How to write a plan for a thesis in any specialty. Template-example of the thesis (sample thesis in economics)
In essence, the plan is the content of the thesis.
Five years of fun student life have flown by, and it’s time to start writing my thesis. In this work, you must show all the knowledge acquired during your studies. It is based on the results of this work that teachers will evaluate you as a specialist. The most important thing in a diploma project is a properly drawn up plan, and the final grade will largely depend on it. Why do you need a plan?
Before starting the final work, you need to mobilize all your strength and knowledge, and take this work seriously. A plan is needed primarily in order to competently distribute and structure a large amount of information studied on the topic of work. After writing the plan, it becomes clearer and easier to present all the material studied. It is imperative to show it to the project supervisor, who can correct the student’s vision of the topic under study. It is the project manager who should be the main critic of your thesis project, and you should listen to his comments.
The main tasks that should be reflected in the final research plan are approximately the following:
- Completely study the research topic;
- Show the relevance of the research work;
- What is the methodological work based on?
- Show with an example the novelty of the research;
- Competently and clearly state your conclusions;
- One of the chapters of the plan should be practical.
Structure of the thesis plan
For any topic of the thesis project, there are certain standards and norms that must be observed when writing a pan, but if they are violated, the grade will be lower.
The plan should be constructed in the following sequence:
- Introduction;
- Theoretical chapter;
- Practical chapter;
- Chapter with scientific novelty;
- Conclusion;
- Literature;
- Applications.
Sibay Institute (branch)
I APPROVED
Head of graduation
qualifying work
Ph.D., Art. teacher Sitnova I.A.
"____"_____ ____ 20___
final qualifying work on the topic: “Formation of a quality management system for public services (using the example of MUP “Vodokanal”, Sibay, Republic of Bashkortostan)” student(s) gr. 5.1 Galimova I.G.
Introduction
1. Theoretical foundations for the formation of a service quality system
Definitions and concepts in the field of service quality
Service quality indicators
Methods for determining the level of service quality
2. Analysis of the activities of MUE "Vodokanal"
State and prospects for the development of water supply in Sibay
Analysis of financial and economic activities of MUP "Vodokanal"
MUP Vodokanal service quality management system
3. Improving the quality management system for public services of MUP Vodokanal
Measures to improve the quality of water supply
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed activities Conclusion
List of used literature
Applications
“___”_______ 20___ Student(s):___________________
APPENDIX 3
Example of a task for VKR
State educational institution
higher professional education
"Bashkir State University"
Sibay Institute (branch)
Department of Management and Economic Theory
I APPROVED
Head department ________________
____________________________
"___" ______________20____
for final qualifying work
student(s) gr. 5.1. Galimova I.G.
Theme of the WRC: “Formation of a quality management system for public services (using the example of MUP “Vodokanal” of Sibay, Republic of Bashkortostan)”, is fixed by the order of the rector dated “___”_________20___. No. ____.
Target setting: taking into account the specifics of the enterprise, develop and economically justify measures to improve the quality of public services for the population of Sibay based on an analysis of theoretical problems, as well as the practice of the enterprise under study.
Empirical base of the study: Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Vodokanal" of Sibay, Republic of Bashkortostan.
The main issues to be studied in the WRC:
The essence of the service quality system, indicators and methods for assessing the level of quality of services provided.
Analysis of the production sector, financial and economic condition and the service quality management system of the Vodokanal Municipal Unitary Enterprise (Sibay).
Directions for improving the service quality system of the municipal unitary enterprise "Vodokanal" (Sibay), calculating the effectiveness of their implementation.
Deadline for submitting completed work: “___” ______ 20____.
The assignment was issued by: “____”________20___, scientific supervisor______________________
Received the assignment: “___” _____________20___, student___________________________
APPENDIX 4
Sample design of the title page of the project
SIBAI INSTITUTE (BRANCH)
STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
"BASHKIR STATE UNIVERSITY"
GRADUATE QUALIFYING WORK
on the topic : “Quality management in the system of higher education in economic specialties (on the example of the Faculty of Economics of the Sibay Institute (branch) of the State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Bashkir State University”)”
STUDENT ________________ Arginbaeva R. R.
MANAGER _____________ Doctor of Economics, Prof. Barlybaev A. A.
ADMISSION TO PROTECTION
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT ___________ Ph.D., Assoc. Akhmetov V.Ya.
APPENDIX 5
Introduction | |
Chapter 1. Methodological and methodological foundations for research into quality management of university education | |
1.1. Quality management: concept and essence | |
1.2. Quality of higher education and methods of its assessment | |
1.3. Quality management system at the university | |
Chapter 2. Quality management of education at the Faculty of Economics of the Sibay Institute (branch) of the State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Bashkir State University" | |
2.1. General characteristics of the institute | |
2.2. Comprehensive assessment of the quality of the educational process at the Faculty of Economics: status and problems | |
Conclusion | |
List of used literature | |
Applications |
When preparing a plan for qualifying work, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with fundamental sources of information on the topic (textbooks, teaching aids, monographs, statistical collections, reference books), periodicals (magazines, newspapers, bulletins of regulations, collections of scientific papers, conference materials). Having chosen the most suitable sources of information, it is necessary to study them in order to theoretically understand the problem posed in the work, as well as to competently and completely draw up a research plan.
When drawing up a plan, it is necessary to take into account the requirements for the structure and content of the research project, as well as the problems identified in the process of studying the literature on the chosen topic. The names of sections should not repeat the title of the topic, and the names of subsections (paragraphs) should not repeat the names of sections. All names should reflect the main directions and expected results of the study. During the work process, the plan can be adjusted if this is caused by objective necessity. Adjustments to the research and development work plan and monitoring of compliance with the schedule for its preparation are carried out by the manager.
5 Structure of the bachelor's thesis and the content of its sections
5.1 Structural elements of VCR
1) title page;
3) introduction;
4) the main part, divided into sections and subsections with appropriate names (at least two main sections, each of which includes at least two subsections);
5) conclusion;
6) list of used literature;
7) applications.
Introduction- a very important part of scientific work. The introduction should reflect:
1 relevance of the WRC topic;
2 justification of the subject and object of research;
3 the formulation of the problem that needs to be solved, and the state of this problem at a given point in time, with reference to the works of leading experts in this field;
4 setting the goals and objectives of the study;
5 indication of research methods;
6 determination of practical significance;
7 the degree of development of the selected problem, indicating scientists who have made a significant contribution to research in the field under study;
8 structure of the work indicating the number of sources used.
Relevance– this is the rationale for choosing a topic, its correct understanding and assessment from the point of view of timeliness and social significance.
An element of the introduction is the formulation of the object and subject of the study. An object is a process or phenomena that gives rise to a problem situation and is chosen for study. The object is usually social institutions and organizations, formal and informal education, societies and clubs, movements and associations, personnel of the organization on whose factual material the research is being conducted. Item- these are those properties, features or aspects of an object that are subject to study. The subject of research can be public opinion, the interests and needs of people, the behavior of the masses, the laws of social development, social life, the main aspects and factors influencing the state of the object of study, methods that study this problem, etc.
The object and subject of research as categories of the scientific process are related to each other as general and particular. The part of an object that serves as the subject of research is identified. This is where the main attention of the researcher is directed. It is the subject of the work that determines the topic of the scientific work, which is indicated on the title page as the title.
The purpose of the work is also formulated here. Purpose of the study– this is a mental anticipation (prediction) of the result, determination of optimal ways to solve problems in the conditions of choosing methods and techniques of research in the process of preparing the research project (CR). Purpose of the work determines why the research is being conducted, what is planned to be obtained as a result. The goal is formulated based on the title of the work. Achieving the goal of the bachelor's work guides students towards solving the problem raised in two main directions - theoretical and applied.
Examples of successful goal formulation:
Study the features of social problems in the employment of young specialists and develop recommendations for smoothing them out;
Analyze the structure of the unemployed in the Primorsky Territory and propose ways to reduce unemployment;
Identify problems and trends in the formation of the labor market in Vladivostok and determine the prospects for its development;
Study the socio-psychological climate in the team, determine ways to improve it for optimal operation of the enterprise;
Analyze the adaptation system for new employees at a fishing industry enterprise and develop recommendations for its improvement, etc.
The purpose of the work determines the tasks (5-6 tasks) that must be solved during its implementation. This is usually done in the form of an enumeration (study..., describe..., establish..., identify..., develop a methodology... etc.). Job Objectives represent ways to achieve a goal. These are stages, at each of which one or another research operation is carried out (literature study, collection of empirical data, their analysis, construction of classifications, development of methods and their implementation, etc.).
The formulation of problems must be done as carefully as possible, since the description of their solution approximately constitutes the content of the chapters of the thesis. This is also important because chapter headings are usually born precisely from the formulation of the objectives of the research being undertaken.
Part of the introduction is a description of the methods and approaches used in the study, as well as an indication of its structure. Research method is a set of techniques, a way of obtaining reliable scientific knowledge, skills, practical skills and data in various fields.
Presentation of the research methods used allows you to evaluate the completeness of coverage of the skills and abilities acquired by the student while performing bachelor's work.
Practical significance should be presented with conclusions about the usefulness of the study and the data obtained as a result of this study, as well as recommendations for their practical use.
Characteristic work structures is a summary of the chapters and paragraphs of the main part.
The entire text of the “Introduction” should not exceed 2-3 pages.
IN main part The work solves the problems posed in the introduction. It should fully and systematically describe the state of the issue to which this study is devoted. The subject of the analysis is new ideas, problems, possible approaches to solving them, the results of previous research, as well as possible ways to achieve the goals and objectives. It is advisable to complete the main part with a justification for the chosen direction of work.
The main part of the work may consist of 2-3 sections, which can, in turn, be divided into subsections. The names of sections and subsections should not duplicate the title of the topic.
Chapters and paragraphs must be correlated with each other in terms of the volume of material presented. Optimally equal ratio of volumes of sections and subsections. The volume of subsections should not exceed the volume of any of the sections of the work. The headings of sections and subsections should be concise and consistent with their content.
The first section of the thesis is the theoretical part of the work, in which the student analyzes the current state of the issue under study and the degree of its elaboration. In this section, it is necessary to conduct a critical analysis of various opinions on the issue under study and give your own assessment of the controversial issues. Here we should summarize the existing practice in resolving this issue, including its legislative support, as well as formulate possible ways to effectively resolve the tasks. If there are debatable approaches in any subject area, it is necessary to show differing points of view, noting the one that the author will adhere to and which will be further developed by the author. It also describes the state of similar problems abroad and the accumulated experience in solving them. The theoretical section also reflects the logic of constructing design developments, on the basis of which the analysis and design of the control object is carried out. Thus, the theoretical section provides the conceptual basis for completing the following sections.
Since the bachelor's thesis examines a specific topic, a review of the work of predecessors should be done only on the issues of the chosen topic. In a literature review, there is no need to present everything that the student has learned from the material he has read and is only indirectly related to his work.
When presenting controversial issues, it is necessary to cite the opinions of various authors. If the work critically examines the point of view of any author, quotations should be given when presenting his thoughts: only under this condition can criticism be objective. If there are different approaches to solving the problem under study, it is mandatory to compare the recommendations contained in the current instructional materials and the works of various authors. Only after making a comparison should you justify your opinion on a controversial issue and put forward appropriate arguments.
The theoretical part is the justification for future developments, as it allows you to choose a methodology and technique for a comprehensive analysis of the problem.
The second section of the bachelor's thesis is usually calculation and analytical, i.e. practical part of the work. The purpose of the analytical section is to consider the characteristics of the facility and the management system, as well as to substantiate proposals for eliminating identified deficiencies, introducing new approaches, new technologies, etc. It should contain a general description of the object of study, an analysis of the problem being studied, as well as factual data processed using modern techniques and presented in the form of analytical calculations.
Aspects of the characteristics of the object under study may be: in general, organizations of various types; structural divisions of the organization; types of resources; management functions; state of personnel, problems specific to personnel; managers at various levels of the enterprise; stages of product development or service provision; characteristics of the finished product.
A sociological study is conducted, on the basis of which the state of the issue (problem) under study in a specific organization is analyzed on the basis of analytical tables and graphs. The practical part also provides justification for subsequent developments. The depth and validity of the proposed activities depends on the completeness of this part.
The main requirement for the analytical section is to reveal, on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the state of the object of study and the performance indicators of the enterprise (organization, government body, management system), the problems that are solved in the project section.
The analysis should not be reduced to a simple statement of the actual state of affairs. Using various methods of analysis, it is necessary to identify specific factors influencing changes in the level of each indicator, establish patterns of development and dependence, reveal the causes, shortcomings leading to a crisis or problematic situation, as well as reserves for improving the parameters of the object under study. The main results of this section are the basis for the development of activities, recommendations and design solutions.
An assessment is made of the advantages and disadvantages of solving the issue (problem), directions for a more effective solution are identified, unused reserves of the organization are identified, and recommendations are formulated to improve the efficiency of the organization. At the end of the section, conclusions are formulated. The second section of the bachelor's thesis should be approximately 20-25 pages.
In the project section work based on sociological research, generalization of the theoretical section, conclusions and recommendations of the analytical section, taking into account the goals and objectives of the final qualifying work, options for possible solutions (conclusions) of the problem under consideration are outlined. The third section of the bachelor's thesis should have a volume of approximately 10-15 pages.
The number of pins may vary, but should be at least 3–5. If there are a larger number of them, it is advisable to introduce additional structuring into their list (i.e., divide the conclusions into groups according to some logical basis).
Conclusions should contain an assessment of the compliance of the results with the stated goals and objectives of the study.
IN "Conclusion" The bachelor's thesis presents the main conclusions and achieved results of all the work. The conclusion should be brief and clear, but at the same time reflect the main results of the theory of the issue, the analysis performed and all proposed areas for improving the problem under study. In this case, it is necessary to especially note the degree of achievement of the set goals, the student’s personal contribution to the results obtained or the improvement of the resulting indicators, and an assessment of their economic efficiency. The volume of the “Conclusion” is about 2-3 pages.
List of used literature contains the name of works, sources (laws, various documents, state standards, monographs, textbooks, etc.) that were directly used by the author when writing the work. The number of sources and literature used in the work, as a rule, should be at least 30-40.
Auxiliary or additional materials that clutter the text of the main part of the work are placed in application. The appendices to the bachelor's thesis contain materials confirming the reliability of the research conducted (for example, summary tables, graphs, calculations made on the basis of well-known methods), as well as other documents essential for this work (for example, developed questionnaires, observer cards, interviewer sheets, etc.) . P.).
Requirements for application design are similar to those for VCR.
The WRC plan is a mandatory document and must consist of an introduction, main part, conclusion, list of references and appendices (if any). The thesis plan is executed on the form ( see sample).
Depending on the nature of the topic and the availability of factual material, the plan may be dominated by theoretical problems or practical issues. However, any work must outline the theory of the problem under study, analyze the practice of financial and economic activity, and justify specific practical proposals for increasing the efficiency of economic activity. The number of paragraphs in chapters is regulated and can range from two to four. Since, as a rule, three problems are brought up for defense of the WRC, usually the second and third chapters contain three or four paragraphs: in the second chapter, each paragraph identifies unresolved economic problems, and in each paragraph of the third chapter, directions for solving these problems are determined.
The WRC plan is a mandatory document and must consist of an introduction, main part, conclusion, list of references and appendices (if any).
Having received the organizational documents, you should begin to study the requirements for the design of the work.
Structure of the WRC and its contents
When writing text you need track then, so that during the presentation the main idea of the work, that is, the so-called “red thread,” is not lost.
When writing the text of a work, it is not allowed to use:
1) turns of colloquial speech, arbitrary word formations, professionalisms 1;
2) various scientific terms, similar in meaning, for the same concept;
3) foreign words and terms if there are equivalent words and terms in the Russian language;
4) abbreviations of designations of units of physical quantities, if they are used without numbers, with the exception of units of physical quantities in the heads and sides of tables and in decoding of letter designations included in formulas;
5) a mathematical minus sign (-) before negative values of quantities (instead of the mathematical sign (-) the word “minus” should be written);
6) mathematical signs without numbers, for example:<(меньше или равно), >(greater than or equal to), ≠ (not equal to), № (number), % (percentage).
The thesis must be written in good scientific language. This means both compliance with the general norms of literary language and rules of grammar, and taking into account the peculiarities of scientific speech: its accuracy, unambiguous terminology, and certain rules for the use of forms of speech.
Regarding the style of scientific speech, it should be remembered that the personal style of presentation in modern scientific literature has given way to an impersonal one. In other words, the pronoun “I” is not used, and the pronoun “we” is gradually falling out of use. The phrases “we can assume”, “let us assume that...” and others are used. Further, when discussing the scientific positions of this or that scientist or thinker, the present tense form is used. Note that there are words and expressions that should not be used at all in a scientific text: “well known”, “it goes without saying”, “naturally”. You should also not use the pronouns “something”, “something”, “something” because of their vagueness.
The material of the work must be presented in accordance with the title and purpose of the work, logically and consistently, the conclusions must be reasoned. It is necessary to clearly understand that the purpose of the work is not to simply describe the issues raised in the plan, but to analyze existing problems in the activities of economic entities and justify proposals for solving these problems. The development of each component of the work has its own characteristics
Since the WRC is an independent study, compilation is not allowed.
The topic of the WRC is revealed in the chapters of the work and should consist of interconnected theoretical, practical and recommendatory parts.
The work should consider and present:
Diploma work plan is written so that the student not only reveals the topic, but is also able to form a logical sequence. Then you can easily create your own structure, as well as succinctly convey information to the commission that will be present at the diploma defense.
Introduction
This is the first place where the diploma plan begins. The introduction covers the following points:
- Relevance and feasibility of the topic;
- what goals and objectives were achieved when writing the project;
- what subjects and objects are considered;
- practical significance of the thesis;
- what, where and how was studied;
- what main sources were in development at the time of writing;
- what is included in the structure of the thesis.
As a rule, the introduction should fit on two A4 sheets. That is, you need to describe your thesis project briefly and to the point. However, in some cases the volume is exceeded, but there is nothing to worry about. It is important not to exceed 5 A4 sheets. This will be considered too much and it is unlikely that the commission will have the patience to listen to the introduction for a long time.
Theoretical part
The subject and object of the study are described here. This part shows the student's knowledge of theory. The author of the thesis project in the first chapter shows that he has processed enough scientific literature, primary information (documents, postings, data from the archive, etc.) It all depends on the topic of the thesis.
It is also necessary to touch on a little history in the theoretical part. That is, here you can talk about the works of your predecessors. What they have achieved in this area and what mistakes may have been made.
As a rule, the author must convey to the commission that it is impossible to thoroughly learn the theory on the basis of textbooks or encyclopedias. Therefore, it must be confirmed by scientific facts. If the author of the thesis brings something new and unusual to science, this will be a big plus for the commission.
There are some nuances that will help you quickly and easily write the first chapter of your thesis project:
- Generate a list of sources used. This is necessary in order to immediately refer to the necessary literature when writing a paper.
- Write exclusively on this topic and reflect the essence of the problem.
- Write the opinions of several authors who know and have dealt with this problem.
- Present in a scientific style.
- It is logical to finish the first chapter of the theory and summarize the above.
Practical part
After writing a theory, it becomes easier to express thoughts, since the necessary scientific information has been obtained. Now you need to collect initial data about the enterprise that is described in the thesis. For this you need to undergo pre-diploma internship.
When the student has obtained the result at the enterprise using documentation and experiments, then an analysis needs to be carried out. To do this you need:
- Describe the object of the diploma project;
- justify the work methodology based on practical data;
- analyze data;
- develop a proposal for introducing something interesting, new and unusual into the enterprise;
- solve problems that are needed for the graduation project;
- summarize the practical part.
Conclusion
As can be seen from the example, the diploma must be logically completed. For this purpose, the “Conclusion” section has been compiled. The results of the research are described here, that is, the results are summed up and need to be logically structured. In conclusion it is written:
- the conclusion made by the author during the research on practice and theory;
- proposals for the introduction of new developments at the enterprise;
- summary, regarding the research perspective on the topic;
- answer the questions: “what tasks were given in the work?”, “what goals were achieved?”;
- write about the difficulties and problems identified at the enterprise;
In the final section you need to write briefly about the main thing. There should be a maximum of 3 A4 sheets. You need to write it in such a way that there is an ideal combination of practical and theoretical parts.
And now, finally, all that remains is to write down the sources that the student used, and the work can be considered completed. Literature must be modern. That is, you need to take textbooks that were written over the last 5 years. More recent sources may be used if historical facts or data are needed.
Literature is taken exclusively on the topic of the project. Most preference is given to scientific articles, statistics, monographs, etc. Laws should also be applied if the topic is suitable.
The literature used is written in alphabetical order:
- Galperin P. Ya. - “Introduction to Psychology.” – Rostov-on-Don, 2014. – 352 p.
- Lyutova S.N. – “Fundamentals of psychology and communicative competence” – M. MGIO – 2013 – 267 p.
- Rubinstein S.L. - “Fundamentals of General Psychology” - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2015. - 445 p.
Any official documents or laws used in the thesis project are written at the very beginning, before the literature.
Features of the thesis plan
Sometimes students make some mistakes that affect their defense. To prevent this from happening, you need to carefully know what should not be allowed when writing a diploma:
- Errors: punctuation and spelling.
- Lack of structure and consistency. All points must be logically related to each other.
- Inconsistency between plan and content.
- Lack of used sources at the end of the project. After all, as you write your thesis project, you need to leave references to the literature.
If you make the above mistakes, you can be sure that your thesis does not deserve more than three points. The commission evaluates not only the content, but also the entire structure of the project, from the introduction to the sources used.
Example of plan design
The example shows that the plan is made up of three chapters, each of which has subparagraphs. This is necessary for a full disclosure of the topic.
Sample plan for thesis in psychology
Psychological characteristics of children from large families
Introduction
1. Psychological characteristics of children from large families
1.1 Concept, typology and theoretical analysis of large families
1.2 Psychological characteristics of children from large families
2. Practical study of a large family
2.1 Main stages of scientific research
2.2 Problems of large families
2.3 Analysis and explanation of scientific research results
3. Recommendations for working with large families
3.1 Summary of the research obtained
3.2 Working with large families: recommendations and eliminating problems
Conclusion
List of used literature
Application
Sample plan for thesis in economics
Accounting and analysis of costs for production and sales of products at the enterprise LLC "Alisa"
Introduction
1. Theoretical research of the enterprise: cost accounting and analysis
1.1 Behavior of costs and their classification
1.2 The role of analysis in the study of the cost accounting process
2. Organization of the accounting process and cost analysis of the enterprise "Alice" LLC
2.1 Technical and economic characteristics of the enterprise LLC "Alisa"
2.2 Synthetic and analytical accounting of costs for production at the Alisa LLC enterprise
3. Analysis of costs for production and sales of products at the enterprise
3.1 Recommendations for cost analysis and product sales at the Alisa LLC enterprise
3.2 Results for managing costs and sales of products to enterprises
Conclusion
List of used literature
Application
So, now you know how to write a thesis plan. We looked at what nuances need to be taken into account when drawing up a plan and what you need to pay special attention to. If you adhere to the tips and recommendations described above, then you can easily and without obstacles write a plan, as well as defend your thesis. Conclusion
How to make a thesis plan (sample) updated: February 15, 2019 by: Scientific Articles.Ru