But the main thing is to think about them in advance, then it will be too late. Everything that I have said up to this point is all for “loners” who have nothing to lose. If you have a family, prepare in advance. As history has shown, family more expensive than the Motherland, at the first stage at least.
The situation may develop such that you, by chance or some other circumstances, find yourself on the territory of military operations. Passengers of a crashed or downed airplane, helicopter, sea vessel or other vehicle may find themselves in this situation. This situation poses a very great threat to human life. If you are a soldier, you have certain skills and therefore have a better chance of survival. If you are a member of the civilian population, your life depends solely on your personal courage, ability to navigate the situation, knowledge and adherence to survival methods.
And even if you are a direct participant in hostilities, then even more so, in addition to the oath, the banner of your country and the names of the enemies of your homeland, you must also remember about self-preservation. Death in a dashing attack is wonderful, but for the Motherland it is still better for enemy soldiers to die. The following discusses individual survival techniques in combat conditions, as well as elements essential for self-preservation general tactics infantry units.
Responding to sudden danger
The reaction to sudden danger must be specially trained until the ability to act thoughtlessly and very quickly is achieved. If you hear a shot, the whistle of a bullet, or the sound of a falling object, you need to lie down or jump for cover. If there is a bang (the sound of a tearing chemical projectile), it is better to quickly put on a gas mask and only then begin to clarify the situation.
If a flash of bright light appears in the sky, you need to turn away, lie down or jump for cover, cover your neck with your collar, hide your palms under yourself and prepare for the passage of the blast wave. If someone points a weapon at you, you need to attack this person immediately - while he himself has not yet gotten used to the situation.
Disguise
Location, state, movement, intentions are masked. The following types of camouflage are known:
- Creating false targets: several objects similar to it are added to weaken or reduce the likelihood of a strike on the real target.
- Copying the characteristics of a foreign object: the shape and coloring of the target are modified in such a way as to pass it off as a less attractive object.
- Dissolution in the environment: the target is endowed with signs of the environment.
- Moving out of sight: the target is hidden behind uneven terrain or behind some objects.
- Interference with surveillance: a smoke screen is launched, radio interference is generated, etc.
- False movement: a small amount troops and vehicles simulates the redeployment of larger forces.
- False presence on the spot: more people than usual are secretly placed in vehicles, and their presence is simulated at the previous location of these people.
- Feint Attack: Fighting begins in several locations, with some of these locations serving only to divert enemy attention and forces.
Even not very complex and not very diverse riddles make it difficult for the enemy to navigate the situation if they are created in large numbers. When the enemy gets used to a certain method of deception, you can deceive him by simulating this method of deception.
Shootout
When shooting with a single enemy, you need to keep in mind that he can:
- simulate ammunition depletion;
- simulate surrender;
- create false target, for example, using your headdress;
- by throwing an object to the side to provoke a shot or distract attention;
- get around you and attack from the other side.
To get close to an enemy who is shooting at you, you need to use short dashes from cover to cover, and in open areas, run in zigzags. In addition, it is also good to shoot at the enemy - to make it even more difficult for him to aim. When you are on open area If possible, you should be turned sideways towards the enemy, even if you are shooting from two pistols at once. If you can get between the enemy and a source of bright light (the sun, headlights on), this should be used. An enemy who must die must be killed immediately - without torturing him and without explaining why you are going to take his life. Otherwise, an unfavorable turn of events is possible.
Sniper protection
A sniper is not so much a sharp shooter as a lone hunter who can wait for a very long time and motionless in an ambush. A sniper can be targeted not only near the line of combat contact, but also in the shallow rear. To prevent this from happening, you must avoid open spaces, and if there is no way to get around them, move quickly and without stopping. Outside of cover, you should not stay in one place (stand, sit), as snipers prefer stationary targets. If a sniper has his sights set on an opening in a wall or parapet through which someone might be looking out, he is able to hit the target even if a head only appears in that opening for a second. Snipers love to shoot those who pick up the wounded. They can specifically aim at the first victim’s leg so that the wounded person remains alive for a long time and calls his comrades for help.
Intrusion into premises
When invading a room, you should expect danger from all sides: the enemy can hide in a corner or under the ceiling, wait behind the door or behind a shelter located in the back of the room, or enter the room after you. If possible, you should invade simultaneously from several directions at once. It is necessary to break in without warning or after a distracting action. Move quickly, overwhelm the enemy with loud commands, neutralize him before he gets his bearings in the situation. An attempt to shield yourself at the initial moment with a captive accomplice of the enemy (to push him into the room first) may end with him shouting a warning about the danger. It is better to first throw a grenade into the room. If the enemy is ready to attack, he keeps the site of a possible invasion at gunpoint. It may well be that he prepared some surprises for the intruders: a barricade, a mine, or at least a brick over the door.
When invading a group, you must distribute areas of responsibility - in accordance with a preliminary agreement or according to the usual rules worked out in exercises: if the first one to break into the room rushes straight, then the second one - to the right, the third - to the left, the last one covers the rear. Don't forget about the enemy's accomplices who may appear behind you.
Neutralization
A captured enemy should first be thoroughly searched. To do this, he is forced to stand facing the wall and lean his hands on it, or kneel down and keep his hands on the back of his head, or lie on his stomach on the ground (on the floor). The goal is to make it difficult to maneuver, see, and suddenly use weapons hidden under clothing. It is better not to approach a captured enemy alone.
Appearances can be deceiving. It is partly possible to assess a person's physical capabilities by looking at his hands: if they are large and, moreover, with calluses on the first joints of the fingers, one should assume that in front of you is a strong opponent, perhaps trained in hand-to-hand combat techniques. To limit the enemy’s mobility, tying hands, removing a trouser belt, shoe laces, cutting off buttons on pants, and applying a tight blindfold are used. To completely immobilize the enemy, you can pull the tied legs to the hands tied behind the back.
Unit in battle
A unit in attack or retreat under heavy enemy fire moves in alternating short dashes. The benefit of short runs is as follows. To accurately shoot at a moving target, it takes at least two seconds of time, and if each dash lasts only a few seconds, the enemy does not have time to accurately aim at the running person before he already lies down and the next one begins to move. We must be guided by the rule: lie down and crawl away, since the enemy notices where the visible target has disappeared and fires at it first, or at least takes aim and waits. In battle, the enemy strives to hit first of all those soldiers who have the most effective weapon(machine gun, grenade launcher, etc.) and who occupy the most dangerous positions for him, as well as signalmen and officers. For this reason, junior officers (platoon commanders) die more often than their soldiers. Recruits are approximately five times more likely to die than soldiers who have been shot at, so the most important thing is to survive the first battle.
Attack
It is believed that when attacking an entrenched enemy, no less than a threefold superiority of forces is needed, and the losses of the attacker are approximately three times greater than those of the enemy.
Therefore, a frontal attack should be avoided whenever possible and used only under conditions of surprise or immediately after a powerful attack on the enemy’s position with heavy weapons. A frontal attack can be supplemented by infiltration, attack on the flank, encirclement, landing tactical landing from helicopters behind enemy lines. Seepage - hidden passage small groups through enemy battle formations to capture important objects or attack from the rear.
For an attack, a unit can be divided into two groups, one of which moves forward, and the other covers it with fire from a suitable position. An infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) on the battlefield is disabled by the enemy within minutes - unless careful tactics are used. The infantry fighting vehicles should advance behind the infantry chain at a distance of about 50 meters, dash from cover to cover and support the chain with machine-gun fire. The tank is not much more durable and must move in the infantry line or close to it (ahead or behind). The retreating enemy can lay surprise mines on the move - for example, mine specially left “trophies”. A common technique is mining corpses.
There are commanders who, for careerist reasons, do not strive to protect the lives of their subordinates. If these are junior officers, they risk getting a bullet in the back from their own soldiers in battle, but senior officers usually get away with such behavior with impunity.
There are military personnel who are determined to die in battle for their homeland or are simply overly eager to attack, forcing others to take inappropriate risks and causing unnecessary losses. It is better to bring them together in special units and used for actions that do not require endurance and calculation, but you can easily become heroes.
Defense of position
A platoon (3 squads of 8 people each) defends a strong point up to 400 m along the front and up to 300 m in depth (including reserve positions), with gaps between squads of up to 50 m. For timely detection of the advancing enemy in front, in the rear, on the flanks exhibited military outpost(posts remote from the main positions) or at least careful observation of the ground enemy is organized. It is also necessary to continuously monitor the sky and the “chemical” situation. Spare and decoy positions are equipped. The following must be ensured:
- disguise;
- simulating the presence of significant forces in false positions;
- protection against heavy weapons;
- visibility of the area adjacent to the position from different parts of the position;
- the ability to move around the position;
- the possibility of retreat, going on the attack.
When preparing a position, you should make maximum use of the terrain features. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the possible reasoning of the enemy. If some object looks like good cover for shooters, and the enemy has heavy weapons, he will try to destroy this cover before attacking. After he fires at this shelter, it is possible to repel the attack
really take what's left of it. If the terrain is such that the enemy has the opportunity to approach covertly, then it is necessary to either deprive him of this opportunity (destroy possible cover, move forward military outposts), or change position.
Digging in
Even a depression in the ground that partially hides a soldier makes him less vulnerable. Therefore, if a soldier lay down during a battle and further promotion impossible or not required, it
must start digging in. A sharpened mining shovel is a vital tool.
First, a shallow depression for the body is torn off. Further, this hollow deepens to the size of a “shooting cell”. Later, neighboring cells are connected by communication moves. How much time
The unit takes up a position, the excavation work has been going on for so long. If the position is fully equipped, preparation of the spare begins.
Movement
A unit on the march sends out an advance guard, a rearguard, and side patrols. These detachments, in turn, can allocate smaller forces from themselves to the forward guard.
Unusual objects found on the road may be booby traps. Both the road itself and the adjacent strip of territory can be mined. A directional fragmentation mine can be installed at a distance of 10 meters or more from the road. If the enemy has created rubble, but there is a passage through them, then he may have been mined, or shot from heavy weapons, or covered by an ambush.
The action of snipers against a column is very effective, especially if the sniper position is separated from the road by a minefield and is located on a ridge or on the edge of thickets.
Attacks on convoys usually occur in chokepoints (difficult to maneuver) and/or where the curve of the road makes it impossible for those coming behind to observe and provide fire support to those in front (and vice versa). Areas adjacent to the road may be previously mined. The column's path forward and backward is blocked, and then destroyed. An attack can also occur on a flat, open area if there are convenient positions for shooting at the column and for retreating 50...100 meters from the road.
The most risky time is just before dusk, since it is advantageous for attackers to use the darkness to retreat. To avoid a serious attack, the column must pass the most dangerous places in small groups. Continuous radio communication must be maintained with the convoy so that assistance can be provided in a timely manner in the event of an attack. Units allocated to provide assistance if necessary must be ready.
Actions at night
Human eyes have two modes of operation - daytime vision (color) and night vision (black and white).
It takes approximately 20 minutes in the dark for your eyes to adjust to night vision. Meanwhile, one flash of bright light is enough to sharply reduce the acuity of night vision. This is the basis for the use of phosphorus grenades and blinding spotlights.
Red light does not interfere with night vision. Therefore, for example, on submarines when night hunting turn on red lights in the control rooms or put on red glasses.
In the dark, a combat clash with friendly units is possible. To avoid this, directions, lines, and flanks are marked with missiles and tracer bullets. Your soldiers and combat vehicles may be marked with white signs during the night attack.
Action in the desert
War in the desert is primarily a war of engines. Since there are no good covers, the one who can move the fastest usually wins. The main protected resources in the desert are roads and water sources. Fighting are focal in nature. Every position is equipped for all-round defense. When using horses, it should be taken into account that they better than people They tolerate thirst and can go without water for two days. Camels can survive without water for up to 15 days. The temperature inside combat vehicles can rise to 70 degrees during the day, so all movements are best done at night - when the heat subsides and observation from the air becomes difficult. It should be borne in mind that at night in the desert, sound travels over very long distances.
In the desert, the use of aviation against ground targets is especially effective. Staff vehicles, tanks, various self-propelled units become convenient targets for missiles. Means of defense against aviation are dispersal and camouflage. Mirages introduce errors into observations. A daytime attack is more effective from the direction of the sun.
Personal weapons must be protected from sand getting into them. To do this, you can wrap cloth, etc. around the barrel opening and the bolt area.
Actions in the Arctic
In the summer in the Arctic, the main protected resource is roads; in winter - shelters from the cold and supplies of motor fuel. The main problems in summer are midges and viscous soil.
Actions come down to battles small units. At severe frost surprise attacks become especially effective since the bulk of the defending soldiers leave their positions and warm themselves in shelters.
The attacking side will seek to destroy objects such as radar stations, radio relay points and space communications, anti-missile systems, oil and gas pipelines, sea berths, railways. Basics weapon- aviation using high-precision air-to-ground missiles. A landing is unlikely. For operations against infantry, helicopters are most effective. Tanks and various self-propelled guns will be used little.
In winter, rivers and lakes turn into convenient routes for armored vehicles and suitable landing sites for aircraft. Using frozen waterways may be limited to the installation of minefields and landmines on the ice. Great importance has protection from air surveillance. To hide movements, you can make them during not too strong snow storms.
Actions in the mountains
F. Engels writes (article “Mountain War Before and Now”):
« In this type of war (i.e. in the mountains), the offensive has a huge advantage over the defensive. This means (...) that defense should not be only passive, it should draw its strength from maneuverability and, wherever conditions allow, the defenders must act offensively. In alpine areas almost
serious battles are impossible; the whole war is a continuous chain of small skirmishes, attempts by the attacking side here or there to wedge into the enemy’s position and then move forward.”
"Force firearms, on which defense is mainly based, is largely weakened in mountainous areas. Artillery is almost useless, and in cases where it is used seriously, it is usually abandoned during the retreat.»
Napoleon on the movement of troops in mountainous areas:
“Where a goat can go, a man can go; Where a man goes, there a battalion goes, and where a battalion goes, there goes an army.”
Key objects during military operations in the mountains are roads, mountain passes, tunnels, bridges, settlements, as well as the heights dominating these objects. Since the choice of routes is very limited, ambushes and high-explosive mines pose a great danger. Explosions may cause landslides, rockfalls, and avalanches.
There may be strong updrafts and downdrafts that are hazardous to helicopters. Shortwave radio communication becomes difficult. Poisonous substances can stagnate in gorges, caves, and tunnels. In the mountains, the role of weapons that can act as a canopy increases: mortars, grenade launchers, howitzers. Troop control is being largely decentralized. It is recommended to carry out the attack along the ridges (along their slopes), avoiding gorges. Every position is prepared for all-round defense. The defense is not built continuously, but in the form of interacting strongholds located on dominant heights.
In thin air, the trajectory of a bullet becomes flatter. This must be taken into account when sniper shooting long distances. Thin air also makes it difficult for internal combustion engines to operate. Because of this, for example, the carrying capacity of helicopters is reduced. Very high altitude Only helicopters specially adapted for this may be used.
Actions in the forest
In forested areas, secrecy of maneuver is greatly facilitated, so ambushes, detours, infiltration to the rear pose a significant danger, and combat guarding, including directly behind the main position, becomes especially important.
Edge, clearing - comfortable spot for sniper hunting. When attacking an enemy entrenched in a forest, the ledges of the forest are captured first to prevent shelling from the flanks. If the outcome of a battle in the forest is unsuccessful, every soldier has the opportunity to personally escape - by camouflaging himself in branches, a hole, thickets, or by infiltrating through the enemy’s position. Accordingly, any occupied forest area cannot be considered completely free of hidden enemy soldiers. When toxic substances are used, their dispersal by wind occurs much more slowly in the forest than in open areas. In dry summer there is great danger forest fires.
Jungle action
Fighting in the jungle is carried out using ambushes, patrols and raids. Key objects are settlements, roads, airfields, river beds, hills. A unit that comes into contact with the enemy pins down his forces, and other units move forward to encircle him. Every position is equipped for all-round defense. The most dangerous direction is being mined. Tanks are used to hold roads.
Fighting in the city
Offensive
It is recommended to bypass and isolate built-up areas by seizing communications. When advancing within densely built-up areas, the most effective action is carried out by small groups of infantry (platoons, squads) supported by a tank, armored personnel carrier, or cannon. Combat control is decentralized.
Capturing key points is difficult and of little use: on the approaches to these points, advancing columns are shot from grenade launchers, the units that occupied these points are cut off, and the fact of occupying key points does not produce a suppressive effect on the enemy. The offensive in the city should be carried out in a continuous front and be accompanied by a thorough clearing of the occupied territory from sabotage groups, as well as further blocking and additional combing of its areas due to the danger of the penetration of new saboteurs.
Military equipment is introduced into the city only with strong infantry support and only in those directions in which multi-row movement and maneuvering is possible. On a narrow, densely built-up street, damage to the first and latest cars in a column blocks an entire column. It is possible for soldiers to infiltrate through underground communications - drains, heating mains, etc., as well as movement on roofs and attics - in dense buildings. In areas with dense buildings it can be used high explosive charges to collapse the walls of buildings on the advancing enemy. There is a danger of being used by the enemy civilians as a “human shield” when advancing or retreating.
After mastery locality the bulk of the troops must leave it immediately, because it becomes a convenient target for enemy aircraft and artillery.
Defense
At every position held, a perimeter defense is established. Buildings that are attractive to attackers are mined. Low-power mines can be installed - triggered, for example, when doors are opened. Measures are being taken against fires that could hamper defense. Destroyed bridges can be additionally mined to make their restoration more difficult. Mobile defense can be used - separate groups of 3...5 people, including a grenade launcher and a sniper. Groups attack suddenly from the rear and flanks - one at a time or together, often change positions, and quickly retreat.
Weapons of mass destruction
The commands “Gas”, “Flash from the left” (from the right, from behind, etc.) are given not by the commander, but by the first one who noticed the danger. At the command “Gases,” you need to hold your breath and close your eyes, put on the gas mask by touch (it should be placed in an accessible way), and exhale sharply to remove contaminated air from under the mask. Long hair and a beard can cost lives. If you don’t have a gas mask, any damp cloth will do, for example, the bottom of an overcoat, soaked in a puddle or even in your own urine. Poisonous gas lasts longer low places: trenches, craters. Therefore, while in a trench, you should not take off your gas mask, even if you can already do without it in open space. On the command “Flash there,” you need to turn in the opposite direction and lie down, raising your collar and hiding your hands under your head. Even better is to take cover behind an obstacle that will not be destroyed or moved by the blast wave.
Bombardment
In combat, the hardest thing for the psyche is to come under a massive air strike or a bomb attack. Some soldiers go crazy in this situation. If the department is targeted shooting, you should first of all disperse. If several shells from a single gun explode on different sides of a certain position, then this may be zeroing in or there is dispersion during firing, which means that the next shell will most likely hit this position. It is believed that a shell and a bomb usually do not hit the same place twice, and therefore being in a crater created by an explosion is less dangerous than being in a trench. This is true only with consistent continuous cultivation of the territory. During prolonged massive shelling of the area from long distance any point in this area has the same probability of being hit by the next projectile. If shots are fired from one gun without changing the sight, then a fresh crater from a shell from this gun is even more vulnerable than any place further away from it. During bombing, you should cover your ears with your palms and your mouth
keep open - to preserve eardrums. After several shellings, one acquires the skill of approximately determining by the sound of a flying projectile the place of its impact and the radius of scattering of fragments. For shooting or target designation, the enemy can use targets - smoke bursts.
Hand to hand combat
IN hand-to-hand combat a sharpened sapper blade can be more effective than a bayonet, because it allows you to deliver slashing blows. A slashing blow is stronger and faster than a piercing blow. It's harder to defend against. (Also, the sapper blade is a good throwing weapon.) If the bayonet has teeth for use as a saw, it can get stuck in the opponent's ribs, so a blow to the stomach with such a bayonet is preferable to a blow to the chest. The following attacks using a rifle (machine gun) are possible:
- butt: straight (in the face, in the stomach), from below (in the stomach), from the side (on the head);
- bayonet: straight, in an arc (in the face, in the neck);
- store: direct (in person).
Defense against blows inflicted by a rifle (machine gun) consists of dodging them, blocking them with the movement of your own weapon, as well as intercepting the enemy’s weapon and snatching this weapon from his hands.
To protect against the impact and piercing movements of enemy weapons, you can, as a last resort, use a belt stretched between your hands.
Mines
M25 (USA)
- high-explosive (that is, when ruptured, it does not form fragments);
- body material: plastic (not detected by mine detectors);
- diameter: 3 cm;
- length: 9 cm;
- actuation force: 10 kg;
- action: hurts the foot.
M16A1 (USA)
- fragmentation;
- triggered when a tensioned wire (about 10 m long) or pressure rods touches;
- is shot at chest height of a walking person and explodes;
- case diameter: 10 cm;
- fragment damage radius: 20 m.
M67 (USA)
- has the shape of a quarter cylinder;
- fired in a cassette projectile;
- after falling to the ground, 7 thin probes extend from the body, when touched, the fuse throws the fragmentation element to the height of the head of a walking person, where the main explosion occurs;
- after a set period of time, the mine that did not work will self-destruct;
- fragment damage radius 7 m.
M18A (USA)
- has the shape of a curved plate; 700 steel balls are pressed into the plate on the concave side;
- case dimensions: 21.5: 365: 9 cm;
- damage radius: 50 m in a sector of 60 degrees;
- installed on four legs 35 cm long;
- explodes remotely by an observer or when touching a tensioned wire;
- can be placed on a short distance away from the path along which enemy soldiers are expected to move;
- considered most effective against infantry and was widely used in Vietnam.
SB33 (Italy)
- high explosive, jumping; triggers when pressed - not instantly -
- sure, and after some time sufficient for
- so that the person who steps on her removes his foot; or
- triggers when the leg is released (removed from it);
- case diameter: 9 cm; height: 3.2 cm;
- material: plastic with an uneven surface of a protective color - for camouflage;
- scattered on the surface of the earth, for example, from a helicopter;
Laying anti-personnel mines
The simplest mine is made from a grenade, attached in such a way that some movement leads to the pulling out of a pin with already weakened antennae or to the release of the trigger lever, which is no longer held by the pin. In the first case, a disguised, tensioned wire is usually tied to the check. To make it difficult to detect fragmentation mine, it can be placed on a tree.
Mines can be installed remotely connected to each other: detonation of any of such mines leads to detonation of the others, and explosions cover large territory. Since soldiers usually do not move alone, there may be many people in the affected area.
If some engineering structure must be undermined so that the advancing enemy does not use it, it can be mined - in order to simultaneously destroy both the structure and the enemy soldiers who will examine it or try to use it.
A mine placed near a road can be disguised as a roadside stone, a piece of wood, or a fencing element. It is possible to install mines on the banks of reservoirs and under water - to be triggered when crossing or while swimming. It is possible to use mines against low-flying and hovering helicopters. The explosion is initiated by devices that react to the vertical movement of air from helicopter rotors. Any find (a weapon lying on the ground, a magazine with ammunition, etc.) can be mined. Often corpses are also mined so that those who want to remove them will be blown up.
Anti-personnel mine explosion
If a soldier discovers that he has touched (stepped on) an object that may turn out to be a mine, he has a split second to warn his comrades, rush to the side and lie down. Usually it is not possible to escape, but you have to try.
Mine clearance
Mine sweeping (neutralization) can be carried out by explosion. The explosion creates excess air pressure, which simulates the pressure of a foot on a mine. An electronic mine fuse can be programmed to fire not at the first contact, but after a certain number of them. Such a mine will not be neutralized by a single explosive trawling. The fuse of some mines (for example, SB33) does not work due to excess air pressure, that is, minesweeping by explosion is not applicable to them. There are mines that react to ground shaking from the steps of a person passing nearby. They do not work when a car or, for example, a cow passes. Livestock, hostages, and prisoners are sometimes used for trawling.
Factors dangerous in combat conditions
In combat conditions, the following circumstances are dangerous:
- Privacy: A lone soldier is a convenient victim for a sniper and saboteur.
- Cluster: Many soldiers in one place - a convenient group target for powerful weapons.
- Neighborhood with ammunition: may explode.
- Neighborhood to an important facility: You can get hurt if it is bombed.
- Open space: There is nowhere to hide in case of shelling.
- Rare position changes: The enemy scouts the location and takes aim.
- Slow movement: the enemy can catch up, get ahead; in slow moving vehicle easier to shoot or throw a grenade.
- Straight-line movement, regularity movements: the enemy can predict the future location and set up an ambush.
A soldier sleeping in the bushes may be accidentally crushed by a combat vehicle.
The greatest danger in a combat zone comes from mines, snipers, and unsuitable drinking water. Any road that was calmly walked yesterday can today be targeted by a sniper or mined. Any source of water can be poisoned or contaminated. Poisoning (contamination) of sources with stagnant rather than flowing water is more likely. A source of flowing water can also be infected with cholera.
In addition to mines, non-explosive destructive devices are used. These can be camouflaged holes with stakes driven into the bottom and pointed at the top, boards with nails protruding from them, hidden at the bottom of reservoirs in shallow places, falling and swinging loads, piles of stones barely holding on to a steep slope, etc. In areas where travel routes are limited (in the mountains, swamps, dense forest) such devices can be effective.
Internal secrets in relation to survival can be useful and harmful. Harmful ones are those for the sake of obtaining which the enemy can capture and torture, and for the sake of preserving which they can kill their own. It is better to stay away from such secrets. It is better to agree to be initiated into uncomfortable secrets only if significant compensation is offered for this. Useful secrets are things that bosses hide from their subordinates so that they, for the sake of self-preservation or a sense of justice, do not disrupt the implementation of their plans. Since in combat conditions you can easily get rid of any person, you should not make enemies among the military personnel of your unit. If you cannot comply with this rule, you will have to take the following safety measures:
- Leave less of yours weapon and cartridges for it unattended.
- If the weapon was left unattended, check the condition of its barrel and magazine.
- Do not move alone, out of sight of your comrades.
- In battle, stay as far away as possible from those who do not like you, or at least do not get ahead of them.
- Try to irritate your ill-wishers as little as possible.
Hygiene in combat conditions
Non-combat losses in war are higher than combat ones. These are losses from infections, frostbite, and accidents. The most common diseases of military personnel:
- dysentery, typhoid fever (consequences of drinking dirty drinking water);
- relapsing fever, typhus (consequences of the presence of lice) - trench tularemia (consequence of proximity to rodents)
- abrasions;
- furunculosis (a consequence of dirt on the skin and hypothermia);
- panaritium (a consequence of contamination, damage and hypothermia of the hands);
- tetanus;
- fungal infections of the feet;
- pneumonia;
- measles, rubella;
- frostbite;
- trench gangrene (a consequence of hypothermia of the legs);
- venereal diseases;
- gastric diseases (gastritis, ulcers);
- avitaminosis.
Of course, illness (followed by evacuation to a hospital) eliminates the danger of being maimed or killed in battle, but if a unit operates at a distance from rear facilities, it can become a direct or indirect cause of death.
Whenever possible, you should wash and update your underwear. To prevent scuff marks on your neck, you can wrap it in a scarf made of soft fabric. To avoid scuffs and calluses on your feet, you should wear shoes a size larger, keep your feet dry, carefully wrap your footcloths and do not be lazy to rewind them if you notice any discomfort. Thick woolen socks are, of course, better than foot wraps, but when they wear out or disappear, foot wraps will become their only replacement. At the first sign of abrasion or calluses, you should take protective measures: eliminate the cause, cover the affected area with a plaster.
To keep your feet dry, you should have at least two spare pairs of foot wraps or thick socks. You can dry them in the field and on the march in a backpack or on your body under outerwear. When drying things over a fire or on a hot engine, you should be very careful not to burn things. You should also have a change of underwear and several handkerchiefs with you. For drinking and brushing your teeth, use only disinfected water.
Survival in someone else's war
Many wars (civil, guerrilla) are waged by a very small part of the population, with greater or lesser indifference of the rest, who continue to do business as usual.
Large enterprises in the country are deteriorating, but small businesses are even intensifying. Military clashes occur in the midst of “peaceful life.” Power in part of the territory belongs to the commanders of amateur armed groups. If there is a need to stay in the zone of action of armed detachments, you must adhere to the following rules.
- Clothing should be worn dark colors , worn out, not attracting attention, not arousing envy. It should in no way resemble a military uniform, so khaki and especially camouflage are not suitable. Gray, brown, blue will do - without shoulder straps and without a belt.
- There should not be any inscriptions on clothes, stripes, badges, since someone capable of attacking may see in them an ideological meaning hostile to themselves and become irritated. It is even more dangerous to openly wear any religious symbols - a cross, etc.
- Women better dress themselves up as unobtrusively as possible: wear baggy clothes that cover almost the entire body, and do not wear makeup.
- Money, documents, it is better to keep the notebook separately: this way there is a greater opportunity to save something from this set.
- must be small in size, table type, with a rounded end.
- Shouldn't argue with the local population on conflict topics: one must remain silent or moderately assent.
- If armed people drew attention to you, do not try to hide, but rather come up first and say something friendly or neutral.
- In their presence don't take pictures and do not make recordings without their permission.
- Don't be curious, since you will be suspected of being a scout sent by the enemy.
- If you spotted a moving car or a flying helicopter, it is better to take cover in advance - so as not to be fired upon.
- Shouldn't run away, since this awakens suspicion and hunting excitement among armed people.
- The most aggressive and annoying teenagers (13...18 years old). They strive for achievement, look for enemies and love to check documents. You should not treat them like juniors, as they really want to be taken seriously.
- If there's street shooting If you find you indoors, it is recommended to turn off the lights and lie down on the floor. If they shoot shells, you need to try to put more walls between you and the shooters. The best thing is to take refuge in indoors, for example, in the bathroom, or even getting into the bathtub. When this is impossible, you should not only lie down, but also cover yourself or shield yourself with objects that can protect against shrapnel and ricocheting bullets (if the room has concrete walls, a bullet flying into it can bounce off them several times before it loses its destructive power).
- If at the start of shooting If you find yourself on the street, you should not try to hide behind cars or kiosks, as they are the first to be shot at. The car is a very weak obstacle to bullets and also has a gas tank that can explode. If it is not possible to quickly reach shelter, it is recommended to simply lie down and not move. A sidewalk curb, a light pole, a concrete trash can, or a porch step may be an acceptable means of bullet protection.
- Until the fight is over, do not rush to help the wounded, no matter how loudly they call, as you may become a target yourself. A peaceful appearance, a red cross sign, a white flag do not protect, since people in an excited state shoot at everything that moves.
- When near moving military vehicles It must be borne in mind that military drivers are not very accustomed to following the rules traffic and besides, they are confident (not without reason) of their impunity if they hurt or crush someone. In addition, drivers armored vehicles visibility of the nearby space is difficult, and if they are also wearing headsets, then someone’s scream or other sound signal they are unlikely to be heard.
- Should not be picked up from the ground any finds: lighters, pens, books, bags, etc., as they may contain explosive devices. An explosive device does not need to be large and powerful: it is enough if the explosion tears off the victim’s fingers or knocks out an eye. You should also avoid kicking objects lying on the ground.
- Rob, beat, kill without long conversations they can high probability representatives of any of the conflicting parties: they are exhausted, irritated, obsessed with revenge, do not like those who do not strive to become one of them, they suspect everyone of hostility and are looking for someone to discharge their anger on. Some of them took up arms because of a pathological tendency towards violence.
1. Do not wear military clothing. You cannot wear anything in camouflage color. If you think that this greenish clothing will make you less noticeable in the grass or under trees, the opposite is true. Under no circumstances should you be mistaken for military personnel. Any military man or person in camouflage is the main target in war.
2. Don’t wear expensive, bright things. Putting on your own expensive thing in the wardrobe, you can take it with you, but you will endanger yourself. Marauders and robbers during military operations first of all pay attention to expensive equipment, clothing, and jewelry. Try not to attract their attention once again: it is not known what is more important to them - your life or your ring.
3. Don't hide under tall building to hide from bullets. These buildings are visible and can be a target for shooting. It is advisable to avoid places that are economically attractive to raiders: gas stations, food warehouses, shopping centers. All these buildings are often the second target for shelling after military installations. It is better to hide in the greenery, it is difficult for snipers to see.
4. Do not take several bags. Luggage should not weigh more than 10 kg per person; it is better for children and elderly people to take even less things. Bulky things make movement very difficult and, again, attract the attention of the marauder, and will also become an additional flickering object for the sniper. The most important thing that should be in your luggage is a first aid kit, the necessary set of medications, means to help stop bleeding (tourniquet), and pain relievers. For example, in the case of the death of Channel One cameraman Anatoly Klyan, the operational first health care could have saved his life. In addition, you should always keep an “alarm backpack” at the exit: it should contain a pack of sugar, black tea, a spoon, a fork, a knife (it’s better to take a folding one so that the border guards don’t confiscate it from you as a bladed weapon), matches and a bottle of vodka ( primarily for disinfection, in extreme cases as a pain reliever, if nothing else is at hand), 1.5 liters of water, a warm blanket and dryers (they are cheap and have a long shelf life). It would be a good idea, if you are walking with a backpack, to wrap it in a white sheet so that it is clear from afar that it is not a weapon. Your hands should always be visible; do not hide them in your pockets, so that no one will think that you are hiding a weapon.
5. Don’t go without documents Some people think that one of them might not like something in the documents. warring parties, so they simply don’t take their passport with them or driver license. In fact, the lack of documents raises much more questions than any marks in the passport. In addition to documents, it is important to have with you either a token with the blood type number, or, if this is not possible, write the blood type in your passport on any page - this will significantly increase the chances of salvation if you are injured. Children also need to hang some kind of “amulet” on their wrist or neck indicating their blood type.
6. Do not run from the military. You must follow the orders of any people in camouflage uniform, even if it is not clear to you what kind of troops they are. For the simple reason that they are armed. Don’t argue, the military may consider you provocateurs, intelligence officers, whatever. Make it clear that you are not a participant in hostilities on any side, you are a civilian. It would also be a good idea to show all the documents, including real estate rights, for example, in order to completely dispel all doubts.
7. Do not cross the border or drive through the territory in jeeps, trucks or minibuses. Firstly, according to the rules of war, all such equipment is confiscated. Be prepared for this. If this is your personal jeep, or Hummer, or other large car, it will most likely be confiscated at the first checkpoint, no matter which side. The difference will be in the form of treatment: they will harshly take it away from you or ask for it in the interests of the homeland. If the vehicle has an identification mark: White flag, for example, a sign that there are children in the car, any symbols like a logo of any music group, - then all this can be misinterpreted by armed people. A simple sticker can be mistaken for the logo of a group, party, or underground organization. Don't take risks.
8. Do not move at night Some people hope that it is easier to cross the border or get to the right place. This is not true: at night they shoot at everyone indiscriminately. Any suspicious noise can be mistaken for enemy actions and fire can be opened to kill.
9. Don’t shy away from contacts with other people who surround you. Mutual assistance is a mandatory phenomenon in war. It is better to know everything about your random travel companion, or at least the most necessary: blood type. It wouldn’t hurt to say the same to your travel companion or partner; knowing minimal information about you (blood pressure, allergies to medications) will greatly help doctors in emergency situation. This is especially true for journalists - they are required to have badges. Moreover, almost always a couple goes out - a correspondent and a cameraman/photographer, they must know each other’s blood type, each must have a first aid kit, they must be able to provide it.
10. Don’t neglect your knowledge of the language. You definitely need to know a minimum set of phrases in the language of any of your opponents. For example, how to say “I am a civilian/journalist, I do not have a weapon.” This can save lives in some cases, especially if you speak the language of another language group: the military will not be able to even approximately understand whether you are threatening them or coming in peace.
Number of impressions: 673
See also Spetsnaz.org.
You cannot wear anything camouflage-colored. If you think that this greenish clothing will make you less noticeable in the grass or under trees, the opposite is true. Under no circumstances should you be mistaken for military personnel. Any military man or person in camouflage is a prime target in war.
2. Don’t wear expensive, bright things
If you put on the most expensive item in your wardrobe, you can take it with you, but you will put yourself in danger. Marauders and robbers during military operations first of all pay attention to expensive equipment, clothing, and jewelry. Try not to attract their attention once again: it is not known what is more important to them - your life or your ring.
3. Don't hide under a tall building to avoid bullets.
These buildings are visible and can be a target for shooting. It is advisable to avoid places that are economically attractive to robbers: gas stations, food warehouses, shopping centers. All these buildings are often the second target for shelling after military installations. It is better to hide in the greenery, it is difficult for snipers to see.
4. Don't bring multiple bags
Luggage should not weigh more than 10 kg per person; it is better for children and elderly people to take even less things. Bulky things make movement very difficult and, again, attract the attention of the marauder, and will also become an additional flickering object for the sniper.
The most important thing that should be in your luggage is a first aid kit, the necessary set of medications, means to help stop bleeding (tourniquet), and pain relievers. For example, in the case of the death of Channel One cameraman Anatoly Klyan, prompt first aid could have saved his life.
In addition, you should always keep an “alarm backpack” at the exit: it should contain a pack of sugar, black tea, a spoon, a fork, a knife (it’s better to take a folding one so that the border guards don’t confiscate it from you as a bladed weapon), matches and a bottle of vodka ( primarily for disinfection, in extreme cases as a pain reliever, if nothing else is at hand), 1.5 liters of water, a warm blanket and dryers (they are cheap and have a long shelf life).
It would be a good idea, if you are walking with a backpack, to wrap it in a white sheet so that it is clear from afar that it is not a weapon. Your hands should always be visible; do not hide them in your pockets, so that no one will think that you are hiding a weapon.
5. Don’t go without documents
Some people think that one of the warring parties may not like something in the documents, so they simply do not take their passport or driver’s license with them. In fact, the lack of documents raises much more questions than any marks in the passport.
In addition to documents, it is important to have with you either a token with the blood type number, or, if this is not possible, write the blood type in your passport on any page - this will significantly increase the chances of salvation if you are injured. Children also need to hang some kind of “amulet” on their wrist or neck indicating their blood type.
6. Don't run from the military
You need to follow the orders of any people in camouflage uniforms, even if you do not understand what kind of troops they are. For the simple reason that they are armed. Don’t argue, the military may consider you provocateurs, intelligence officers, whatever. Make it clear that you are not a participant in hostilities on any side, you are a civilian. It would also be a good idea to show all the documents, including real estate rights, for example, in order to completely dispel all doubts.
7. Do not cross the border or drive through the territory in jeeps, trucks or minibuses
Firstly, according to the rules of war, all such funds are confiscated. Be prepared for this. If this is your personal SUV, or Hummer, or other large car, it will most likely be confiscated at the first checkpoint, no matter which side. The difference will be in the form of treatment: they will harshly take it away from you or ask for it in the interests of the homeland. If there is an identification mark on a vehicle: a white flag, for example, a sign that there are children in the car, any symbols such as the logo of any musical group, then all this can be misinterpreted by armed people. A simple sticker can be mistaken for the logo of a group, party, or underground organization. Don't take risks.
8. Don't move at night
Some hope that in the dark it is easier to cross the border or get to the right place. This is not true: at night they shoot at everyone indiscriminately. Any suspicious noise can be mistaken for enemy actions and fire can be opened to kill.
9. Don’t shy away from contacts with other people around you
Mutual assistance is a mandatory phenomenon in war. It is better to know everything about your random travel companion, or at least the most necessary: blood type. It wouldn’t hurt to say the same to your travel companion or partner; knowing minimal information about you (blood pressure, allergies to medications) will greatly help doctors in an emergency. This is especially true for journalists - they are required to have badges. Moreover, almost always a couple goes out - a correspondent and a cameraman/photographer, they must know each other’s blood type, each must have a first aid kit, they must be able to provide it.
10. Don’t neglect your language skills
You definitely need to know a minimum set of phrases in the language of any of your opponents. For example, how to say “I am a civilian/journalist, I do not have a weapon.” This can save lives in some cases, especially if you speak the language of another language group: the military will not be able to even approximately understand whether you are threatening them or coming in peace.
The Lugansk Regional Health Center has published tips for Lugansk residents that will help protect themselves and their loved ones during hostilities.
So, shelling (from Israelis trained since childhood):
On the street. Lie down on the ground if there is any ledge (even a sidewalk, a curb - then next to it), a ditch, any ledge or depression in the ground. If there is some kind of concrete structure nearby, lie down next to it. You need to lie down to reduce the chance of getting hit by fragments.
None of this will help if there is a direct hit, but it will reduce the chances of a shrapnel wound. The fragments fly upward and tangentially. If a person is standing, there is a greater chance of being in their way than if he is lying down. Naturally, you should try to be indoors, not outdoors.
In the house. If the house has a basement, go down to the basement. If there is no basement, go down to the lower floors. The lower the better. Ideally, everyone should be on the first floor. Find the innermost room in advance, the more concrete around, the better (find load-bearing walls), if all the rooms are external, go to the landing. Under no circumstances should you stand in front of windows! If you know which side the shelling is coming from, then choose the most remote room on the opposite side. In the place that will be chosen - sit on the floor near the wall - the lower the person is when the shell hits, the greater the chance that he will not be caught by a fragment.
In the cellar. Cellar in private houses - take into account that it can be filled up! Therefore, leave a large, conspicuous poster in the house in a visible place: “during the bombing we are in the cellar” and indicate where the cellar is located. Take phones, battery-powered radios, water with you. Don't panic.
In car. When you are driving in a car during a bombing or shelling. You have a better chance of surviving if you stop and lie down. Not near the car! If they hit you, it will hit the car first, and if it hits it, it will explode along with the person. You need to get out, preferably from the side opposite from the shelling, and crawl further away, then lie down.
No one can guarantee the protection of your home in troubled times. Walk around the apartment and look at familiar things from the other side - home furnishings can be useful for protection from attacks by looters. Look at the angle of fire from the windows. Beware of marauders. Usually these are loners who are driven to robbery by hunger or a thirst for easy money. However, there may also be entire gangs that are able to masquerade as police. One family cannot resist them, so team up with your neighbors. Please note that marauders can send women and children on reconnaissance.
Place your most valuable items and documents in easy-to-carry packaging and be prepared to evacuate;
Start searching for and arranging a shelter. This could be a cellar made of bricks with a reinforced roof. An emergency exit, a suitable place for a toilet, a water bottle, and a ventilation system are required. You can also use a basement for shelter, in which you need to find a place for a toilet and water storage.
Keep drinking water in large flasks. There must be separate dishes for this. Do not rely on the water supply, which can be seriously damaged during bomb attacks.
Start searching for food. After home food supplies run out, you will have to look for food, so you need to create a supply of water and food in advance;
Under no circumstances should you:
* when you hear shooting, approach the windows;
* open doors and gates without inspecting the surrounding area to detect tripwires;
* observe the conduct of hostilities, film them with photo and video equipment, run, or stand under fire;
* conflict with armed people, use army uniforms as clothing, demonstrate weapons or objects similar to them, including to children;
* touch found weapons, ammunition, military equipment, etc.
Chemical and bacteriological attack
Do not panic. When reporting the danger of chemical or bacteriological contamination, follow the measures provided.
Put on personal respiratory protection (cotton-gauze bandage of 6 layers) and simple skin protection; - If possible, leave the area of chemical contamination immediately.
If there is no personal protective equipment and it is impossible to leave the accident area, stay indoors and immediately and securely seal the premises! Close windows and doors tightly, chimneys, ventilation hatches, seal cracks in window and door frames, turn off gas and electricity sources and extinguish the fire in stoves. Wait for emergency communications from authorities via communications. Wood and aluminum windows, which are made with high quality and according to European quality standards, resist such attacks very well.
Know that lethal effect specific toxic substance per person depends on its concentration in the air and duration, so if it is not possible to leave the danger zone, do not panic and continue to take safety measures.
Quickly assemble Required documents, valuables, medicines, food, drinking water and other necessary things in a sealed suitcase and prepare for evacuation.
Warn your neighbors that the evacuation has begun. Provide assistance to children, disabled people and elderly people. They must be evacuated first.
When leaving the premises (apartment, house), turn off the sources of electricity, water and gas supplies, take prepared things, put on protective equipment.
Leave the zone of chemical contamination in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the wind and go around tunnels, ravines, hollows - there may be a high concentration of a toxic substance in the lowlands.
Avoid any physical activity, drink plenty of fluids (tea, milk, juice, water) and contact a medical facility.
After leaving the infected area, remove outer clothing, thoroughly wash your eyes, nose and mouth, and if possible, take a shower.
After a biological alarm, do not eat fruits and herbs from the garden, food displayed for sale outdoors, and do not drink well water or tap water. In an unprotected place, stay upwind towards the infected area, try to find shelter as soon as possible. You need to move quickly, but do not run or raise dust, do not touch surrounding objects, or step on drops of liquid or powdery deposits of unknown substances along the way.