The name of the serf actress. Russian Pearl
When a person comes to a cellular communication store, he wants to purchase a quality product or service, but this does not always work out and he has to file a claim against MTS. Today, in everyone, even in the most small town There are MTS showrooms. Every day the company gets more and more clients, and this leads to the fact that the service is deteriorating. There are more and more dissatisfied customers among regular service consumers, so in order for the company to correct its mistakes, customers need to correctly write a complaint against MTS.
Reasons for writing a complaint against MTS
Law of the Russian Federation No. 26 of July 7, 2007 “On Communications” lists the rights of customers to cellular communications good quality, to receive a full description of services and the amount of the subscription fee. In addition, the law prescribes the procedure for compensation payments to clients in connection with failure to fulfill obligations that exist between the parties to the contract.
Reasons for filing a claim:- Inadequate quality of cellular communication.
- Poor connection or complete lack of Internet.
- Illegal write-off Money from the client's account.
- Receiving paid SMS newsletters.
- Bad job MTS employees, as well as call centers.
- The company's reluctance to terminate a previously concluded contract.
- Violation of customer rights.
Any reasons that make it difficult to use communications give the company’s client a reason to complain about MTS.
How to write a complaint to MTS
How to write a complaint to MTS correctly so that the mobile phone store does not have a reason to reject it? Everyone knows that any organization or company does not like to receive angry complaints from customers. They can use any excuse not to consider and reject the claim. Therefore, it is necessary to draw up and execute the document correctly in order to avoid such a fate.
The application for MTS is written by hand, but you can also fill out a special form. It can be found at official portal cellular company or by visiting the nearest office.
For correct design To file a complaint with the MTS company, it is better to have a sample complaint in front of you.
The document header is written in the upper right corner:- Full name of the salon manager;
- to whom the complaint is addressed;
- Full name of the complainant;
- residential address;
- contact number.
- quality of cellular communication;
- Bad Internet;
- SMS mailings;
- illegal withdrawal of funds.
Then the poor quality service provided by cellular communications is described in detail.
Then it is necessary to spell out the laws that were violated. It is also necessary to mention the Law “On Protection of Consumer Rights”.
Claims must contain the thesis that the seller must comply with the laws of the Russian Federation, therefore (the consequences are stated below). The consumer may demand a refund of the full cost of the goods, as well as services. And prescribe compensation for moral damage.
Claims from an anonymous source, written in illegible handwriting, containing profane words and containing threats will not be accepted for consideration.
Electronic form of claim
A complaint against MTS for poor service is also submitted to in electronic format.
- The size of the electronic complaint must be within 2 thousand characters. Therefore, you will need to briefly describe the problem that has arisen, focus on the laws violated, and outline the ways to solve the problem that the complainant sees.
- Write down without errors the address of the mobile phone store and the name of the employee with whom the conflict occurred.
- Evidence is attached to the electronic complaint - these are files of any format, but not archived, up to 5 MB in size.
- The complaint is written without using Latin letters and in non-capital letters.
- Correctly enter your residential address, email and phone number.
Whatever type of claim you make, you must attach copies of documents to it, for example, a sales receipt for a purchased phone, a copy of the Agreement (3 pages), a copy of your passport (2 pages), a service coupon.
Terms of consideration
For MTS, a written complaint must be made in two copies. A claim received by a mobile phone store must be registered by the operator no later than 24 hours.
From the moment the application is registered, within 30 days, the operator must understand the problem described in the document and provide a response to the initiator of the complaint.
The operator sends the response by mail or writes a letter to an e-mail box, which is certified with a digital signature.
How to deal with SMS mailings
Today, spam or SMS mailings are massively attacking phones and computers. They can be very intrusive and irritate MTS customers. In addition, by receiving and opening them, it is possible to connect unwanted paid subscriptions. At the same time, a person notices this only when money begins to be debited from the account every day.
Fighting spam:- never leave personal data on unverified sites;
- activate the Antispam service, which can be activated at the MTS office, on the company’s website or using the number 6333;
- if you already have a paid subscription on your phone or computer, you can call technical support, where they will tell you the combination of numbers to delete the SMS campaign;
- contact the Antimonopoly Service, after this request there will be no more spam.
Where to complain about a company
There are many ways to file a complaint against MTS:
- Leave a complaint at the office or mobile phone store.
- There is a feedback window on the company portal https://www.mts.ru/ where you can leave a complaint.
- Call the numbers:
- 0890 – support service;
- 8 800 250 0890 – number for mobile calls from other operators, as well as from landline phones;
- +7 495 7660166 – for calls from international roaming.
- The claim is sent by letter: 109147, Moscow, st. Marxist, 4, as well as at the address specified in the contract.
- In addition to all of the above, you must leave an entry in the book of complaints and suggestions. This method is especially effective when employees treat salon clients rudely.
- A statement with negative content is sent to the OZPP (Organization for the Protection of Consumer Rights).
- Roskomnadzor will also accept the claim.
- Rospotrebnadzor is also a regulatory organization.
- The final authorities for accepting claims are the prosecutor's office and the court.
There are many places where a dissatisfied cellular customer can send complaints about MTS. The choice is his only.
Technical support
Everyone has it mobile operator We have our own technical support. But this is far from being an efficient structure. In it, when a client contacts, there is more consultation rather than a solution to a specific problem. Polite operators who will communicate with you on the line. They will tell you everything about tariffs and payment. You can talk to them for a long time, but specific problem eg poor internet connection will not be resolved. However, this call will be necessary when contacting the next authority. To prove the existence of a call to technical support, you need to make a printout of call details.
MTS website
Contacting the company portal will be more effective than calling the support service. Here you need to type the website www.mts.ru and find the required section. In order for the submitted appeal to go to the recipient, you need to find “ feedback" Then fill in the required fields and send it to an employee of the cellular company.
After some time, a message will be sent to the specified email with a response to your request. It should contain a description of the company's actions to solve the problem.
MTS mailbox
The consumer has the right to contact the company’s general mailbox – [email protected]. This box allows the initiator of the request to immediately contact MTS employees bypassing the website. But this option does not provide a 100% guarantee that this application will be considered.
It comes to MTS e-mail great amount requests that the company’s operators simply do not have time to deal with.
Application addressed to the General Director of MTS
Older people do not trust electronic statements. For them, it is more common to hand it to the addressee on a piece of paper and at a personal meeting. We write a complaint according to the standard in order to exclude recusal in the acceptance and consideration of the document.
Rospotrebnadzor
If contacting the cellular company did not yield positive results, then it’s time to file a complaint with Rospotrebnadzor.
Here, when drawing up a document, you need to pay attention to the presence of grammatical errors, various inaccuracies and corrections, and, of course, obscene expressions and rude words. If at least one of the listed points is in the drawn up claim, then Rospotrebnadzor will not accept it. This means that the client will not be able to return the money illegally debited from the account.
There is no official form for this case, but there are certain requirements that must be followed.
The document states:
- address regional office Rospotrebnadzor;
- personal data of the applicant and his contacts;
- description of the problem, the essence of the conflict situation;
- what exit routes the applicant offers;
- date, signature.
When filing a complaint, a person must have evidence of his words. This could be: printouts and details of calls made, copies of contracts or checks, and much more.
The complaint is drawn up in two copies. One is given to the authority, and the other remains with the consumer.
There are several ways to submit a complaint to the inspectorate:- deliver in person;
- by registered mail;
- electronically via the website.
The initiator of the claim will receive a response from Rospotrebnadzor after 10–14 days. Sometimes the proceedings drag on for a month. There is no need to pay a state fee when filing a complaint with Rospotrebnadzor.
Contacting the OPP
If Rospotrebnadzor did not help the client in returning the money, then it’s time to contact the Society for the Protection of Consumer Rights. It is immediately necessary to warn that conflict resolution is a paid procedure. So if the monetary amount of contention is small, then there is no point in this appeal.
OZPP is more effective than Rospotrebnadzor. Resolves problems that arise conflict situations, returning illegally written off funds. This organization has its own portal where you can fill out an application. The process for filing a claim and the time frame for its consideration are similar to.
Application to court
The last authority to which you can file a complaint about improper performance of duties and the return of money by MTS is the court. To do this, you need to draw up a statement of claim. A sample application will be issued in court. But you need to know that this process will be long and expensive. Although themis almost always sides with the consumer.
Often, users of MTS services are dissatisfied with the work of this cellular operator. The main way to solve a problem is to call the support service, but a verbal complaint has little effectiveness.
In order to achieve justice and restore violated rights, it is recommended to submit a written claim to MTS.
When is a claim filed with MTS for a refund?
The majority of the population uses cellular communications Russian Federation. MTS is one of the operators providing Internet access, telephone communications, cable, digital and other television services.
Users of MTS services may be dissatisfied the following points:
- sending spam;
- unjustified write-off of money from the balance sheet;
- connecting a paid service without the client’s knowledge;
- rude behavior of company employees and call center operators;
- provision of the paid service not in full;
- etc.
Most of these problems can be resolved by calling the hotline or by contacting a consultant on the company’s official website. If we are talking about the return of money wrongfully written off or compensation for damages for the provision of a service not in full, the citizen must file a written claim.
Methods for filing a claim with MTS
If you want to leave a verbal complaint, you just need to call the support service at 8-800-250-08-90 (for international roaming, a different phone number is used - 8-495-766-01-66). MTS users can use a short number to contact a call center operator - 0890.
A written complaint can be submitted in the following ways:
- by filling out an electronic request form on the MTS website (https://anketa.ssl.mts.ru/ind/feedback_mob/);
- by preparing a written version of the appeal and submitting it to the nearest office of the company in person, through a representative or by post.
The claim does not have a strictly established form, therefore it is drawn up in free form. Although a citizen dissatisfied with the quality of MTS service can contact the company with a verbal complaint, a written version is most effective. It does not matter whether the document is drawn up by hand or on a computer.
Filling out an electronic claim form
The electronic application form allows citizens to report fraudulent activities, ask a question to a company representative, or leave a complaint about the quality of service.
When submitting an electronic request (https://anketa.ssl.mts.ru/ind/feedback_mob/), you will need to select the topic of the appeal and the type of service for which you are filing a claim, after which you must indicate the data listed below:
- Full name of the applicant;
- passport series and number;
- address Email, through which company specialists will be able to contact the applicant;
- contact phone number;
- the type of service with which the client is dissatisfied;
- the essence of the appeal;
- way to get a specialist answer.
If you have documentary evidence of a violation of your rights and interests, these papers must be attached to the specified claim. The response to the request can be sent by SMS message or via the specified e-mail, and also voiced over the phone.
How to write a complaint to MTS?
Most often, funds are debited from the subscriber's account due to the presence of paid services and subscriptions, which the client himself may not even be aware of. To find out what services you have connected to, you need to log in to your personal account on the company’s website or contact an MTS consultant.
To return money written off for services that you did not know existed, you need to submit a corresponding claim to one of the MTS communication stores. When applying, it is important to have two copies of the document with you, one of which remains with the company employee, and the second is given to the applicant with a note about the date the request was received.
A typical claim for a refund to MTS, which you can view on the website, should contain the following information:
- name and address of the company office;
- Full name and contact information of the subscriber;
- the essence of the appeal (reasons for filing a claim, explanation of the problem and accompanying circumstances);
- confirmation of the applicant’s position by indicating references to legal norms and provisions of the contract for the provision of services;
- client requirements;
- date of filing the claim;
- the period during which a citizen expects to receive a response and satisfaction of the put forward requirements;
- a list of documents confirming the fact of violation of the applicant’s rights;
- client's signature.
When filling out this form, you also need to indicate the client’s full name, number of the agreement concluded with MTS, contact information (for example, number mobile phone or e-mail), the method of receiving a response from a specialist, the essence of the problem, the date of registration of the request and the signature of the subscriber.
These people could be united, explaining their commonality by their enormous talent and irresistible desire to create. However, this is not what binds them at all - the fact is that they were all born into serf families. You didn't know? Meet the seven great Russian serfs!
1. Andrey Voronikhin
Andrey Nikiforovich VoronikhinYes Yes. The Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg was built by a serf. Not even that - a hereditary serf.
All members of the Voronikhin family were serfs of Count Alexander Stroganov, president of the capital's Academy of Arts. If the count had been a timber merchant or an idle provincial gentleman, it is unlikely that the world would have known genius architect Andrey Voronikhin.
![](https://i1.wp.com/moiarussia.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Kazanskij-Sobor.jpg)
But fate turned out this way and not otherwise. A reverent attitude towards art reigned at the Stroganov estate. Serfs were also introduced to the fine sciences. A capable boy, who ended up in one of the icon-painting workshops, showed extraordinary diligence, and the count sent the apprentice to Moscow to study with the famous architects V.I. Bazhenov and M.F. Kazakov. Returning to St. Petersburg, the 26-year-old young man received his freedom and, together with the count’s son, went to study abroad.
For several years, Voronikhin mastered painting and architecture in Switzerland, Germany, and France. Days and nights in libraries. Great art of the Renaissance! Everything was going just fine. But then the French Revolution of 1789 happened! Curator of Voronikhin and Stroganov Jr., Romm became one of the ideologists of the revolution and entered the Convention. The count had to urgently recall the young men to Russia. And just in time - the beloved mentor soon lost his head... on the guillotine.
In Russia, Voronikhin’s talent was helped to unfold by a regrettable event - a fire in Stroganov’s mansion. The count instructed his young protégé to rebuild the building, erected according to the design of the great Rastrelli. Voronikhin was just over 30 years old. The architect had no experience, but he had talent, hard work and honesty. These qualities were quite enough - Voronikhin began to be involved in the construction of mansions and park ensembles.
In 1799, by decree of Paul I, a competition was announced for the design of a new temple “in the Roman style” on Nevsky Prospekt. Star architects took part in the competition: Cameron, Thomas de Thomon, Gonzago. But Voronikhin’s project, similar to St. Peter’s Cathedral, won.
Step by step, without ceasing to learn and improve, the serf boy became a professor of architecture at the Academy of Arts and the author of one of the most significant architectural structures Europe.
2. Pyotr Eliseevich Kasatkin, his descendants and the Eliseevs’ store
![](https://i2.wp.com/moiarussia.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Eliseevskij-magazin-e1501690962756.jpg)
Eliseevsky Store, synonymous with paradise throughout its history, is named so not in honor of one person, but in honor of a dynasty. After the revolution, there were no Eliseevs left in the family, but the store remained Eliseevsky.
Meanwhile, all this food luxury began small - with a saucer of strawberries. Serf gardener Pyotr Eliseevich Kasatkin managed to grow in a greenhouse in the midst of a harsh winter summer berry and bring it to Count Sheremetyev’s Christmas table. Miracle? Without a doubt! Another miracle was freestyle and 100 rubles - a lot of money.
Arriving in St. Petersburg, Kasatkin invested every single penny in the business - he bought a wonderful product - oranges. With a tray on his head, Pyotr Eliseevich went out onto Nevsky and began to invite the noble public:
“Who wouldn’t spare a penny to please a lady with an orange?”
By evening the oranges were sold out. The profit was 1 ruble. The Eliseevs' business has gone well! A year later, Peter was able to ransom three children and a brother. Soon the “Association of the Eliseev Brothers” - the sons of Elisha - was opened.
![](https://i2.wp.com/moiarussia.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Magazin-Eliseevyh-e1501691434711.jpg)
Smart business quickly gave results. The brothers hired merchant sailing ships to deliver exotic fruits to St. Petersburg. From warm countries - mainly Spain and Portugal - traders brought sherry, Madeira and Malvasia to the city. The wines made a splash! The Eliseevs' store became famous, and the merchants themselves and their grown-up children received merchant rank.
At the end of the 19th century, after the death of Peter Eliseev, his brother Grigory Eliseev, a former serf, was an active state councilor and a member of the Duma.
The store, owned by the same family for many years, got better every day. The sellers here were paid well, but they were also asked strictly. Regardless of whether the client came in poor or rich, he was treated to the highest class in the Eliseevsky store.
House of the Eliseev Brothers trading partnership
House of the Eliseev Brothers trading partnership
Alas, in 1917 the gastronomic empire came to an end. In place of the Eliseevsky store, Gastronome No. 1 warmly opened the doors to the empty shelves. For almost a century, citizens forgot why the store was called Eliseevsky, although they did not stop calling it that.
And in the most hungry times, there was still a joke: “The merchant Eliseev returns to Leningrad from the other world - to look at his store: “Everything seemed to be in place, only, I remember, at the entrance there were barrels of red and black caviar, who are they for?” interrupted?"
Today the Eliseevsky store is a landmark of Nevsky Prospekt. Tourists do not leave the temple of trade without an edible souvenir. But few people know that the founder of the empire - serf gardener .
3. Taras Shevchenko
![](https://i2.wp.com/moiarussia.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Molodoj-Taras-SHevchenko-v-masterskoj-K.P.-Bryullova-.-1947.-e1501762424933.jpg)
The university, metro station, theater and embankment are named after this serf. It's hard to believe, but the poet, artist and national hero - Taras Shevchenko really came from serfs. The landowner Engelhardt, who owned the family, noticed the young man’s artistic talent and sent him to study in St. Petersburg. Fortunately, the serf boy’s talent also impressed quite influential cultural figures of that time - Venetsianov, Bryullov and Zhukovsky. Patrons tried to persuade Engelhardt to let Shevchenko go, but the landowner did not agree to sign a manumission document for his serf artist. Bryullov described the owner of the young serf this way: “this is the largest pig in Torzhkov’s shoes.”
In the end, Karl Bryullov painted a portrait of Zhukovsky and played it in the lottery. Taras Shevchenko's freedom was bought with the proceeds of 2,500 rubles.
![](https://i2.wp.com/moiarussia.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Portret-poeta-V.A.ZHukovskogo.-1837-e1501749986459.jpg)
Freedom has done its job. In 1840, the first collection of Shevchenko’s poems “Kobzar” was published in St. Petersburg, and after that the poem “Haydamaky” was published. Shevchenko wrote paintings and poetry equally well. However, not everyone liked his ideology. “Outrageous content”, “imaginary troubles of the hetman’s rule”, “impudent slander”, “harmful and dangerous poems” - no matter how the zealots swayed the poet’s work.
He got the most credit for his poem “Dream,” which showed undisguised satire of the empress. 33-year-old Shevchenko instantly fell under recruitment and was sent to the outskirts of the empire. Only after the death of Nicholas I, the disgraced poet was granted an amnesty. Today, the former serf is considered one of the most significant figures in Russian literary history.
4. Semyon Badaev
![](https://i2.wp.com/moiarussia.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Votkinskij-zavod-Bodaevskaya-stal.jpg)
Are you unfamiliar with this name? Quite possible. The personality of Semyon Badaev is known to a narrow circle of specialists, and only his technological exploits have reached us. It's about about the legendary Badaev steel, in the 19th century the best in the world for its combination of toughness and strength.
At the beginning of the century before last, steel mills annually produced up to two thousand pounds of Badaev steel. Thanks to this strongest alloy, Russia got rid of imported steel dependence for a long time. Machine tools, agricultural machines, weapons and tools, medical instruments - all this began to be produced from the Badaev alloy from the mid-19th century.
Semyon Badaev is an example of a unique talent, an absolute self-taught person, whom the government bought from serfdom from the landowner Rogozin. 3,000 rubles were paid for the freedom of the brilliant metallurgist, a huge sum at that time. But the empire's freedom from importing steel was much more expensive!
For outstanding achievements, the former serf was awarded a gold medal on the Vladimir ribbon and was awarded the rank of officer. However, the regalia did not stop the Russian genius - for the rest of his life he worked at the Kama-Votkinsk plant, where he searched for an even more perfect steel formula. By the way, it was at this plant, 10 years after the death of the inventor, that one of the Russian metallurgical miracles was manufactured - the spire of the bell tower of the Peter and Paul Cathedral in the Peter and Paul Fortress.
![](https://i1.wp.com/moiarussia.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/SHpil-kolokolni-Sobora-Petra-i-Pavla-v-Petropavlovskoj-kreposti..jpg)
5. Mikhail Shchepkin
You were not mistaken - the Shchepkinsky School was named after a serf. Former serf. The founder of Russian realistic theater, the predecessor of the Stanislavsky system.
Count Gavrila Wolkenstein, who owned little Misha's family, was partial to all kinds of activities, so he organized a home theater for fun. In one of the productions, the comedy “Nonsense,” played entirely by schoolchildren, Misha Shchepkin distinguished himself so much that, together with the “troupe,” he was invited by the mayor to entertain the public at his daughter’s wedding. This was in 1800.
![](https://i1.wp.com/moiarussia.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Mihail-SHHepkin.jpg)
However, almost random experience was not enough for talent to develop into full force. What helped Shchepkin open up was... drunkenness. The fact is that Mikhail dreamed of the stage and spent all his free time in the Kursk theater of the Barsov brothers - he did everything he could - he prompted, and rewrote roles, and brought equipment. One day one of the actors started drinking, and the role went to Mikhail Shchepkin, who knew the text very well. Soberly assessing the chance, the young man played as if the honor of Russia depended on his role. In a sense, this is what happened...
The young actor was noticed. Soon he was already playing in the Kharkov, and then in the Poltava theater. Moreover, plays are written and characters are created especially for the innovative artist who plays the role on stage. At the same time, the actor remains a serf. Only in 1822 did fans collect an impressive amount to buy a free man for Mikhail Shchepkin.
Already a free man, Shchepkin joined the troupe of the Moscow Maly Theater, where he brilliantly played roles in performances based on plays by Shakespeare, Gogol, and Griboedov. People called the theater where Shchepkin played “Shchepkinsky House.”
6. Orest Kiprensky
![](https://i0.wp.com/moiarussia.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Orest-Kiprenskij.jpg)
If you've ever been to school, you know Kiprensky very well. Kiprensky is the author of the most famous portrait of Pushkin. And also portraits of Zhukovsky, Batyushkov, Davydov, Olenin and other influential people early XIX century. In general, Orest Kiprensky is considered the earliest Russian portrait painter.
![](https://i0.wp.com/moiarussia.ru/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Portret-poeta-Aleksandra-Sergeevicha-Pushkina.-1827.jpg)
As often happened in those powerless times, the landowner Dyakonov, without particularly worrying about the consequences, helped one of his serf peasant women become a mother. Little Orestes was enrolled in the family of the serf Adam Schwalbe, and he received his patronymic Adamovich. The surname was invented in honor of the place of residence of the goddess of love - Cypris. According to another version, Orest Adamovich was baptized in Koporye, and Kiprensky is a transformation of this toponym. When the boy was six years old, he still received biological father the most valuable gift– freedom!
The second gift from my father was a place in educational department Academy of Arts. Kiprensky graduated from this school with a gold medal and even remained to work at the Academy. On the one hand - brilliant successful artist with incredible own feeling color, light, mood, on the other - a dissolute and passionate reveler, intemperate in libations - Kiprensky was far from academicism and was not perceived by his contemporaries as a significant figure of art. On long time the artist was completely forgotten. It was only at the beginning of the twentieth century that art connoisseurs began to show interest in his works.
On the painter’s Roman tombstone it is written “In memory of Orest Kiprensky, the most famous among Russian artists.”
7. Praskovya Zhemchugova
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The Sheremetyevs' 8-year-old serf girl, Parasha Kovaleva, sang so bewitchingly that the shocked gentlemen took her to their estate in Kuskovo. There the “nightingale” studied dance, music, languages, stagecraft, and mastered the harp and harpsichord. The girl’s “pearly” voice suggested the count and surname. However, Sheremetyev also gave precious surnames to all other peasant artists, from Granatov to Biryuzov.
Zhemchugova played her first role at the age of 11, and by the age of 17 she was already an accomplished actress. Arriving in St. Petersburg, the count introduced his “lark” to Paul I. Having received the greatest patronage, the actress became very popular in high society, and in 1801 Praskovya Zhemchugova became the wife of Nikolai Sheremetyev. To create a pedigree for his serf wife, the ambitious Sheremetyev recorded her in the metric as the Polish princess Kovalevskaya. And of course he gave his freedom to his wife and all her relatives.
Zhemchugova’s most famous song, which has survived to this day, is considered to be the autobiographical poetic story of the meeting of a serf peasant woman with her future husband - the song “Late in the evening I drove the cows home from the forest...”. For two centuries the song was one of the most beloved among the people and today it can often be heard at folklore festivals.
- P.S.: The portrait of actress P.I. Kovaleva-Zhemchugova was painted by the Russian painter Nikolai Ivanovich Argunov, whose entire serf dynasty (including him) was also at the disposal of the Sheremetyev counts.
Found a mistake? Select it and press left Ctrl+Enter.
On March 7 (February 23, old style), 1803, Praskovya Ivanovna Zhemchugova-Kovaleva died. famous actress, serf of the Sheremetyev counts. Bright dramatic talent, extraordinary voice and beauty quickly made Praskovya, the daughter of the serf blacksmith Kovalev, who was inherited by the wife of Sheremetyev Sr., the prima of the serf theater, and later Countess Sheremetyeva. Empress Catherine II herself, admiring Zhemchugova's performance, awarded her a diamond ring in recognition of her talent. We decided to talk about gifted serfs who became more famous than their masters.
Praskovya Zhemchugova
Praskovya Zhemchugova. Portrait of the serf artist Argunov
The fate of Praskovya Kovaleva could have turned out differently if it had not been for the fashion of that time for serf theaters and a rare gift - an extraordinary bewitching voice. 8-year-old Praskovya was taken to the count's estate in Kuskovo and began to be taught stagecraft, dancing, music, playing the harp and harpsichord, foreign languages. At the same time, she received the pseudonym Zhemchugova: Sheremetyev wanted to change the peasant surnames of his actresses to pseudonyms derived from the names precious stones– Zhemchugova, Biryuzova, Granatova. It is believed that the actress received the pseudonym Zhemchugova for her gentle “pearly” voice.
Praskovya played her first role at the age of 11, she appeared as a maid in Grétry's opera The Experience of Friendship. At the grand opening of the Sheremetyev Theater, timed to coincide with the victory in the war with Turkey on June 22, 1795, Praskovya shone in the leading role of the Turkish woman Zelmira, who fell in love with a Russian officer, in the musical drama by I. Kozlovsky based on the text by P. Potemkin “Zelmira and Smelon, or the Capture of Izmail” . At the age of seventeen, Zhemchugova played her best role, according to contemporaries, of Eliana in “Marriages of the Samnites.” It was for this role that Emperor Paul I granted Praskovya a pearl necklace, and awarded the owner of the theater, by that time the son of Count Sheremetyev, the title of chief marshal.
In 1798, Count Nikolai Sheremetyev gave freedom to Praskovya and the entire Kovalev family, and in 1801, having received permission from the tsar to unequal marriage, marries the actress. At the request of his wife, according to the design of the architect Giacomo Quarenghi, the Count built the Hospice House - one of the first institutions in Russia to provide medical care to the poor and orphans. The Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine traces its history back to him.
Praskovya Zhemchugova died in 1803 from consumption at the age of 34, three weeks after the birth of her son Dmitry. She was buried in St. Petersburg in the family tomb of Counts Sheremetev in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Praskovya Zhemchugova as Eliana (“Marriages of the Samnites” by A. Gretry). Watercolor portrait Ch. de Chamisso.
Mikhail Shchepkin
Mikhail Shchepkin. Portrait of the artist N.V. Nevreva.
The founder of the Russian realistic theater, Mikhail Shchepkin, was born in the Kursk province in the family of Count G. S. Volkenstein, who organized a home theater for the amusement of children, then young Mikhail became interested in acting. In 1805, he made his debut on the professional stage: quite by accident, it was necessary to replace an actor in a play based on the play by L.-S. Mercier. From that time on, with the permission of Count Wolkenstein, the actor began acting at the Barsov Brothers Theater in Kursk.
Great influence on young actor was provided by Prince V. Meshchersky, whose style of playing amazed Shchepkin. He himself believed that his transformation into a real actor occurred under the influence of Meshchersky’s play. He “didn’t play on stage, but lived.” Since then, Shchepkin began to implement a realistic style of acting, using the principle of “internal justification of the role.” Shchepkin advocated getting used to the image of the character being portrayed, so that the audience could feel the sincerity of the game. This new stage style made Mikhail Shchepkin the leading actor in the province. In 1822, fans of his talent collected the necessary amount and bought the actor out of serfdom. In order to raise the required amount, a performance was organized, with a subscription fee. In 1822, already free, Shchepkin was invited to join the troupe of the Moscow Maly Theater, which later acquired the unofficial name “Shchepkin’s House.” In the capital, he brilliantly played the roles of Shylock in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, Famusov in Griboyedov's Woe from Wit, and the mayor in Gogol's The Inspector General.
New principles of acting: deep penetration into the character and understanding of the character, which became widespread thanks to Shchepkin, later formed the basis of the famous “Stanislavsky system”. The Higher Theater School at the State Academic Maly Theater in Moscow, the regional drama theater in Belgorod and streets in Moscow, Kursk, Alma-Ata were named after Shchepkin.
Taras Shevchenko
Future National hero Ukraine Taras Shevchenko was born in the Kyiv province into the family of the serf landowner Engelhardt, who, noticing the boy’s talent for drawing, sent him to study in St. Petersburg with the artist V. Shiryaev, intending to make Taras his serf painter. In St. Petersburg, the talented serf was introduced to the secretary of the Academy of Arts V. I. Grigorovich, the artists A. Venetsianov and K. Bryullov, and the poet V. Zhukovsky, thanks to whose efforts Shevchenko was redeemed from serfdom. For this purpose, the portrait of Zhukovsky, painted by Bryullov, was played in a lottery, and the 2,500 rubles received went toward Shevchenko’s freedom. As a sign of gratitude to Zhukovsky, Shevchenko dedicated one of his largest works to him - the poem “Katerina”.
In 1840, Kobzar, the first Ukrainian collection of poems by Shevchenko, was published in St. Petersburg. Soon he publishes “Haydamaky” - his largest poetic work, “Topolya”, “Katerina”, “Naimichka”, “Khustochka”, “Caucasus”. For his poem “The Dream,” which contained a satire on the empress, Shevchenko was sent into exile with a ban on writing and drawing. He was freed by an amnesty after the death of Nicholas I.
Shevchenko, who wrote more than a thousand works of art, is considered the founder of modern Ukrainian literature and literary norms Ukrainian language. In addition, Taras Shevchenko is one of the most famous masters Ukrainian painting. Named after him National University in Kyiv, the embankment in Moscow, Ukrainian theaters and the Kyiv metro station.
Andrey Voronikhin
Portrait of Andrey Voronikhin. Engraving by Viktor Bobrov from a painting original from the early 19th century.
Russian architect Andrei Voronikhin was lucky to be born into the family of serfs, Count A. S. Stroganov, a famous philanthropist and philanthropist. Stroganov opened several art schools, in one of which Voronikhin studied painting with the famous icon painter Yushkov. Soon the count himself drew attention to the young man’s talent and sent him to study at the Moscow School of Architecture, where V. I. Bazhenov and M. F. Kazakov became his mentors. Count Stroganov granted freedom to Voronikhin in 1785, and a year later the young man went to study architecture, mechanics, mathematics and natural Sciences in France and Switzerland with the count's son.
In 1791, the young architect began his first work - finishing the interiors of the Stroganov Palace, built according to the design of Rastrelli, an adherent of the Baroque style. Voronikhin preferred the simplicity of classicism. It is believed that it was the European trip, during which Voronikhin became acquainted with examples of ancient architecture, that predetermined his love for classicism, which turned to the forms of ancient architecture as a standard of harmony, logic and beauty. In the same classicist style, he rebuilt the interiors of the Stroganov dacha and several other houses.
Most famous work Voronikhin became the Cathedral of the Kazan Icon Mother of God, made in the Empire style. After completion of construction, Voronikhin was awarded the Order of St. Anne of the second degree, and went down in history as one of the founders of the Russian Empire style.
Ivan Sviyazev
The serf princess Shakhovskaya's architect Ivan Sviyazev was educated at the Imperial Academy of Arts. At the exam in 1817, he received a silver medal of the 2nd degree for his project “Postal Yard”, but a year later Sviyazev was expelled from the academy due to his status as a serf. Sviyazev was released in 1821, after which he immediately received the title of artist-architect of the Academy of Arts.
For ten years the architect worked in Perm, where, according to his designs, a school for the children of clerical workers, a house for the civil governor, and a theological seminary were built. Sviyazev is responsible for the final design of the bell tower of the Transfiguration Cathedral, which now houses the Perm Art Gallery. In 1832, Sviyazev moved to St. Petersburg, where he worked as an architect and teacher at the Mining Institute, where he published the first “Guide to Architecture” in Russia, adopted for teaching at the Mining Institute and other educational institutions. For this work, Sviyazev was awarded the title of member of the Academy of Sciences, which gave an honorable review of his work, and the architect himself began to be invited to various educational establishments give lectures on architecture. In addition to this work, Sviyazev also published a “Textbook of Architecture”, “Foundations of Furnace Art” and a number of articles published in the “Mining Journal”, “Journal of the Ministry of State. Property", "Journal of Fine Arts" and "Proceedings of the Imperial Free Economic Society".
Serf, actress, countess.Praskovya Ivanovna Zhemchugova-Sheremetyeva
Deus conservat omnia... - God preserves everything! - the motto from the coat of arms of the ancient Russian count family of the Sheremetevs.
From the middle of the 18th century, a hobby arose among the noble class - the serf theater. The boredom of the landowners or the pursuit of fashion became the reason for this, but at that time there were more than two hundred serf theaters in Russia. Mainly landowners in Moscow and St. Petersburg, but nobles also had their own theaters in Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Orel and other cities.
All theater employees, including artists, were the property of the theater “director,” i.e. landowner. The life of a peasant who came from the “arable land” to the theater troupe did not become freer. People continued to be tortured, the troupe in full force or they could sell them individually, dividing their relatives. Despite all these horrors of serfdom, the names of some talented artists from serf theaters have been preserved in history. For example, Mikhail Shchepkin, or Praskovya Zhemchugova.
Lancre N. “Dancer Camargo.” 1730s
Praskovya Zhemchugova, of course, was talented, but how many of their beautiful, brilliant Russian actresses have sunk into oblivion only because they could not find an all-powerful patron. Therefore, if we consider Zhemchugova a symbol, then rather, it is almost miraculous - how lucky can a woman be who from birth has only good natural data.
Zhemchugova had everything in life - a favorite business, in which she ascended to the pedestal of fame, a loved one who doted on her, and by whose will she became the owner of countless riches. But, alas, possessing all possible and impossible earthly values, she died young.
Praskovya Ivanovna Kovaleva-Zhemchugova - National Art Museum of the Republic of Belarus
The future great actress was born on July 31, 1768 in the family of the serf blacksmith Ivan Stepanovich Kovalev, “the serf of Ivashka.” The surname “Kovalyov” comes from the craft of Praskovya’s father, a blacksmith (farrier). Ivan Stepanovich, who developed spinal tuberculosis and a hump from working conditions, “sweetened” the sad life of a serf with vodka. Parasha Kovaleva's family belonged to the Sheremetyev counts
The Sheremetev surname is one of the richest and noble families Russia. Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev received the Kovalevs as a dowry after his marriage to Princess Varvara Cherkasskaya, one of richest brides of its time.
Parasha Kovaleva discovered a talent for singing, and at the age of six (eight) she was taken to the estate, as future actress. The girl was taught stagecraft, dancing, music, playing the harp and harpsichord, and foreign languages.
Family legend says that the young count, Peter Sheremetev’s son Nikolai, who had just arrived from Europe, fell in love with Parasha at first sight. This is not true, since at that time Pyotr Sheremetyev was 22 years old, and the girl was six years old.
Ivan Argunov. Portrait of Count Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev as a child. 1750
Count Sheremetev Nikolai Petrovich in the uniform of the Preobrazhensky Regiment
Apparently, at that moment Nikolai Sheremetev was carried away by the extraordinary talent of Parasha, which he dreamed of making great actress.
At the age of 11, she made her debut as a maid in Grétry's opera The Experience of Friendship. She appeared on stage under the name of Praskovya Gorbunova - and this “pseudonym” appeared thanks to her father and his hump. A year later, Praskovya became Zhemchugova - Count Sheremetev decided to make the names of his actresses and actors more harmonious.
Count Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev
N.I. Argunov Portrait of P.I. Kovaleva-Zhemchugova. Around 1803. Collection of the State Historical Museum
In 1781, Praskovya Zhemchugova became not just a promising actress, but one of the best actresses in Russia, playing Lisa in Monsigny’s comic opera “The Deserter.”
In 1785, the actress first played the role that became her star – the role of Eliana in Grétry’s opera “The Samnite Marriages”.
Theater costumes. Sketches by Marianne Karzinger
Portrait of Countess A.P. Sheremeteva in a carousel costume
The fame of this performance at the Sheremetev serf theater turned out to be so loud that on June 30, 1787, Empress Catherine the Great herself came to see Zhemchugova and “Samnite Marriages.” This performance was given in the newly opened theater building in the Kuskovo estate.
Admiring Praskovya Zhemchugova’s performance, the empress gave the serf star a diamond ring from her own hand.
Sister of Count Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev. Portrayed in a theatrical role. Family members also took part in theatrical productions. Artist Pietro Rotari 1760. State Russian Museum
Praskovya, a fragile and shy beauty with large and with clear eyes Possessing the refined manners inherent in the noble class, she continued to shine in the theater. Captivated by her and her art, Count Nikolai Sheremetyev was truly in love with his “star”.
The 19-year-old prima of the theater became her master's favorite.
In 1788, the old Count Pyotr Sheremetev dies. All of him untold riches and more than two hundred thousand peasants went to their son. For several months, Nikolai Petrovich fell into continuous drunkenness and debauchery. There was only one person who could stop the count. It was Zhemchugova.
The fragile theater star unexpectedly showed masculine acumen. She managed not only to take over the management of the theater, but also to pull her lover out of his drinking bouts.
Nikolay Argunov. Portrait of Praskovya Zhemchugova-Sheremeteva.
Nikolai Sheremetev was now captivated not only by her beauty and talent, but also by the girl’s fortitude. He lived with her as with his wife, in a separate house, not paying attention to the age difference and the gossip of others. It is unknown when exactly the count fell madly in love with his actress. Most likely, when Praskovya was 15 or 16 years old. It was then that Nikolai admitted in one of his letters: “I will not marry anyone but her.” The heir to the largest fortune (the serfs alone numbered 200 thousand souls), the most eligible bachelor In Moscow, his relatives tried to declare him crazy. They didn’t believe in their love and were accused of debauchery. But worse than the gossip was the tuberculosis that manifested itself in the actress.
Ostankino Estate, Moscow
It was opened in 1795 new theater Sheremetev in the Ostankino Palace. The depth of the new, twenty-four-meter stage made it possible to widely deploy spectacular mass paintings. Theater machines imported from Paris made it possible to make quick, almost silent changes - after the performance, when the audience returns to the foyer, stage workers turn the theater into a huge ballroom within 20-30 minutes.
Ground floor plan big house(theater) before its renovation in 1796-98.
A. Mironov. 90s of the 18th century.
Schematic representation of the theater hall design. Processing illustrations in vector technology.
In the center of the balcony, where the count's box was located between the columns, the canopy and parapet were removed, and in its place the steps of the central staircase were placed. Along it, from the art gallery, spectators descended into the theater and were amazed by it miraculous transformation. I think you have enough imagination to imagine a sea of candles on chandeliers and candelabra, orchestra musicians, footmen's livery and, of course, the luxury of the clothes of the count's guests.
Everything in the new theater looked no worse, and perhaps even better, than on the court stage of the Hermitage. It was built by the count for the sake of his beloved, and there she played her last performances in her career. At the opening of the palace, Praskovya performed the role of the Turkish woman Zelmira in the opera “The Capture of Ishmael.”
P. I. Zhemchugova - in the role of Eliana ("Marriages of the Samnites" by A. Gretry). unknown. artist XVIII century
In 1797 she last time came on stage in her best role Eliana. The illness forced her to end her career, but a joyful event also happened in Praskovya’s life - Emperor Paul I, with whom Count Sheremetev had been friends since his youth, ascended the throne, unofficially “blessed” the relationship between the count and the serf actress.
Count Sheremetev was awarded the title of Chief Marshal, and he and Praskovya moved to St. Petersburg.
However, the climate had a bad effect on the actress’s health, and tuberculosis worsened. Not seeing the existence of his theater without Zhemchugova in the role of prima, he closed it, giving the actresses a dowry.
In 1798, 47-year-old Count Nikolai Sheremetev decided to officially marry Praskovya Zhemchugova. Secretly, he ordered forged documents, from which it followed that the actress’s supposed ancestor was the Polish nobleman Kovalevsky, who was captured by the Russians and became a serf. In December 1798, the family of Praskovya Zhemchugova received their freedom.
The count was supported by Metropolitan Platon, who blessed the marriage with the former serf. The priest was guided not by class principles, but by simple logic - the long-term (17 years) relationship between two people, who by that time had become famous in the field of charity, could not be simple fornication.
Temple of Simeon the Stylite on Povarskaya
On November 6, 1801 in Moscow, in the Church of Simeon the Stylite on Povarskaya, Archpriest Fyodor Malinovsky performed the wedding ceremony of Count Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev and Praskovya Ivanovna Zhemchugova.
The wedding was secret, and after it the newlyweds left for St. Petersburg. The Count diligently prepared the world to accept Praskovya as a countess.
Borovikovsky Vladimir "Portrait of Count N.P. Sheremetev"
Portrait of Countess P. Sheremeteva Argunov Ivan Petrovich
Despite the health of Praskovya Zhemchugova, undermined by tuberculosis, she still became pregnant, Nikolai Petrovich decided to order her ceremonial portrait, which was supposed to testify to the upper class her confirmation in the role of Countess Sheremeteva.
This famous portrait by the artist Nikolai Argunov is now kept in the Bakhrushin Central Theater Museum.
Nikolai Ivanovich Argunov Portrait of Count Dmitry Nikolaevich Sheremetev 1804
On February 3, 1803, Praskovya gave her husband an heir, who was named Dmitry. But twenty days later, having never recovered from childbirth, Praskovya Ivanovna Zhemchugova, Countess Sheremetev, died. She was only 34 years old.
Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev survived his wife by six years. One of the richest people in Russia was buried in a simple coffin. By the will of the deceased, all the money for a rich burial was distributed to the poor.
Here are the words from his will:
“I had everything in life. Fame, wealth, luxury. But I did not find peace in any of this.
Remember that life is fleeting, and only good deeds can we take with us beyond the doors of the coffin."
Count Dmitry Nikolaevich Sheremetyev - son of Praskovya and Nikolai Sheremetyev
Emperor Alexander I recognized the secret marriage of the count and the actress as legal, and the baby Dmitry as the legal heir to the title of Count Sheremetev. Their son, Count Dmitry Nikolaevich Sheremetev, a philanthropist and philanthropist, a man with oddities in the opinion of society, had his own secret in life, which is also connected with sad story already his love.
God preserves everything!- the motto from the coat of arms of the ancient Russian count family of the Sheremetevs.
God preserved our memory of those events.
Praskovya Zhemchugova did not forget about her origin. She did charity work, went to Sukharevskaya Square to give alms to the poor. Praskovya Zhemchugova persuaded the count to build a public hospital for the poor - the Hospice House. It was founded on June 28, 1792, the birthday of Count Nikolai Sheremetev.
The Sheremetev estates and palaces have also been preserved - Kuskovo, Ostankino, Ostafyevo, Voronovo, the Fountain Palace in St. Petersburg and, of course, the famous Hospice House on the Garden Ring, partially rebuilt because the count wanted to make it a worthy monument in honor of his Great love in memory of his suddenly deceased wife, Countess-actress Praskovya Sheremeteva. The hospice house is now known as the Sklifosofsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine.
Hospice