Executive. Introducing changes to design documentation that has passed the examination. Permissible deviations from design documentation.
GRK RF Article 52. Construction, reconstruction, major repairs of a capital construction project
1. Construction, reconstruction of capital construction projects, as well as their major repairs are regulated by this Code, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation adopted in accordance with them.
2. Work under contracts for construction, reconstruction, major repairs of capital construction projects concluded with the developer, technical customer, person responsible for the operation of the building, structure, regional operator (hereinafter also referred to as the construction contract) must be carried out only by individual entrepreneurs or legal entities persons who are members of self-regulatory organizations in the field of construction, reconstruction, major repairs of capital construction projects, unless otherwise established by this article. The execution of construction, reconstruction, and major repairs of capital construction projects under such contracts is provided by construction organization specialists (chief project engineers). Work under contracts for construction, reconstruction, and major repairs of capital construction projects concluded with other persons can be performed by individual entrepreneurs or legal entities that are not members of such self-regulatory organizations.
(see text in the previous edition)
2.1. An individual entrepreneur or a legal entity that is not a member of self-regulatory organizations in the field of construction, reconstruction, major repairs of capital construction projects can perform work under construction contracts concluded with the developer, technical customer, person responsible for the operation of the building, structure, regional operator, if the amount of obligations under each of such agreements does not exceed three million rubles.
2.2. Membership in self-regulatory organizations in the field of construction, reconstruction, and major repairs of capital construction projects is not required:
1) state and municipal unitary enterprises, including state and municipal treasury enterprises, state and municipal institutions if they conclude construction contracts with federal executive authorities, state corporations that carry out legal regulation in the relevant area, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies in charge of such enterprises, institutions, or in the case of such enterprises, institutions performing the functions of a technical customer on behalf of the specified federal executive authorities, state corporations, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies;
2) commercial organizations, in the authorized (share) capitals of which the share of state and municipal unitary enterprises, state and municipal autonomous institutions is more than fifty percent, if such commercial organizations conclude construction contracts with the specified enterprises, institutions, as well as with federal executive bodies authorities, state corporations, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, which are provided for in paragraph 1 of this part and which are in charge of the specified enterprises, institutions, or in the case of such commercial organizations performing the functions of a technical customer on behalf of the specified enterprises, institutions, federal executive authorities, state corporations, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments;
3) legal entities created by public legal entities (with the exception of legal entities provided for in paragraph 1 of this part), in the event that these legal entities conclude construction contracts in established areas of activity (in areas for the purposes of carrying out activities in which such legal entities are created ), as well as commercial organizations, in the authorized (share) capitals of which the share of the specified legal entities is more than fifty percent, in the event that such commercial organizations conclude construction contracts with the specified legal entities or in the case of such commercial organizations performing the functions of a technical customer on behalf of the specified legal entities persons;
4) legal entities in the authorized (share) capitals of which the share of public legal entities is more than fifty percent, in the event that these legal entities conclude construction contracts with federal executive authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, in the established areas of activity in which the specified legal entities carry out statutory activities, or in the case of the specified legal entities performing the functions of a technical customer on behalf of these federal executive authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, as well as commercial organizations, in the authorized (share) capitals in which the share of these legal entities is more than fifty percent, in the event that such commercial organizations conclude construction contracts with the specified federal executive authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, legal entities, or in the event that such commercial organizations perform the functions of a technical customer from the names of the specified federal executive authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, legal entities;
(see text in the previous edition)
3. The person carrying out construction, reconstruction, major repairs of a capital construction project (hereinafter referred to as the person carrying out construction) may be a developer or an individual entrepreneur or a legal entity that has entered into a construction contract. The person carrying out the construction ensures compliance with the requirements of design documentation, technical regulations, safety precautions during the specified work and is responsible for the quality of the work performed and their compliance with the requirements of the design documentation and (or) information model (if the formation and maintenance of the information model is mandatory in accordance with the requirements of this Code).
(see text in the previous edition)
3.1. The developer has the right to carry out construction, reconstruction, major repairs of capital construction projects independently, provided that he is a member of a self-regulatory organization in the field of construction, reconstruction, major repairs of capital construction projects, unless otherwise provided by this article, or with the involvement of other persons under a construction contract .
(see text in the previous edition)
3.2. In the case of issuing a permit for individual stages of construction, reconstruction of capital construction projects, individual entrepreneurs or legal entities that are members of a self-regulatory organization in the field of construction, reconstruction of capital construction projects (unless otherwise provided for in this article) may be engaged by the developer or technical customer on the basis of a construction contract contract for the implementation of individual stages of construction, reconstruction of a capital construction project.
(see text in the previous edition)
4. When carrying out construction, reconstruction, major repairs of a capital construction project on the basis of a construction contract with the developer or technical customer, the person responsible for the operation of the building, structure, regional operator, these persons must prepare a land plot for construction and (or) a capital construction project for reconstruction or major repairs, as well as transfer to the individual entrepreneur or legal entity with which such an agreement is concluded, materials and results of engineering surveys, design documentation, and a construction permit. If it is necessary to stop work or suspend it for more than six months, the developer or technical customer must ensure conservation of the capital construction project.
(see text in the previous edition)
5. If, in accordance with this Code, during the construction or reconstruction of a capital construction project, state construction supervision is provided, the developer or technical customer in advance, but no later than seven working days before the start of construction, reconstruction of the capital construction project must send to the authorized to carry out state construction supervision, the federal executive body, the executive body of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation or the State Atomic Energy Corporation "Rosatom" (hereinafter also referred to as state construction supervision bodies) a notice of the start of such work, to which the following documents are attached:
(see text in the previous edition)
1) a copy of the construction permit;
2) design documentation in full, and in cases of issuing a permit for a separate stage of construction, reconstruction in the amount necessary for the implementation of the corresponding stage of construction;
(see text in the previous edition)
3) a copy of the document on the placement of indentation lines from the red lines on the ground;
4) general and special journals in which records of work are kept;
5) a positive conclusion from the examination of project documentation if the design documentation of a capital construction project is subject to examination in accordance with Article 49 of this Code.
(see text in the previous edition)
5.1. The person carrying out construction has the right not to submit the documents provided for in paragraphs 1 and 5 of part 5 of this article. In this case, the state construction supervision authorities independently request the specified documents (the information contained in them) from the authority that issued the construction permit.
(see text in the previous edition)
5.2. If changes are made to the design documentation that has received a positive conclusion from the examination of design documentation, in accordance with parts 3.8 and 3.9 of Article 49 of this Code after receiving permission to construct a capital construction project, the developer or technical customer no later than ten working days from the date of approval of such changes in accordance with parts 15.2 and 15.3 of Article 48 of this Code, sends them to the state construction supervision authorities.
5.3. In cases established by the Government of the Russian Federation, the documents (their copies or information contained in them) specified in paragraphs 1 - 5 of part 5 of this article are provided by the developer or technical customer in the form of an information model.
6. The person carrying out construction is obliged to carry out construction, reconstruction, major repairs of a capital construction project in accordance with the design assignment, design documentation and (or) information model (if the formation and maintenance of an information model is mandatory in accordance with the requirements of this Code), requirements for the construction, reconstruction of a capital construction project established on the date of issue of the urban planning plan of the land plot submitted for obtaining a construction permit, the permitted use of the land plot, restrictions established in accordance with land and other legislation of the Russian Federation, the requirements of technical regulations and when This ensures the safety of work for third parties and the environment, compliance with labor safety requirements, and the safety of cultural heritage sites. The person carrying out construction is also obliged to provide access to the territory on which construction, reconstruction, major repairs of a capital construction project are carried out, representatives of the developer, technical customer, person responsible for the operation of the building, structure, or regional operator, state construction supervision authorities, provide them the necessary documentation, carry out construction control, ensure the maintenance of as-built documentation, notify the developer, technical customer, the person responsible for the operation of the building, structure, or regional operator, representatives of state construction supervision authorities about the completion dates of the work that are subject to inspection, ensure the elimination of identified deficiencies and not begin to continue work until reports on the elimination of identified deficiencies are drawn up, and ensure control over the quality of the building materials used.
(see text in the previous edition)
7. Deviation of the parameters of a capital construction project from the design documentation, the need for which was revealed during the construction, reconstruction, or major repairs of such a facility, is permitted only on the basis of design documentation newly approved by the developer, technical customer, person responsible for the operation of the building, structure, or regional operator after making appropriate changes to it in accordance with this Code, including in the manner prescribed by parts 3.8 of maintaining as-built documentation, the form and procedure for maintaining general and special journals in which records of work are kept, the procedure for construction, reconstruction, major repairs, the procedure for conservation of a capital construction project may be established by regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.
Permissible deviations from the design geometric shape of sending elements
Item no. | Name of deviation | Permissible deviation | Note |
^ Warping of assembly parts | |||
1 | Gap between sheet and steel ruler length | 1.5 mm | |
2 | The gap between the stretched string and the butt of the angle, flange or wall of the channel and I-beam | 0.001 L, but not more than 10 mm | L - element length |
^ II. Deviation of edge lines of sheet parts from the theoretical outline | |||
3 | When butt welding | 2 mm | Steps in the edges, within the permissible deviations, must be eliminated by cleaning |
4 | For lap, tee and corner welding | 5 " |
|
^ III. Bending Deviation | |||
5 | The clearance between the template and the surface of the rolled sheet, shelf or edge of the cold-bent profile | 2 mm | Template length (arc) 1.5 m |
6 | Same thing, bent hot | 3" |
|
7 | Ellipticity (diameter difference) of a circle in dimensional sheet structures | 0,005D | D- circle diameter in mm |
8 | The same in installation joints | 0,003D |
|
^ IV. Deformation of sending elements | |||
9 | Distortion of flanges (Δ) of elements of T- and I-sections at joints and at abutments (e - flange width in mm) | 0,005V | |
10 | Skewed shelves (Δ) in other places | 0,01V |
|
11 | Mushroom shape of flanges (Δ) of elements of T- and I-sections at joints and in places of abutments | 0,005V |
|
12 | Mushroom shape of shelves (Δ) in other places | 0,01V |
|
13 | Skew or mushroom-shaped shelves (Δ) of the upper chords | 0,005V |
|
14 | Helicity of elements | 0,001 L, but not more than 10 mm | L- element length in mm |
15 | Buckling of the wall of beams with vertical ribs | 0,006h | h- wall height in mm |
16 | Buckling of the web of beams without vertical ribs | 0,003h | Same |
17 | Buckling of the wall of crane beams | 0,003h | h- wall height in mm |
18 | Element deflection boom | 1 / 750 L, but not more than 15 mm | L- element length in mm |
^V. Various | |||
19 | Displacement of axes or rivet marks of elements in | 3 mm | - |
20 | Tangent of the angle of deviation from the design position | 1 / 1500 | - |
2.82.* Slinging and intra-factory transportation of finished elements must be carried out using methods that exclude the formation of residual bends and dents. Slinging with chains directly touching the surface of the element is prohibited.
Loading of dimensional and oversized structures onto vehicles, securing them and transporting them must be carried out in accordance with the current technical conditions for transportation.
Loading of small elements of the same type (spacers, ties, etc.) should be done tied into bags.
^
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
3.1. Installation work should be carried out only if there is an approved work plan, which must also contain specific technical safety solutions. For complex structures, a technological process for assembly and welding must be developed.
For small and technically uncomplicated objects, it is allowed to draw up a project for the production of work in a reduced scope, determined by departmental instructions.
The installation work project is drawn up by a specialized design organization or installation organization and must be agreed upon with the general contracting construction organization and approved in the manner established in Chapter SNiP III-A.6-62 “Organizational and technical preparation for construction. Basic provisions".
3.2. The organization developing the work project is responsible for the expedient and economical solution to the methods of performing the work, for the methods and sequence of work, ensuring the stability of the mounted structures at all stages of the work.
In the work project, standard and most progressive solutions to work methods and standard devices are used as much as possible.
The work project is drawn up on the basis of KM or KMD drawings.
3.3. The organization performing installation work is responsible for compliance of the work performed with the design drawings, the work design and the requirements of this chapter.
Any deviations from the KMD drawings during installation work must be agreed upon with the organization that developed the KMD drawings, or the organization that developed the KM drawings.
Any deviations from the work plan must be agreed upon with the organization that compiled it.
3.4. The main method of installation work should be installation in large blocks, including, in possible cases, in addition to the steel structures themselves, also mechanical parts, lining and other parts of the building or structure; the degree of enlargement is determined by the work project. Installation, as a rule, should be done “from wheels” without overloading structural elements.
3.5. Work on the installation of steel structures must be carried out according to a schedule combined with other work.
When work is carried out simultaneously in several tiers, temporary intermediate floors, protective flooring, nets or other reliable devices must be built between the tiers to prevent accidents to workers.
Subsequent construction and installation work can begin only after complete completion of all assembly, welding and riveting work on a given tier.
3.6. The installation of steel structures must be carried out with comprehensive mechanization of both the main and auxiliary processes of transportation, storage, enlarged assembly and installation of structures. It is recommended that the work be carried out primarily by integrated teams of installers.
When mechanizing work, modern advances in automation should be used in all installation work.
Mechanized welding methods (submerged arc welding, gas shielded welding, flux cored wire, electroslag) should be used primarily before manual welding both on enlarged structures and during their installation.
3.7. Management of installation work must be carried out by persons authorized to carry out this work. The assignment of the right to carry out work must be carried out on the basis of current rules.
3.8. All work on hole making, assembly, electric welding, riveting, etc. during installation must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs. 2.3-2.74.
3.9. When carrying out work, logs of installation and welding work, as well as work on installing high-strength bolts, should be kept, in which the conditions and volumes of work performed by individual units of workers are recorded on a daily basis.
^ CONSTRUCTION AND PREPARATION WORK
3.10. As a rule, it is allowed to begin installation work only after completion and acceptance of the zero-cycle work, including after the readiness of foundations, foundations and other supports for steel structures of the entire structure or its individual parts, in accordance with the installation work project.
3.11. Before the installation of steel structures begins, the following preparatory work is carried out:
a) construction of temporary buildings and structures for installation work and for sanitary services for workers, construction of railways and roads to the extent specified in the work project;
b) supply of electricity, water and compressed air to places of consumption;
c) preparation and planning of the installation site, arrangement of storage and assembly areas, cleaning them of construction waste, excess building materials, etc.;
d) installation and commissioning of installation equipment, ensuring the start and uninterrupted execution of installation work in accordance with the construction schedule.
^ FOUNDATIONS AND EMBODIED PARTS
3.12*. The construction of foundations, foundations and other supports for steel structures must be carried out according to the design in accordance with the requirements of current regulatory documents.
The dimensions, quality and location of bases, foundations and other supports are guaranteed by the construction organization.
Before the installation of steel structures begins, the installation organization accepts the design position of the foundations and supports for the structures.
3.13. The alignment axes required for the installation of steel structures are applied to metal parts concreted in the body of the foundations outside the contour of the structure's support.
The positions of axial marks in plan and height should be included in a special statement and diagram attached to the foundation acceptance certificate.
The location of the axes and benchmarks must ensure their use throughout the entire period of work until the structure is put into operation.
3.14*. Tolerances when laying out the axes of foundations, foundations and other supports for steel structures should not exceed those established in the table. 3 chapters of SNiP I-A.4-62 “Tolerance system. Basic provisions":
a) for structures assembled on racks using markings or on bolts, as well as in jigs and other devices with reinforced clamps - according to accuracy class 3-p;
b) for structures with ends milled after assembly - according to the accuracy class of layout 2-r.
Permissible deviations are assumed to be symmetrical to the nominal dimensions.
3.15. Embedded parts for steel structures etc. their installation must be installed and concreted by the construction organization, which bears full responsibility for the correct installation of these parts.
Complex embedded elements must be installed by an installation organization upon the order of a construction organization. The nomenclature of such elements is established in the additional rules of this chapter.
3.16. The supporting surfaces of foundations for the installation of steel structures must comply with the design of the structure (foundation drawings and CM drawings), the requirements of the additional rules of this chapter, as well as the requirements agreed upon between the construction and installation organizations, depending on the type of structure and the degree of processing of the support areas of the mounted structures ( bases of columns, etc.).
3.17*. Supporting the shoes of steel columns on the foundations should be carried out:
A) directly on the surface of foundations erected to the design level of the bottom of the columns, without subsequent grouting with cement mortar (for columns with milled shoe soles);
B) on pre-installed, calibrated and cement-filled steel base plates with a planed top surface; the bases of the columns must be milled;
c) on pre-installed and verified supporting parts (beams, rails, etc.) with a verified supporting surface, followed by filling the column shoes with cement mortar.
The method of supporting columns must be indicated in the construction drawings.
In this case, it is recommended to use the installation method given in subparagraph “a” for columns of one-story buildings, and according to the method given in subparagraph “b” for two-branch columns of single-story buildings with separate shoes and for columns with milled shoes of multi-story buildings.
3.18. Anchor bolts used to fasten steel structures must, as a rule, be installed in the design position and concreted simultaneously with the foundations.
3.19. Deviations of the surface of foundations, base plates, special supporting devices for steel structures and the position of anchor bolts should not exceed the values specified in table. 10.
^ Table 10*
Permissible deviations when installing supports (support points) for steel structures
Item no. | Name of deviation | Permissible deviation |
1 | The surface of the foundation, made in accordance with clause 3.17 “a”, and the marks of the supporting parts, in accordance with clause 3.17 “c”: | |
in height | ±5 mm |
|
along the slope | 1/1000 |
|
2 | The upper plane of the base plate, according to clause 3.17b: | |
in height | ±1.5 mm |
|
along the slope | 1/1500 |
|
3 | Displacements of anchor bolts in plan: | |
located inside the contour of the structure support | 5 mm |
|
located outside the contour of the structure support | 10 mm |
|
4 | Deviation of the mark of the upper end of the anchor bolt from the design | +20; -0 mm |
5 | Deviation of cutting length of anchor bolt | +30; -0 mm |
3.20. The threads of anchor bolts must be protected from damage and corrosion (caps, felt, lubricant).
3.21. Filling with cement mortar the space between the surface of the foundation or place of support and the structure or supporting part must be done in ways that ensure that the specified space is filled. Grouting should be done after alignment of structures and before concrete coating of structures, if provided for by the project. The grouting work is carried out by the construction organization after receiving written permission from the installation organization.
^ STORAGE AND SUPPLY OF STEEL STRUCTURES
3.22. If there is a large volume of work on the installation of steel structures, a central warehouse should be organized to receive and prepare steel structures for installation. The base is equipped with cranes of the required lifting capacity and other mechanisms, racks, stands, transport routes and communications equipment.
In addition to the central warehouse, when necessary, on-site warehouses for structures are organized.
Warehouses should be located in areas that are not flooded with water and located as close as possible to the objects being installed.
3.23. Before delivery from the warehouse for installation, all structures must be:
a) sorted by objects, brands and installation order;
b) inspected and identified damages were repaired;
c) prepared for installation (cleaned of dirt and rust, enlarged if necessary; the necessary marks, signs are applied to the structural elements, slinging points, centers of gravity are marked; the structures are equipped with mounting devices; supporting parts are cleaned and lubricated);
d) usually painted.
3.24. Unloading and storing structures before installation, as well as transporting them to. within the installation site should be carried out in ways that prevent damage to structures, primer and painting.
3.25. Structures must be laid in warehouses and on vehicles in compliance with the following requirements:
a) elements must be stacked on pads, and in multi-tier stacks, spacers must be placed between elements; the height of a multi-tier stack should not exceed 1.5 m;
b) the distance between the pads and between the gaskets should exclude the formation of residual deflection of the structures;
c) elements should not come into contact with the ground;
d) water should not stagnate on the elements;
e) elements must be stacked stably;
f) Trusses and beams should generally be stored in an upright position.
3.26. Structural elements with minor damage must be corrected and, after correction, inspected. Particular attention should be paid to checking and straightening compressed elements of lattice structures.
If the elements are significantly damaged, they must be removed or replaced with new ones; the method of reinforcement must be agreed upon with the organization that developed the CM drawings.
3.27. Submission of elements for enlarged assembly and installation must be carried out as a complete set in an order corresponding to the sequence of installation work. The position of the elements during feeding should ensure safety and the least labor-intensive installation work, eliminating the need for overloads, tilting, etc.
3.28. Elements of steel structures must be submitted for installation with cleaned surfaces on which the joining and joining of elements are carried out, with attached parts of the joints and connections.
3.29. When transporting structures, railway and road dimensions must be observed, taking into account local conditions.
^ ASSEMBLY AND ALIGNMENT
3.30. Installation of steel structures must be carried out in a sequence and using methods that ensure:
a) stability and immutability of the assembled part of the structure at all stages of installation;
b) stability of the mounted elements and their strength under installation loads;
c) safety of installation, construction and special work at the site when working on a combined schedule.
The installation of each section should begin with a bond panel or other spatially stable part of the building or structure.
3.31. The stability of structures under the influence of wind, their own weight and installation loads must be ensured by observing the correct sequence of installation of vertical and horizontal structural elements, by installing permanent or temporary connections, if they are provided for in the work design.
Subsequent work on mounted structures is permitted only after completion of work on the design fastening of these structures.
Installation of structures of each overlying tier of high-rise buildings should be carried out only after reliable fastening of the structural elements of the underlying tier with permanent or temporary fastenings provided for by the work design.
When installing high-rise structures, it is necessary to carry out measures provided for by the USSR Air Code.
3.32. Before lifting for installation in the design position, structural elements must be cleaned of dirt; their priming or painting in damaged areas must be restored.
3.33*. The contacting surfaces of all elements connected at joints and assemblies, including linings and gaskets, must be cleaned of dirt, rust and ice before assembly.
Mounting connections on high-strength bolts must be cleaned by fire (oxygen-acetylene or oxygen-propane-butane flame), treatment with quartz or metal sand (with a grain size of no more than 1 mm), steel brushes or a chemical method. The cleaning method is provided for in the project.
When cleaning by fire, do not allow the metal to overheat. After fire cleaning, remaining scale and traces of contamination (slag, etc.) must be removed. The quality of cleaning must be controlled.
Until complete fastening with high-strength bolts, joints and assemblies should be protected from moisture.
3.34. Scaffolding, ladders and other installation devices necessary for the work of installers, as a rule, must be inventory-based, durable and lightweight.
Scaffolds, ladders or parts for their fastening should be installed on mounted structures on the ground before they are lifted.
3.35. The installed structural elements, before they are released from the installation crane hook, must be securely fastened with the installation of bolts and plugs (clauses 3.41-3.42), the installation of tack welds (clause 3.43), with the installation of permanent or temporary connections, spacers, braces, etc. , determined by the work production project.
When making holes in assembled structures, the use of tools and devices that could lead to distortion of the shapes and sizes of holes is prohibited.
3.36. Lifting of flexible structures should be carried out using reinforcements or devices that prevent the occurrence of residual deformations in the elements, as well as stresses exceeding the design resistance of the structural material.
3.37. Installation of structures of large extent in plan or height must be carried out in complete spatially rigid sections or blocks (spans, tiers, floors, parts of the structure frame between expansion joints, etc.) with the installation of all structural elements, allowing production on the assembled section or block subsequent work. The dimensions of the spatial sections are determined by the work design.
3.38. Drawings and calculations of temporary reinforcements required for special installation methods (hinged and semi-hinged assembly, installation using various movements of structures as a whole assembled, etc.) must be included in the work design.
3.39. The use of installed structures for attaching cargo pulleys, outlet blocks and other lifting devices to them is permitted only in cases provided for by the work project.
Attaching a tap-off block to an installed and secured structure is permitted provided that the strength of the structure is checked by calculation for the load acting on the tap-off block.
3.40. Instrumental verification of the correct installation of structures, as well as their final alignment and fastening, must be carried out immediately after the completion of the assembly of each spatially rigid section of the structure ( clause 3.37).
Correction of the geometric diagram of structures during their alignment should be done in ways that do not violate their strength and stability.
^ INSTALLATION CONNECTIONS
3.41.* Holes in assembly connections made with rivets or high-precision bolts must be filled with temporary bolts and plugs when installing structures. The diameter of the plugs must match the diameter of the holes.
The number of plugs is determined by calculation, and the force on the plug can be taken the same as on the mounting rivet.
At least 1/3 of the total number of holes is filled with bolts (to tie the package) and with plugs at least 1/10 of the total number of holes. With five or fewer holes, at least two bolts and one plug must be installed in the assembly.
When installing structures, holes in connections with normal precision bolts are filled with permanent bolts and plugs in the same quantities.
3.42. Holes for mounting connections on high-strength bolts when installing structures should be filled with permanent bolts in quantities not less than those specified in clause 3.41. For more accurate alignment of the holes, plugs must be installed.
3.43. The number, dimensions and length of tack welds in installation welded joints that bear installation loads are determined by calculation. In installation welded joints that do not support installation loads, the length of the tack welds must be at least 10% of the length of the design installation seams for this joint, but not shorter than 50 mm.
3.44. Welding, riveting and final fastening of permanent bolts can only be carried out after checking the correct position of the structures of the relevant parts of the structure.
3.45. The heads and nuts of the bolts must be in close contact with the planes of the structures and washers. Round washers must be placed under the heads and nuts of permanent bolts of normal and high precision - no more than two under the nut and one under the head. In this case, the thread of the bolt should be outside the hole of the elements being connected, and the smooth part of the rod should not protrude from the washer.
Only special heat-treated washers of the established sizes should be placed under the heads and nuts of high-strength bolts - one washer for each head and nut.
3.46. Fastening of nuts to permanent bolts of normal and high precision should be carried out by installing lock nuts or spring washers, or by welding the nut to the bolt rod or driving the threads, in accordance with the instructions of the working drawings.
The quality of tightening of permanent bolts of normal and high precision should be checked by tapping with a hammer, and the bolt should not shake or move.
3.47.* When installing high-strength bolts, the following requirements must be met:
a) senior working units or teams must have a certificate of admission to work on connections with high-strength bolts;
b) bolts and washers must be cleaned of grease, dirt, and rust before installing them in the structure; the nuts must be turned along the entire thread of the bolt without using lubricant; Lubricating the threads of the nut (but not the bolt) should be done before tightening the bolt to the design torque;
c) the nuts should be tightened to the bolt tension value specified by the design using special torque wrenches; calibration should be monitored 2 times per shift (before the start and in the middle of the shift);
d) the tension of the bolts is carried out in the direction from the middle of the connection to its edges;
e) the amount of torque required to tension the bolts is determined by the formula
M cr = KNd, | (1) |
Where ^N- bolt tension force indicated in the KM and KMD drawings;
d- nominal bolt diameter;
K- coefficient determined according to special instructions.
The amount of torque for each batch of bolts must be indicated by the supplier, and in the absence of these instructions, it is specified during installation using a dynamometer control device.
The permissible deviation of the actual torque from the design torque should not exceed ±10%;
f) nuts tightened to a given torque are not secured with anything else;
g) the tension of the bolts should be controlled by spot check: with the number of bolts in the connection up to 5 pcs. 100% of bolts are controlled, with the number of bolts from 6 to 20 pcs. - at least 5 pcs. and with a larger number - at least 25% of the bolts in the connection; if during inspection it is discovered that the number of undertightened or overtightened high-strength bolts exceeds 10% of those tested, then all 100% of the bolts in the connection are subject to inspection;
h) the tightness of the package after tightening all the bolts to the design force is checked with a 0.05 mm thick feeler gauge, which should not go into the package against the installed high-strength bolts;
i) after inspection, the bolt heads must be painted, and the entire connection must be puttied along the contour;
j) work must be recorded in control logs for the preparation of joints and installation of high-strength bolts.
^ PAINTING OF STEEL STRUCTURES
3.48. Painting of steel structures must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of chapter SNiP III-B.6-62 “Protection of building structures from corrosion. Rules for the production and acceptance of work", the requirements of this chapter and the project instructions.
Painting of structures at subzero temperatures is permitted if painting materials and methods are used that ensure proper quality of painting under these conditions.
Painting of factory-primed steel structures should, as a rule, be done below (in the warehouse, at the installation site) before lifting the structures into their design position.
3.49. Before painting, steel structures must be cleaned of dirt, ice, rust, loose primer and mineral oils. The cleaned areas and all cracks must be puttied and primed again.
In this case, it is allowed to leave the old primer uncleaned if it does not have cracks in the film, traces of rust on the surface and under the primer, if it is not fragile and has good adhesion to the metal. Those places in steel structures where the primer or paint is damaged during transportation or during installation operations, as well as installation connections at joints and assemblies, after completion of all installation work, must be thoroughly cleaned, primed and painted.
3.50. Cleaning of steel structures should be carried out primarily by mechanized methods: metal powder with a grain size of 0.3-0.5 mm or shot with a grain size of 0.8-1 mm, sandblasting, pneumatic wire brushes, abrasive wheels, etc. For small amounts of work, cleaning can be done with hand tools.
3.51.* Painting steel structures with oil paint should be done in 2 layers. Painting is carried out after the primer has completely dried, restored or installed during installation in accordance with clause 2.75 “d” and “g”. In this case, the time intervals between applying the first and second layers of paint and between applying the second layer of paint and lifting the structure must be sufficient for the coating to dry completely.
Priming and painting must be carried out in dry weather at an air temperature not lower than +5°C or in accordance with the requirements of clause 3.48.
When using other materials for painting, the number of paint layers must be specified in the special technical conditions for painting with these materials or in the project.
3.52. Painting of steel structures should, as a rule, be done with paint sprayers. Manual painting is allowed for small volumes of work and for small lattice structures.
The paint should be applied in thin, even layers without gaps, stains or smudges.
When painting with pneumatic sprayers, the compressed air must be free of moisture, oil and dust.
^ 4. ACCEPTANCE OF WORK
4.1.* Acceptance of assembled steel structures must be carried out in the following order:
intermediate acceptance of hidden work;
final acceptance of the assembled structures of the entire structure or part of it.
The following are subject to intermediate acceptance with the preparation of reports for hidden work:
a) foundations and other supports for steel structures and various concreted and embedded embedded parts;
b) steel structures that are covered during subsequent work;
c) other work specified in the relevant rules for certain types of structures, in accordance with clause 1.13.
Acceptance must be carried out with a thorough quality check of individual types of work and assembled structures as a whole.
4.2. Acceptance of foundations and supports for steel structures and embedded parts must be carried out for individual sections of the structure before the start of installation of structures with the preparation of an acceptance certificate. Upon acceptance, you should check the compliance of the dimensions and positions of the supporting surfaces, special supporting devices and anchor bolts with the design dimensions and positions, as well as the permissible deviations given in table. 10 or in the relevant rules for certain types of structures ( clause 1.13).
4.3.* Acceptance of assembled steel structures of the entire structure or its individual spatially rigid sections ( clause 3.37) should be carried out after the final fastening of the structures in accordance with the project. Acceptance of structures is carried out before painting the installation joints. The painting of these connections, performed at the top, is documented in a separate act.
4.4. The test program and methods for steel structures, if testing is provided for in the design of the structure, must be assigned in accordance with the rules for individual types of structures ( clause 1.13) or indicated in the construction design.
4.5.* The documentation presented upon acceptance of assembled steel structures must contain:
a) detail drawings of steel structures (DMD);
b) factory certificates for supplied steel structures;
c) documents on approval of deviations from the project; agreed deviations from the project must be indicated by the installation organization on the design drawings presented upon delivery of the work;
d) acts of acceptance of hidden work;
e) documents (certificates, etc.) certifying the quality of materials (steels, steel ropes, hardware, electrodes, electrode wire and other welding materials) used during installation and included in the structure;
f) data on the results of geodetic measurements when checking alignment axes and installing structures;
g) work logs;
h) test reports for steel structures (clause 4.4);
i) an inventory of certificates (diplomas) of qualifications of welders who welded structures during installation, indicating the digital or alphabetic characters assigned to them; j) an inventory of certificates of qualification of the performers who installed high-strength bolts.
4.6. Permissible deviations in the position of mounted steel structures should not exceed the values specified in the rules for certain types of structures according to clause 1.13.
4.7. It is not permitted to carry out any subsequent construction and installation work until the delivery certificate for all assembled structures of the structure or part thereof, as well as the delivery of hidden work, is signed.
4.8. Defects in steel structures identified during the warranty period (under the contract) for the operation of the structure and occurring through the fault of the plant or installation organization must be eliminated by them. During the same period, the organization operating the structure must monitor the condition of steel structures, their operating conditions, compliance of actual loads with calculated ones, and foundation settlements.
^
SECTION II
ADDITIONAL RULES FOR MANUFACTURE, INSTALLATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF STEEL STRUCTURES FOR INDUSTRIAL AND CIVIL BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
1. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
1.1.* These additional rules apply to the manufacture, installation and acceptance of steel structures of single-story and multi-story industrial, energy and civil buildings (including window sashes), crane and concrete trestles, work platforms, bunkers, frames of industrial furnaces, supports for pipelines and vessels, ventilation towers and pipes, water towers, cooling tower exhaust towers, chimneys, including frames, and other similar structures.
1.2. These rules are an addition to Section I “General rules for the manufacture, installation and acceptance of steel structures”.
^ 2. MANUFACTURE OF STEEL STRUCTURES
2.1. When supporting columns using the methods specified in paragraphs. 3.17 "a" And 3.17 "b" Section I, the bases of the columns should be milled.
2.2. In structures that have common abutments to the walls of columns and beams (sub-rafter trusses, longitudinal beams of platforms, etc.), the possibility of separate installation and temporary fastening of each element must be provided.
2.3. On columns and on trusses, in the absence of special instructions in the CM drawings, mounting tables must be welded for temporary support during the installation of trusses and floor beams. Parts for temporary support during installation of brake trusses and platforms must also be welded on the columns.
2.4. The following structures should be generally assembled at the factory:
a) heavy columns weighing over 20 tons, crane beams with a span of over 18 m and rafter and sub-rafter trusses with a span of over 30 m;
b) towers (planes);
c) conical parts of pipes;
d) oversized bunkers.
2.5. Small structures - brake trusses and platforms, walking platforms, bridges, balconies and stairs - must be manufactured in the form of ready-made dimensional sending elements.
If possible and appropriate, crane beams should be manufactured together with brake trusses or platforms.
2.6. Welding of lattice structures - rafter and sub-rafter trusses with a span of up to 36 m, wind and tie trusses, brake trusses, lamps, as well as stairs, platforms, railings, small elements (stops, mounting parts, etc.) - is allowed to be carried out according to general technological instructions without specially developed technological documentation.
2.7.* Quality control of welds must be carried out:
a) daily verification of the correct execution of the established technological process or general technological instructions;
b) external inspection and checking the dimensions of 100% of welds;
c) spot check in accordance with pos. 2 table 3 at the rate of one drilling or one selective inspection by physical methods of a section 50 mm long for every 50 m of welded seam, as well as all questionable areas of the seam;
d) in welded joints for which the project provides for enhanced methods of quality control of welds - ultrasonic testing of 100% of butt welds followed by scanning of defective and questionable areas with X-ray or gamma rays, or selective checking by scanning of 2% of the length of seams made manually or semi-automatic welding, and 1% of seams made by automatic welding (submerged arc, gas shielded, electroslag, etc.).
^ 3. INSTALLATION OF STEEL STRUCTURES
3.1. Quality control of welded joints during enlarged assembly and installation must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of clause 2.7.
3.2. To ensure the stability of structures during installation, projects for installation work must be provided for, and the requirements of paragraphs must be observed during the execution of work. 3.30 , 3.31 , 3.35 And 3.36 section I.
3.3. When installing structures of one-story industrial buildings, it is necessary:
a) start the installation of a row of columns from the panel in which the longitudinal connections of the columns are located, and after installing the first pair of columns, secure them with design connections. If this order of column installation cannot be carried out for some reason, temporary connections should be established between the first pair of columns according to the work plan;
b) the columns installed on the foundations must be firmly secured with anchor bolts until they are released from the crane hook;
c) in columns up to 15 m high with narrow shoes, secured in the foundations with four or two anchor bolts, in addition to tightening the anchor bolts before unfastening them with ties, install braces in the plane of least stability;
d) in columns more than 15 m high and hingedly supported, install fastenings in accordance with the instructions of the work project;
e) install column connections and crane beams after the installation of the next column;
f) begin the installation of the floor from the bracing panel, installing and securing, after the first pair of trusses (lantern frames) in this panel, all horizontal and vertical connections, purlins, as well as large-panel reinforced concrete slabs;
g) installation of purlins, horizontal and vertical connections, metal flooring or large-panel precast reinforced concrete slabs should be carried out in each floor panel following the installation and alignment of each next truss or load-bearing beam.
3.4. Alignment of crane beams and tracks that require increased installation accuracy should be carried out after alignment and fastening of the main frame structures of the building or structure.
3.5. Installation of the structures of each subsequent floor (tier) of a multi-story building should be carried out only after all structures of the previous floor (tier) have been securely fastened.
^ 4. ACCEPTANCE OF WORK
4.1. Permissible deviations in the position of mounted steel structures from the design should not exceed the values specified in table. eleven.
Making changes to the design documentation that has passed the examination, may be required due to various reasons. At the same time, in some cases, repeated expert work on the project is mandatory. All questions and nuances of making changes to project documentation and conducting a secondary examination will be considered in this article.
Changes to design documentation and re-examination
Making adjustments to project documentation after receiving a positive summary from experts is a situation that occurs quite often. So, paragraph 7 of Art. 52 of the Town Planning Code directly requires that appropriate corrections be made to the project if, during the development process, inconsistencies in the parameters from the theoretical data of the design documentation are discovered. Otherwise, discrepancies in the design data and the parameters of the actually constructed facility will not allow the subsequent execution of documents for the building.
In accordance with paragraph 15 of Art. 48 of the same code, after making adjustments to the design documentation before its approval, the developer or customer must send the project for examination. However, clause 3 of Art. 49 contains some exceptions and states that expert work on project documents is not required if:
- the revised design documentation has already been examined and received a positive resolution based on the results;
- the amendments made to the project did not affect the structural and other characteristics of the reliability and safety of the facility;
- adjustments to the project did not lead to an increase in construction costs.
The same thing, only from a different angle, is stated in paragraph 44 of Government Decree No. 145 dated 03/05/2007. This provision of the Decree requires that modified design documentation that received a positive expert opinion earlier be sent for expert analysis a second time, if the amendments affected technical solutions , affecting the structural reliability and safety of the capital construction facility.
At the same time, in paragraph 44 of Resolution No. 145, the customer or developer has the choice of undergoing a re-examination of the revised project if the essence of the modification allows it not to undergo a re-examination. That is, in this case, the customer or developer can, at their own request, undergo an examination of the design documentation again.
When is a re-examination of design documentation required?
An expert analysis of project documentation is initially carried out in order to obtain permission to construct the facility and begin actual construction with the fulfillment of all legislative and bureaucratic requirements.
But there are situations when, after passing an expert study, a second examination is required.
Don't know your rights?
- First of all, this situation arises in the event of receiving a negative conclusion on the project. The goal with this option of conducting a repeated expert analysis of the project is obvious - obtaining a positive resolution for issuing a construction permit. Therefore, customers are interested in making all the necessary amendments to the design documentation as quickly as possible, which are indispensable for the approving conclusion of experts.
- The need for re-examination due to changes in design documentation in the form of:
- development of additional sections;
- adjustments or significant additions;
- significant changes in the project.
Thus, it is clear that in any case, the need to conduct another examination of the design documentation arises due to changes to it. Only in the first option are these changes forced, due to previous errors or inaccuracies that resulted in a negative expert opinion. In the second case, the amendments are voluntary, due to some external circumstances or adjustments to the project associated with the objective application of theoretical data in the practical construction of a specific facility.
List of changes affecting the safety of the capital construction facility
So, the most important question that needs to be resolved by a developer or customer who makes adjustments to design documentation that has passed a positive examination: do the changes made concern technical solutions that affect the structural reliability and safety of the facility? That is, in fact, to conclude that it is necessary to conduct another expert analysis of the project documentation.
Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia No. 624 dated December 30, 2009 approved the List of types of work affecting the safety of capital construction projects. The document is quite detailed and therefore voluminous. Types of work are divided into 3 sections:
- on engineering surveys;
- on the preparation of project documentation;
- for construction, reconstruction and overhaul.
In addition, a significant part of the types of work within their section are divided into subtypes. So, for example, preparatory work for construction, reconstruction and major repairs (clause 2, section 3 of the List) includes 4 subtypes:
- dismantling/dismantling of buildings, walls, ceilings, stairs, etc.;
- construction of temporary roads, sites, utility networks and structures;
- installation of rail crane tracks and foundations of stationary cranes;
- installation and dismantling of inventory external and internal scaffolding, technological waste chutes.
Such a detailed listing allows us to avoid any doubts about the involvement of the amendments made to the project in the adjustment of work that affects the safety of the capital construction facility, and therefore in the need for another examination of the project.
Procedure for re-examination
In accordance with paragraph 44 of Resolution No. 145, re-examination can be carried out an unlimited number of times (2 or more). At the same time, each subsequent examination is carried out in the order prescribed by law for conducting the initial state examination. Meanwhile, experts will evaluate:
- that part of the project documents to which amendments were made;
- compatibility of the modified part of the project with the rest of the design documentation, which was previously subject to expert analysis.
Thus, to conduct a re-examination, the customer must provide a package of documents according to the list specified in clause 13 of the Regulations approved by Resolution No. 145, including:
- Application for examination.
- Project documentation that has previously received a positive expert opinion.
- A copy of the positive conclusion.
- The task of making adjustments to the design documentation.
- Certificate of amendments made to the draft.
It must be borne in mind that the entire project can be considered for re-examination if, since the initial or previous re-examination, amendments have been made to the legislation affecting the results of the state examination.
Making changes in the event of a negative examination of project documentation
If the project documentation received a negative conclusion based on the results of the experts’ work, then in paragraph 10 of Art. 49 of the Town Planning Code offers 2 solutions:
- Contact the Ministry of Regional Development or the court and try to challenge the results of the expert opinion.
- Pass a re-examination after eliminating all the specified shortcomings.
In practice, since experts rarely make mistakes, and court proceedings are expensive and lengthy, it is easier and more effective to amend the draft based on comments and undergo the examination again. Moreover, the Regulations on the conduct of the examination, approved by Resolution No. 145, contain a rule allowing not to return to the applicant documents submitted for examination in paper form, if the comments that caused the negative conclusion are eliminated, possibly without returning the documentation. In this case, the applicant is given a certain period to eliminate the deficiencies, after which he must provide the expert organization with that part of the project documentation that has undergone changes and a certificate describing the amendments made.
Thus, the corrected design documentation requires a re-examination, both mandatory and at the request of the developer. At the same time, it is very important not to miss the moment, to correctly evaluate the changes made to the design documents and conduct a re-examination if required by law, otherwise later there may be great difficulties with documenting the constructed facility.
Quote plemyash_062 07/09/2014 4:02:23
please provide a link to justify it.--End quote-------
Case 1.
If the need for adjustments arose before the start of work
When adjusting design documentation, one should be guided by the norm of the Law “On Architectural Activities in the Russian Federation” (Article 20).
Article 20. Changes to the architectural design
1. Changes to the architectural project when developing documentation for construction or during the construction of an architectural object are made exclusively with the consent of the author of the architectural project, and in case of deviation from the requirements of the architectural planning task, also in agreement with the relevant body of architecture and urban planning.
That is, the existing practice of involving other designers to adjust a project developed by one team of authors without agreement with the architect-author of the architectural project seems unlawful.
Besides,
SNiP 11-01-95 "INSTRUCTIONS ON THE PROCEDURE FOR DEVELOPMENT, APPROVAL, APPROVAL AND COMPOSITION OF DESIGN DOCUMENTATION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF ENTERPRISES, BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES"
2.11. Customers of design documentation and designers are obliged to promptly make changes to the working documentation related to the introduction of new regulatory documents.
Those. clause 2.11 contains a mandatory provision for making changes to the working documentation related to the introduction of new regulatory documents.
In addition, there is also such a document - “Organization of state examination of design documentation in the Moscow region”
"In the event that construction under the project has not been carried out for 2-3 years, the Customer must, before submitting the documentation for examination, ensure that this documentation complies with the current legislation, regulatory documents for design, as well as extended specifications issued by local supervisory authorities and interested bodies of the local administration (with the involvement of the design organization)."
Therefore, the requirement for designers to adjust already completed design and estimate documentation is legitimate only in the event of changes in regulatory documents.
In this case, the design documentation must be brought in accordance with the new requirements by the customer before construction begins. To do this, the customer enters into a contract or additional agreement with the design organization to carry out work to correct the design documentation.
But, since adjusting the design and estimate documentation requires a new designation, the adjusted documentation is essentially a new type of documentation, executed by a different author and requiring a new approval.
Case 2.
If work has already begun
Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Article 744. Amendments to technical documentation
1. The customer has the right to make changes to the technical documentation, provided that the additional work caused by this does not exceed ten percent of the total cost of construction indicated in the estimate and does not change the nature of the work provided for in the construction contract.
2. Changes to the technical documentation greater than those specified in paragraph 1 of this article are made on the basis of an additional estimate agreed upon by the parties.
At the same time, the need for coordination between the customer and the designer of changes made to the technical documentation carried out in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation has not been determined.
In cases where changes in standards occurred after the start of work, and making the necessary changes to the project entails significant and inadequate costs for the customer during their implementation, it is recommended to follow clause 3.5 of SNiP 11-01-95, having received permission to use the expired standard from the body that approved the new norm.
3.5. Justified deviations from the requirements of regulatory documents are allowed only with permission from the authorities that approved and (or) put these documents into effect.
Therefore, the requirement for designers to adjust already completed design and estimate documentation for objects whose construction has begun, is underway, or resumes after suspension or mothballing is legal only in the event of changes in regulatory documents and the absence of approval for the execution of work on an already completed project .
During the construction process, deviations from the decisions made sometimes arise not only at the initiative of the customer or designer. The technical side of making changes to the working documentation is reflected in GOST 21.1101-97.
In this case, it is necessary to distinguish between making changes to working and design documentation.
Extracts from GOST R 21.1101-97
7.1 Amendments to working documentation
7.1.1 General
7.1.1.1 A change to a working document previously transferred to the customer is any correction, exclusion or addition of any data to it without changing the designation of this document.
The document designation may be changed only if different documents are mistakenly assigned the same designations or an error is made in the document designation.
Changes to calculations are not permitted.
7.1.1.2 If changing the document is unacceptable, then a new document with a new designation must be issued.
7.1.1.3 Any change in a document that causes any changes in other documents must be simultaneously accompanied by corresponding changes in all related documents.
7.1.1.4 Information about changes to a document is indicated in the title block of this document, in the general data on working drawings and on the title page (if any).
7.1.1.5 Changes are made to the original document.
7.1.1.6 When changes are made to the original electronic document, any change is indexed as a new version of this document.
7.1.1.7 Copies of sheets (modified, additional and issued instead of replaced sheets) of working documentation are sent to organizations to which copies of documents were previously sent, along with copies of general data of the corresponding main set of working drawings, specified in accordance with 7.1.3.
7.1.2 Permission to make changes
7.1.2.1 Changes to a document (including its cancellation) are carried out on the basis of a permission to make changes (hereinafter referred to as the permission), drawn up in accordance with Forms 9 and 9a of Appendix L.
7.1.2.2 The permit is approved by the head of the organization that developed the document or another authorized official.
Permission is the basis for obtaining original documents and making changes to them.
It is allowed to send a copy of the permit to the customer along with copies of the amended documentation.
7.1.2.3 Changes to each document (for example, the main set of working drawings, specifications of equipment, products and materials) are issued with a separate permit.
It is allowed to draw up one general permission for changes made simultaneously to several documents, if the changes are interrelated or the same for all documents being changed.
7.2 Amendments to design documentation
7.2.1 Changes to the design documentation previously transferred to the customer, as a rule, are made in an automated way and are carried out:
- replacing, adding or excluding individual sheets of a volume;
- replacement (re-release) of a volume (part, book) - when it is completely revised;
- release of additional parts or books.
7.2.2 Changes to design documentation are made, as a rule, on the basis of permission to make changes (see 7.1.2). The grounds for making changes may be comments from the customer and approving executive authorities, comments and negative conclusions from non-state and state examination bodies.
7.2.3 When making changes to the design documentation, the provisions of 7.1.1.1-7.1.1.6 and 7.1.3 should be taken into account (taking into account the peculiarities of completing the design documentation).
7.2.4 When completely revising an entire volume, at the beginning of the text part included in the amended volume, it is recommended to provide information about the changes made: the basis for the changes, a brief description of the changes made.
7.2.5 If changes are made to the design documentation on the basis of a negative conclusion of the state examination, then in the “Explanatory Note” section, as an appendix, include a certificate in the form established by the state examination body, describing the changes made to the design documentation. The certificate must be signed by the chief engineer of the project.
7.2.6 Registration of changes to the volume as a whole is carried out in the table of registration of changes in Form 10 of Appendix M, which is placed on its title page and cover.
It is recommended to register changes in the text part of the design documentation in the table for registering changes in Form 11 of Appendix M, which is placed on the last sheet of the text part when making the first and subsequent changes.
Information about replacing sheets of graphic documents is given in the “Note” column of the contents of the volume, performed in accordance with 8.6.
Information about changes to volumes, as well as the release of additional parts of volumes and books, is entered into the list “Composition of project documentation”, carried out in accordance with 8.8.
When making changes, the requirements of 8.5 must be met.
7.2.7 Changes to the approved design documentation related to changes in the parameters of the construction project and the need to re-approve the design documentation are made by decision of the customer on the basis of a new design task or addition to a previously approved design task.
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PeeCee
Sorry for the links to the old SNiP and GOST, it’s just a bummer to fix it, but in the new ones everything is the same. If you want, check it out.
A project that involves capital construction or reconstruction of buildings and structures during its implementation must be properly documented. At the same time, the question often arises of what design and working documentation are, and how they differ from each other. Some experts argue that these concepts are one and the same. Let's try to figure out further whether this is so.
What are the functions of design and working documentation in accordance with the regulatory framework
A project can be called a set of materials and documents prepared as a result of design. In turn, design is a certain sequence of actions, a process as a result of which an image or prototype of the required object is created. Accordingly, for this purpose special calculations (of an economic and technical nature) are made, estimates, calculations, explanatory notes, drawings, and diagrams are developed.
Projects can be individual or standard. Often, during the preparation of a separate project for individual use, the author uses standard solutions used in various buildings. Based on the specifics of the tasks set by the customer, all developed design solutions can be divided into the following types:
- New construction;
- modernization, reconstruction, technical re-equipment, expansion of already constructed facilities;
- major repairs, restoration, strengthening of buildings.
Before the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 No. 87 came into force, the law provided for a certain staged approach to the development of the project. First, a “feasibility study” (TES) was prepared, then a “project” and only after that a “detailed design”. Now other concepts are used: “working documentation” and “design documentation”.
At specialized forums there are often lively discussions on the issue: working documentation and project documentation, the difference between them. There are a wide variety of opinions, but in order to understand the essence, it is worth turning to the legal norms.
Based on Article 48 of the Town Planning Code of Russia, under project documentation refers to a specific set of documents containing a number of materials in the form of text, diagrams and maps. Such materials indicate the defining structural, architectural, engineering and technological solutions, using which it is planned to carry out reconstruction or construction of structures or parts thereof. The same applies to major repairs of buildings when we are talking about work that affects structural elements and the safety and reliability characteristics of the facility can be changed.
Design documents regarding certain types of work that may affect the safety of the structure can only be carried out by legal entities or individual entrepreneurs who have the appropriate permit, confirmed by a certificate. The list of works that have an impact on the safety of capital facilities is listed in the regulatory document - order of the Ministry of Regional Development dated December 12, 2009 No. 624. In general, any individual or legal entity can prepare project documentation, most often on a contractual basis. In this case, the contractor is responsible for compliance with its technical regulations.
The design documentation includes 13 approved sections:
- explanatory note;
- layout of the allocated plot of land;
- architectural solutions;
- space-planning and structural solutions;
- data on utility networks (water and electricity supply, drainage, air conditioning and ventilation, heating and heating networks, gas supply, communications);
- organization of construction (project);
- dismantling of capital facilities (project);
- environmental protection measures;
- fire safety measures;
- accessibility for disabled people;
- energy efficiency and availability of energy metering devices;
- estimate materials;
- other required materials.
Based on the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 87, this is a package of documents developed to make it possible to implement technical, architectural or technological solutions directly during the construction process. Its content and composition are determined by the developer, based on the level of detail of the components of the design documentation, and are indicated in the design specification.
The legislator did not indicate a clear sequence in the preparation of these two packages of documents. Therefore, you can draw them up at the same time, or prepare working documentation after agreeing on the design documentation. If all the papers are developed simultaneously, then both packages can be submitted for state examination, by agreement between the expert organization and the customer.
According to the recommendations of the Ministry of Regional Development, the base price of design, which is calculated using a directory containing base prices for work, can be broken down as follows:
- project documentation – about 40%;
- working – up to 60%.
At the same time, this ratio is not rigidly fixed and can change in any direction depending on the completeness of the development of papers and the specifics of the object being built. The main thing is the agreement between the designer and the customer.
What are the differences between document packages?
If we explain the differences between sets of documents in simple words, without complex terminology, we can come to the following conclusions:
- The basis of any investment project is precisely project documentation, which may include graphic and text parts. It indicates the most important technical solutions that prove both the technical feasibility and economic feasibility of implementing a specific investment project. It is this package of documents that the developer submits for state examination and is approved after its positive conclusion. The only exception is the construction of individual residential buildings. It should be noted that it is impossible to build a structure solely based on design documents, since they are relatively general in nature and do not contain all the necessary details and specifications.
- In order for a construction organization to perform its work efficiently, it will need a more detailed description of the task: what exactly, how and from what materials to build. This data is contained in working documentation, which details all the designers’ decisions and consists of a text description of the work and numerous diagrams, drawings, graphs, specifications of all components and finished products. The volume of information must be sufficient to carry out construction and installation work, provide the construction site with the required amount of raw materials, equipment, materials and finished products, workers and engineering personnel.
The question naturally arises: if all these actions constitute the project stage, then why was it divided into two parts. The answer may be that in this way the legislator wanted to speed up the starting phase of the investment cycle. To obtain permission to carry out construction work, high-quality design documentation is sufficient, which can be expertly studied without going into unnecessary details. After the state examination has been carried out and all comments have been corrected, working issues can be worked out.
During construction control activities, the compliance of the work performed with the requirements of both the design and the working documentation prepared on its basis is checked. In addition, compliance with the urban planning plan, engineering surveys and technical regulations is studied. The developer and the contractor are equally responsible for compliance with legal norms, design and working documents during the capital construction process.
Since a clear sequence for the production of these two packages of documents has not been determined, the following types of design stages can be distinguished:
- Single stage. Both packages are being developed in parallel, this is what used to be called a “working draft”, i.e. approved part with working applications.
- Two-stage. Packets are prepared sequentially. Approximately corresponds to the previously existing concepts of “feasibility study” and “detailed documentation”.
- Three-stage. Relevant only for objects of III (individual projects), IV and V categories of complexity. In addition to the above phases, it also includes a pre-design proposal (FEED).
There is only one requirement - the development of working documentation cannot precede the design documentation.
Discussion of the issue among specialists
By studying specialized forums on the Internet, you can pay attention to how different specialists understand and relate to the project stage differently. The division into two parts and the requirements for these parts are not adequately perceived by everyone.
Here, for example, is one of the comments in the discussion of the topic: “Of course, I know about Resolution 87. But in order not to complicate life, it is better to fully prepare the working documentation and stamp it as PD. And after the examination, simply change the stamps from PD to RD ".
This approach will create difficulties for experts, since the submitted papers will contain too many details that will only complicate and slow down the examination process, as well as distract specialists from really important things that can affect the safety of the facility being constructed. For example, it is important for an electricity expert to know the correspondence between consumed and incoming power, the presence of redundancy and protection systems, the parameters of panels and power cables. And information about where the sockets will be installed and what circuits will be connected to them is completely unnecessary at this stage.
Some developers believe that the project is being prepared solely for examination, and convince planners of this. In fact, all these papers are needed primarily by the customer himself, who can subsequently do with them as he pleases. And if a “paper for experts” is made, then this may subsequently cost the developer serious money to refine it for practical use. The schematic diagram of the building and its descriptive part must be carefully worked out, and, based on the schematic diagram, specific details can be worked out.
So, in the design part you can indicate “fencing according to GOST standards” and schematically indicate its location, and in the working part you can decipher in detail what material it will be built from, using what fastenings, and what components it will have. In the same way, having shown the layout of the partitions schematically in the project, their features are described in the working part: the presence and quantity of reinforcement used, the specification of the material used, the location of door or window openings.
However, if, in the process of detailing the working documents, noticeable disagreements arise with the already approved design documentation, then reasonable changes should be made to it and the examination of the modified part should be undertaken again. However, this issue is very painful for many design participants, because it is not easy to understand when changes reach a level that requires re-examination. This is left to the customer for consideration, but he will also bear the full measure of responsibility (criminal or administrative) if a violation is detected by state construction supervision or if the wrong decision results in serious consequences that threaten the health and lives of people.
As a rule, attention is paid not to changes in engineering systems, but in the capital object itself, especially in load-bearing structures.
If, instead of general design ones, the experts were given detailed working diagrams, replacing the stamp “P” with “P”, then subsequently any alteration in the drawings or explanations will entail a repeat examination and greatly slow down the entire process. Ideally, the most basic and fundamental indicators noted in the expert opinion, as well as documents of the “P” and “R” levels should converge. It is also stipulated that contingencies (unaccounted costs) should not be more than 2% of the official estimated cost of the structure. True, this does not apply to construction carried out at public expense.
Therefore, it is important to treat both phases of design work with full responsibility, so as not to waste precious time and money on improvements and clarifications.