How to make a round roof for a house. Construction of a streamlined roof Dome roof made of metal
Do you want your home to look like a medieval castle or palace? Design a conical roof. This option makes the building fabulous and solemn. Learn about the secrets of installing a conical roof truss system and get valuable advice from specialists in its repair.
Advantages of constructing a conical roof
A conical roof is installed in round buildings. Among the advantages we note:
- unusual and attractive appearance;
- ease of maintenance of the structure;
- long service life.
Disadvantages of roofing with circular sheathing:
- complex calculations for its construction;
- problems with repairs;
- high price;
- difficulty of installation;
- a large number of materials for finishing the roof.
A conical roof is installed over a building of a round or multifaceted shape. The rafter system is installed in such a way as to ensure a uniform slope of the rafters. Additional elements in the form of purlins serve as supporting elements. The upper, annular part of the purlin is fixed on the central pillars and takes on the load from the tower. The second support point is a ring Mauerlat installed on the wall of the tower. Ceiling beams are designed in such a way as to distribute the load evenly at the location where the central support element is installed.
The ring purlin is fixed with braces. High-quality circular roofing requires careful calculations of each component of the system. If you do not have experience in carrying out this type of work, we recommend that you contact specialists in the preparation of project documentation.
If the rafter system is made of wood, then use laminated veneer lumber for these purposes. Especially if the roofing is finished with natural tiles. The lathing under it must be highly durable and powerful.
The conical roof is finished with bituminous shingles, wood shingles or metal. The use of wavy materials on a round roof is impractical. Joining the material will take a long time and will require increased costs. In addition, the aesthetic appeal of the roof is reduced and water flows between the joints.
Types and design of conical roof
We offer you to familiarize yourself with two options for round roofing:
- dome;
- church-onion.
A dome roof, unlike a cone roof, does not have layered rafter elements. The rafter system in a domed roof is suspended. The hanging parts form a three-hinged arch, which is connected on one side to the Mauerlat, and on the other to the support ring installed on top.
To design a domed roof, you must have enormous experience and technical knowledge of “Theory of Mechanics” and “Sopromat”. Otherwise, we recommend contacting construction companies dealing with similar issues; they will help you correctly draw up drawings of the circular roof sheathing.
To calculate a domed roof made of wood, follow these steps:
- loads acting on the rafter system;
- fixation of arches on the central support and ventilation lantern;
- top of the dome part;
- locking hinge, at the top of the dome;
- appearance of ventilation holes.
A semicircular design can be achieved by making a ring sheathing. It is installed on additional racks resting on hanging rafter arches.
Another method of installing a dome roof was proposed by R. B. Fuller, an architect from America. The design is formed using triangles. This dome is called “geodesic”. The complexity of calculations in organizing such a roof and its unusual appearance have not made it popular in architecture.
There are two ways to fix the dome using the “geodesic” system:
- connector - to connect triangles, pieces of timber and special fasteners are used;
- connectorless - all triangles are assembled in advance, and the overall structure is assembled on the roof.
Among the advantages of such a roof we note:
- the possibility of its full glazing;
- ease of snow removal;
- excellent resistance to wind threats;
- originality of appearance;
- the possibility of organizing your own greenhouse on the roof of the house.
The maximum internal volume of a geodesic roof allows you to make identical rectangular structures and increases the amount of light and air in the room. In summer, heat is absorbed by the roof, and in winter, on the contrary, it is dissipated. This reduces space heating and cooling costs. A geodesic dome does not require an expensive foundation due to its lightness. The dome structure is highly resistant to wind and weather conditions. Also, we note the excellent soundproofing characteristics of the structure, due to its extraordinary shape.
The onion roof is most often installed on Orthodox temples and churches. In private housing construction, this roofing option is less popular. If the dome diameter is less than 300 cm, its frame part is made of wood.
The specific shape of this roof is called “crane”. This version of the rafter system is called layered. To give additional rigidity to the roof, elements are installed in the form of braces and struts. They take on the maximum load. To cut out the crane, special patterns and boards are made, the minimum thickness of which is 40 mm. The central pillar serves as a support for the “cranes” and as a place for mounting the cross on the dome.
If metal is used for further finishing of the dome, then the crate is mounted on the cranes in increments of 30 cm. It is possible to finish the dome using a scaly roof. In this case, an additional element for fastening it is installed under each scale.
When restoring a church dome, it is covered with an aspen ploughshare. They are mounted in such a way as to prevent moisture from entering between the rows. Domes of this type are characterized by the complexity of design and installation. Only professionals can perform high-quality work. If the diameter of the dome is more than 300 cm, then steel is used for its frame. To fix the cranes in this case, metal spacers are used. The sheathing is made of steel strips installed in increments of 40-50 cm. Seam metal is used to finish the roof.
Conical roof construction technology
We offer the option of creating small cone-shaped towers adjacent to the house. Such a roof is not the main one, but its design requires special knowledge. The rafter system in small towers is installed fan-shaped. The common central post is where the rafter legs diverge. An additional supporting function is performed by purlins; laminated wood is used for their manufacture. There are two options for purlins - upper and lower. Each of them performs the function of uniformly distributing the load. After developing the conical roof design, the wheels are made. The ends of the rafters are fixed on a semicircle, thus increasing the strength of all connections.
For additional stability of the roof, the lower plane of the rafter beams is sawn at a certain angle. Use steel angles to secure wooden parts.
When calculating the number of rafter legs for a cone-shaped roof, take into account such points as the cross-section of the material from which they are made and the interval of their installation. On the underside of the roof, the spacing between rafters should be minimal. Thus, the lathing for further finishing of the roof will be made with the smoothest possible bend. To do this, an additional spacer with a smaller cross-section is placed in the lower part between the main beam; it will make the surface more durable and neat.
Next, install the drainage gutter. Their semicircular versions are made exclusively to order. To assemble the system yourself, it is enough to use small sections of ordinary straight gutters, connecting them at the desired angle. All connections must be tight and neat.
Take care of the sheathing, which is most often created using wooden beams, flexible plastic parts or ordinary water pipes. The load-bearing capacity of the latter elements is only suitable for supporting a small-sized roof used as decoration, but not for the main domed roof. For additional strength, fold the pipes or beams in half. To fix them on the rafter system, use self-tapping screws.
The cone-shaped roof is finished using the seam method. The tiles are laid on the surface of shingles or reeds. When finishing the roof with tiles, take into account the fact that the width of the tiles increases from top to bottom. Therefore, choose special versions of conical tiles to avoid sloppy joints. Calculate the length of the rafter elements, the total area of the roof, and based on this, purchase the required amount of finishing materials.
Install trim from bottom to top. Each tile is installed with a slight overlap in relation to the side and underlying ones. At the junction of the roof and the outer wall, install waterproofing.
Check out the features of constructing a conical roof:
1. The slopes are brought to the roof surface at least thirty centimeters.
2. A standard beam is installed on a regular concrete floor, and the rafter system is fixed on it.
3. For a tighter connection of the end sections of the rafters, we recommend sharpening them.
4. The upper parts of the rafters are installed on a semicircular support and connected to each other using steel corners.
5. The sheathing is made of semicircular bars: long and short elements.
7. Before tiling, secure the drainage systems.
8. The installation interval of the sheathing is determined by the type of roofing finishing material.
9. Using tapered tiles, pre-label the elements of each row. Reduce the amount of material for each individual row.
Flexible or bituminous shingles are installed on a solid base. For these purposes, thin-sheet plywood is most often used. To create a thermal roof, additional insulation, vapor barrier and waterproofing are installed.
The plywood is cut into a trapezoidal shape and laid from bottom to top. The thickness of the layers of plywood covering should be at least 12 cm. That is, using 4 mm plywood, lay it on the base in 4 layers. Next, moisture protection and bitumen shingles are installed.
A steel ridge is installed on the top of the cone-shaped roof. For its manufacture, steel, copper, aluminum, and stainless steel are used. Additionally, if necessary, install a weather vane.
When choosing a tool for constructing a conical roof, you need to take into account the materials used for the sheathing and roof finishing. At the same time, if the sheathing is mounted from wood, then you will definitely need a jigsaw, a hammer drill, and a screwdriver. When using steel materials, stock up on a grinder with cutting discs, metal drills and an electric drill.
Video on installing a conical roof:
The rafter structure is made of laminated veneer lumber, just like the one that not only decorated the house, but also partially became the support for the rafter legs, fanning out from a common center and forming a cone-shaped shape.
Seventeen spokes in a wheel
At the point where the upper edges of the 17 rafters meet, a support pillar is erected, on the top of which a strong semicircle of laminated wood is rigidly fixed. On a semicircle, like spokes in the rim of a wheel, the pre-pointed ends of the rafter beams are fixed, and not with their narrowest part, which ensures the necessary strength of the connection. Additional strength to the structural unit is given by small corner cuts on the lower plane of the rafter beam at the point of its connection with the supporting semicircle, as well as metal corners that fasten the wooden parts.
On the underside of the roof, at the point where the rafters are attached to the support beam along the perimeter of the semicircular wall, the distance between them, on the contrary, is quite large (65 cm), and the task becomes the opposite - to reduce this distance by half so that the sheathing for laying the tiles has a uniform, smooth bend. For this purpose, in the lower part of the rafter cone, between the main beams, auxiliary beams of a smaller cross-section are laid, giving the surface a smooth roundness and additional strength.
After that, a metal drainage gutter is installed that goes around the entire perimeter of the extension. Since it is quite difficult to find a curved gutter of the required length, it will have to be assembled from separate smaller sections, soldering them together. If the connections are made carefully, the prefabricated gutter will be impossible to distinguish from a solid one.
Flexible plastic sheathing
Sheathing for tiles, traditionally made from square wooden blocks sewn over the rafters, is not suitable in this case - it will not work to lay such bars with the required bend dictated by the shape of the conical roof: they will simply break. Therefore, there is another solution - a lathing made of flexible plastic bars. In terms of load-bearing capacity, they are not inferior to wooden ones of the same cross-section, and the flexibility of the polymer material allows them to be given a smooth arc shape. For additional reliability, lay the plastic bars in two layers, one on top of the other, and screw them to the rafters with self-tapping screws.
After which it’s the turn of the tiles. And here the conical shape of the roof will again prompt you to look for an adequate solution, because from bottom to top from row to row the width of the tiles should decrease, and they should have a slightly curved shape corresponding to the bend of the conical roof. Fortunately, the tile manufacturer has provided for such non-standard cases by including conical tiles in the range of products (for example, the series Altrot with a noble antique touch). Calculate the length of the rafters, the slope angle and the area of the roof, and buy the necessary roofing elements.
Laying is done in a fairly traditional way for tile roofing: from bottom to top. Lay each subsequent tile with an overlap on the side and the underlying one.
However, unlike a traditional roof with flat slopes, the tiles decrease in width from row to row, so each subsequent row consists of fewer and fewer elements, practically disappearing at the top point of the roof.
So, step-by-step instructions for building a conical (conical) roof with a circular sheathing:
1. Part of the half-timbered frame became an ideal rafter structure with the slopes offset by 30 cm
2. Lay a curved mauerlat beam on top of the concrete floor, to which fasten the rafters at a short distance from each other
3. Sharpen the ends of the rafters to close them more tightly at the top point of the conical roof. The far right beam is adjacent to the wall of the house
4. Place the upper ends of the rafters with corner cuts on a semicircular support and fasten them with metal corners
5. Rafter structure from the inside: The rafters should be laid evenly on a wooden semicircle fixed to the top of the support post
6. One short, one long: longitudinal bars of two sizes are used for sheathing - long, lying exactly on top of the rafters, and short, located in the middle of the spaces between the rafters
7. Lay the roll waterproofing from bottom to top, carefully smoothing out the folds. Carefully glue overlapping joints
9. Before laying the tiles, secure the copper drainage gutter, carefully soldered from individual parts
10. Gutter holders should be secured in the center of the rafters exactly under the soldered joints of the segments
11. The distance between the horizontal slats of the sheathing made of durable flexible plastic depends on the size of the tiles
12. At this point, the conical roof of the rotunda is ready to be covered. The shed roof of the rebuilt garage will also be finished with tiles.
13. For ease of operation, each element of the conical tile is marked with a stamp with the number of its row
14. When laying the first row, secure the tiles to a strong, durable and rot-resistant plastic sheathing
15. In the 2nd row, the width of the tiles is slightly less than in the first, in the third - less than in the second, and so on.
16. In the 4th row, due to the narrowing of the roof cone, tiles with a two-wave profile are usually used
17. Every second wave of the tiled profile ends smoothly in the fourth row
18. On the left edge of the roof, the rows are closed not by conical, but by ordinary tiles of a standard configuration. the elements of which protrude somewhat beyond the edge of the roof, protecting the gable elements from the weather
20. The slope of the garage roof adjacent to the rotunda is covered with tiles of the same brand, but with a straight configuration
21. The procedure for laying the tiles is the same as in the case of the rotunda; the elements are screwed to the sheathing with self-tapping screws
22. At the junction of the garage roof and the surface of the outer wall, the waterproofing tape is masked by a strip of tin placed on top of the tile covering.
Advice:
Where the roof meets the surface of the outer wall, it is necessary to provide reliable waterproofing. To do this, glue a waterproofing tape with a height of at least 10 cm in a continuous strip over the connection line.
Based on materials from the magazine Modern Repair and Construction
100 pieces. flat tiles 2x2 DIY glowing plastic building blocks…
223.36 rub.
Free shipping★★ ★★ ★★ ★★ ★★ (4.90) | Orders (22)
Modern construction is intricate and sophisticated. It is possible to find houses that look more like castles and buildings built in high-tech style. There are also upside-down houses. It goes without saying that such architectural delights are seen quite often, but, however, there are precedents. The concept of aesthetics differs among people, and based on this, a variety of options are fully possible.
If the house has a complex multifaceted or round shape, then a roof of the appropriate shape must be built for it. Based on this, the answer to the question of how to make a round roof is quite relevant and requires consideration along with all the others.
General description
To be honest, it is not possible to have a completely round roof. The roof structure can have a conical or dome shape. Such a roof can only be called round conditionally, since it frames a round building, for example. In most cases, natural tiles or metal are used as roofing material for such roofs, but recently the so-called soft tiles based on bitumen have become increasingly widespread.
In addition, it should be emphasized that in order to build a rafter system for a similar roof, it is necessary to carry out a lot of calculations and drawings. Accordingly, it is necessary to have extensive knowledge in the field of higher mathematics and drawing. If there is no such knowledge, then the best way out of the situation would be to turn to the services of experts.
If you outline the rafter system that is equipped with a house with a round roof, then you should state that it is installed according to the layered principle. Stiffening ribs or rafters rest with one end on a ring-shaped mauerlat, which is laid along the perimeter of the walls of the building, and with the other on a ring purlin, which is attached to the central load-bearing post. There can be a pair of such purlins, depending on the height of the roof.
Note! Installing a central pillar will entail an increased load on the ceilings, which must be taken into account when designing and choosing roofing material.
If it is assumed that the future roof will have a dome shape, then the rafters should have the shape of arches, which are also attached with one edge to the base on the wall, and the other to the ring support mounted at the top of the central pillar.
To better understand the essence of the process of manufacturing a cone-shaped roof, it is necessary to consider in more detail the technology of its production.
- First of all, waterproofing is installed under the Mauerlat. To do this, it is possible to use the usual and well-known roofing material.
- Upon completion of its installation, the Mauerlat itself is mounted, for which it is possible to use wooden beams with a cross-section of 150×150 mm, depending on the length of the rafters. The Mauerlat is attached to the wall using anchor bolts.
- Upon completion of the installation of the Mauerlat, you need to install a central pillar, which will act as a support for the entire rafter system. It is attached to the base using supporting slopes made of timber or boards with a thickness of 40 mm or more. It is worth considering that before installing the supporting pillar in its upper part, it is necessary to secure a second support ring for the rafters, made of timber.
- Once the post is installed, it is possible to move on to assembling the rafter system itself. For its manufacture, it is most advisable to use laminated veneer lumber. This material is able to withstand large mechanical loads, while being affordable and versatile. The assembly of the rafters involves their laying and fixing to the supporting elements. This is done by using construction angles. The distance between the supporting elements depends on the diameter of the roof, but should not be more than 50 - 70 cm, otherwise the rafter system will not be able to perform its supporting functions.
- If the roof height is more than two meters, then an additional support ring is installed to support the roof. This ring is fixed to the rafters with self-tapping screws or another method, and attached to the post with spacers.
- Once the rafter system is ready, you can move on to the upcoming installation stages. Then the waterproofing material is laid. It can be attached to the rafters and sheathing using a stapler.
- After waterproofing is completed, it is possible to proceed to the installation of the roof covering.
As mentioned above, since the round roof truss system is a geometrically complex structure, it is best to entrust its design to experts.
Note! It is better to pay and get high-quality and accurate calculations than to save money and make a mistake, as a result of which after a while the roof will leak or basically fall.
Dome roof
Another option for making a roof with a round base is to build it according to a dome design. As in the previous case, at the preparatory stage it will be necessary to carry out calculations and draw up detailed drawings, which are best entrusted to experts. This approach will allow you to avoid design errors. But the construction work itself can most likely be completed independently.
It is worth stating that, in general, the process of manufacturing a domed roof truss system is not much different from that outlined above, but at the same time it has some features.
- First, waterproofing is installed on the walls.
- Upon completion, the Mauerlat is installed and secured.
- After this, a vertical support column is placed, on which a second support ring is mounted at the top.
- Then you can move on to installing the rafters. For their manufacture, wooden arched elements are used, consisting of several sections. One end of the arch is attached to the mauerlat, and the other to the second support ring at the top of the load-bearing pillar. This type of rafter system is called hanging.
- Arch rafters should be installed near the pillar at a distance of approximately 70–90 cm from each other.
- Upon completion of their installation, a circular sheathing of unedged boards or timber is installed along their outer area.
- Waterproofing and, finally, roofing are laid on top of the sheathing.
Another method of making a “round” roof is the installation of a so-called geodesic dome. This technology is most common in Western countries, in particular the USA, but for a non-specialized audience it is worth familiarizing yourself with the technology.
So, in general, the process of manufacturing a rafter system using this technology is that triangular elements of the rafter system are made from scraps of timber, which, when connected to each other, form a rounded roof base.
It is intended to state that the connection of individual elements is made using special elements called connectors. In the case of their use, the assembly of a non-specialized structure occurs directly on top of the walls of the building. There is also a so-called connectorless installation method, in which individual triangles of the structure are planned in advance, and their assembly into a single structure occurs later.
It is worth emphasizing that the use of similar technology allows you to quickly build the desired structure, which will meet all the necessary operational requirements, and have a rather interesting and unique appearance. In addition, it is impossible not to note the following advantages:
- In addition, the dome creates a large free space that can also be used as a living space.
- This design requires less materials than if other technologies were used.
- The geodesic dome system does not weigh much, and therefore will not greatly increase the load on the walls and, consequently, the foundation, which in turn will have a positive impact on savings.
- In addition, it is necessary to highlight the good strength characteristics of the structure, which allow it to cope with heavy snow loads, which is important for the inhabitants of the northern regions.
- In addition, such a roof will have good aerodynamic performance, which allows the roof to successfully withstand enormous wind loads.
Bulb roofing
Another option for making a roof on a building that has a round shape is to install a so-called onion roof. Let us emphasize that this form of roof is in most cases used during the construction of churches and its use in a private building is hardly appropriate. But at the same time, we would like to state that situations in life are different and no information will be superfluous.
In general, the construction of a similar roof occurs using layered technology, in other words, the rafter elements are installed and secured, as if leaning against the load-bearing supports, in other words, the central pillar and the mauerlat along the perimeter of the walls. The main difference from other options for manufacturing rafter systems is the very specific shape of the rafters themselves, which gives the roof a recognizable appearance.
In order to achieve the required strength indicators, the rafters are additionally strengthened using a complex system of braces and spacers, which are installed in places of the greatest load.
Concluding the above, it is possible to add that, in principle, it is possible to build a roof, albeit a round one, on your own, but it is better to entrust the calculations necessary for the correct design of the rafter system to experts. Perhaps this is the main thing. The construction work itself can be carried out independently, of course, provided that you have certain knowledge and practice in carpentry.
Modern construction is intricate and sophisticated. You can also find houses that look more like castles and buildings built in high-tech style. There are even upside down houses. Of course, such architectural delights do not occur too often, but, nevertheless, there are precedents. The concept of aesthetics differs among people and therefore a variety of options are quite possible.
If the house has a complex multifaceted or round shape, then a roof of the appropriate shape must be built for it. Therefore, the answer to the question of how to make a round roof is quite relevant and requires consideration along with all the others.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Essentially speaking, there cannot be a completely round roof. The roof structure can have a conical or dome shape. Such a roof can be called round only conditionally, since it frames a round building, for example. Natural tiles or metal are usually used as roofing material for such roofs, but recently so-called soft bitumen-based tiles have become increasingly widespread.
It should also be especially noted that in order to build a rafter system for such a roof, you need to carry out a lot of calculations and drawings. This means that you need to have considerable knowledge in the field of higher mathematics and drawing. If there is no such knowledge, then the best way out of the situation would be to turn to the services of specialists.
If we describe the rafter system that is equipped with a house with a round roof, then it should be said that it is installed according to the layered principle. The stiffening ribs or rafters rest with one end on a ring-shaped mauerlat, which is laid along the perimeter of the walls of the building, and with the other, on a ring purlin, which is attached to the central load-bearing post. Several such purlins can be equipped, depending on the height of the roof.
Note! Installing a central pillar will entail an increased load on the ceilings, which must be taken into account when designing and choosing roofing material.
If it is assumed that the future roof will have a dome shape, then the rafters should have the shape of arches, which are also attached with one edge to the base on the wall, and the other to the ring support mounted at the top of the central pillar.
CONE ROOF
In order to better understand the essence of the process of making a cone-shaped roof, you need to take a closer look at the technology of its production.
First of all, waterproofing is installed under the Mauerlat. To do this, you can use the usual and well-known roofing material.
After laying it, the Mauerlat itself is mounted, for which you can use a wooden beam with a cross-section of 150x150 mm, depending on the length of the rafters. The Mauerlat is attached to the wall using anchor bolts.
After installing the Mauerlat, it is necessary to install a central pillar, which will serve as a support for the entire rafter system. It is attached to the base using supporting slopes made of timber or boards with a thickness of 40 mm or more. It is worth considering that before installing the load-bearing post, you need to secure a second support ring for the rafters, made of timber, in its upper part.
Once the post is installed, you can proceed to assembling the rafter system itself. For its manufacture, it is most advisable to use laminated timber. This material is able to withstand fairly large mechanical loads, while being affordable and versatile.
The assembly of the rafters consists of laying them and fixing them to the supporting elements. This is done by using construction angles. The distance between the supporting elements depends on the diameter of the roof, but should not be more than 50 - 70 cm, otherwise the rafter system will not be able to perform its supporting functions.
If the roof height is more than two meters, then an additional support ring is installed to support the roof. This ring is fixed to the rafters with self-tapping screws or in another way, and is attached to the post with spacers.
Once the rafter system is ready, you can proceed to further stages of installation. Next, the waterproofing material is laid.
You can attach it to the rafters and sheathing using a stapler.
After waterproofing, you can proceed to the installation of the roofing.
As mentioned above, since the round roof truss system is a geometrically complex structure, its design is best entrusted to specialists.
Note! It is better to pay and get high-quality and accurate calculations than to save money and make a mistake, due to which after a while the roof will leak or even collapse.
DOME ROOF
Construction of a dome roof
Another option for making a roof with a round base is to build it according to a dome design. As in the previous case, at the preparatory stage it will be necessary to carry out calculations and draw up detailed drawings, which are best entrusted to specialists. This approach will allow you to avoid design errors. But the construction work itself is quite possible to do independently.
It is worth saying that in general terms the process of manufacturing a domed roof rafter system is not much different from that described above, but it has some features.
First, waterproofing is installed on the walls.
Afterwards the Mauerlat is installed and secured.
Then a vertical support column is placed, on which a second support ring is mounted at the top.
Next, you can proceed to installing the rafters. For their manufacture, wooden arched elements consisting of several sections are used. One end of the arch is attached to the mauerlat, and the other to the second support ring at the top of the load-bearing pillar. This type of rafter system is called hanging.
Arch rafters should be installed around the post at a distance of approximately 70–90 cm from each other.
After their installation, a circular sheathing of unedged boards or timber is installed along their outer area.
Waterproofing and, finally, roofing are laid on top of the sheathing.
GEODESIC DOME
Another way to make a “round” roof is to install a so-called geodesic dome. This technology is most common in Western countries, in particular the USA, but for a general understanding it is worth familiarizing yourself with the technology.
So, in general terms, the process of manufacturing a rafter system using this technology is that triangular elements of the rafter system are made from scraps of timber, which, when connected to each other, form a rounded roof base.
It should be said that the connection of individual elements is made using special elements called connectors. If they are used, the assembly of the overall structure occurs directly on top of the walls of the building. There is also a so-called connectorless installation method, in which the individual triangles of the structure are assembled in advance, and their assembly into a single structure occurs later.
It is worth noting that the use of such technology allows you to quickly build the necessary structure, which will meet all the necessary operational requirements, and also have a rather interesting and original appearance. It is also impossible not to note the following advantages:
In addition, a fairly large free space is formed inside such a dome, which can be used, including as a living space.
This design requires less materials than other technologies.
The geodesic dome system is not very heavy, which means it will not greatly increase the load on the walls and, consequently, the foundation, which in turn will have a positive impact on savings.
It is also necessary to highlight the excellent strength characteristics of the structure, which allow it to cope with significant snow loads, which is important for residents of the northern regions.
Among other things, such a roof will have good performance in terms of aerodynamics, which allows the roof to successfully withstand high wind loads.
BULB ROOF
Onion roof diagram
Another option for making a roof on a building that has a round shape is to install a so-called onion roof. It should be noted that this form of roof is usually used during the construction of churches and its use in private construction is hardly appropriate. However, it should be said that cases in life are different and no information will be superfluous.
In general terms, the construction of such a roof uses layered technology, that is, the rafter elements are installed and secured, as if leaning against the load-bearing supports, that is, the central pillar and the mauerlat along the perimeter of the walls. The main difference from other options for manufacturing rafter systems is the very specific shape of the rafters themselves, which provides the roof with a recognizable appearance.
To achieve the required strength indicators, the rafters are additionally strengthened using a complex system of braces and spacers, which are installed in places of greatest load.
Concluding the above, we can add that, in principle, you can build a roof, even a round one, yourself, but it is better to entrust the calculations necessary for the correct design of the rafter system to specialists. Perhaps this is the main thing. The construction work itself can be carried out independently, of course, provided that you have certain knowledge and practice in carpentry.
Cone-shaped roofs are not so often found in the private sector; they are suitable for buildings with round or multifaceted wall structures. They have a rather complex rafter system, which is mainly made of laminated veneer lumber. The supports, called ring purlins, meet at the top and are mounted in a semicircular shape, which is mounted on a support post. In the lower part, the rafters, like spokes in a wheel, are inserted into the Mauerlat.
The lathing is not made of wooden blocks, but flexible plastic bars in two layers are used for this, thanks to them you can achieve an ideal arc surface that will smoothly bend around the cone. The bars are fastened with long self-tapping screws, passing through two layers of bars all the way to the rafters.
When the rafter system is securely fastened, the sheathing is completely completed and reliable waterproofing is done, you can begin laying the roofing material - tiles.
For conical roofs, two installation methods are used: segmented and seamless. The process of laying tiles on a conical roof structure is no different from a conventional roof. It is laid from bottom to top in an overlap of the adjacent side one and the top row of tiles covers the bottom one. But each subsequent row will be smaller in width than the previous one and the tiles must have a curvature or bevel that will correspond to the conical curve of the roof. Therefore, buy tiles that are designed for installation on conical roofs. Or ordinary tiles are cut out according to the markings.
With the seamless method: Before installing the tiles, an underlay carpet is laid over the entire surface of the roof. Then the slope is marked, chalk marks are applied to the circumference of the base of the roof, the width being equal to ½ of the shingle blade. Then, using a chalk cord, the notches are connected to the top of the cone. After this, the ordinary tiles are cut into individual petals and the first row is laid. Subsequent rows are shifted by ½ petal of the bottom row. A metal cap is placed on the top point of the conical roof.
Depending on how the tiles are attached: using the regular fastening method or the “beaver tail” method, the required amount of material is calculated:
If the tiles are laid regular fastening method, then the need for tiles is calculated as follows:
Conical surface area:
S cone side (m 2) = [Length of overhang around the circumference. (m)] x [Rafter length. (m)] /2
Need for tiles "beaver tail":
Since the tiles are cut to almost half the size, the need lies in the range from 35 (norm) to 70 (maximum) pcs./m2. That is approximately:
[Number of tiles, (pcs.)] = x [area, (m2)], - excluding damage during transportation and during processing.