How to say gun in Polish. "Orthodox" cannon in the Polish Army
Gun "Armata wz. 02/26" - the result of modernization in 1926-1930. captured Russian 76.2 mm divisional gun "M-1902". The modernization consisted of replacing the barrel liner with a 75 mm one and installing gun panoramas own production. By the beginning of the war, the Polish army possessed 466 cannons. TTX guns: caliber – 75 mm; length – 4.3 m; width – 1.8 m; height – 1.6 m; weight – 1.2 t; initial speed – 588 m/s; rate of fire - 10 rounds per minute; maximum range shooting – 10 km.
The gun was put into service in 1934 and was produced in two modifications: “wz. 1878/09/31" and "wz. 1878/10/31". The gun was obtained by superimposing the barrel of a French 120 mm cannon mod. 1878 on the carriage of a Russian 152-mm howitzer of the 1909 model. By the beginning of the war, Poland had 32 and 6 guns of the corresponding modification. The 24 guns captured by the Wehrmacht were sold to Finland and used under the designation “120 K/78-31”. The gun was produced with both wooden and pneumatic wheels. TTX guns: caliber – 120 mm; trunk length – 3.2 m; weight – 3.1 t; projectile weight – from 18 to 20 kg; initial speed – from 313 to 604 m/s; rate of fire – 2 rounds per minute; firing range – 12 km.
105 mm cannon "wz. 29 Schneider" - Polish model "Canon de 105 mle 1913 Schneider", which was produced in 1930-1939. under license. As a result of modernization, the gun received an elongated barrel, a carriage with sliding frames and a sprung pneumatic stroke. Captured guns served in Germany and Finland. A total of 124 guns were manufactured. TTX guns: caliber – 105 mm; length – 6.4 m; width – 2.2 m; height – 1.9 m; trunk length – 3.3 m; mass in stowed position– 2.9 t; height of the firing line – 1.4 m; projectile weight – 15-16.4 kg; initial speed – 543 – 670 m/s; rate of fire - 6 rounds per minute; transportation speed on the highway – up to 24 km/h; firing range - 15.2 km; calculation – 9 people.
During the interwar period, the French 75 mm Mle gun became the standard divisional weapon of the Polish army. 1897, which received the local designation wz. 1897. Along with it, Poland had hundreds of Russian 76.2 mm guns of the 1902 model, captured as trophies during the Polish-Ukrainian and Soviet-Polish wars. The Poles also found use for these artillery systems, nicknamed “Orthodox”.
In the hostilities of 1919-1920 important role played by cavalry units, which required appropriate artillery to support them. In horse artillery, the Poles tried almost all the guns they had: German 77 mm FK 96 nA, Italian 75 mm M 06 (produced under license from Krupp), French 75 mm field Mle. 1897, 65 mm mountain Mle. 1906, as well as Russian three-inch guns developed by the Putilov plant. It was the latter that were considered the most suitable: the low center of gravity made the “Putilovka” more stable compared to the French cannon, which was important for fast movement and negotiating sharp turns.
As of October 1, 1920, the Polish Army had 322 “Orthodox” guns: including 159 in batteries, 38 on armored trains and river gunboats, 125 in reserve. By 1923 total guns of the 1902 model increased to 568 - probably as a result of the registration of previously unregistered specimens.
Modernization
In order to unify ammunition with the standard 75 mm wz. In 1897, the command of the Polish Army decided to recalibrate the 1902 model guns. Two recalibration options were used: replacing the barrel tube or introducing a liner. In addition, during the modernization, the rule (from straight to curved) and the coulter were replaced (now it was similar to the one used on the wz. 1897 cannon), the wheel hubs were strengthened, and sight lighting was installed for shooting at night. A number of smaller improvements were also introduced, such as the placement of mounts for accessories or changing the scope graduation to metric measures. Russian-style limbers and charging boxes (with a capacity of 36 and 44 unitary cartridges, respectively) were preserved only in the regimental artillery platoons of infantry regiments. The cartridges in them were placed in trays (four pieces each). For horse artillery, Italian-style limbers and charging boxes (capacity 32 and 64 rounds, respectively) were considered more suitable. They belonged to the socket type - the cartridges were inserted directly into the sockets of the limber or charging box. The horse artillery used the Austrian clamp-type harness, and the infantry used the Russian one.
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General view of the wz gun. 1902/26.
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Italian style charging box.
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Russian style front end.
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The upgraded gun was designated 75 mm armata polowa wz. 1902/26 (75 mm field gun model 1902/26). In 1926–1930, 400 guns were converted at a factory in the city of Starachowice, but the rest were left in the original caliber - Poland still had a fair supply of 76.2 mm rounds. Small batches were reworked later. In August 1939, the Polish Army had 425 75 mm wz. 1902/26 and 89 - 76.2 mm wz. 1902.
In the 30s, the idea of replacing “Orthodox” guns was actively discussed on the pages of Polish military periodicals. Their main disadvantage was considered to be the inability to fire at mounted trajectory. The idea of replacing 75-mm guns with howitzers was put forward, but this was prevented large mass such tools. Horse artillery required light systems that allowed for rapid marches. The feasibility of transferring horse artillery divisions to mechanical traction was also discussed, but before the start of World War II, neither the “howubization” nor the motorization of horse artillery was carried out.
Organization of units armed with wz cannons. 1902/26
Inferior tactical unit The horse artillery was a squad (in Polish terminology - działon), consisting of two six-horse teams - a gun with a limber and a charging box (also with a limber). Each team consisted of three pairs of horses: drawbar, middle and front. The strongest and tallest horses were selected for the drawbar pair, since they bore the brunt of the work when starting off, and most importantly, when braking and descending downhill.
Horse artillery during exercises.
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In light artillery regiments infantry divisions(operating cannons wz. 1897), as well as in platoons of regimental artillery (with “Orthodox” cannons), part of the servants moved while sitting on the limbers. In the horse artillery, no one sat on the limber - all the servants moved on horseback. The rider sat on the left (saddle) horse of each pair. On the march, behind the gun team, a crew moved on horseback in two ranks: in the first (from left to right) - equipping, 1st horse guide, loading, correct; in the second - gunner, 3rd horse guide, castle and 2nd horse guide. Next moved the team of the charging box, and behind it in a line were a horse guide (in the center) and two carriers (on the sides). All of the military personnel listed were privates. In addition, the squad had two non-commissioned officers: the squad commander (also the gun crew commander) with the rank of corporal or platoon and his deputy (box non-commissioned officer), usually a corporal. On the march, the squad leader rode next to the first pair of horses of the gun team, and the deputy rode next to the first pair of horses of the charging box team. After removing the gun and charging box from the limbers and installing them in position, the box non-commissioned officer supervised the movement of the teams with the limbers to a safe place.
Box harness with Italian-style charging box.
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In total, the department consisted of 25 horses (12 draft and 13 riding) and 19 people personnel. Of the latter, only seven people (plus the squad leader) made up the crew of the gun, while the rest were necessary to work with horses (riders, horse handlers and a box non-commissioned officer).
The two sections formed a platoon led by an officer, usually a second lieutenant. The battery consisted of two fire platoons, a machine gun section and a control section.
Demonstration exercises during the visit of the Afghan Ambassador to the 1st Horse Artillery Division.
Janicki P., Dobrowolski P. Armata polowa 75 mm wz. 02/26 // Wielki Leksykon Uzbrojenia. Wrzesień 1939. – 2013. – T. 11
A horse artillery division (DKA) could have a three- or four-battery composition, depending on the composition of the cavalry brigade it was part of (the brigades were three- or four-regiment). According to peacetime states, the three-battery division consisted of 504 personnel (25 officers, 61 career non-commissioned officers, 418 non-commissioned officers and privates conscript service) and 450 horses. Wartime states provided for 770 personnel (27 officers, 743 non-commissioned officers and privates) and 875 horses.
Teams of guns wz. 1902/26 during the funeral procession of Józef Piłsudski. Krakow, May 18, 1935.
nac.gov.pl
In 1928, the infantry regiments began organizing artillery platoons, armed with wz. cannons. 1902/26. By the end of May 1928, such units already existed in 32 regiments.
Platoon infantry artillery, as well as the horse one, consisted of two sections, each of which included two teams - a gun team and a box team. But unlike horse artillery, the crew moved, sitting on the limbers - three on each. Thus, in infantry artillery the crew of the wz. 1902/26 consisted not of seven, but of six people (the correct one was missing). In addition, the platoon had two telephone patrols (foot and horse) and a reconnaissance section. Platoon management included a commander (captain or lieutenant), his deputy (lieutenant or second lieutenant), a fire non-commissioned officer and a gun foreman. In addition to the teams, the platoon had a telephone gig and a baggage wagon. The firepower of two guns was clearly not enough to support an infantry regiment, so plans were worked out to form four-gun batteries in infantry regiments (they were never implemented before the start of World War II).
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Gun wz. 1902/26 with a Russian-style charging box used in infantry artillery.
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Gun wz. 1902/26 with a Russian-style charging box, modified in Poland (two boxes for fuses are installed on top).
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September Campaign
When mobilized in August 1939, the horse artillery fielded 11 divisions: 7 three-battery (from the 2nd to the 7th and 14th) and 4 four-battery (1st, 9th, 11th, 13th), in total 148 guns. In addition, the available supernumerary weapons made it possible to form several more units: the 15th battery (based on the 1st DKA), the six-gun battery of captain Stanislav Kozika, also known as the 5th battery of the 1st DKA or the Warsaw defense battery (based on the 1st DKA). of the 3rd reserve horse artillery center in Minsk-Mazowiecki), the ZADORA battery (based on the 3rd reserve horse artillery center in Włodawa) and the marching platoon of the 14th DKA.
Removing the wz cannon from the front. 1902/26 (from the infantry artillery).
Rozdżestwieński P.
There were infantry artillery platoons in all 90 regular infantry regiments of the Polish Army - in total they had 184 wz cannons. 1902/26. It is unknown whether such platoons were formed in the reserve infantry regiments deployed in September 1939.
Another area of application for wz. 1902/26 were armored trains. In September 1939, 25 such guns were in service with ten armored trains: No. 11 "General Sosnkovsky" and No. 51 "First Marshal" - four each, No. 54 "Grozny" - three, No. 11 "Danuta", No. 12 "Poznanczyk", No. 14 “Paderewski”, No. 15 “Death”, No. 52 “Pilsudczyk”, No. 53 “Brave” and No. 55 “Bartosz Glowacki” - two each.
In April 1939, positions were approved for positional artillery platoons, which were staffed with non-modernized 76.2 mm wz. 1902. Type I platoon had three guns. During mobilization in August 1939, only one such unit was formed - the 111th platoon, which became part of the 2nd Marine rifle regiment. 22 type II two-gun platoons were formed: from the 11th to the 14th - in the Modlin army, the 15th, 16th, and also from the 36th to the 38th - in the separate operational group "Narev", with 31st to 35th - in the fortified area "Grodno", 51st and 52nd - in the "Carpathian" army, from 53rd to 58th - in the "Krakow" army. For the most part, these platoons were used in fortified positions, but there were exceptions - for example, the 53rd and 54th platoons became part of the 21st Mountain Infantry Division.
A type II positional artillery platoon consisted of two sections (each with a section commander and a gun crew of six people), a reserve (non-commissioned officer and four privates) and a platoon commander with an orderly. Thus, the platoon consisted of 21 personnel. No staff vehicles the platoon did not have positional artillery.
Guns wz. 1902/26 participated in the Second World War from its first hours. One of the most striking episodes was the Battle of Mokra, in which the Volyn Cavalry Brigade took part, and it included the 2nd Horse Artillery Division (commander - Lieutenant Colonel Jan Kaminski). Mobilized on August 14, 1939, the division was transported to Radomsko station by rail. The brigade was given the task of covering the left flank of the Lodz army, maintaining contact with the Krakow army and covering the direction to Radomsko and Skarzysko-Kamienna. The 2nd DKA was supposed to defend the direction to Miedzno, as well as support the brigade regiments. At the last moment, the Volyn Cavalry Brigade received a fourth in addition to its three regular regiments, but the 2nd DKA remained with three batteries.
The main line of defense of the 2nd DKA passed through the village of Mokra, located on big clearing(approximately 5 x 4 km) in the middle forest area. On the eastern side, the clearing was closed by a railway, along which the batteries were located, with the direction of fire to the west. The most advanced in this direction was the 1st battery of Captain Sokolovsky. All guns were installed in pre-prepared trenches (depth along the wheel axis) and covered with camouflage nets. The forefield was cleared - fences and bushes that limited the shelling were removed. The division's observation post was located on a hill north of the village of Mokra, a communications network prepared in advance connected it with the batteries and command post. The division's limbers and ammunition column were located in the forest behind the railroad.
At dawn on September 1, the German 4th Panzer Division crossed the border - on its way were the positions of the Volyn Cavalry Brigade. At about 7:00 the observation post of the 3rd battery came under air attack, but escaped casualties. Half an hour later, several tanks appeared from the direction of the village of Walenczow - targeted fire from the 3rd battery forced them to retreat. Meanwhile, the 1st battery entered the battle and fired at the enemy column moving along the road from Krzepice.
At about 8:00, from the observation post of the 3rd battery, a cluster of about 25 German tanks in the village of Vilkovetsko - the 2nd and 3rd batteries immediately opened fire on them. Having lost three tanks, the Germans retreated and took cover behind buildings. Soon the artillerymen thwarted an enemy attempt by an infantry battalion with the support of tanks to attack the positions of the 21st Lancer Regiment. Under fire from all the batteries of the division, the Germans had to retreat. At about 10:00 the division's positions were subject to an air raid, and immediately after this the enemy again attempted to attack the 21st Regiment. And this time the artillerymen rose to the occasion - knocking out six tanks, they forced the Germans to retreat.
The respite lasted about two hours, which was used to replenish ammunition and target the threatened areas. The 3rd battery changed position, preparing to fire directly. At about 12:00 several dozen tanks appeared in the Mokraya area. Having broken through the line of defense of the 12th Lancer Regiment, they broke into the position of the 2nd Battery. Second Lieutenant Stanislav Piotrovsky described the battle this way:
“The enraged tanks, scouring the clearing, moved towards firing positions 2nd Division of Horse Artillery... The artillerymen did not stop firing for a moment. All more tanks stopped, engulfed in flames. But the rest walked forward, firing machine guns.”
The result of this phase of the battle was the defeat of the 2nd battery (only one gun survived) and serious losses of the 3rd battery (two guns). Only the well-camouflaged 1st battery was almost undamaged.
Oath of office for recruits of the 7th Horse Artillery Battalion, 1936. Until 1938, artillery units of the Polish Army did not have banners, and the oath was taken on the guns.
nac.gov.pl
Due to the losses suffered, Lieutenant Colonel Kaminski withdrew the remnants of the 2nd battery from the battlefield, while the 1st and 3rd entered the fray again when at about 15:00 the Germans launched another attack. After about an hour, the Polish artillerymen had to retreat behind the line railway. When all the batteries arrived at the assembly point in the village of Golchevo, it turned out that the 2nd DKA had lost five guns and nine charging boxes in the battle. One officer and 26 gunners were killed, about 50 gunners and two officers were injured, and another 30 soldiers were missing. 115 horses died. The main losses were suffered not from enemy fire, but from the tank tracks, which literally crushed the positions of the 2nd battery. During the battle of Mokra, the Volyn cavalry brigade, thanks to the selfless and competent actions of the artillerymen, was able to delay the advance of the much stronger 4th for a day tank division. The battered 2nd Division received reinforcements only on September 12, when the 15th Battery joined it.
The experience of this and subsequent battles showed that the wz. 1902/26 can be very effective anti-tank weapon. The gun's ammunition included special armor-piercing and semi-armor-piercing shells, but best view Ammunition for destroying tanks, oddly enough, turned out to be ordinary steel grenades. Armor-piercing projectile required a direct hit on the target, and a grenade could disable a light tank even with a close explosion. Thus, there are known cases of damage to the upper projection of a tank when a grenade exploded above it in the crown of a tree.
The conditions of the battle near Mokra were, perhaps, ideal for the artillerymen: they operated from previously prepared and camouflaged positions. However, in most cases, cavalry brigades were used as a mobile reserve, so horse artillery had to fight oncoming battles. Lieutenant Zbigniew Baranski from the 15th Poznan Uhlan Regiment described one of the battles that broke out at dawn on September 19 near the village of Sierakow, where the 1st battery of the 7th DKA was operating:
“An avalanche of tanks appeared on the forefield. They came close, but were delayed by fire anti-tank guns, machine guns and special carbines[PTR wz. 35], some of them burst into flames. And then - as in ancient Napoleonic times - the battery of the 7th DKA of Captain Nagursky galloped out to the edge of the forest, removed the guns from the limbers and, aiming at the barrels, opened fire on the approaching tanks, achieving a noticeable effect. This youth strengthened the spirit of the defenders, the fire intensified, and the advance of enemy tanks was choked.”
It was in such fast-paced battles, operating from open positions, that horse artillery suffered the greatest losses.
284 “Orthodox” guns became German trophies.
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After the defeat of Poland, the “Orthodox” guns became Soviet and German trophies. The Red Army captured only 30 wz guns. 1902/26 and wz. 1902, significantly more of these guns - 284 units - went to the Wehrmacht, which adopted them under the designation 7.5 cm FK 02/26(p). 54 of them were sold to Finland at the end of 1940, the rest were used to arm rear units, armored trains, and also in the system coastal defense. As of March 1, 1944, the Wehrmacht had 90 FK 02/26(p) guns - 71 in the East, 4 in the Balkans and 15 in France.
Literature:
- Janicki P., Dobrowolski P. Armata polowa 75 mm wz. 02/26 // Wielki Leksykon Uzbrojenia. Wrzesień 1939. – 2013. – T. 11
- Konstankiewicz A. Broń strzelecka i sprzęt artyleryjski formacji polskich i Wojska Polskiego w latach 1914-1939. – Lublin, 2003
- Korbal J. Artyleria konna Wojska Polskiego w r. 1939 // Technika Wojskowa Historia. – 2014. – No. 5
- Rozdżestwieński P. Armata wz. 1902/26 w pułkach piechoty II Rzeczypospolitej // Militaria XX wieku. – 2012. – No. 1
- ZasiecznyA. Broń Wojska Polskiego 1939-1945. – Warsaw, 2010
Poland - state and tactics armored forces
By the time the Germans invaded Poland in 1939, the Polish army had 169 7TR tanks, 38 Vickers 6-ton tanks, 67 light tanks Renault FT-17s remaining from the First World War, 53 Renault R-35 light tanks (which were transferred to Romania without taking part in battles), approximately 650 TK/TKS tankettes and about 100 various armored vehicles. It is clear that this modest force had no chance of defeating the Germans, armed with more than 3,000 tanks; as a result most of Polish armored vehicles were very quickly destroyed, and what survived fell into the hands of the Germans.
A significant role in the rapid defeat of the Polish armored forces was also played by the fact that in battles the Poles used their tanks according to the French model. They distributed all available armored forces among infantry and cavalry units, reducing their importance to exclusively tactical - that is, supporting infantry and cavalry on the battlefield. None tank units There was no talk of anything larger than a battalion in the Polish army (as well as in the French). Thus, in the use of tanks on the battlefield, the Poles could not match the Germans, who used powerful " armored fists“However, the equipment that was in service with the Polish army could only be used for a similar purpose. So the Polish Army tried to use the available armored forces with the highest possible efficiency for their then state.
Polish armored vehicles
Like most troops of other countries, the Polish army for a long time enjoyed it foreign tanks. The first tanks appeared among the Poles back in 1919 - these were the French Renault FT-17, which proved themselves to be excellent during the First World War. They formed the basis of the Polish tank forces until 1931, there was no need to replace these outdated machines.
In 1930, the Polish delegation signed a contract with Great Britain for the supply of 50 Vickers Mk.E tanks ("Vickers 6-ton"). The tank made a positive impression on the Poles, but it had a number of shortcomings - thin armor, weak armament, consisting only of machine guns, and an unreliable engine. In addition, the tanks were very expensive: the cost of one Mk.E was 180,000 zlotys. In this regard, in 1931, the Polish government decided to develop on its basis own tank. This is how the most successful one appeared fighting machine Polish army - light tank 7TR.
Light tank Renault FT-17
The French tank Renault FT-17 was the most mass tank 1st World War and, in addition, the most belligerent. He performed well in battles and was extremely popular. That is why this tank has become widespread in the armies of the world - it was readily purchased by the military of both European and Asian countries. Polish tanks Renault FT-17s appeared in service with Pilsudski's legionnaires in 1919 and were used in the Soviet-Polish war of 1920. But by 1939, the famous “French” were hopelessly outdated: suffice it to say that the maximum possible speed of movement did not even reach 10 km/h! There was no need to talk about the combat effectiveness of such tanks in the new conditions, and the Poles did not even try to produce them.
The tank had a simple hull, assembled on a frame made of metal corners. Chassis consisted of four carts - one with three and two with two small-diameter rollers on board. Suspension - on leaf springs. The drive wheel was located at the rear, and the guide wheel at the front. The tank was equipped with a Renault carburetor engine (35 hp). Speed - up to 7.7 km/h. The armament, housed in a rotating turret, consisted of a 37 mm cannon or machine gun. The crew consisted of only 2 people. The thickness of the vertically located armor parts is 18 millimeters, and the roof and bottom are 8 millimeters. Combat weight 6.5 tons.
Vickers Mk.E
The Vickers Mk.E, also commonly known as the Vickers Six Ton, was a British light tank from the 1930s. Created by Vickers-Armstrong in 1930. Suggested british army, but was rejected by the military, so almost all of the tanks produced were intended for export. In 1931-1939, 153 Vickers Mk.E tanks were produced. In many countries that purchased this tank, it served as the basis for their own developments, the production of which was sometimes many times greater than the production of the base vehicle. In particular, 38 Vickers Mk.E tanks were used in the Polish Army against German army(according to the contract, the Poles were supposed to receive 50 of these vehicles, but 12 of them never arrived in Poland).
Combat weight, t 7
Layout: double-tower
Crew, people 3
Case length, mm 4560
Case width, mm 2284
Height, mm 2057
Ground clearance, mm 380
Booking
Body forehead, mm/deg. 5-13
Hull side, mm/deg. 5-13
Hull feed, mm/deg. 8
Armament
Machine guns 2 × 7.92 mm Browning
Engine power, l. With. 91.5
Highway speed, km/h 37
Cruising range on the highway, km 120
Light tank 7TR
7TR was built from 1935 to 1939. The first model had two turrets, each with a machine gun. The thickness of the hull was increased to 17 mm, and the turret to 15 mm. On March 18, 1935, the Ursus plant received an order for 22 double-turret tanks armed with 7.62 mm Browning machine guns. As power plant Instead of the English Armstrong-Siddley carburetor engine, a Saurer diesel engine with a power of 111 hp was used. With. In this regard, it was necessary to change the design of the housing above power department. Next model had one Swedish-made turret with a 37 mm Bofors cannon and a 7.92 mm machine gun. It was these single-turret 7TPs that became the most successful tanks Polish armed forces.
The crew of the 7TR tank consisted of 3 people. The driver was located in the front of the hull on the right, the commander was in the turret on the right, and the gunner was in the turret on the left. Observation devices were simple and few in number. The sides of the towers had two viewing slits protected by armored glass, and telescopic sights were installed next to the machine guns. The driver only had a front double-leaf hatch, in which an inspection slot was also cut out. Periscope devices were not installed on double-turret tanks.
The Swedish 37-mm Bofors cannon, mounted on the single-turret 7TR, had high combat qualities for its time and was capable of hitting almost any tank. At a distance of up to 300 meters, an armor-piercing projectile penetrated armor up to 60 mm thick, up to 500 meters - 48 mm, up to 1000 meters - 30 mm, up to 2000 meters - 20 mm. The armor-piercing projectile weighed 700 grams and developed initial speed 810 m/s. The practical range was 7100 meters, the rate of fire was 10 rounds per minute.
Combat weight, t 11
Crew, people 3
Length 4990
Width 2410
Height 2160
Armor, mm: up to 40
Speed (on highway), km/h 32
Cruising range (on highway), km/h 160
Wall height, m 0.61
Ditch width, m 1.82
Wedge heel TKS
TK (TK-3) and TKS - Polish wedge (small reconnaissance turretless tank) from the Second World War. Developed on the basis of the British Carden Loyd wedge chassis. The TK was produced starting in 1931. In 1939, the tankette began to be re-equipped with a 20 mm cannon, but before the start of the war, only 24 units managed to be modernized. TKS have also been used as armored tires.
Weight, kg: 2.4/2.6 t
Armor: 4 – 10 mm
Speed, km/h: 46/40 km/h
Engine power, hp: 40/46 l/s
Cruising range, km: 180 km
Main armament: 7.92 mm wz.25 machine gun
Length, mm: 2.6 m
Width, mm: 1.8 m
Height, mm: 1.3 m
Crew: 2 (commander, driver)
Modifications
TK (TK-3) - about 280 produced since 1931.
TKF - TK wedge with 46 hp engine. (34 watt); About 18 were produced.
TKS - improved model of 1933; About 260 units were produced.
TKS with 20 mm gun - about 24 TKS were equipped with the 20 mm gun in 1939.
C2P - unarmed light artillery tractor, approximately 200 produced.
Combat use
By the beginning of the invasion of Poland in 1939, the Polish army managed to mobilize 650 tankettes. A German tank officer captured in the early days of the war appreciated his speed and agility. Polish wedge heel, stating: "...it is very difficult to hit such a small cockroach with a cannon."
In September 1939, Polish tanker Roman Edmund Orlik, using a TKS wedge with a 20-mm gun, together with his crew, knocked out 13 German tanks (including presumably one PzKpfw IV Ausf B).
Armored car Wz.29
Samochód pancerny wz. 29 - “armored car model 1929” - Polish armored car of the 1930s. The first armored car of a completely Polish design, wz.29, was created by designer R. Gundlach on the chassis of the Ursus A truck in 1929. In 1931, the Ursus plant, which supplied the chassis, and the Warsaw Central Automobile Workshops, which supplied the armored hulls, assembled 13 armored vehicles of this type. The Wz.29 remained in Polish service until the outbreak of World War II. On September 1, 1939, the troops still had 8 units, which were actively used in the September battles, during which all were lost or destroyed by the crews in order to prevent capture by the enemy.
Combat weight, t 4.8
Crew, people 4
Number of issued, pcs 13
Dimensions
Case length, mm 5490
Case width, mm 1850
Height, mm 2475
Base, mm 3500
Track, mm 1510
Ground clearance, mm 350
Booking
Armor type: rolled steel
Body forehead, mm/deg. 6-9
Hull side, mm/deg. 6-9
Hull feed, mm/deg. 6-9
Armament
Caliber and brand of 37 mm SA 18 gun
Ammunition for gun 96
Machine guns 3 × 7.92 mm "Hotchkiss"
Ammunition for machine guns 4032
Engine type: in-line 4-cylinder carburetor liquid-cooled Ursus 2A
Engine power, hp 35
Wheel formula 4 × 2
Highway speed, km/h 35
Cruising range on the highway, km 380
Climbability, degrees. 10
Fordability, m 0.35
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A GUN- an artillery gun for flat firing at ground (surface) targets or for firing at air targets. Caliber modern guns 20 210 mm, barrel length 40 80 calibers, firing range up to 35 km or more; is in service with ground... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
A GUN- GUN, ARTILLERY weapon, consisting of a metal barrel, with the help of which projectiles are directed at the target and fired thanks to the force of the explosion of gunpowder placed at the closed end of the barrel. Guns were introduced into use in the 14th century... ... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary
A GUN- GUN, guns, women. An artillery gun with a long barrel. || Generally the name of artillery pieces. “I hammered the charge into the cannon tightly.” Lermontov. ❖ For a gun (simple) free of charge, for nothing; fraudulently. You can’t shoot through a gun (colloquial) 1) about big things... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
CANNON 1- CANNON 1, and, f. Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
a gun- GUNS, and, wives. 1. A long-barreled artillery gun with a sloping trajectory for firing over long distances. Anti-aircraft village. Anti-tank village. P. howitzer. You can't hit it with a gun (oh large quantities people, as well as about a stubborn person, to whom... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
A gun- This term has other meanings, see Cannon (meanings). Field gun 17th century... Wikipedia
Books
- Cannon, Dmitry Holendro. Dmitry Holendro - famous writer, who traveled military roads first as a gunner, then as a front-line correspondent. In the autobiographical story "Cannon" the author talks about the fate...
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