Research paper which way the wind blows. Scientific research work on the topic "Why does the wind blow?"
Krolikova Vlada Vladislavovna
Problem: what is wind?
_____________________________________________________________
Target: find out what wind is.
Tasks:
Hypothesis: is it true that by the direction of the wind on Evdokiev Day - March 14 - you can predict from which direction the wind will blow all summer. Is it possible to predict the wind direction for the winter based on the wind on Pokrov Day - October 14th.
Results:
It doesn't always work out.
Conclusions:
2) in our area last year in the spring, north, west and south-west winds prevailed;
in summer – northern;
in autumn – western, southern;
in December - northern;
in January - southwestern.
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PERFORMANCE
title of research paper or creative project
Wind
Profile details of the participant(s) of the competition “I am a researcher”:
- Last name, first name, patronymic of the author (or authors) Krolikova Vlada Vladislavovna
- Date of birth of the author (or authors) 09.03.2005
- Educational institution, district/city:MBOU "Morgaushe Secondary School"
- Last name, first name, patronymic of the scientific supervisor:Iosifova Tamara Fadeevna
- Subject area:
Physics - technology | |
Natural science. Live nature | |
Natural science. Inanimate nature | |
Humanitarian |
- Age group (for a group determined by the oldest child):
I, II, III, IV
Brief job description:
Problem: What is wind?
_____________________________________________________________
Target: find out what wind is.
____________________________________________________________
Tasks: 1) find out about the causes of wind.
2) conduct an experiment: is it possible to create wind indoors?
3) become familiar with a device that allows you to determine the direction of the wind - a weather vane
4) learn to determine the direction of the wind using a weather vane
5) based on the results of my observations, find out in which direction the wind blows in our area in different months and seasons _____________________________________________________________________
Hypothesis: Is it true that by the direction of the wind on Evdokiev Day - March 14 - you can predict from which direction the wind will blow all summer. Is it possible to predict the wind direction for the winter based on the wind on Pokrov Day - October 14th.
____________________________________________________________________
Results: predict the direction of the wind according to folk signs
It doesn't always work out.
Conclusions:1) WIND is the movement of air in a horizontal direction.
2) in our area last year in the spring, northern, western and southwestern winds prevailed;
in summer – northern;
in autumn – western, southern;
in December - northern;
In January - southwestern.
_______________________________________________________
The purpose of my research:
find out what wind is.
Tasks:
- learn about the causes of wind;
- conduct an experiment: is it possible to create wind indoors yourself?
- become familiar with a device that allows you to determine the direction of the wind - a weather vane;
- learn to determine the direction of the wind using a weather vane;
- based on the results of my observations, find out in which direction the wind blows in our area in different months and seasons (from March 2012 to January 2013 - Appendix 1)
Snorts, growls, breaks branches,
Dust rises
Knocks you off your feet
Can you hear him
Don't you see him?
Who knows no boundaries?
Who flies faster than birds?
He is sometimes menacing, sometimes calm,
How soft the spring fluff is.
Who is the freest in the world?
Did you guess it? This..
So what is wind? Why is he blowing?
Is it possible to create the wind yourself indoors?
Experience No. 1.
It turns out that it is possible. To do this, just turn on the table fan. Wind in a room occurs precisely when the propeller begins to spin - a propeller that pushes the air and makes it move.
This means that wind is the movement of air.
We feel the wind in the room when we fan ourselves in the heat.
And who creates the wind on the street? There isn't a propeller --- a propeller?
You can do this experiment.
Experience No. 2.
- cut out a paper spiral.
- placed it on the tip of the knitting needle.
- A lit candle was placed under the spiral.
I observed: the paper spiral began to rotate. This happened because the air heated by the candle rises and rotates the spiral
- After some time the candle was extinguished.
I observed: the spiral stopped rotating as the air cooled.
This can be explained by the fact that warm air is lighter, it rises, and cold air takes the place of warm air. This creates a flow of air - wind.
This conclusion can be verified in another experiment.
Experience No. 3.
If in cold weather you open a window onto the street and hold a lit candle at the bottom and top of the gap formed, you can observe that the flame of the bottom candle is directed into the room, and the flame of the top one is directed out. This happens because warm air is lighter than cold air, it rises and exits through a gap at the top. Cold air is heavier and enters the room from below. After some time, the cold air will heat up in the room, rise up and begin to go out into the street through the upper gap, and cold air will flow in its place from below again and again. This is exactly how wind arises in nature.
Wind is strong air currents that occupy a huge amount of space on Earth. And it occurs when the weather changes: from heat to cold or vice versa, before heavy rain or storm. The surface of the Earth is diverse.
At the North and South Poles, ice does not melt either in winter or in summer. The air always cools down there.
And at the equator it is always hot, the air there gets very hot.
Above the oceans it becomes saturated with moisture. And over vast deserts the air dries out greatly.
Warm air is lighter than cool air, it rises, and cold air takes its place. The air is in constant movement. When this movement is especially strong, we call it wind.
CONCLUSION: WIND is the movement of air in a horizontal direction.
How can we determine which direction the wind is blowing?
There is a special device with which the direction of the wind is determined - a weather vane.
The wind gets its name from the side of the horizon from which it blows.
- the north wind blows from the north
- the south wind blows from the south
- the westerly wind blows from the west
- the east wind blows from the east
- southwest wind blows from southwest
- northwest wind blows from the northwest
- southeast wind blows from southeast
- northeast wind blows from northeast
Which direction does the wind blow in our area? I have been observing the wind direction since March 2012.
I got the following results:
In March, the north wind prevailed.
In April - northern
In May - western, southwestern
In June – northern
In July – northern
In August – northern
In September - western
In October – southern
In November - western
In December – northern
In January 2013 – southwestern
Conclusion:
In our area last year in the spring, north, west and south-west winds prevailed;
In summer - northern;
in autumn – western, southern;
in December - northern;
In January - southwestern.
Folk sign “Where the wind comes from to Evdokia, from there it comes in the spring and all summer”
Completely confirmed. In summer the north wind prevailed.
The sign “Which side the wind blows on Pokrov, from that side it will blow all winter” is partially confirmed.
In December the north wind prevailed, and in January the south-west wind prevailed.
CONCLUSION: predict the direction of the wind according to folk signs
It doesn't always work out.
Books that helped me:
1. Children's encyclopedia. What's happened? Who it?
2. Encyclopedia for children. M.D. Aksenov.
3. The planet is our home. I.G. Belavina. N.G. Naydenskaya.
4. Kids about nature. N.N. Nikandr
Chikish Sergey Chikish Sergey, student of 4th “B” class of MAOU Domodedovo Secondary School No. 2 Cl. head: Ponomarenko I. Yu.
The goal of the Free Wind project is to find out: 1. what is wind?
2. how it is formed;
3. what is the significance of wind for a person;
4. how to determine the direction of the wind using a weather vane;
5. how to make a weather vane yourself.
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Research
Project on the topic:
"Free wind"
Prepared by: Chikish Sergey
Student 4 "B" class
MAOU Domodedovo Secondary School No. 2
Cl. supervisor:Ponomarenko I. Yu.
2011
Free wind.
1. Guess the riddle: “No arms, no legs, but the tree bends.”
2. Wind It’s impossible to see, but you can’t help but notice: the tree crowns are swaying, strong winds hit your face, and hurricane winds can cause natural disasters.
3. So what is wind, and where does it come from? Let's figure it out.
4. Our planet Earth is wrapped in a thick layer of air - this Earth's atmosphere.
- And our Earth is very large, and therefore very different. Warmth, and therefore life, to the Earth
Gives the Sun. However, he is unable to heat the entire surface with his rays
Our planet evenly. Most heat comes from the equator and the poles
The North and South have much less.
- At the equator It is always hot, the air there gets very hot. Hot
The air rises and the pressure in it becomes low.
Having reached the upper layer of the atmosphere, this air is distributed to the North and South.
Receives the least amount of sun raysNorth and South Poles Earth.
Therefore, the ice there does not melt either in winter or in summer. At the poles the air drops completely
Low, cools and shrinks. The pressure in it becomes high.
- The surface of the Earth with its mountains, deserts, oceans and forests, in turn, too
Affects the air. Over huge deserts the air dries out a lot. And above
oceans it is saturated with moisture.
- Where the impenetrables grow jungle , for example, in South America (on the river
Amazon) a lot of oxygen gets into the air. And where there is a lot cities and smoking
Factories, the air becomes dirty with smoke, fumes and soot.
- If Sun, Earth and Oceansleft the air alone, then after a while
It would have the same temperature and humidity everywhere, the winds would calm down
Forever. And absolute peace came on Earth.
- But the air cannot become the same. Too different
There is earth and water everywhere, the sun heats up too differently everywhere. It's because of the Sun
Winds on our planet cannot subside.Winds are formeddue to movement
Air masses from high pressure zones to low pressure zones.
- And the air - this is a gas, molecules fly freely in it, there are no walls in it
And boundaries. On the contrary, the air tends to become the same everywhere. And this is the movement
Air, its desire to mix everywhere, to become the same is wind.
Thus, the wind is is the movement of air resulting from temperatures and
Pressure in different parts of the Earth. Winds blow from an area of high pressure in the area
Low pressure.
- Thanks to the winds, heat is redistributed on our planet, which
Affects the weather. The weather changes due to movement of currents in the atmosphere
Cold air with low pressure - cyclones and warm ones rising from the equator
High pressure air flows – anticyclones . During anticyclones it shines
The sun is shining, and during cyclones the sky is clouded, it rains or snows. Therefore very
It is important to determine where and what winds are blowing.
Long-term observations of wind direction and strength are depicted as
Graphics called Rose of Wind .
- Winds have always influenced human civilization. They inspired mythological
gical stories influenced historical actions and culture. People have long
Learned to use wind energy.
Modern wind generatorsconvert wind energy into electricity.
14. Since ancient times people have built mills , whose wings rotated under the influence of the wind
And they passed the rotation to the millstones, and they ground the grain into flour, from which
They made bread.
15. The wind is also good for sports. This is sailing racing. The stronger the wind, the faster
Sailboats are moving.
- Windsurfing - another sport where the wind plays a major role.
- Balloon and glider, which also moved with the help of the wind, for the first time allowed man to go on air travel and cover long distances.
- How cool it is to launch into the sky kite, you probably already know.
- Sailing shipswho sailed using the wind helped people conquer the seas
And the oceans. However, the winds can also be unsafe. It's nice to sail on a ship,
When a small light breeze blows - breeze.
- But it is very dangerous to be on the water during a storm. A storm is formed when
When winds from areas of high and low pressure collide, then
Atmospheric vortices. The wind speed in such vortices can be very high.
21. Then wait for such natural phenomena as: hurricane, tornado, typhoon, storm and tornado.
Which destroy their own in their path and are very dangerous to life.
- The most catastrophic consequences come from a tornado. Tornado - it's atmospheric
a whirlwind of colossal destructive power. The first sign of a tornado formation is
twisting of a section of dark dense cloud, from which it descends towards the ground
a rotating funnel of air that sucks in everything it comes across. Buildings caught in the crater explode, bursting from the inside with air pressure, and the debris scatters for many kilometers.
- Therefore, it is so important to monitor the movement of winds, their direction and strength.
Of course, determining where the wind will blow and with what force is not so easy, but
influenced by many reasons. What we have told you is only the most important reason
all winds.
The simplest device for determining wind direction is weather vane. To look like
A weather vane can be used in different ways, but its main function is to show the direction of the wind,
Remains unchanged.
- Most often, weather vanes can be seen on the roofs of buildings. Install it like this
To the letter N pointed north. And the arrow will show the direction of the wind.
- You can make a weather vane yourself. For this you will need: wooden slats, glue,
Scissors, pencil, colored cardboard, metal washer and compass, for
Definitions of the North.
Showcasing a model of a weather vane made by ourselves.
- As a result, we found out: 1. what is wind;
2. how it is formed;
3. what is the significance of wind for a person;
4. how to determine wind direction.
Work performed by: Khalyukov Bogdan Aleksandrovich
"Wind Wizard"
Scientific supervisor: Marina Viktorovna Kapustyan,
primary school teacher Russia, Vladikavkaz, MBOU secondary school No. 22, 1B class
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1.Wind detection
1.1.What is wind?………………………………………………………………………………………
1.2.Types of winds……………………………………………………………………….
1.3.Determination of cardinal directions………………………………………………………..
1.4.Importance of wind……………………………………………………………………………………….
1.5.The image of the wind in the works of the peoples of the world…………………………………………
2. Research part
2.1.Experiment 1………………………………………………………………………………..
2.2.Experiment 2………………………………………………………………………………..
2.3.Experiment 3………………………………………………………………………………..
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………….
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………
Annex 1……………………………………………………………………………………
Appendix 2…………………………………………………………………………………
THESIS
Research topic: “Wind is a magician.”
Head: Marina Viktorovna Kapustyan, primary school teacher at Vladikavkaz Secondary School No. 22.
Purpose of the work: to find out why we need wind.
Find out how and why the wind appears;
Learn to connect scientific concepts with real life;
Learn to determine the direction and strength of the wind.
Hypothesis: I think that the wind can be controlled by a person.
Object of study: wind.
Subject of research: wind speed and direction.
Research methods:
Conversation with the teacher and parents.
Observing the wind in nature.
Studying literature about wind.
Carrying out creative work.
Internet resources.
Relevance:
It’s impossible to see the wind, but you can’t help but notice: tree crowns sway, strong wind hits your face, and hurricane winds can cause natural disasters.
Winds, depending on their strength and speed, can change everything around. Where are the reasons for their occurrence?
I believe that the topic I have chosen is relevant. I have long been interested in the question of why the wind blows, how it is formed, what it is needed for and whether it can be tamed. In my work I will try to answer all these questions.
Introduction.
Since ancient times, people have seen in the winds the presence of the living forces of the Universe and space, the influence of the gods. In addition, in Eastern teachings, the wind is a symbol of the spirit, its strength and the living breath of the Universe, supporting and uniting all living things. Wind is the personification of the incorporeal, intangible, elusive, changeable. It is associated with thread, rope, etc. The winds are messengers of the gods and indicate the presence of a deity. In combination with fire, wind symbolizes the gods of mountains and volcanoes.
Sometimes we go outside to enjoy the calm and clear weather. However, we had not even walked a few steps when the wind suddenly rose. Although we don’t see it, we feel it perfectly on our hands and face, without having the slightest idea where it came from. Let's figure it out.
1.Determination of wind.
1.1.What is wind?
Although armless, it happens
Pine trees are uprooted.
So sometimes he gets angry.
Just now he was everywhere-
A moment - and he is nowhere to be found.
Have you ever looked at clouds the way I looked at them? The clouds are very beautiful. And they are also different. If you watch them for a long time, you can see different animals, a house, and a car (see Fig. 1). I also discovered that they can swim one way or the other. Why is this happening? I asked this question to my grandfather. He explained to me that the wind is to blame for everything: the clouds are light and the wind drives them along in its own direction. I thought about it and came to the conclusion that the wind is moving air. But why does it move, what moves it? I had a lot of questions, and I decided to start looking for answers to them.
To begin with, I carried out a simple experiment: I took a sheet of paper, made a fan out of it, and waved it towards myself (see photo 1). I felt the coolness and breeze. So I made the air move.
Upon reflection, I realized that air does not move on its own. Under what influence does this happen? To do this, I conducted another experiment: when I stood on the floor, my legs felt cold air (see photo 2). But when I stood on the bed and stretched my arms up, it turned out that the air there was much warmer (see photo 3).
Conclusion: thus, the wind is first formed from two layers of air, and only then begins to blow.
I opened the front door and placed a lit candle on the threshold. The candle flame deviated into the room as cold air moved from the corridor (see photo 4). Then he slowly lifted the candle up. The flame deviated towards the corridor as warm air escaped from the room (see photo 5).
Conclusion: warm air rises, it is light, and heavy cold air rushes to its place.
The sun warms the earth, and the air heats up from the earth. But water, plants, houses and soil heat up differently, which means the air above them has different temperatures. It is colder above the river than above asphalt or stone houses.
Over wide warm seas, over snowy fields, over forests and hot deserts, air moves all the time. The air swirls around the entire Earth. The wind blows either stronger or weaker.
Conclusion: wind is moving air.
1.2.Types of winds.
The wind varies. He is capable of moving objects, even lifting and carrying light objects over a certain distance, inflating sails, bending and breaking trees, and much more.
Prowls across the field,
Sings and whistles
Breaks trees
Bends to the ground.
When I was at sea, I was bothered by the question: why does the water feel cool during the day, but in the evening, when a light, fresh breeze begins to blow, the water in the sea remains warm?
I turned to my dad about this. He explained to me that this phenomenon is called a breeze (see Fig. 2).
Breezes occur during the day and at night. During the day, when the sun is shining, the land heats up faster and the water body warms up slower. Warm air that forms over land rises. An area of low pressure is created. Above the surface of the water, the air is heavier and colder. That is why in summer there is a cool breeze from the water side. Here is an area of high pressure. Cold air from the sea rushes to land: from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure. A wind is formed which is called the day breeze.
At night it's the other way around. The land cools faster than the body of water. Cold air becomes denser and forms an area of high pressure. The water surface, heated during the day, cools more slowly. An area of low pressure forms here. Air will move from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure, i.e. from land to water. A night breeze arises.
A breeze is considered a calm wind. These include the monsoon.
Monsoon is a wind that changes its direction twice a year according to the seasons: in the summer it blows from the ocean to the land, and in the winter from the land to the ocean.
What can the wind do? Make noise, shake trees, rustle leaves, howl, whistle, raise dust, etc.
The wind can be cheerful, light - these are breezes. I conducted a small experiment: I prepared bowls of water on the table. Each bowl contained a “sea”: red (see photo 6) and yellow (see photo 7). I blew on the water. There were waves.
Conclusion: the harder you blow on the water, the higher the waves.
Or maybe the wind is strong, destructive, evil - it is a hurricane (see Fig. 4), a storm (see Fig. 5), a tornado (see Fig. 3). Such winds cause colossal damage: they uproot trees, destroy houses, knock down power line masts, and overturn cars. There are also human casualties. I tried to create a storm at home: I lowered sailing ships into a large basin of water. When I blew on the sails, the boats floated (see photo 8). I stopped blowing and the boats stopped in place. I decided to check what would happen if I blew hard? My boats were wrecked (see photo 9).
Conclusion: the stronger the wind blows, the more dangerous the sea.
This means that wind is the movement of air, which is characterized by speed. To determine it, sailors use the Beaufort scale, consisting of 12 points, where zero means complete calm, and 12 points means a hurricane (see Fig. 6).
1.3. Determination of cardinal directions.
The fastest and most accurate determination of the cardinal directions is a compass. There is an arrow on it, one end of which is marked with red or blue paint (see Fig. 7). There is also a scale on which the cardinal directions are marked: north (N), south (S), west (W), east (O). You need to position yourself so that the arrow stops at N. This will be north. Behind me will be south, to the left - west, to the right - east (see photo 10).
Of course, this is easy to do when you have a compass in your hands. But what if it's not there? How to be in this case?
My dad helped me with this question. He told me several ways to navigate the terrain without a compass. It turns out that nature itself provided for everything!
Landmarks are what help us not get lost. For example, in a forest on the northern side, moss grows on tree trunks (see Fig. 9). It does not like light and grows where it is damp and dark. The sun rarely shines from the north side. And on the opposite side is the south.
Such tips help us in the forest. If we find ourselves in a field or at sea, then we need to navigate by the stars.
All stars are united into groups - constellations. One of the largest and most beautiful is Ursa Major. Next to her is Ursa Minor. There is one very bright star in it - this is the North Star, which indicates the direction to the north (see Fig. 8). South will be behind you, west will be on your left, and east will be on your right. The East was so called because the sun rises there, and the West because the sun always sets in this direction.
Conclusion: in order to correctly determine the direction of the wind and navigate the terrain well, you need to know the cardinal directions and be able to determine them, even in emergency cases.
1.4.Importance of wind.
During the research, I learned a lot about the wizard-wind, about its origin, I learned that winds can be light and strong, cheerful and angry, destructive. And I had a question: what does the wind bring more to people and the environment - benefit or harm? Is he our friend or enemy? It was difficult for me to figure this out on my own, so I called my parents for help. Here's what we got:
Wind helps pollinated plants spread seeds;
The wind helps trees get rid of old foliage in the fall. But it can also cause harm: bend or even break the plant;
The wind carries odors and helps predators hunt;
During a storm at sea, fish from dangerous places go deeper to the bottom. There's little oxygen there. If the storm continues for a long time, the fish may die;
When a bird flies, the wind helps it and pushes it forward. Or it can interfere if it blows towards the meeting;
In hot summers, the wind cools animals that have warm fur;
The wind sways trees and can damage bird nests;
The wind carries warm air from hot countries to cold ones and vice versa. This makes hot countries cooler, and cold countries warmer;
If it were not for the wind, clouds and clouds would not come to dry lands. There would be no rain or snow, streams, rivers, lakes would dry up;
The wind constantly carries away polluted air and instead brings clean air from forests and fields;
People have learned to use wind to generate electricity. They invented such installations - wind turbines (see Fig. 11);
The wind rotates the blades of the mills. The millstones rotate and the grain is ground into flour (see Fig. 12);
When there were no engines, people sailed the sea in sailboats. The wind inflates the sail, pushes it and the ship floats.
Conclusion: the wind can be both a friend and an enemy of a person. This natural phenomenon is being studied so that the power of the wind can be used for useful purposes and to warn people of approaching danger.
1.5.The image of the wind in the works of the peoples of the world.
The wind occupied a special place in the works of great Russian poets and writers. I really like “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights”, which was written by A.S. Pushkin:
Wind, wind! You are powerful
You are chasing flocks of clouds.
You disturb the blue sea
Everywhere you blow in the open air,
You're not afraid of anyone
Except God alone...
People in their creativity had different attitudes towards this natural phenomenon. Sailors and millers loved and waited for the wind, since their lives depended on it. A wind in a drought could bring the long-awaited rain, and then could destroy the entire harvest. Since ancient times, wind has been associated with change, and not always for the better.
My grandmother told me that on April 18, according to the folk calendar, the holiday is Fedul - Vetrenik (Vetroduy) and Fedora - Vetrenitsa. In the old days they said this:
Fedul came and the heat blew.
Fedul came - a warm wind blew, opened the windows, and heated the hut without firewood.
In general, the wind is mentioned very often in folk art. Sometimes with great respect. Thus, a Chinese proverb advises: “Stand like a mountain, move like the wind.” The Vietnamese say with a smile: “Depending on the wind, the flag flutters.” And the Russians responded: “Keep your nose to the wind.” (See Attachment).
Many peoples say: “Without wind there are no waves” or “Without wind the grass does not sway.” This suggests that everything that happens has its own reasons.
The sailors encourage each other: “If you don’t care about the winds at sea, will the winds on land scare you?” Besides, “Only a strong wind can inflate large sails.” And the Greeks are convinced that it is in a moment of despair that a tailwind begins to blow.
Conclusion: no matter how strong and destructive the wind is, people still glorify it in their creativity, because it is one of the most important factors in nature, without which there would be no life on earth.
2. Research part.
2.1.Experiment 1. “Jolly jellyfish.”
To monitor the direction and strength of the wind, I made a homemade wind “trap” in the form of a funny sea creature.
1.I made a cylinder from colored cardboard (see photo 11).
2. Using a hole punch, I made many punctures along the edge at a distance of 1 cm from each other (see photo 12).
3. Threaded long ribbons – “tentacles” – into the holes and secured them with strong knots (see photo 13).
4. I attached a rope to the body, from which I hung the “funny jellyfish” (see photo 14).
Conclusion: the tentacles of a jellyfish react to the slightest breath of wind. This way I could determine not only the direction, but also the strength of the wind.
2.2.Experiment 2. “Spinner”.
Another device for observing the wind is a pinwheel.
1.I took a sheet of colored paper and cut out a square measuring 20 by 20 (see photo 15). I drew two diagonals and found the center of the square. I stepped back 1 cm from the center along the lines towards each of the corners, noted.
2.Cut the square along four lines to the mark.
3.Then I used a pin to poke a hole in the center and left corner of each of the resulting pieces.
4. Bend each of the resulting parts at a left angle to the center so that the hole in the corner of the part coincides with the hole in the center.
5.I secured the resulting pinwheel with a nail and attached it to a wooden stick (see photo 16).
Conclusion: the pinwheel responds very well to air movement and is another means of determining wind direction.
2.3. Experiment 3. “Weather vane”.
For the next experiment I needed a weather vane. Since I didn’t have a real one, I decided to make it myself.
1.Using scissors, I cut a length from the cork strip.
2.On a plate made of aluminum foil, I drew the details (arrow and tail) with a pencil, then cut them out (see photo 17). The parts must be large enough to feel the influence of the wind.
3.Using scissors, I made small cuts at both ends of the cork strip. I applied a little glue into the slot and glued the triangular piece to the rail. I did the same with the tail part of the weather vane (see photo 18).
4.Then I took a long wooden strip and attached a cork strip to it. The cork bar should rotate freely (see photo 19).
5.In order to easily determine the exact direction of the wind, I cut out the letters N, S, E, W (north, south, east, west) from colored cardboard. Each letter has its own color (see photo 20).
6.Cut four pieces of equal length from the cork strip. I glued one letter to each piece, and then glued the resulting signs to a wooden strip (see photo 21).
7.Using a compass, I determined where north is. I placed my weather vane so that the letter N pointed north. The arrow shows the direction of the wind (see photo 22).
After the weather vane was ready, I began to observe the weather daily, the direction of the wind, and write down my observations in a diary (see Fig. 14).
Conclusion: it turns out that when the wind direction changes, the weather also changes. For example, during the days of my observations the north wind prevailed, which brought severe frosts and at times even snow.
I learned to determine the direction of the wind with the help of my funny jellyfish, pinwheel and weather vane. But there are many more signs by which you can determine the strength and direction of the wind, for example, by the direction of the smoke from the chimney (see photo 23), by the movement of branches on the trees (see Fig. 13). If there is no wind, the smoke from the chimney rises straight up, the tree branches are motionless. In a strong wind, not only branches sway, but also tree tops and trunks, and the smoke deviates sharply to the side.
When the wind blows, it's interesting to watch the clouds, they float low and fast,
I also like to watch a blizzard from the window, when whirlwinds of snow are transferred from place to place. Sometimes the wind sweeps across the ground, forming drifting snow.
Recently we went for a walk and bought balloons. They also clearly show where the wind is blowing (see photo 24). A waving flag can also help us determine the direction of the wind (see photo 25).
Conclusion.
During my research work, I learned a lot about such a magical natural phenomenon as wind. I found out where it comes from, what types it comes in, what is determined by it, and what happens when it gains enormous strength.
I also realized that a person will not be able to control the wind, which refutes my hypothesis. But you can use the wind for your own purposes - wind energy is enormous, it is available everywhere and does not need to be extracted, like coal from mines.
Thus, having studied all the positive and negative aspects of the wind, I came to the conclusion that the wind has a huge impact on humans and wildlife. It is also the most important factor in shaping the climate on planet Earth. If there was no wind, the Earth would look completely different, climate zones would be located differently, people would live differently.
References, Internet sources:
Likum A. Everything about everything. Popular encyclopedia for children. Moscow: Slovo, 1993.
Kalashnikov V.I. Wonders of nature. On the ground and in the air. Moscow: White City, 2005.
[ 3] Galileo. Science by experience. Moscow: De Agostini, 2011.
[ 4] Planet Earth. Encyclopedia. Moscow: Rosman, 2010.
Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language.
http://shishkinles.ru
Http://www.otvetim.info/detskie-voprosy/
Application.
Figure 1. Clouds.
Photo 1. Experiment 1. Fan.
.
Photo 2. Experiment 2. There is cold air below. Photo 3. Experiment 2. Warm air above.
Photo 4. Experiment 3. Photo 5. Experiment 3.
Figure 2. Breeze.
Photo 6. Experiment 4. Photo 7. Experiment 4.
Figure 3. Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Photo 8. Experiment 5. Photo 9. Experiment 5.
Figure 6. Beaufort scale. Figure 7. Compass.
Photo 10. Figure 8. Polaris.
Figure 9. Moss on a tree. Figure 10. Cardinal directions.
Figure 11. Wind turbines. Figure 12. Mill.
Photo 11. Experiment 1. Cheerful jellyfish. Photo 12. Experiment 1. Cheerful jellyfish.
Photo 13. Experiment 1. Cheerful jellyfish. Photo 14. Experiment 1. Cheerful jellyfish.
Photo 15. Experiment 2. Pinwheel. Photo 16. Experiment 2. Pinwheel.
Photo17. Experiment 3. Weather vane. Photo 18. Experiment 3. Weather vane.
Photo 19. Experiment 3. Weather vane. Photo 20. Experiment 3. Weather vane.
Photo 21. Experiment 3. Weather vane. Photo 22. Experiment 3. Weather vane.
Photo 23. Smoke from the chimney. Figure 13.
Photo 24. Balloon. Photo 25. Flag.
Figure 14. Weather observation table.
southeastern
t =-5C
Mainly cloudy
northern
northern
variable region
northern
northeastern
northeastern
northwestern
northern
variable region
northwestern
variable region
northeastern
variable region
northwestern
northern
variable region
northeastern
variable region
northeastern
northeastern
northeastern
variable region
northeastern
t =- 16C
northern
t =- 15C
variable region
northern
t =- 9C
northern
variable region
Riddles about the wind.
It is the bird that flies, not the bird, Who knows no boundaries?
Howls, not an animal. Who flies faster than birds?
The clouds are catching up, He is sometimes menacing, sometimes rebellious,
Howls and blows. How soft the spring fluff is.
Roaming around the world, Who is the freest in the world?
Sings and whistles. Did you guess it? This…
Running through the snow, but there is no trace? It's not a bird that flies,
Howling is not an animal.
A Tale of the Wind.
Wind and sun (K. Ushinsky).
One day the Sun and the angry North Wind started a dispute about which of them was stronger. They argued for a long time and finally decided to measure their strength against the traveler, who at that very time was riding on horseback along the high road.
Look, - said the Wind, - how I will fly at him: I will instantly tear off his cloak.
He said - and began to blow as hard as he could. But the more the Wind tried, the tighter the traveler wrapped himself in his cloak: he grumbled about the bad weather, but rode further and further. The wind became angry, fierce, and showered the poor traveler with rain and snow; Cursing the Wind, the traveler put his cloak into the sleeves and tied it with a belt. At this point the Wind himself became convinced that he could not pull off his cloak.
The sun, seeing the powerlessness of its rival, smiled, looked out from behind the clouds, warmed and dried the earth, and at the same time the poor half-frozen traveler. Feeling the warmth of the sun's rays, he perked up, blessed the Sun, took off his cloak, rolled it up and tied it to the saddle.
You see,” the meek Sun then said to the angry Wind, “you can do much more with affection and kindness than with anger.”
Poems about the wind.
Play for me, blue wind... (A.S. Pushkin). Windy (I. Tokmakova).
Play for me, blue wind, windy, windy
Today is the song of the sea. The whole earth is ventilated
And a serenade of leaves The wind leaves from the branches
About joy and sorrow. Spread around the world:
And every evening I will be linden, birch,
I am a weather vane on the roof of a yellow leaf and a pink one,
Play tag with the wind Red, colorful,
And the songs are inaudible to sing! Old sheet of newspaper.
Proverbs and sayings about the wind.
The foliage is confused by the wind, a person is confused by the word.
The wind in your head is never fair.
Keeping your word is not running with the wind.
The wind that does not bring good is bad.
The wind flies without wings.
If you sow the wind, you will reap the storm.
Folk signs about the wind.
Where the wind comes from, where the weather comes from.
Before a thunderstorm, the forest becomes quiet.
Wherever the wind blows, the rain comes.
If the forest makes noise in winter, it means there will be a thaw.
A strong wind during rain promises good weather.
Wind in stripes, gusts - for calm weather.
The night wind sent rain during the day.
The wind behind the sun means windy weather.
If the wind blows from the south in summer it means bad weather, in winter it means warmth.
Air moves continuously: it rises or falls (upward or downward movement), and also moves horizontally, forming wind.
In a closed area of low pressure, air rushes towards the center, deviating to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. Rising vortices are formed - cyclones(Fig. 69a). They are the main source of moisture, which the atmosphere returns to Earth in the form of rain and snow. This happens because the warm and cold air masses of the cyclone move in a circle, forming atmospheric fronts— the interface between them. Cold air, meeting warm air, ends up below, displacing warm air upward. Warm air pushes cold air and rises above it along the dividing line. Depending on the “victory” of one or another air, warm and cold atmospheric fronts are distinguished.
In a closed area of high pressure, downward vortices are formed - anti-cyclones(Fig. 69b). There are no conditions for the formation of atmospheric fronts in them, since the air sinks and spreads to the sides.
Wind is characterized by speed, strength and direction. Wind speed is measured in meters per second (m/s) or Beaufort scale (1 point = about 2 m/s). The direction of the wind is determined by the side of the horizon from which the wind blows (south, southeast, north, etc.).
Strong winds are usually associated with atmospheric fronts. They tear off roofs, uproot trees, are dangerous for airplanes and are even more dangerous on the seas, where they cause huge waves that can sink ships.
The most powerful and dangerous cyclones are typhoons(Fig. 70a). The wind reaches a speed of 90-110 m/s and has enormous energy - half a million times more than that released during the explosion of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima. Material from the site
In summer, you can observe small-sized (50-450 m in diameter) strong vortices that descend from a thundercloud to the very surface of the Earth in the form of a column or sleeve - this is tornado(Fig. 70b). At the top it expands like a funnel and merges with the cloud. When a tornado reaches the surface of the earth, its lower part also becomes like a funnel. The height of a tornado can be up to 1.5 km, and the speed can be up to 300 m/s. Tornadoes occur when there is an unusually sharp drop in air temperature depending on altitude; the air in this case quickly rises and twists in a spiral. The large difference in pressure outside and inside the tornado acts as a suction force that absorbs everything in its path: houses and railway cars, animals and people, water from reservoirs, etc. There are known cases when fish fell out of the clouds far from the place of origin of the tornado, frogs and even silver coins captured by a tornado from an ancient treasure. Every year from tornadoes, for example in North America (where they occur most often and are called tornado), up to 400 people die.
Rice. 70. Typhoon (a) and tornado (b) |
On this page there is material on the following topics:
The role of air currents in shaping the earth's climate abstract
Message on geography wind
Geography essay on wind, wind direction and speed
Wind report on geography
Wind geography report
Questions about this material:
Vyacheslav Fedorkov
The student presented this work at the district Research Festival in the 2013-2014 academic year.
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Project goal: To talk about the origin of wind, its impact on the environment, its influence on climate formation and to prove it through experiments. Hypothesis: Wind as a weather phenomenon influences the formation of climate in a given area. Objectives: 1. Study the literature on the research problem. 2. Draw conclusions after studying the literature. 3. Conducting experiments. 4. Summing up. Research methods: 1. Method of analysis of theoretical literature. 2. Observation of the environment. 3. Modeling method. 4. Experimental method. 5. Forecasting method.
What is wind? Wind is the movement of air masses as a result of their uneven heating. Thus, air always moves from an area of higher atmospheric pressure to an area of lower. In any area there is a difference in pressure, which is why the wind blows in that area. If you live on the sea coast, you can see this every day. During the day, the land heats up, the air above the ground rises, and the cold wind from the sea takes its place. At night, the earth cools down, but the water remains warm, the warm air above the water rises, and the breeze blows from the shore, taking the place of the warm rising air.
Classification of winds In meteorology, winds are classified primarily according to their strength, duration and direction. Thus, gusts are considered to be short-term (several seconds) and strong movements of air. Strong winds of average duration (about 1 minute) are called squalls. The names of longer lasting winds depend on the strength, for example, such names are breeze, storm, gale, hurricane, typhoon. An analysis of the literature on our issue allowed us to conduct the following experiments.
Where does the wind come from? Experiment 1 Due to the difference in temperatures outside and in the apartment, the air should move from the cold side to the warm side, that is, to where the temperature is higher. A light material was brought to the slightly open window, which will serve as an indicator of air movement. Conclusion: The air moves towards warmer air.
Why does the wind blow? Experiment 2 Since warm air is lighter than cold air, we will conduct an experiment from which it will be clear that flows of cold air displace warm air. A lit candle was brought to the slightly open door. If you hold a candle over the top edge of the door, the flame of the candle will deviate towards the street. If you place a candle on the floor, the candle flame will deviate towards the room. Conclusion: wind is the movement of air. Warm air is lighter, it rises and goes out into the street, and cold air takes its place.
Wind formation in the city. Experiment 3, observation, method of work During the period from November to January, an observation experiment was carried out. Its purpose is to determine the methods of formation and direction of wind in the city of Petrozavodsk. Implementation of the experiment: every day, at the same time in the morning and at the same time in the evening, record the wind direction, while noting the air temperature, precipitation, and other weather changes. All data was recorded in one notebook and a table was filled out. After the experiment, all the data was formed into a diagram characterizing the wind regime at a specific point based on monthly data - the Wind Rose. Conclusion: south-eastern and eastern winds bring warming to Petrozavodsk, which is expressed in an increase in temperature and precipitation in the form of rain. Winds from the northeastern and western directions bring cooling to Petrozavodsk, which is expressed in a decrease in temperature and increased frost. Thus, we can say that winds of different directions have different effects on the weather of Petrozavodsk.
Wind formation in the city. Experiment 3, table
Wind formation in the city. Experiment 3, results Based on the data obtained and the constructed diagram, we can conclude that in the city of Petrozavodsk winds of the north-west and south-east directions predominate.
CONCLUSION Winds have always influenced human civilization, inspiring mythological stories, influencing historical actions, expanding the range of trade, cultural development and warfare, and supplying energy for a variety of energy production and recreation mechanisms. In the course of studying the appearance of wind and the very concept of wind, it was possible to understand the enormous importance the wind and its study and forecasting have on human life. After conducting experiments and experiments that aroused the greatest interest in the study, it was possible to understand where the wind comes from and how it affects the formation of weather in the city of Petrozavodsk in winter. Our hypothesis has been proven.
List of literature and articles from the Internet http://www.kartravel.ru/page11.html http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/sea/7856/%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%97% D0%90 http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/polytechnic/8001/%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%97%D0%90 http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf /bse/127969/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0 5. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0% B0_ %D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2 6. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1% 82%D0%B5%D1%80 7. http://www.solnet.ee/sol/005/v_059.html 8. http://potomy.ru/world/437.html