Famous gypsies. Under the wolf sun
Let's start not with the gypsies, but with the blacks.
They have this manner. If any famous person had even a drop of Negro blood, he is proudly included in the list of “great Africans.”
Among other things, I have been working for many years on a non-fiction book called “The History of African-Americans.” Naturally, mountains of literature passed through my hands. And with all my respect for the black race, I could not help but smile when I came across Pushkin’s portrait in the richly published black encyclopedias. If someone doesn't know, I'll explain. Supporters of the so-called Afrocentrism strive to declare as “theirs” all the brilliant people who can somehow - even formally - be linked to “black culture.” Therefore, the portrait of our Alexander Sergeevich flaunts with the caption “great black poet.”
Do you find it funny?
And the creators of the lists of great blacks do not care about your emotions. They firmly decided that a quarter of African blood was more important to national identity than anything else. Let these savages from Russia think that Pushkin is a great Russian poet. It’s clear where the genius came from in this head! If there had not been a “black grandfather - Hannibal,” the whites would have been left without the “sun” of their poetry.
And don't even try to argue. You are doomed to failure. Next to the portrait of Pushkin is a portrait of Alexandre Dumas. If someone thinks that the author of “The Three Musketeers” is a French writer, then it’s time to part with misconceptions. Dumas with black blood is even better than Pushkin. Twice as much! Therefore, we write under his portrait - “The great black writer, whose books have been translated into all languages of the world.”
Well, since the blacks began the corresponding search fifty years earlier than the gypsies, the results of their tireless efforts look much more solid. The lists of “great Africans” now look very impressive. Their only drawback is the opposite effect. Russians, French, English and Spaniards show only two reactions when viewing “Negro encyclopedias”. Some laugh, others are offended. And as far as I know, no one has become more respectful of the black race thanks to the attempts of Afrocentrists to cling to someone else's glory.
Keeping all this in mind, let's take a walk through the gypsy websites and pages of gypsy newspapers.
Regarding Charlie Chaplin, there has long been a life-and-death struggle between Roma and Jewish national activists... Okay. We will assume that the Jews and the British have nothing to do with this. Charlie Chaplin is a gypsy.
As they say in Odessa, “you will laugh a lot,” but mathematician Sofya Kovalevskaya is a gypsy.
US President Clinton is a gypsy. According to some vague distant ancestor.
It is difficult to declare Stalin a gypsy. But you can safely call his wife Alliluyeva a gypsy. Not long ago a huge article was published on this topic in the national press.
And let Ukrainians stop ascribing to themselves a twice Hero Soviet Union S.A. Kovpaka. Roma activists have long agreed among themselves that he is a Roma. No less than thirty arrogant articles have already been published on this topic.
Please note that in all of these cases, the basis is the deeply vicious principle of “blood”. National activists do not care what the person himself said or who he felt like. According to their strange ideas, the authority of the Gypsy people will only increase if a figure completely alien in mentality joins the Gypsy pantheon. And in my opinion, gypsy culture does not need false supports at all. There are people who not only had a particle of Gypsy blood in their veins - they were raised in a national environment, never hesitated to declare themselves Gypsies and consciously worked for the benefit of their people. Does it bother you that the whole world knows Chaplin, but Nikolai Pankov or Nikolai Zhemchuzhny is known only to his own people? In vain. Geniuses on a global scale are “piecemeal goods.” Very many nations that have their own state cannot boast of a single compatriot who has world fame... Dear readers. Please name a Latvian, Thai, Peruvian, Algerian or Belgian comparable to Shakespeare or Napoleon. Imagine how funny it will be if all these peoples begin to take away other people’s geniuses according to the Negro principle: “I walked by - I see that they are lying badly”? I don’t know about you, but I find it funny that a Ukrainian historian recently declared the ancient conqueror Atilla “his own.” According to his version, this is a distorted name of the great Ukrainian hero Mochila.
I’m throwing one more figure at the fans of “great gypsies”. From a purely formal point of view, she has much more rights to “gypsy” than the patrizan general Kovpak. I advise you to declare Vasily Ivanovich Chapaev a great gypsy commander!
To this end, let's open Dmitry Furmanov's book together. At the beginning of the chapter “Biography of Chapaev” the commissioner wrote down the hero’s own confession civil war. I quote:
“Do you know who I am?” Chapaev asked me today as they sat in the sleigh, and his eyes sparkled naively and mysteriously. “I was born from the daughter of a Kazan governor and a gypsy artist...
I was about to assume that he was “deigning to joke,” but, after waiting a minute, and not hearing a cry of amazement from me, Chapaev continued:
- I know that it’s hard to believe, but it was... everything was as it is... He, the gypsy, carried away her mother, and abandoned the pregnant woman..."1
At this point I will interrupt the quote (then there is a story about how the governor’s family gave away the newborn Vasyatka to the janitor, and he sent the baby to his brother in the village). In any case, we have something that is not in Kovpak’s biography. There is Chapaev’s own confession, recorded by Furmanov in 1923. And I won’t be surprised if my humorous proposal is taken seriously (as once happened with the advice to celebrate the 500th anniversary of the gypsies in Russia). I thought that the formal clue to the 1501 document could only be taken as a joke. But it came true! And you can no longer prove the “authorship” of an initiative!
In short, Chapaev, the legendary division commander of the civil war (and the hero of many jokes) can, if desired, be declared a gypsy with all the ensuing consequences.
Since Sofya Kovalevskaya has settled on gypsy sites as a gypsy, let’s check for fun to what extent we can trust national activists.
Alas, they are not far behind the Stalinist leadership in terms of truthfulness. Remember how in post-war years Has the party given the go-ahead to “fight cosmopolitanism”? During this campaign, our historians were asked to prove that all the most important inventions were made by Russians... And off we go! It turned out that the steam locomotive was invented by the Cherepanovs, the airplane by Mozhaisky, balloon also invented not by some French, but by the Russian peasant Kryakutny, who allegedly jumped from the bell tower on a bag filled with smoke. Nowadays they prefer to remember this shameful race for priorities by quoting two Soviet jokes.
The first one is “Russia, the birthplace of elephants.”
The second - “X-ray was invented by Ivan the Terrible. It was he who once said: “Boyars, I see right through you!”
With this lyrical digression, I want to say that the gypsies are now stepping on the same rake. It is very important for them to declare all great people “theirs.” And they also forget about all decency.
So - Sofya Kovalevskaya. Woman mathematician. Corresponding Member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, Professor of Stockholm University. (And - according to gypsy articles and websites - a descendant of a famous gypsy family.)
Naturally, boastful materials are written in the expectation that no one will bother to check. And we will open the biographical book of N.Ya. Kochina, entitled “Sofya Vasilievna Kovalevskaya”. At the very beginning there is a chapter called “Parents and Relatives.”2 From this chapter we learn that our heroine’s maiden name is Korvin-Krukovskaya. And since any person can inherit nationality only from mom and dad, let’s take a closer look at the situation.
So, the mother of the famous scientist was German (Lutheran by religion). Last name is Schubert. His father and grandfather were a surveyor and an astronomer, respectively. It is clear that along this line Kovalevskaya could not be a gypsy.
Now the father is Vasily Vasilyevich Krukovsky. He was an artillery colonel in the Russian army. In the end, he rose to the rank of general and received the nobility, because he was able to prove the noble origin of his ancestors. There were many service people in his family. In particular, a certain Ivan Mikhailovich was back in 1724 a noble military comrade in the Starodub Cossack regiment. Since in this case we are primarily interested in national question, then let’s clarify. It is known for certain that the Polish nobles Krukovsky “over the course of several centuries were related to the Russians and Litvins.” But the family loved to boast that in ancient times the Hungarian king became infatuated with one of the Krukovskys.
Isn't it really interesting? The mother is German, the father is Slavic, and the daughter is a gypsy! Where did the version that flatters the national pride of the “Roma” politicians come from?
I'll explain. The biographical book contains the following phrase:
“There was a legend that one of the Korvin-Krukovskys was married to a gypsy.”
That is, whether it was or not, even the Krukovskys themselves did not know for sure. Family legend. No more.
But let’s imagine that a gypsy woman nevertheless found her way into the noble family of the Krukovskys. Isn't it clear that even if strict racial standards are applied Hitler's Germany, Wasn’t Sofya Kovalevskaya a gypsy? Half the blood is German. Half is Slavic with a possible admixture of Hungarian. What percentage remains for the “nomad”?
The most important thing is that Kovalevskaya did not receive even the minimum dose of gypsy education in childhood; she did not know the language and traditions. Well, isn’t it arrogance to flaunt this name in the list of “great gypsy cultural figures”?
The list of fake “great gypsies” did not begin to take shape today. Already in the Stalin years, the then national activists proudly repeated that their fellow tribesmen were the philosopher John Bunyan and the painter Antonio da Solario. It is clear that these are not names of the “first magnitude”. But still, to this day, out of inertia, this couple is remembered in the gypsy press as “one of their own.” It’s still nice to think that four hundred years ago the gypsies achieved heights in the spiritual sphere...
Naturally, no one wants to notice the article by literary critic M.F. Muryanov, who took upon himself the work of double-checking. It turned out that the Englishman Bunyan (John Bunyan, 1628-1688) in his youth simply had the “gypsy” profession of a tinker. So the gypsies appropriated it for themselves by mistake. Most likely, this error was originally due to poor translation.
In turn, the Venetian painter Antonio da Solario (who lived at the beginning of the 16th century) was also not a gypsy. He just moved often, and that's why he got the nickname "lo Zingaro". His friends set him up with a nomad. But this does not provide grounds for changing the nationality of a purebred Italian.3
Now let's talk about Kovpak.
As a historian, I could not help but explore such an important issue in more depth. Agree, before calling Kovpak a gypsy, we need to find at least some evidence of this version. After careful research, I found three sources. All three turned out to be dubious.
In the biographical book of the ZhZL series, Kovpak is unambiguously called a Ukrainian. However, it is said that as a boy he ran to the village smithy to look at the work of the gypsy blacksmith. In my opinion, this is not enough for a statement about “gypsy roots”.
In the memoirs of P. Vershigora “People with a clear conscience”, describing combat unit Kovpak, there is only one “necessary” paragraph. It mentions that even before meeting Sidor Artemyevich, the author had heard various nonsense rumors about him.
“Some said that he was a gypsy who traveled around the German rear, others said that he was a colonel, whose entire rank and file was no lower than a senior lieutenant, that he had tanks and airplanes.”
It is characteristic that having met Kovpak personally, Pyotr Vershigora immediately began to sneer at the two polar versions, clearly considering them the same nonsense. And the commander himself turned out to be more like “a housekeeper who tours his farm,” and there were no tanks with planes in the detachment.
Finally, there is an interrogation protocol dated September 24, 1943. Alexander Dmitrievich Rusakov, an officer of the Ukrainian headquarters of the partisan movement, was captured and began to lay out what the interrogating Vlasovite would be pleased to hear:
“Speaking about the legendary S.A. Kovpak, I only mentioned his illiteracy, gypsy origin and the fact that Sidor Artemyevich refused to wear a general’s uniform for a long time.”
If we take these words at face value, then let's agree with the characteristics of other partisan leaders. Also, by the way, not the last people. One, according to Rusakov, is “a deceiver and a liar,” the other is “a sadist who lives only by murder.”4 I don’t think we should take too seriously the words of a man who abused the leaders of the partisan movement in captivity, hastily laying out everything in his eyes the Nazis was "compromising evidence". And the word “gypsy” on the other side of the front was undoubtedly a curse. He was stuck as a defamatory label for approximately the same reasons as the label “Caucasian Jew” was stuck to the Mingrelian Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria.5
What evidence does the author of this article need to believe in " true origin"Kovpaka? I need something that every Gypsy can agree with. Sidor Artemyevich must have living relatives. Gypsy families are very extensive, and even a second cousin could not forget about such a famous person. Unfortunately, as soon as I raise the question in this plane, the national activists of Ukraine immediately fall silent, since none of them have met such people. By the way, the Hero of the Soviet Union - the gypsy Prokofiev - was all right with this. Sister in the Smolensk region. I will be glad if one day I am offered to meet with the gypsy. who can clearly explain his degree of relationship with Kovpak. But until this happens, I will remain with my opinion.
And in general, I just can’t understand why there is a need to appropriate other people’s heroes if you have your own. And real ones!
Now (i.e. at the beginning of 2007) I am finishing a documentary book about the participation of Roma in the Great Patriotic War. Three hundred and fifty pages are devoted to gypsy infantrymen, artillerymen, tank crews, pilots, and partisans. Many of these people went to the front voluntarily. Their exploits are confirmed by award documents. And most importantly, thousands of gypsies gave the most precious thing in the battles against fascism - life!
Wasn’t the true heroine Polya Morazevskaya, who volunteered to go on reconnaissance with a child in her arms? This partisan was captured and burned in a factory furnace along with her baby.
Or will someone doubt the heroism of the Chekulenko family of Ukrainian gypsies? Six brothers went to war and died. But the seventh, still just a boy, was not accepted into the army. Still young... Grisha Chekulenko stabbed his first German with a pitchfork in occupied territory and managed to cross the front line. He fought bravely until 1945. Was awarded several times. He died at the age of 28 from tuberculosis contracted in the trenches.
By the way, Grigory Chekulenko’s father voluntarily joined the Kovpak partisan unit. The whole family fought - from old to young!
I will not now retell the contents of the upcoming book. Let me just say that the Gypsy people showed themselves heroically during the years of difficult trials... So why don’t we rely on creating national history solely on a solid foundation of facts? In my opinion, only this will evoke true respect among others.
1. Kochina P.Ya. Sofya Vasilievna Kovalevskaya. M., "Science", 1981. P. 7-12.
2. Furmanov D. Chapaev. Mutiny. M., "Pravda", 1985. P. 101
3. M. F. Muryanov. Pushkin and Germany. - IMLI RAS, "Heritage", 1999. - P. 415.
4. Sokolov B.V. Occupation. M., 2002. P. 107.
5. Ibid. P. 141.
1. “Gypsies” is a collective term, the same as “Slavs”, “Caucasians”, “Scandinavians” or “Latin Americans”. Several dozen nationalities belong to the gypsies.
2. The Roma have a national anthem, flag and artistic culture, incl. literature.
3. Gypsies are conventionally divided into Eastern and Western.
4. Gypsies as a nation were formed in Persia (eastern branch) and the Roman Empire (aka Romea, aka Byzantium; western branch). In general, when talking about gypsies, they usually mean Western gypsies (Roma and Kale groups).
5. Since the Roma gypsies are clearly Caucasians and arose as a nation in European country, they are Europeans, and not “mysterious eastern people,” as journalists like to write. Of course, like the Russians and Spaniards, they still have some legacy of the Eastern mentality.
6. “Eastern” gypsies began to be called gypsies only in the 19th and 20th centuries, when Europeans visiting Asia paid attention to their external resemblance with the gypsies, as well as some common crafts and traditions. “Eastern” Gypsies have a culture that differs sharply from the “general Gypsy” (i.e., the culture of the noticeably more numerous and culturally developed “Western” Gypsies), although both have something in common cultural heritage Indian ancestors. “Eastern” and “Western” gypsies practically do not communicate.
7. The overwhelming majority of Romani languages are descendants of Sanskrit.
8. Contrary to the statements of some people who are far from ethnography and history, there was never any “expulsion of the Gypsies” from India and the Roman Empire.
In India there were no gypsies at all, there were Indians. According to recent genetic and linguistic studies, the ancestors of the Gypsies, a group of Indians believed to be of the "Dom" caste, left India sometime in the 6th century. It is assumed that this group of musicians and jewelers was presented by the Indian ruler to the Persian, as was the custom of that time. Already in Persia, the size of the group grew greatly, and a social division appeared within it (mainly by profession); In the 9th-10th centuries, part of the Roma began to gradually move west and finally reached Byzantium and Palestine. Some remained in Persia and from there spread to the east. Some of the gypsies eventually reached the homeland of their distant ancestors - India.
9. Gypsies began to leave Byzantium during the period of its conquest by Muslims. The exodus from the Roman Empire lasted for decades. Some of the gypsies, however, remained in their homeland for various reasons. Their descendants eventually converted to Islam.
10. There is a hypothesis that the gypsies received the nickname “Egyptians” back in Byzantium, for their dark complexion and for the fact that the most noticeable part of the gypsies, like the visiting Egyptians, was engaged in circus art. Another nickname was associated with circus art and fortune telling, from which the word “gypsies” came: “atsingane”. Initially, this was the name given to certain sectarians seeking secret knowledge. But over time, apparently, the word has become a household word, ironic for anyone involved in esotericism, magic tricks, fortune telling and divination. The gypsies even then called themselves “Roma” and gave themselves the nickname “kale”, i.e. dark-skinned, dark-skinned
11. It is believed that it was the gypsies who widely spread belly dancing in Muslim countries. However, there is no evidence or refutation of this.
12. Traditional areas of activity for gypsies are arts, trade, horse breeding and crafts (from prosaic brick making and basket weaving to romantic jewelry art and embroidery).
13. Soon after coming to Europe, the Gypsies became one of the victims of great socio-economic crises and were subjected to severe persecution. This has led to severe marginalization and criminalization of Roma. From complete destruction The gypsies were saved by the generally neutral or friendly attitude of the majority of the common people, who did not want to implement bloody laws against the gypsies.
14. They say that the famous Papus learned fortune telling from the gypsies.
15. The Inquisition was never interested in gypsies.
16. Medicine knows no cases of leprosy among the Roma. The most common blood types among Roma are III and I. The percentage of III and IV blood is very high compared to other European peoples.
17. In the Middle Ages, Gypsies, like Jews, were accused of cannibalism.
18. In the 18th and 19th centuries, with increasing tolerance towards them in European society, the crime rate of Roma has sharply and greatly decreased. In the 19th century, a very rapid process of integration of Roma into society began in Europe.
19. Gypsies came to Russia more than 300 years ago. Like other now established peoples (for example, Kalmyks), they received imperial permission to live in Russia and engage in traditional crafts (trade, horse breeding, fortune telling, singing and dancing). After some time, these gypsies began to call themselves Russian Roma, which is still the largest gypsy nationality in Russia. By 1917, the Russian Roma were the most integrated and educated Gypsies in Russia.
20.V different times Kalderars (Kotlyars), Lovaris, Servas, Ursaris, Vlachs and other gypsies also immigrated to Russia.
21. Almost all names of Roma nationalities are either names of key professions or reflect the name of the country they consider their homeland. This says a lot about Roma priorities.
22. The famous gypsy national costume was invented in the 19th century. The Kalderars were the first to wear it. National costume Russian Roma was invented by artists to create a more exotic stage image. Historically, Gypsies have always tended to wear clothing typical of their country of residence.
23. Gypsies are famous pacifists. However, at various times they served with the armies and in the armies of Germany, Prussia, Sweden and Russia.
In 1812, Russian Roma were voluntarily handed over for maintenance Russian army large amounts. Young Roma boys fought as part of the Russian troops.
At the same time, what’s funny is that quite a few French gypsies fought in Napoleon’s army. There is even a description of a meeting between two gypsies from different sides during the battle between the Spaniards and the French.
During the Second World War, Gypsies participated in hostilities as part of both regular armies (USSR, France; privates, tank crews, military engineers, pilots, orderlies, artillerymen, etc.) and partisan groups, mixed and purely Gypsy (USSR , France, Eastern Europe).
24. As a result of the systematic targeted extermination of Gypsies by the Nazis, about 150,000 Gypsies died in Europe (for comparison, in the USSR there were from 60,000, according to the census, to 120,000, according to assumptions) Gypsies. "Gypsy Holocaust" is called Kali Thrash (there are also variants Samudaripen and Paraimos).
25. Among the outstanding Roma there are scientists, writers, poets, composers, musicians, singers, dancers, actors, directors, boxers (including champions), football players, historians, politicians, priests, missionaries, artists and sculptors.
Some are better known, for example, Marishka Veres, Ion Voicu, Janos Bihari, Jem Mace, Mateo Maximov, Yul Brynner, Tony Gatlif, Nikolai Slichenko, Django Reinhardt, Bireli Lagren, Joaquin Cortez, others less, but can also boast of significant contributions to gypsy and world culture.
26. Having seen the phrase “ nomadic people"without quotes, you don't have to read it. The author will not write anything truly reliable if he does not even know the fact that only 1% of Russian Gypsies are nomadic.
27. According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, despite the fact that in the media when mentioned in criminal articles, gypsy fraud is in first place, in statistics they are in last place. Ethnographers believe that the situation is similar in Russia.
28. During the time of Stalin, the Roma were subjected to targeted repression.
29. The term " gypsy baron"has been used by gypsies only for the last couple of decades, and not by all. This is borrowed from the media and romantic literature. The term is used specifically to communicate with non-Gypsies.
30. There are several notable gypsy theaters in the world: in Russia, Ukraine, Macedonia, Germany, as well as smaller theaters and studios in these and other countries.
Skvortsova Maria Vasilievna
.
Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1947).
"Masha was born in a camp, in 1888, into a family of nomadic gypsies, the Khlebnikovs. Her father, Vasily Nikolaevich, was engaged in the original gypsy business - bartering: he changed, sold horses.
Mother - Olympiada Evgrafovna, like all the camp gypsies, told fortunes and told fortunes.
It must be said that the numerous Khlebnikov families produced well-known conductors, composers, singers and actors among Muscovites.
The Khlebnikov family, into which Maria Vasilievna Skvortsova was born, migrated to Moscow in the middle of the summer of 1888 and pitched a tent on the outskirts of Petrovsky Park.
It was there that the first and only daughter, Manka, was born - to the delight of her parents, she was vocal and a dancer. From the age of eight she began to help her mother - she sang and danced in the bazaars and boulevards of Moscow.
In 1903, when Manka was 15 years old, the Khlebnikov family ended their nomadism and settled near Moscow, in the village of Vsekhsvyatskoe.
The parents continued to engage in their gypsy activities, and 15-year-old Manka was taken into his choir by the famous Moscow conductor Fyodor Sokolov, who was working at the Yar restaurant at that time.
It began in Sokolov’s choir creative life Manka Khlebnikova, now Masha.
Masha danced. She danced around the camp and the way the city gypsies danced in those years. She began singing only in 1922, when she was 34 years old. She sang funny songs city gypsies and ended them with a stormy, temperamental dance.
In the 20s, she already worked in gypsy choirs of famous Moscow conductors Ivan Grigorievich Lebedev and Yegor Polyakov, who performed in the best country restaurants in Moscow - Strelna and Yara.
By that time, Maria Vasilievna was no longer Khlebnikova, but Skvortsova. But she did not live long with her husband: in bitter frost Skvortsov sat down on a street bench, dozed off and froze.
About a year later, the eminent count, a regular at the Yar restaurant, big fan gypsy songs, made her, already a famous Moscow singer, an offer. After some time, Masha Skvortsova married him, but did not change her last name. For Muscovites, Masha Skvortsova remained.
In 1918, the count decided to go abroad, persuading Masha to go with him. She refused. The Count left. Masha remained in Moscow.
During the NEP, when restaurants reopened, Countess Skvortsova continued to work in the choir of Yegor Polyakov and Lebedev. She still sang and danced...
In January 1931, Masha, now Maria Vasilievna, unexpectedly appeared in the newly born Studio of the future Gypsy theater "Romen".
She came, majestic, superbly dressed, beautiful, but with a “birthmark” marked by the camp. “She couldn’t read or write.” Only working in the theater, Maria Vasilievna graduated from 5 classes of evening school. Then she surrounded herself with books. I read a lot. Before that, I learned the roles by ear.
When she appeared, she stated: “I want to work in our gypsy theater. I can no longer dance in a restaurant. I want to become an actress." We, the studio members, were proud that Maria Vasilievna came to our studio - a celebrity! – and treated her with great respect. If other actresses were called only by name: Lyalya, Marina, Nina, then she was called none other than Maria Vasilievna...
In all the performances she was so bright, original, and truthful that 2 years later the whole theater of Moscow was talking about Maria Vasilievna.
She was very good in the role of Mother in “Bloody Wedding” by Garcia Lorca, in the role of Dorothea in “Carmen” by P. Merime, in the role of an old gypsy in “Gypsies” by A. Pushkin, in “Gypsy Aza” by M. Staritsky, in “Gypsy Girl” "Cervantes, and even in folklore and gypsy performances - there’s nothing to say.
They wrote and talked about Maria Vasilyevna Skvortsova... They loved her.
Despite this, she continued to study and, along with theater youth, participated in various clubs and seminars to improve acting skills.
Maria Vasilievna's creative success grew and grew. She was awarded the title of Honored Artist of the Republic. She was also elected to the district council.
In 1960, in the WTO hall, the theater celebrated her 70th anniversary. The hall was crowded.
The best actors of Moscow theaters, directors, composers, artists and, of course, newsreels came to congratulate the talented actress of the Gypsy theater. When the celebration began, Maria Vasilievna was solemnly brought onto the stage by the oldest actresses, stars of the Maly Theater.
After the speeches of numerous delegations, gifts and flowers, Maria Vasilyevna stood up, bowed low to everyone - both those who were on stage and those in the hall, and immediately unfolded her gypsy shawl like wings and began to sing... She sang a cheerful folk song. And having finished it, she went into dance... an old camp dance - majestic and noble.
The whole hall stood up!
Everyone stood and loudly applauded the 70-year-old artist.
She died in 1964 without receiving her well-deserved title. People's Artist"..., although she was truly popular. Buried at Novodevichy Cemetery“Peace be to her ashes and eternal memory!”
Despite the fact that the vast majority of gypsies live in Europe, their roots are from the north of Hindustan, this is indicated by scientific data, as well as the self-names of the main gypsy groups. Most often, Gypsies call themselves "Roma" or "Roma", for example, the famous Moscow Gypsy theater is called "Romen". These names go back to the Indo-Aryan "d'om" with the first cerebral sound (somewhere between the sounds "r", "d" and "l") and indicate relatives of the gypsies who now live in India and are called "doms" or " domby". Western European gypsies call themselves "Sinti", which can be associated with the ancestral homeland of the gypsies - the Sindh region in the territory of modern Pakistan. The Gypsies of Spain and Portugal traditionally called themselves "kale", i.e. “black” (cf. the name of the Indian goddess Kali - “black”).
According to linguistic and genetic research, the ancestors of the gypsies left India in a group of about 1 thousand people. Exact time the outcome is unknown, but not earlier than the 6th century AD. After spending several centuries in Persia, the ancestors of the Gypsies reached Byzantium, where they began to be called Atzingans, i.e. untouchable. Derived from the Byzantine name Russian name"gypsies", Bulgarian "tsigani", etc. Gypsies entered Europe through the Balkans in the 12th century. It is in Balkan countries The percentage of the Roma population is the highest today. For example, in Bulgaria the Roma make up 4.9% of the population, in Romania - 3.3%, in Macedonia - 2.85%.
Gypsies are one of the Aryan (by language) peoples, therefore they were mercilessly exterminated by the Nazis, who declared them to be spoiled Aryans, replacing the purity of the Aryan race. During the Second World War, up to 200 thousand Roma were killed, about 30 thousand of them in the occupied territory of the USSR.
There are now up to 12 million Roma in the world. According to the 2010 census, about 220 thousand Roma live in Russia. The presence of Gypsies in Russia was first recorded in written sources at the beginning of the 18th century. You should not mix Russian gypsies (Ruska Roma) and Central Asian gypsies called “Lyuli”. Lyuli are Muslims, while Roma are Christians, their languages and origins are also different, and Lyuli are called Gypsies only because of the similarity with the traditional way of life of European Gypsies. Russian gypsies do not perceive Lyuli as relatives; they are contemptuously called “lyulyaikas.”
Next are the most beautiful, in my opinion, gypsies. Most of them are Russian gypsies; there is also a Hungarian gypsy and a representative of Spanish-Portuguese gypsies in the ranking. Rita Hayworth is not included in the ranking because... she, contrary to erroneous belief, does not have gypsy roots.
15th place. Rada Rai(real name - Elena Gribkova; born April 8, 1979, Magadan) - Russian singer, performer of Russian chanson. Father is a gypsy, mother is Russian. Official website - http://www.radarai.ru/
14th place. Raya (Raisa) Udovikova(after marriage - Bielenberg) - Norwegian singer and actress. Born in 1934 in a gypsy camp near Kursk. In 1966, she married a Norwegian journalist and moved abroad. Since 1967 he lives in Norway (Oslo), works at the National drama theater, performing leading roles in Norwegian, tours in many countries in Europe, America and Asia, performing songs in Russian, Gypsy and Norwegian.
13th place. (born October 27, 1963) - film actress. For a long time was an actress of the Romen Theater, whose artistic director is her father Nikolai Slichenko. Also working at the Romen Theater is her mother, Nikolai Slichenko’s wife, Tamila Agamirova.
12th place. Angela Lekareva (Batalova)- singer, dancer, artist of the Moscow musical and dramatic gypsy theater "Romen". Born July 28, 1984. On stage since I was two years old. She received mastery lessons from an outstanding choreographer, her mother, Ganga Batalova.
11th place. Oksana Fandera(born November 7, 1967, Odessa) - Russian actress. Her father Oleg Fandera is an actor, half Ukrainian, half Gypsy, her mother is Jewish. From an interview with the actress:
– Oksana, you have three bloods mixed: Ukrainian, Gypsy and Jewish. How do they manifest themselves?
– Probably, the fact is that I cook like a Ukrainian, I love freedom like a gypsy, and I feel the world’s sorrow like a Jew.
– Who do you feel most like?
– Now I can equally feel like one, the other and the third.
10th place. Soledad Miranda/ Soledad Miranda (July 9, 1943, Seville, Spain - August 18, 1970) - Spanish actress, dancer and singer. Her parents are Portuguese gypsies.
9th place. Diana Savelyeva(born May 16, 1979, Lvov) - Russian actress and singer, performer of the role of Esmeralda in the musical "Notre Dame de Paris", the role of Hyde in the musical "Monte Cristo", the role of a gypsy in the musical "Count Orlov". Website - http://saveljeva-diana.narod.ru/ VKontakte page - https://vk.com/id82172048
7th place. Lilya (Leoncia) Erdenko- singer, successor of the world famous Moscow gypsy dynasty, daughter famous singer Nikolai Erdenko. Berlin radio station Multikulti named Leoncia "Queen of Russian Gypsy Music." Official website - http://www.leonsia.ru/ VKontakte page -
On April 8, one of the largest ethnic minorities in Russia, as well as other countries in the world, celebrates its holiday - International Roma Day. Exactly 45 years ago the First World Gypsy Congress took place in London. It was then that the Roma of the whole world recognized themselves as a single non-territorial nation, and also accepted their national symbols: flag and anthem. Representatives of this nation have many reasons to be proud. First of all, this famous personalities that they gave to the world.
And if someone says that among the gypsies there is not a single famous person, then it will be completely wrong. And now it will prove it.
Charlie Chaplin
A true cinema legend - film actor, screenwriter, composer, film director and simply handsome. He created one of the most recognizable images of world cinema - tramp Charlie, who appeared in short comedies in the 1910s.
Such an artist could not remain without awards. He was a two-time Academy Award winner in 1973 and received an out-of-competition honorary Oscar the same number of times, in 1929 and 1972. Moreover, in 1972 he received an award with the following wording: “for his invaluable contribution to the fact that cinema has become an art in this century.”
In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Chaplin number 10 on its list of 100 greatest stars cinema for 100 years among men.
Yes, the legendary comedian was a gypsy. This became known after the publication of data from a letter that was found in his archive. The British publication The Guardian reported this. The unique find lay in a desk drawer that belonged to his father.
It was initially believed that Charlie Chaplin was born in London into a family of music hall performers. However, in the text of the letter, which was sent by the actor's cousin Jack Hill, there is a hint that Chaplin's father was born in the vicinity of Birmingham, in central England. The place is called Black Patch Park, and is located near the town of Smethwick.
It also turned out that in the early 1970s of the last century, Charlie Chaplin, who at that time lived in Montreux, Switzerland, received a letter from Jack Hill from England. He introduced himself as the artist’s cousin. It turned out that Jack, having read the actor’s autobiography, decided to tell him everything as it is. It was in the letter that he shocked his cousin with the information that Chaplin was born in a gypsy tent, like himself. According to him, the wagon belonged to the gypsy queen, who was their aunt.
Interestingly, the actor’s son Michael Chaplin later said that his father quite often received letters with fictitious stories of his life. All of them were immediately destroyed. However, Chaplin kept this letter locked in his desk.
It is interesting that some believe that one of Chaplin’s most popular images, the tramp Charlie, turned out to be so successful precisely because of the gypsy roots of the great actor.
Zlatan Ibrahimovic
Football player. Citizenship: Sweden. Age: 34 years old.
Forward of the French club Paris Saint-Germain and captain of the Swedish national team, as well as her top scorer. He is second in the list of the best Swedish athletes of all time according to the local magazine Dagens Nyheter.
The track record of the legend of Swedish and world football is impressive. He is a two-time Dutch champion with Ajax, a four-time Italian champion with Inter and Milan, a Spanish champion with Barcelona and a four-time French champion with PSG. However, this is not the only thing Ibrahimovic is known for.
He is also a man who many accuse of being too proud. It is enough that the French football player for Paris Saint-Germain recently said that he would remain at the club only if the Eiffel Tower was renamed in his honor.
It is known that the Swedish football player was born into a family of Yugoslav emigrants. But my father had gypsy roots, which, of course, also went to Zlatan. His teammates called him "lo Zingaro" (gypsy) for this.
Meanwhile, some rather unpleasant memories are associated with his ethnic origin. This was especially evident in Italy, where Ibra played for Juventus, Inter and Milan. In interviews with various publications, he admitted that fans of his clubs' opponents treated him like trash. Unfortunately, this happened precisely on racial grounds. It turned out that many individuals in Milan did not want to see gypsies in their city.
The real scandal occurred in January 2012 during the Milan derby (Milan - Inter). During that meeting, Inter fans stretched out a banner at the San Siro stadium with the cover of Zlatan's autobiography, which had been published shortly before and was called "I am Zlatan Ibrahimovic" ("I am Zlatan Ibrahimovic"). However, instead correct name, radical fans wrote "I am Gipsy" ("I am a gypsy").
Elvis Presley
Elvis Presley, the king of rock and roll, who popularized this trend in the United States and created many famous hits. He has won three Grammy Awards and was one of the first musicians inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986.
The fact that the king of rock and roll himself is a gypsy became known from a publication in a magazine on the history of American emigration. According to these data, he came from a family of German gypsies who emigrated to the United States in early XVIII century.
It is noted that researchers have thought about the origin of the famous singer due to maiden name his mother is Smith. The fact is that this is the surname that people from British gypsies liked to take for themselves.
At the same time, the musician’s father’s real name is Presler. He also came from a family of gypsies who settled in the early 18th century in the territory of modern Germany.
However, this hypothesis of Presley's gypsy origins had many skeptics. In particular, writer David Alter noted at one time that even the presence of gypsy ancestors 300 years ago does not mean that Elvis belonged to this people.
Eric Cantona
Football player. Actor. Citizenship: France. Age: 49 years old.
Another famous football player with gypsy ancestry. This time, with a French passport. This athlete was always proud of the fact that the blood of Manouches - French-speaking gypsies - flows in his veins. Unlike his Swedish counterpart, Cantona did not have much of a problem arising from racist issues.
The peak of Cantona's career came during his stay at Manchester United. With this club, the Frenchman became a four-time champion of England and won the National Cup twice. The reward for Eric's efforts was his induction into the English Football Hall of Fame.
Cantona was a fan favorite at Manchester United. Among his fans, he received the nickname "King Eric". Unfortunately for them, he ended his playing career in 1997 and moved into the ranks of film actors.
Now it's track record consists of more than 20 film roles. One of Cantona's works as an actor was the role of Monsignor de Foix in the historical drama "Elizabeth".
Moreover, the football player and actor at one point decided to start political career and even announced his intention to run for president of France. But the matter has not yet gone further than statements.
Alexander Berdnikov
Singer. Citizenship: Russia. Age: 34 years old.
The Russian land is full of famous gypsies. Let them be known mainly only in Russia. One of these stars is Alexander Berdnikov, a member of the “Roots” group and winner of the “Star Factory” television project. He was born in Ashgabat into a gypsy family. When Alexander was five years old, he moved with his family to Minsk.
On July 24, 2008, he married Rostovite Olga Mazhartseva, also a gypsy. The wedding itself was organized in simple Russian traditions, but with a gypsy flavor: a lot of guests came to the festivities. Everyone danced: small children and elderly people.
According to Berdnikov himself, the traditions in his family are no different from the customs in Russian families, since he and his wife live in Russia. They are Christians, got married in Orthodox Church. During this time, they already had two children: a son and a daughter. Berdnikov noted that gypsies love it when a lot of people live in the house: it should always be fun and noisy.
It is interesting that when he is asked whether the reason for choosing a life partner was her gypsy ancestry, he replies that in modern world such things are not important. According to him, previously the Roma had an unspoken rule prohibiting marriages with representatives of other nations. However, now, as Berdnikov notes, everything has changed. As evidence, he cites the fact that his mother is Russian, and his brother married a Russian woman.