How the interparliamentary union was created. Inter-Parliamentary Union - Parliamentary diplomacy Special and working committees and commissions
The meeting of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), the oldest parliamentary organization, which includes 170 countries, will be held in St. Petersburg in 2017.
Russia is thus entering new international platforms that do not depend on the United States and its Western partners.
The decision to hold a meeting in Russia by the member countries of the organization was made almost unanimously at the 135th Assembly of the IPU, held in Geneva.
“In essence, the IPU reflects the spirit of the world order, which is based on the principles of equality, respect for each other’s sovereignty and interests. It is this order that Russia, like many other states, strives for.”", - said the Chairman of the Federation Council, speaking at a meeting of the governing council of the Ministry of Railways."
At the same time, Matvienko promised to host all 170 IPU member countries in St. Petersburg without any restrictions from the Russian side.
At the same time, the Ukrainian side has traditionally spoken out against Russia.
Even before the start of the meeting in Geneva, a letter was sent to all countries demanding that they not allow the IPU session to be held in St. Petersburg, said the chairman of the Federation Council Committee on International Affairs Konstantin Kosachev.
“Ukrainians are actively working here at all possible levels. The issue of holding the assembly, including discussion of the letter, was discussed in detail at a meeting of the IPU executive committee before the session.”, - the senator explained to Izvestia.
As a result, the letter was ignored. But this did not stop Ukraine, which, after the vote, turned to the leadership of the assembly with a request to reconsider the decision already made.
Representatives of Kyiv stated as an argument that Russia behaves like an aggressor country, and called on “everyone who stands on the principles of protecting human rights” to share this position.
However, 138 out of 157 countries, including France, Finland and Austria, voted for holding the IPU session in St. Petersburg.
Ukraine, Australia, Canada and Estonia spoke out against it. At the same time, the Ukrainian delegation assured that it would be present at the St. Petersburg session.
Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council Committee on International Affairs Andrey Klimov believes that the Ukrainians performed “in their own spirit.” Kyiv suggested that the members of the IPU “save money and carry out everything in Geneva,” that is, at the headquarters of the organization.
In its pressure, the Ukrainian side uses the 12+ group, which includes Western countries, with the exception of the United States, which is not a member of the IPU.
“But in this group there are states that vote far differently than other participants want.”, - Klimov explained to Izvestia.
According to the senator, there were many friends of Russia in the IPU meeting room who reacted accordingly.
“The Inter-Parliamentary Union is much more objective in relation to Russia and much more receptive to our position, unlike PACE, where we are trying to remain with incomprehensible persistence”, Klimov recalled.
The Inter-Parliamentary Union is the oldest (founded in 1889) and one of the most authoritative international parliamentary organizations.
It is called the informal "parliamentary dimension" of the UN.
The Union includes 170 countries. 11 interparliamentary associations are its associate members.
In the second half of the 19th century, against the background of a long depression in Western Europe and North America, the struggle between the leading powers for the redivision of the world intensified. Military-political interstate groupings began to take shape, and the process of militarization of countries intensified. The response to this was the emergence of pacifist movements, in which parliamentarians from different countries took an active part.
The main ones were the French Society of Friends of Peace (led by the famous scientist and politician, member of the French Chamber of Deputies Frederic Passy) and the English “Workers' Peace Association” (led by carpenter Randal William Creamer, who later became a member of the English Parliament). Their main goal was to achieve the settlement of all international disputes through arbitration. For this purpose, the High Court of Nations was even established, and the Workers' Peace Association was transformed into the International League of Arbitration.
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Thus, Randal Creamer, having become a member of the English Parliament, even drafted an appeal to US President Grover Cleveland calling on all disputes between the United States and England to be resolved through arbitration, collected the signatures of 232 members of the English Parliament and went to the United States to present this document. Frederic Passy followed his example and initiated the conclusion of a Franco-American arbitration agreement.
Passy and Creamer also organized a meeting of French and English parliamentarians to discuss this problem, which took place in Paris on October 31, 1888, with the participation of eight members of the English and 26 members of the French parliaments. The declaration adopted there recognized the expediency of the participation of parliamentarians from as many countries as possible in solving international problems. A committee was also established here to prepare a conference of parliamentarians in a broader composition.
The conference was held on June 29-30, 1889 at the Continental Hotel in Paris with the participation of 94 parliamentarians from nine countries. On the last day of work, its participants decided to transform the conference into a permanent “International Parliamentary Union for International Arbitration”. The main document of the meeting contained an appeal to the governments of all countries to conclude agreements to resolve all controversial issues through arbitration, without harming the independence of states and without any interference in each other's internal affairs.
Subsequently, the range of problems discussed by the new institution expanded significantly, and since 1899 it began to be officially called the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). The headquarters of the Ministry of Railways was located in Bern since 1892, in 1911 it was moved to Brussels, with the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 it moved to Oslo, and from 1921 to Geneva, where it is still located.
The IPU initially united individual parliamentarians, but after the Second World War it became an association of parliaments.
This is how the first international platform for discussing political problems appeared. In fact, the IPU can be considered the founder of universal institutions for ensuring international peace, security and cooperation of peoples - the League of Nations and the UN, and it also played an important role in the creation of a permanent arbitration court in The Hague. The IPU's work to strengthen peace was so significant that eight of its leaders in different years became Nobel Peace Prize laureates, including the first three:
1901 - Frederic Passy (France)
1902 - Albert Goba (Switzerland)
1903 - William Randal Creamer (Great Britain)
1908 - Frederik Bayer (Denmark)
1909 - Auguste Beernart (Belgium)
1913 - Henri Lafontaine (Belgium)
1921 - Christian Lange (Norway)
1927 - Ferdinand Buisson (France)
STRUCTURE OF THE INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION
(bodies formed in accordance with Article 8 of the IPU Charter)
INTER-PARLIAMENTARY CONFERENCE (FROM 01.10.2003 - ASSEMBLY)
The highest body of the Ministry of Railways. Meets twice a year. A strict rule: if there are women among parliamentarians, then at least one woman must be included in the delegation to the conference. There should be no more than eight delegates from parliaments of countries with a population of less than 100 million people and no more than ten from countries with a population of more than 100 million people.
INTERPARLIAMENTARY COUNCIL
Leads the IPU during the period between assemblies. It is composed of three representatives from each national parliamentary group. The Chairman of the Council is elected for four years.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
An administrative body headed by the chairman of the Ministry of Railways. Consists of 12 members belonging to different parliaments and the President of the Coordination Committee of the Meeting of Women Parliamentarians.
SECRETARIAT - INTER-PARLIAMENTARY BUREAU
A permanent working body headed by the Secretary General, who is not a member of any parliament and appointed by the Council for four years.
STANDING COMMITTEES
On issues of peace and international security;
On issues of sustainable development, finance and trade;
On Democracy and Human Rights;
For UN affairs.
SPECIAL AND WORKING COMMITTEES AND COMMISSIONS
On the civil rights of parliamentarians;
On Middle East issues;
To promote respect for international humanitarian law;
Cyprus Mediation Group;
Health Group;
Tender Partnership Group;
Coordination Committee of Women Parliamentarians;
Forum of young parliamentarians of the IPU.
FUNCTIONING WITHIN THE MPS:
Association of Secretaries General of Parliaments
(consists of the secretaries general of parliaments or international parliamentary assemblies and their deputies, regardless of whether these parliaments or parliamentary assemblies are members of the IPU or not);
International Center for Parliamentary Documentation (special department of the Secretariat).
MAIN EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF THE IPU
1889- the “International Parliamentary Union for International Arbitration” was created.
1899- renamed the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU).
1892- the General Secretary of the organization began to be elected (for a period of four years).
1909- the post of chairman of the Interparliamentary Council, elected for three years, was established (the first chairman is Auguste Beernart).
1922- the Charter was adopted, according to which the purpose of the IPU is “to encourage personal contacts between members of all parliaments ... and to unite them for joint activities ... in the strengthening and development of representative institutions, as well as in the interests of promoting the cause of international peace and cooperation.”
1955- a delegation of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR took part in the work of the IPU (at the 44th Conference) for the first time. The Soviet group was the largest, since it included all 1,500 deputies of the USSR Supreme Council, 750 deputies from each chamber.
1992- the delegation of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation began to participate in the work of the IPU.
September 15, 1997- The Inter-Parliamentary Union adopted the Universal Declaration of Democracy (later the International Day of Democracy was dedicated to this date).
2001- an amendment to the Charter was adopted, according to which in federal states only the federal parliament can apply for membership in the Inter-Parliamentary Union. However, national groups that were members of the IPU before the adoption of the amendment may remain in its composition (Article 3). And international parliamentary associations formed by states and being members of the Union, in accordance with international law, can (at their request and after consultation with the relevant members of the Union) be admitted to the IPU as associate members.
2015- Chairman of the Council of the Interparliamentary Assembly of the CIS Member States, Chairman of the Federation Council V.I. Matvienko, at a meeting with the Chairman of the Inter-Parliamentary Union S. Chowdhury and the Secretary General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union M. Chungong, made a proposal to upgrade the status of the CIS IPA to an associated member of the IPU.
2016- the IPU Strategy for 2017-2021 entitled “Better parliaments - stronger democracy” was adopted.
2016. - Russia’s invitation to host the 137th IPU Assembly in October 2017 in St. Petersburg was officially transmitted to the IPU Secretariat. The decision on this was finally made on October 27
2016- at the 135th Assembly of the IPU. 2016 - at the 198th meeting of the IPU Governing Council, a decision was made to grant the CIS IPA the status of an associate member.
2016. - during the work of the 135th Assembly of the IPU in Geneva, a meeting of the chairmen and deputy chairmen of the parliaments of the BRICS countries was held on the topic “Parliamentary cooperation of the BRICS countries in the name of achieving sustainable development goals.”
Inter-Parliamentary Union
The headquarters of the oldest international parliamentary organization, the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), which was founded in 1889, is located in Geneva. Currently, the IPU includes 178 parliaments around the world (Russia has been participating since 1906), 12 international parliamentary organizations have the status of associate members.
The IPU cooperates closely with the UN and shares its goals and objectives. It has been granted consultative status of category “A” with ECOSOC, and the status of an observer organization with the UN General Assembly, where in May 2018 it is planned to adopt the next biennial resolution “On the interaction of the United Nations with national parliaments and the Inter-Parliamentary Union”. At the initiative of Russia, a proposal was made to proclaim the International Day of Parliamentarism (June 30) a new international UN day in honor of the first conference of the IPU in 1889 in Paris.
The IPU consists of national inter-parliamentary groups. The co-chairs of the Interparliamentary Group of the Russian Federation are Chairman of the Federation Council V.I. Matvienko and Chairman of the State Duma V.V. Volodin. In July 2017, the Federation Council adopted a Statement on Russian participation in the activities of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, in which it confirmed the role of the IPU as the leading international platform for the development of parliamentary diplomacy.
The member parliaments of the IPU belong to one of six geopolitical groups: African, Arab, Asia-Pacific, Eurasia, Latin America and the Twelve Plus group (mainly Western and Central Europe).
Russia hosted the IPU Assembly twice: the 100th (September 1998, Moscow) and the 137th (October 2017, St. Petersburg). The latter went down in history as a record in many respects: the number of participating parliaments (160), delegates (2,690), parliamentarians (856), speakers of parliaments (87) and the number of parliaments that simultaneously joined the Organization (5 - Vanuatu, Marshall Islands, Saint -Lucia, Uzbekistan (restored membership) and Turkmenistan). The opening ceremony of the 137th Assembly of the IPU was attended by the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin.
The bodies of the Inter-Parliamentary Union are: the Assembly, the Governing Council, the Executive Committee and the Secretariat.
The highest body is the Assembly, convened twice a year (in spring and autumn), in which about 1300-1500 delegates from 130-140 parliaments around the world usually participate. The Assembly's agenda includes general debates, as well as two or three issues on which resolutions are adopted, prepared with the participation of representatives of national parliaments. In addition, emergency debates are envisaged, also ending with the adoption of a resolution.
Recently, at the initiative of Russia, resolutions were adopted “The role of parliaments in observing the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of sovereign states” (136th Assembly of the IPU, Dhaka, April 2017, rapporteur - Chairman of the Federation Council Committee on International Affairs K.I. Kosachev ), “To the 20th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Democracy: the commonality of our diversity” (137th Assembly of the IPU, St. Petersburg, October 2017, speaker – Deputy Chairman of the Federation Council I.M.-S. Umakhanov).
The IPU has four standing committees: on peace and international security; on sustainable development, finance and trade; on democracy and human rights; for UN Affairs.
The Governing Council elects the President of the Inter-Parliamentary Union for a three-year term, who is the political leader of the Organization and the ex-officio Chairman of the Governing Council.
Chairman of the IPU - Gabriela Cuevas Barron (Mexico; elected in St. Petersburg in October 2017), Secretary General - Martin Chungong (Cameroon; elected for a four-year term with the possibility of two-time extension, took office in July 2014, re-elected in April 2017).
In October 2017, a member of the IPU Executive Committee from the Eurasia group, Chairman of the Federation Council for International Affairs K.I. Kosachev, was elected First Deputy Chairman of the IPU.
The Executive Committee is the administrative body of the IPU, which considers requests from parliament for admission to membership in the IPU, controls the work of the IPU Secretariat, as well as its activities in implementing decisions, considers candidates for the post of Secretary General, etc. At the initiative of Russia, a Working Group was created within the Executive Committee on Syria (chaired by K.I. Kosachev).
Meetings of women parliamentarians and young parliamentarians are also regularly held at the IPU site. There is a Human Rights Committee regarding parliamentarians, a Health Advisory Council, etc.
Inter-Parliamentary Union
The Inter-Parliamentary Union is an international non-governmental organization that serves to coordinate the actions of parliaments around the world. It was founded in 1889 by pacifist parliamentarians from several states and became the first international organization serving for political discussion.
Initially, the Inter-Parliamentary Union played a large role in the peace process and the creation of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague. A significant number of its leaders were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
According to the charter adopted in 1922, the purpose of the Union is “to encourage personal contacts between members of all parliaments... and to unite them for joint activities... in the strengthening and development of representative institutions, and in the interests of promoting the cause of international peace and cooperation...”. The decisions of the Inter-Parliamentary Union do not have binding force, however, being an expression of the opinion of representatives of the legislative bodies of most countries of the world, they have a certain influence on the world community, on governments, and on other international organizations.
As of 2010, members of the organization are the parliaments of 143 countries and 7 interstate parliaments, including all European countries except the Vatican, and most countries of the world, including Canada, China, Russia, India, although the US Congress is not a member of the organization. The Inter-Parliamentary Union has observer status at the UN.
Its highest body is an annual conference convened (by agreement) in the capital of one of the Union members. In the period between conferences, the organization is managed by the Interparliamentary Council, which includes 2 representatives from each national parliamentary group. The Chairman of the Council is elected for 4 years, he directs the work of the Council and the Executive Committee - the administrative body of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (consists of 11 members, 10 of them are elected by the conference for 4 years from among the members of the council).
The main work on consideration of certain issues, as well as the development of draft conference resolutions, is carried out by permanent study commissions:
– on political issues, international security and disarmament;
– on parliamentary and legal issues;
– on economic and social issues;
– on issues of education and science;
– Commission on Non-Self-Governing Territories and Ethnic Issues.
By decision of the council, other permanent or temporary commissions and subcommittees may be created.
The headquarters of the Inter-Parliamentary Union has been in Bern since 1892, in 1911 it was moved to Brussels, with the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 it moved to Oslo, and from 1921 to Geneva, where it is located to this day.
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Excellent definition
Incomplete definition ↓
INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION
Interparliamentary Union - IPU) is one of the oldest international 1 governmental organizations, uniting national parliamentary groups of various states created in 1889. The IPU includes parliamentary groups of more than 120 states, incl. interparliamentary group. RF (consists of deputies of the State Duma and members of the Federation Council The goal of the ICJ is to encourage long-term contacts between members of all parliaments and unite them for joint activities in strengthening international peace and cooperation. The decisions of the ICJ as a non-governmental organization are not binding for its member states, however, being an expression of the wishes of representatives of the legislative bodies of most countries of the world, it has a certain influence on the world community, on governments and international organizations, the MS has consultative status of the first category with the UN, and maintains contacts with its Secretariat and specialized UN agencies, especially UNESCO.
The highest body of the ICJ is the annual Interparliamentary Conference; in the period between conferences, the leadership is exercised by the Interparliamentary Council, which includes two representatives from each national parliamentary group. The Chairman of the Council is elected for four years and also directs the activities of the Executive Committee - the administrative body of the MS. The main work on considering certain issues, as well as on developing draft conference resolutions, is carried out by permanent research commissions: on political issues, international security and disarmament; on parliamentary, legal and human rights issues; on economic and social issues; on issues of education, science, culture and the environment; on Non-Self-Governing Territories and Ethnic Issues. The ICJ Secretariat, headed by a Secretary General appointed by the Council for a four-year term, is located in Geneva.