How to keep a field lizard at home. What do small lizards eat at home?
Vision deteriorates from prolonged stress, for example, reading long time in one position! So the lens will be in one state for a long time, in one position, in other words, if you read from a close distance, then naturally you will develop, Myopia (that is, in a simple way, the muscles get tired from long-term tension, go numb, atrophy and you will see well up close, but poorly at a distance)! Regarding the darkness, earlier (in ancient times) people lived in the dark, in caves, but they didn’t complain about their eyesight! But still, it’s better not to strain your eyesight, read in the light and periodically give your eyes a rest (do a workout, let’s say rub it, look into the distance, look close, a couple of times already, such exercises are outlined by W. Bates) This is especially true in adolescence!
The most harmful effects our vision is affected by incorrect reading. Poor contrast between letters and paper, insufficient room lighting, body position and distance to readable text leads to constant eye strain. If you always read in poor lighting, your vision will quickly deteriorate. To prevent this from happening, read only in good lighting. Give your eyes a rest. If you follow all these rules, you will give your eyes a chance for a longer and better-seeing life.
This is not a myth, this is reality. I broke my eyesight when I was young. I read books in bed with the light on in the hallway. Mom forgot to turn it off there from time to time. And I didn’t have the opportunity to fall asleep without finishing the book. The light fell from the right side and the left eye quickly got tired and began to hurt. I covered it and read it alone. In the seventh grade I had to prescribe glasses. Moreover, the difference in vision before the eyes was almost one and a half times. Four decades later, this distinction remains. Here they are. mistakes of youth!
Marina Nafieva
My sister broke her eyesight just like that. My brother had a huge library, but he did not allow us to touch his books. And my sister read them in the twilight. in order to sneak away unnoticed in a timely manner. She entered the university with -2 vision
Previously, it was believed that reading in a poorly lit room caused problems. vision will definitely deteriorate.
Now scientists have questioned this myth.
They came to the conclusion that simply by reading in a dimly lit room, the eyes will strain more, and therefore get tired faster. and the person will experience discomfort. Also, the eyes will blink less, which will lead to dry eyes and not very pleasant sensations. But, all this will pass when you stop reading and will not affect your vision in the future.
In the event that this deteriorates vision, it is very unusual then why does it deteriorate in some people and not in others? More likely, vision problems have psychosomatic circumstances. A external factors can lead to eye fatigue, spasm of accommodation, dry eyes. Despite the fact that I heard that a spasm of accommodation can also lead to myopia. But psychosomatics, I think, will lead faster. If vision deteriorates, in most cases, it is from childhood.
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BBC Future examined the common belief that eye strain is bad for your eyesight. Oddly enough, the evidence in favor of this thesis is very vague. If your parents have ever caught you reading in low light or under a flashlight under the covers, they probably warned you that such eye strain is harmful to your vision.Maybe you've also heard that excellent students at school are easy to recognize by their glasses, because they constantly sit in front of books and spoil their eyesight. Be that as it may, we are all familiar with the idea that it is impossible to regularly read in poor lighting. However, a little research carried out using the Internet is quite enough to make sure that this concern is far-fetched.
The question is closed? Not really. If you dig deeper and study the scientific data, it turns out that this topic is much more complex. Let's start with the simplest. Nearsightedness, or myopia, means that a person suffering from it can clearly see objects located close to them, but distant objects, such as a bus number or a restaurant menu written on a board, seem blurry to them.
Glasses or contact lenses help solve this problem, but do not answer the question of why some people develop myopia in childhood and some do not. Our eyes are designed amazingly: they are able to adapt to different levels illumination If you try to read in semi-darkness, your pupils dilate to allow more light to enter your retina through the lens. With the help of this light, retinal cells - rods and cones - transmit information to the brain about what a person sees.
If you are in a dark room - for example, you have just woken up - this process allows you to gradually get used to the darkness, which at first seems pitch-black. If you turn on the light, it will seem unbearably bright until your pupils adjust to the light again. The same thing happens if you strain your eyes while reading in dim light. The eyes adapt to external conditions, but for some people this strain causes headaches.
In the same way, if you peer at a book or sewing, bringing it close to the eyes, the eyes adapt by tensing the muscles, lengthening the so-called vitreous body - the gelatinous mass of the eyeball located between the lens and the retina. Unfortunately, there have been no experiments on the long-term effects of reading in the dark, so we will have to rely on research from the most various factors and compare the information received.
Most research and scientific debate on the topic of myopia focuses on the effects on vision. permanent job with close objects, rather than reading in poor lighting. For example, a 2011 study in the UK showed that working with close objects can affect the development of myopia in adults, but this factor is not nearly as important as, say, birth weight or smoking during pregnancy.
In some regions, myopia is more common: for example, in some parts of the Eastern and South-East Asia 80-90% of school graduates suffer from myopia. This makes scientists wonder whether the reason for this phenomenon is the fact that children are forced to devote a lot of time to study. However, geographical differences in the prevalence of myopia may be associated with genetic predisposition: there is ample evidence that genes inherited from parents play a very important role important role in the development of myopia.
If both parents suffer from myopia, their child inherits this disease with a 40% probability; If both have good vision, the risk of developing myopia is reduced to 10%. The classic way to assess the degree of influence of genes on the development of a disease is to compare identical twins with fraternal twins. A study of twins in the UK found that 86% of the difference in visual acuity was determined by genetic factors.
However, as the authors of the study note, this does not mean that the influence of external factors can be completely neglected. These factors sometimes play an important role. We can say that parents who themselves worked out a lot and ended up spoiling their eyesight will probably encourage their children to do the same, and the result will be attributed to a genetic predisposition. Or children may inherit an increased tendency to eye diseases, which then manifests itself under the influence of excessive eye strain at an early age.
American scientist Donald Matthey and his colleagues tried to unravel this tangle with the help of a study conducted in the states of California, Texas and Alabama. They found no evidence of a genetic predisposition to eye diseases and found that children of parents with poor vision spend no more time reading books than their peers. The main factor, according to the authors of the study, is still heredity.
returning to possible influence external environment, you can consider a number of interesting studies on the effects of lighting - not a flashlight under a blanket, but bright daylight. Perhaps the problem is not that we spend a lot of time in the dark, peering at pages, but that we don't spend enough time in the light. IN Australian city A Sydney study involving 1,700 children aged 6 and 12 years found that the more time a child spends outdoors, the lower the risk of developing myopia.
A systematic review of studies, including those from Australia and the United States, found a common positive impact exposure to light, especially for the population of East Asian countries. How can daylight help? Previously it was believed that sport games teach children to focus their vision on distant objects, but in this study, children could do anything while outdoors in daylight.
It appears to have helped some children compensate for the damage caused to their vision by hours of reading or studying. The study's authors believe that the benefits of being outdoors have less to do with the need to look into the distance and more to do with the effect of daylight on depth of field and the ability to focus clearly. Scientists have even suggested that longer exposure to light promotes the production of dopamine, which can then affect the growth of the eyeball.
If proven, this hypothesis could provide an explanation for the low prevalence of myopia in Australia. What conclusion can we come to with such a variety of studies on this topic and with such heterogeneous results? Undoubtedly big influence Genes influence the development of myopia, but one cannot discount the arguments that external factors also play a role. In the end, no matter how small the influence of the situation, it is much easier to change it than one’s genes.
On at this stage All that can be said is that playing outside seems to be good for the eyes, and perhaps young children should play in good light to avoid straining their eyesight. Since all the studies were conducted on children whose vision was in the process of developing, these findings do not apply to adults, so if you really want to read with a flashlight under the covers, it is unlikely to cause you any harm.
However, since you have already grown up and can decide for yourself when to go to bed, maybe you don’t need a flashlight now?
Everyone can probably remember how their mother or grandmother grumpily taught in childhood: “Don’t read in the dark! You’ll ruin your eyes!”
Do eyes really get damaged by insufficient lighting?
Modern research proves that the connection between poor lighting and poor vision is nothing more than a myth. When there is insufficient light, the eye muscles simply have to work harder to focus on a small object. Yes, your eyes get tired, but your vision does not suffer. On the contrary, some additional load goes to the eye muscles, like any other, only for the benefit - trained muscles more easily change the curvature of the lens, adapting vision to small or large, distant or close, bright or large objects. So, it turns out that you need to read more often in the dark?
Yes and no. As mentioned above, a small and infrequent additional load in the form of poor lighting when reading will not harm the eyes. However, you should also not tire the eye muscles too much - like any tired muscles, they can, at the most inopportune moment, refuse to perform their functions for a short or long period. In addition, excessive eye strain can lead to headaches.
As with many things, moderation must be observed here. Provide yourself with appropriate lighting when reading. The best is not too bright natural sunlight. If you have to read indoors or in dark time days, then adhere to the following rules. Firstly, one, even the best office chandelier for reading and writing is not enough. It is necessary to use a table lamp, the light of which must be directed directly onto the page of the book. Secondly, preference should be given to fluorescent lamps. Their spectrum is closest to natural, and modern lamps do not shine with a deathly blue light, as it was before, but with any light that seems pleasant to you. However, it is better to choose a lamp with a white-yellow spectrum close to the spectrum of the Sun. Many people are annoyed by the “shaking” of light fluorescent lamp, but you can get rid of it by turning on two or three such lamps at the same time. Their vibrations, superimposed on each other, cancel each other out.
Finally, keep in mind that your computer monitor is not bright enough for reading. If you have to read from a screen, don't do it in the dark. because the contrast between the bright screen and the surrounding environment is excessive for the human eye.
And in order to properly train your eye muscles, do not torture them by reading in the dark. After all, there are simple and effective exercises. which will help you maintain and even improve your vision. They can be done. for example, even sitting by the bus window on the way to work or home. Just focus your vision alternately on distant and close objects, for example, try to read a distant sign, and then sharply look at the inscription into the bus interior; repeat this exercise until you get tired and do it regularly. Soon this “shooting with your eyes” will become a habit, and after a while you will notice that your vision has improved.
“The eyes are not responsible for what the mind shows”
- Publilius Syrus
It is important to be able to separate fact from fiction, especially when it comes to vision. A lot has been speculated on this issue without any factual basis. If you use such information, you can cause harm to yourself or your loved ones.
Knowing how to take care of your vision is the first step to maintaining vision throughout your life. To do this, here is real information about some myths about vision:
Myth #1: “If you sit too close to the TV, you damage your eyesight.”
There is no evidence that sitting close to the TV damages a person’s eyesight. Sits where you feel most comfortable to sit. Sitting close to the TV for long periods of time can cause eye fatigue if the room is poorly lit or if the image on the screen is unclear.
Myth No. 2 “Reading in the dark ruins your eyesight”
Just like sitting close to the TV, reading in the dark may cause eye strain, but it may not harm your overall vision.
Myth #3 “Some eye exercises can improve your vision”
In order to keep your eye muscles toned, you just need to be alive and look at the world. All other additional efforts are a transfer of time that will not be beneficial. This myth has helped many people get rich, but rolling your eyes has no effect on your vision.
Myth #4: “You can ruin your eyes if you use them too much.”
Eyes are not light bulbs. You can't lose your vision by using it a lot. In fact, if your eyes are healthy, they will last you a lifetime. Reducing your reading time or cutting back on work won't help, but it won't harm your vision either.
Myth No. 5: “In old age, vision improves due to a decrease in presbyopia”
Reduction of presbyopia - age change, leading to the fact that a person begins to see better, especially at close range. The reason for this “improvement” in vision is a change in the optical power of the lens in the early stages of cataract development. Thus, a decrease in presbyopia is a sign of developing cataracts.
Myth #6: “Too much sex, especially masturbation, can lead to blindness.”
Myth No. 7 “Wearing poorly fitting glasses harms your eyesight”
In fact, for good vision It is necessary that the glasses are chosen correctly. But incorrectly chosen glasses do not make your vision worse.
Myth #8 “Blind people have a sixth sense or psychic abilities”
Most people with normal vision do not pay attention to other senses. Blind people are forced to develop other sensory abilities to compensate for lost vision. It's not a sixth sense. It's hard work and practice.
Myth #9: “You shouldn’t get your eyes tested until you’re 40 years old.”
Everyone should take care of their eye health, which includes getting their vision tested, regardless of whether there are any visible problems with it. Eat eye diseases that need to be treated; one such disease is glaucoma. It can appear before the age of forty.
Myth No. 10 “Doctors know how to transplant eyes”
It is not possible to transplant an entire eye. The eye is connected to the brain by a small nerve called the optic nerve. It is impossible to cut this nerve and remove the eye and replace it with another one. Once scientists learn how to transplant an entire brain, they will be able to transplant eyes in one.
Myth No. 11 “Scientists have created a bionic eye”
Scientists are working to create a microchip that can be inserted into retinal cells and thereby improve human vision. Other scientists are trying to find a way to link the camera directly to the brain. But the eye and brain don't work the way a camera and a computer do. Even having invented a bionic eye, scientists still do not know how to attach it to the brain using nerves. On this moment Scientists have created just a device that can perceive some particles of light.
Myth No. 12 “If you wear sunglasses, you can look at the sun without harming your eyesight.”
Ultraviolet from sun rays it will still get into your eyes, damaging the cornea, lens and retina. So, staring at the sun can not only cause headaches and temporary eye pain, but can also cause serious eye damage. Never consider solar eclipse. Direct sunlight can blind a person in less than a minute.
Myth #13: “Nothing can be done to prevent vision loss.”
Regular eye exams and sun protection with sunglasses will help preserve your vision. Additionally, at the first sign of vision loss, such as blurred vision or flashes of light in your eyes, you should see a doctor immediately. Depending on the disease, if it is caught early and treated correctly, vision loss can be slowed or stopped altogether.
Myth No. 14 “Even though you can see better with glasses, they worsen your vision over time.”
Wearing glasses will never harm your eyes. Once you start wearing glasses, you will finally see the world that was so blurry before. But until this time, you perceived this fuzziness as the norm. After your vision was corrected with glasses, you began to see more clearly. But if you stop wearing glasses after a few months, everything around you will become as blurry as it was before. And it will seem to you that before you could see everything without glasses, but now you cannot do without them. In fact, your visual perception has simply changed.
Myth No. 15 “Eating carrots improves vision”
It is true that carrots contain large quantities of vitamin A, which is necessary for good vision. But it must be used in in moderation, because eating large quantities Vitamin A or other vitamins can be very harmful.
Think you know more? Just remember that no one wants to be a fool, not on April 1st or any other day when it comes to health.
Incredible facts
We can all remember at least a few phrases that our parents or teachers often told us in childhood.
For example, that if you squint your eyes, you can remain that way for the rest of your life, or that you can ruin your eyesight if you read in the dark.
At the same time, many of us still believe that if you eat a lot of carrots, you can significantly improve your vision.
These and other most common misconceptions about vision.
1. If you squint your eyes, you can remain squinted for life.
It is a myth that your eyes will become frozen in this position if you squint too often. Strabismus or strabismus occurs when the eyes do not look in one direction at the same time. Each eye has six muscles attached to it, controlled by signals from the brain that control their movement. When the eye position is disturbed, the brain receives two different images. Over time, this can lead to more severe vision problems. But squint is not caused by a person deliberately squinting his eyes at short period time.
2. Wearing glasses too often can damage your vision.
According to myth, wearing glasses for conditions such as nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism can weaken or worsen vision. This is not true, nor is it true that vision can be damaged by wearing glasses with strong diopters, although this may cause temporary strain or headache.
However, children need to be prescribed glasses with the correct diopter. A 2002 study found that glasses with too low a prescription can increase myopia, and that the correct prescription reduces the progression of myopia.
3. Reading in the dark worsens vision.
Many probably remember how our parents repeated to us more than once about how important it is to read when good light. Light actually helps us see better because it makes it easier to focus.
And although reading in semi-darkness may cause temporary eye strain, it will not harm your vision. According to recent studies, vision is negatively affected by short exposure to daylight generally.
4. If your parents have poor eyesight, you will also have poor eyesight.
Of course, some visual impairments are hereditary, but this does not guarantee that you will have the same impairment as your parents. One study found that in a family where both parents were nearsighted, the chances that the child would also be nearsighted were 30 to 40 percent. If only one parent has myopia, the child has about a 20-25 percent chance of developing myopia, and about 10 percent for children of parents without myopia.
5. A computer or TV spoils your eyesight.
Ophthalmologists often debate this topic, but most agree that for most people it is not a cause of poor vision.
On the other hand everything more people complains of symptoms such as dry and irritated eyes, headaches, eye strain, and difficulty focusing after prolonged screen time. This phenomenon was called computer vision syndrome, which can get worse when trying to focus on a small tablet or phone screen.
Experts recommend using rule 20-20 to eliminate the effects of time spent in front of a computer or TV screen. It sounds like this: Every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break to look about 6 meters away.
6. Vitamins will help improve vision.
According to recent research there is no the right combination vitamins that will prevent vision deterioration. Antioxidants may slow the progression of macular degeneration, one of the leading causes of vision loss as we age. But in people already suffering from this disease, vitamins do not play a big role.
Perhaps one day an effective vitamin cocktail, but there is no evidence yet that it works.
7. Dyslexia is associated with vision problems.
A recent study found that children with dyslexia were no more likely to suffer from common vision problems such as myopia, farsightedness, strabismus and focusing problems.
8. If you don't treat your lazy eye in childhood, it will remain forever.
Lazy eye or amblyopia occurs when the nerve pathways between the brain and the eye are not stimulated properly, causing the brain to favor one eye. The weak eye begins to wander and eventually the brain may ignore the signals it receives. Although doctors say this disorder should be treated as early as possible, there are many treatments that can help adults as well.
9. Blind people see only darkness.
Only 18 percent of people with visual impairment are completely blind. Most people can distinguish between light and dark.
10. In space, human vision remains the same as on Earth.
Scientists have discovered that vision deteriorates in space, but cannot explain this phenomenon.
A study of seven astronauts who spent more than six months aboard the International space station, showed that everyone experienced blurred vision during and for several months after the space mission.
Researchers speculate that the cause may be the movement of fluid toward the head that occurs in microgravity.
11. Colorblind people do not see color.
The human eye and brain work together to interpret colors, and each of us perceives colors slightly differently. We all have photopigments in the cones of the retina. People suffering from hereditary color blindness have defects in the genes that are responsible for the production of photopigments. However, it is very rare to find people who do not see color at all.
It is more common for colorblind people to have difficulty distinguishing between colors, such as red and green, blue and yellow. Although color blindness is much more common among men, it also affects a small number of women.
12. Carrots improve night vision.
Carrots are good for vision as they contain a large number of beta-carotene, which our body converts into vitamin A, important for vision. But carrots have no effect on vision in the dark.
13.The larger the eyes, the better the vision.
At birth, the eyeball measures approximately 16 mm in diameter, reaching 24 mm in adults. But increasing eye size does not mean that vision is getting better. In fact, excessive growth of the eyeball in humans can lead to myopia or nearsightedness. If eyeball too elongated, the lens of the eye cannot focus light on the correct part of the retina to process images clearly.
14. Pupil dilation occurs in response to changes in light.
We know that pupils contract in light and dilate in darkness. But the pupils are also responsible for changes in emotional and psychological state. Sexual arousal, decision difficult task, fear, and other emotional and mental events can cause changes in pupil size, although the exact cause is unknown.
15. Ultraviolet radiation can only damage your eyes when the sun is shining.
Even in foggy and cloudy weather, ultraviolet radiation can damage your eyes. Rays can be reflected from water, sand, snow and shiny surfaces. Therefore, you should always have sunglasses with you. Exposure to radiation over many years can lead to the development of cataracts, a clouding of the lens that can lead to vision loss.