Recycling ideas. Waste recycling as a highly profitable business in Russia
Contemporary challenges related to recycling household waste in Russia, are based on disabilities to return resources to natural and economic circulation. Running a business based on waste recycling is characterized by the rationality of investments with high degree payback and profitability. In addition, this business option does not require special knowledge.
Business relevance
According to the Ministry of Natural Resources, the average Russian family About 1.6 tons of household waste are thrown out annually, including more than 145 kg of plastic and almost 100 kg of paper waste, as well as almost a thousand glass bottles. All this garbage is potential raw material base for production activities in the waste processing industry. Waste recycling as a business in Russia is one of the most profitable and promising due to the following circumstances:
- the emergence of high-quality and affordable domestic equipment that allows you to process household waste in small production areas;
- annual expansion of the sales market.
In addition, the Ministry of Natural Resources plans to prohibit incineration of waste that may be suitable for further processing. Like any business, waste recycling requires initial financial investments and registration of all necessary title and permitting documentation.
Preparation of a package of documents
The first and most important document that allows you to engage in waste recycling as a business is obtaining a license from the Ministry of Environment. This document must be obtained once. The received license is valid for the entire duration of implementation entrepreneurial activity. Obtaining a license is quite simple. It is enough to register as or with simplified system taxation and organize an environmental assessment, which issues a conclusion.
Next, a package of documents is collected, including title and design documentation for the premises used, as well as a business plan for waste processing, describing the production technology and permission from the fire inspectorate, SES, water and utilities. The process of collecting and confirming the entire package of documents takes about three months.
It is worth noting that a fairly convenient option is to order turnkey licensing. Firms involved in the preparation of such documentation work with both legal and individuals with individual entrepreneur status. The cost of such a service depends on the type of solid waste processed and the volume of production.
Of greatest interest is a mini-plant for waste processing based on crushing and sorting equipment, a business plan for the use of which is developed according to a standard scheme. The highest profitability is shown by a plant with a Russort production line, with a productivity of 10 tons and a power of 100 kW per hour.
Production premises and personnel
The construction of the plant requires the use of a relatively flat plot of land, the dimensions of which range from 55 by 30 to 80 by 40 meters. The location of production lines may vary depending on the type of access roads. The building must include a sorting room with an area of about 10 by 7 meters. The plant area must be landscaped using road slabs and equipped with a protective net to prevent debris from scattering.
The standard staff of the main personnel, in addition to the manager, foreman and mechanic, includes a team of workers consisting of:
- sorting line operators;
- press line operators;
- hydraulic manipulator operators;
- drivers.
Five-day working week- 8 hour shift:
- number of workers - 21 people, including foreman and mechanic;
- processing volume per shift - 80 tons of solid waste;
- the volume of processing per year is 19 thousand tons of solid waste.
Five-day work week - 2 shifts of 12 hours:
- number of workers - 40 people, including 2 foreman and 2 mechanics;
- processing volume per shift - 115 tons of solid waste;
- the volume of processing per year is 39 thousand tons of solid waste.
Seven-day work week - 24-hour operation:
- number of workers - 80 people, including 2 foreman and 2 mechanics;
- processing volume per shift - 230 tons of solid waste;
- the volume of processing per year is 80 thousand tons of solid waste.
The work is carried out in four shifts, each with 19 workers, a mechanic and a foreman.
Equipment selection
Modern standards and requirements require equipping the complex with the following equipment:
- press for recyclable materials and “tailings”;
- hydraulic manipulator;
- container capacity of 15 cubic meters for broken glass;
- feeding and sorting conveyors;
- a basket for secondary raw materials with a volume of 8 cubic meters;
- hydraulic stacker and trolley with scales;
- sorting cabin for 168 square meters with twenty working sorting stations for sixteen types of waste;
- KAMAZ-multilift.
In addition, the area of the frameless hangar should be about 430 square meters, including household compartments with locker rooms, showers and toilets, a manager’s room and a relaxation area for service personnel, as well as an individual boiler room.
Process technology
The technology used in solid waste processing plants may vary depending on the equipment and the final destination of the raw materials, but the main processes are standard and consist of the following steps:
- unloading garbage trucks at the unloading site;
- loading of waste mass onto the feed inclined conveyor belt using a hydraulic petal gripper of a hydraulic manipulator;
- lifting waste by the feed conveyor onto the sorting conveyor belt;
- manual sorting of waste with the selection of useful fractions that accumulate in special baskets;
- unloading the remaining mass into the press compactor, which is located near the end of the plant;
- compaction of waste into press containers;
- pressing of recyclable materials into special bales, ready for shipment to consumers.
Income/expenses and profitability
Starting investments:
- the cost of the mini-plant is 30 million rubles.
Economic indicators:
- annual volume of solid waste - 33 thousand tons;
- the annual volume of sorted recyclables is 5 thousand tons;
- capital investments for the acquisition of the plant - 30 million rubles;
- annual fixed asset depreciation rate - 3 million rubles;
- annual diesel costs - 356 thousand rubles;
- annual transportation costs - 8.3 thousand rubles;
- annual equipment maintenance costs - 81 thousand rubles;
- annual costs for equipment repairs - 150 thousand rubles;
- annual payment for electricity - 650 thousand rubles;
- annual salary - 3.85 million rubles;
- annual payroll taxes - 1.1 million rubles;
- expenses for workwear - 48 thousand rubles.
Total expenses: 9.2 million rubles. per year.
- maximum consumption of secondary raw materials per ton is 1.8 thousand rubles;
- annual sales volumes of secondary raw materials, including VAT - 17 million rubles;
- profit before taxes - 8 million rubles;
- VAT -1.4 million rubles;
Income: 6 million rubles.
The estimated payback period is about three years.
Mini-plants for processing solid waste belong to the category of prefabricated ones, and the average construction time is about three months. A high-quality and reliable line for such an enterprise can be purchased for an amount of 30 million rubles, and inexpensive and modern construction solutions make it possible to minimize start-up costs.
The productivity of such production under standard conditions is about one hundred tons per shift, which is comparable in volume to twelve KAMAZ trucks of waste. With such indicators, the payback threshold does not exceed four years.
There are all conditions for starting a waste recycling business in Russia. Among them:
- a large number of landfills;
- low competition;
- high profitability.
Industrial enterprises always help and are ready to share their production waste.
Required Documentation
After you have chosen the direction of what waste you plan to process, you need to collect a package of necessary documentation. These are permits that allow you to engage in this business:
To obtain a license from the Ministry Natural Resources Representatives of the city or regional environmental management department are invited. An examination is carried out and a decision is made. It is valid throughout the entire life of the enterprise.
Obtaining all of the above permits is due to the fact that waste recycling can harm the environment. All authorities must ensure the safety of the enterprise.
A business processing plastic bottles, paper and cardboard does not require a license or permit. In this case, it is enough to have a legal entity registration.
Where to get garbage?
First of all, you need to decide what kind of waste will be recycled. In the common garbage container that stands in each yard, most of it can be recycled. The trash can often contains the following: percentage waste:
- 50% polymer;
- 25% food;
- 10% paper;
- 15% others (textiles, metal, etc.).
For a long time in yards you can see separate containers for collecting solid waste, for example, separately for paper, plastic bottles, glass.
The source of garbage collection can be:
- General trash cans.
- Landfills.
- Separate trash cans.
- Waste at enterprises.
- Organizations selling sorted waste.
- Remaining raw materials in stores.
Woodworking, glass and other factories cannot afford to maintain warehouses for storing waste. Illegal disposal of industrial waste is punishable by the state with large fines, so giving the garbage for recycling will only benefit them. Municipal authorities are interested in recycling waste and eliminating landfills from the suburbs.
The main condition is environmental safety processing.
Business organization
Before you start production process need to get the package necessary documents and register a company. Next, you can select premises, equipment, and personnel.
The main contribution to the business is equipment. You can get raw materials for free. This area is attractive both for businessmen themselves and for investors. The invested money can be returned within six months, the profitability reaches 50%.
Production premises
The premises can be rented, especially if there is a need to move equipment and equipment closer to new landfills. It is usually divided into two parts:
The size of the first part should be on average 400 square meters. m., the second – 100 sq. m. You need to focus on the scale of production; perhaps, to begin with, you will need a smaller area. It is cheaper to rent premises on the outskirts of the city or outside the city.
The distance from residential buildings must be more than 500 meters so that emissions do not reach the residential sector.
In addition to the premises, there should also be cars that will bring garbage and transport recycled materials. Here, a rental option or a cooperation agreement with transport companies is also possible.
Required Equipment
The most expensive and most important point is the purchase of equipment. The following equipment must be present in the workshop:
- Sorting line.
- Storage bunker.
- Crusher.
- Magnet.
- Press.
- Additional mechanisms.
The purchase of equipment will cost from 50 to 80 thousand USD. It is better to give preference to a domestic manufacturer, the quality is not worse, and it is easier to service.
Staff
The larger the size and wider the functions of the production, the more personnel are required.
One medium-sized enterprise requires about 40 workers, not counting accountants, economists, and technologists.
The company can operate in two shifts, workers will be engaged in:
- sorting;
- grinding;
- rejection of unsuitable raw materials.
It is impossible to do all this automatically; each process must be controlled by a living person.
The staff consists of the following units:
- manager;
- foreman;
- mechanics;
- sorting line operator;
- hydraulic manipulator operator;
- press line operator;
- driver;
- loader
Sales of finished products
To determine where the finished product can be sold, you need to understand what the output will be after processing the primary raw materials.
Please note the following:
Sales of products can be carried out at:
- industrial enterprises;
- paper mills;
- farms;
- production and procurement enterprises for recycling resources.
How much does processed and compressed recyclables cost (per ton):
- Aluminum cans – 15 thousand rubles.
- Waste paper – 1.5 thousand rubles.
- Polymers – 9 thousand rubles.
Financial component of business
Starting a waste recycling business will require large financial investments. Because of this, there is little competition in the market. Don’t be afraid to make investments, since the payback period for the project is 6-24 months.
It is important to establish a waste collection and distribution system finished products. If the channels are not established, then serious losses can be incurred. The profitability of the enterprise ranges from 40 to 80 percent.
Cost of opening and maintaining
You will have to spend money not only on the building and equipment. Collecting documents is also not a cheap procedure. Registration of a license and all permits can cost 6 thousand rubles.
The most expensive thing is the purchase of equipment, the cost of which will cost up to 3 million rubles. If the premises are not rented, but purchased, then you need to add another 1.5 million rubles. The initial contribution will be 4-5 million rubles.
The operation of the plant must be constantly maintained, which incurs the following expenses:
- payment of wages to employees (for a worker from 15 thousand rubles per month);
- rental of premises and land;
- payment of utility bills;
- for the maintenance or rental of cars;
- taxes;
- purchase of raw materials.
The above costs will range from 700 thousand rubles to 1 million, depending on the scale of production. The first income will begin to appear after about a month of work, so initially you need to have 5-6 million rubles to open a business and pay the costs for the first month.
Opening a workshop for processing one type of waste will cost less than a multifunctional enterprise. Building a full-fledged waste processing complex can cost up to 30 million rubles.
Amount of future income
The size of future income depends on the scale of production. The more waste is recycled, the more recyclable materials will be obtained and, accordingly, profits from sales.
The type of waste processed also plays a big role. Recycling of paper, plastic bottles, and glass is profitable.
Please note the following points:
- The yield of the final product depends on the efficiency of the equipment. Modern technologies allow you to obtain maximum secondary raw materials from waste. Old equipment will produce less output, and accordingly the profit will be less.
- It is important not only to independently accept waste from customers, but also to set up waste collection points in the city where people and company representatives can go independently. This will save on the supply of raw materials and increase net profit.
If you do everything correctly, the profit per month will be 1-2 million rubles. Monthly expenses must be subtracted from this amount. Total per month you can receive net income 500 thousand-1 million rubles.
Payback period
Calculating the payback period is not difficult. Having spent 5 million on opening a waste processing workshop and earning 1 million a month, the business can pay for itself in 5 months. It may take some time to understand the essence and establish all the processes. It’s not always possible to earn millions from the first month.
It all depends on the type of raw material being processed, which can be cheaper or more expensive. Therefore, the payback period ranges from 5 months to 2 years.
You can try to enter the waste recycling business with one type of waste, for example, plastic or paper. And since the profitability of the business is very high due to little competition, you can start working immediately after receiving a license.
Garbage has always been an environmental problem for all of humanity. Today, the issue of garbage is discussed at all levels: federal, regional, and so on. However, so far this is just talk and has not led to concrete action on the issue of waste recycling.
According to research, today waste disposal requires at least one. Only in this case can you significantly influence the environment environment.
In some countries around the world there are penalties for littering. real war. Everyone wants to dominate their landfill because they firmly believe that this will bring them stability for life.
The problem of waste recycling and the creation of a special plant as a relevant business idea today
Today it is believed that waste recycling is a very profitable and profitable business.
Until recently, this area of business was not like, for example, processing of wood or other raw materials. But now the situation has changed dramatically.
Throughout the Russian Federation there are now huge amount landfills that require certain actions, and thereby allow waste disposal. According to statistics, about 96% of all household waste is disposed of in landfills. Moreover, according to estimates, about 60-70% of this is of some value and can be reused after recycling.
First of all, to process waste, you need at least a specialized mini-plant that will perform this function. Today there are very few such factories, which allows you to seriously think about this type of business.
Lack of high competition, as well as the fact that people will never stop throwing out garbage, says only one thing - this business will remain relevant for a very long time.
The relevance of opening this business is discussed in the following video:
Opening options
Every novice entrepreneur who is thinking about creating his own waste recycling plant thinks about exactly what form to implement.
Exists several varieties waste treatment plants, namely:
Here, as they say, the choice remains with the entrepreneur himself, but it is necessary to take into account his starting capital. If, for example, a stationary plant will cost millions, then a mini plant will cost no more than $30,000.
Most entrepreneurs recommend initially betting on a mini-factory, since the start-up capital required is not so much, but at the same time it is quick. Moreover, there is no need to hire a large number of staff, and productivity is high.
Starting a business with a mini-factory allows you to understand the whole process from the inside, and after receiving tangible profits, think about whether it’s worth expanding or not.
If you have not yet registered an organization, then easiest way do this using online services, which will help you generate all the necessary documents for free: If you already have an organization, and you are thinking about how to simplify and automate accounting and reporting, then the following online services will come to the rescue, which will completely replace an accountant in your company and save a lot money and time. All reporting is generated automatically, signed electronically and sent automatically online. It is ideal for individual entrepreneurs or LLCs on the simplified tax system, UTII, PSN, TS, OSNO.
Everything happens in a few clicks, without queues and stress. Try it and you will be surprised how easy it has become!
Review of mini-factories and their cost
Without any doubt, any manufacturing country sets its own prices for such mini-factories.
So, for comparison, China offers to purchase their mini-factory at a cost of no more than $16,000. At the same time, it includes all the necessary functions that allow you to perform any assigned tasks.
As for the Ukrainian manufacturer, the cost of their mini-plant starts at $60,000. Agree, this is quite an impressive amount, which can completely discourage the desire to initial stage formation of their entrepreneurial activity.
If we take into account the domestic manufacturer, then in this regard the price can vary from 10 to 20 thousand dollars. It largely depends on the configuration of the equipment.
It is worth noting that the domestic manufacturer is distinguished by reliability and quality, and the fact that in short terms You can always purchase any part that may fail.
Which manufacturer to pay attention to is the exclusive desire of the client himself, who focuses directly on his starting capital. But don’t forget that the costs will quickly pay off.
Description of the processing process
Modern mini-factories are equipped with sections in each of which waste is separated, sorted and crushed.
In addition, there are areas where heat and energy are obtained, including waste compaction.
The basis of such a mini-plant is a mechanized complex, thanks to which waste is sorted. High-temperature processing is carried out using pyrolysis equipment. During the afterburning of pyrolysis gases, the temperature can reach about 1100º C.
It is worth noting that the exhaust flue gases have a fairly impressive level of purification.
The presence of a pyrolysis unit as part of a mini-plant practically guarantees waste-free production. And this, accordingly, entails significant profits.
Main advantage The creation of a mini-factory is considered to be:
- absence of unpleasant odors;
- absence of insects and other various rodents.
- simplicity and speed of installation;
- low cost.
The technological process of processing is presented in the following video:
Business registration rules
Before starting to carry out business activities in this area, it is necessary to obtain a package of permits.
To do this, you need to contact the Ministry of Environment, which issues such a certificate.
Initially, a newly created company must undergo a compliance examination, after which a conclusion is issued. Such a conclusion is issued for an indefinite period. It is worth considering that its cost will cost approximately 5 thousand rubles.
In addition to this document, necessary:
- obtain permission from the sanitary and epidemiological station (SES);
- a project that describes all the nuances of the technological process.
But, despite all the documents that are necessary to legalize this business, it is necessary initially, which can describe all the intricacies of doing business.
In addition, you need to pay attention to sales, which is a key factor.
Drawing up a business plan
Anyone who is trying to start a business in this area must have a business plan, thanks to which it is possible to predict many problems that await at the initial stages, including calculating a number of actions that will help in the event of possible insolvency.
Descriptive part
It has long been no secret that a mini waste processing plant is an excellent investment that will provide stable profits for many years. This field of activity is very popular all over the world, since many companies are ready to purchase for themselves in any quantity certain type waste, or as a complete set.
Production part
Equipment which is necessary to carry out your work activity includes:
- production line for sorting raw materials;
- crushing plant;
- bunker for collecting raw materials (capacity for storing processed material);
- special press.
Most beginning entrepreneurs give their preference to imported equipment, however, this big mistake. The fact is that the domestic manufacturer, firstly, is of higher quality, and secondly, significantly cheaper.
For this reason, many people need quite an impressive start-up capital, and this consequently leads to the fact that many simply abandon their idea at the initial stage.
In addition, it is also worth considering the need for a truck, which will be used to deliver raw materials, as well as sell finished products.
It will cost approximately $80,000 to meet this need. If the entrepreneur has additional capital, it is advisable to purchase a melting furnace.
Marketing part
The marketing part of a business plan is rightfully considered key. Thanks to a competent approach to competitiveness analysis, you can solve many problems at once and leave your competitors behind.
Even though there are few competitors in this area, not paying attention to them is a grave mistake.
According to statistics, many similar factories are created annually in the Russian Federation, whose plans are to make a profit from this area of activity. It is necessary to analyze this market in detail and finally decide in which direction to move in the future.
This is primarily due to the fact that there are a huge number of types of waste, and it is impractical to tackle everything at once.
Today this direction is considered one of the most promising and quickly pays off.
However, this is not an obligation at all, but rather a recommendation, because each region has its own competitors, from which it is necessary to build on.
Financial part
To open your own mini-factory, it is enough to have starting capital in the amount of $80,000.
First of all, these funds will be spent on implementing priority tasks, namely:
- registration of all permits (licenses, permits, etc.);
- renting premises (the place where the equipment will be installed);
- acquisition of necessary equipment;
- purchase of the first batch of raw materials;
- employees (the annual salary of each employee is taken into account).
Little money will be spent on the organization itself associated with waste removal. This is due to the fact that the garbage itself costs about 1 million rubles. The greatest difficulties arise at the moment when it is necessary to find sales channels.
In the process of doing business, you need to understand that profit company depends on many factors, in particular:
- waste processing method;
- production volume.
In order to significantly increase the profit received, it is enough to organize a collection point for secondary (processed) raw materials.
This method will allow you to maintain production profitability at a level of at least 50%, and thereby obtain tangible benefits.
Possible problems
Each type of business activity entails the risk of non-receipt of profit. To avoid this in every possible way, it is enough to competently draw up a business plan.
First of all, it is necessary to take into account literally every detail.
First of all, any problems begin with minor shortcomings, which, as a rule, leads the company to the bottom.
It is necessary to study the information on waste recycling as best as possible in order to be aware of the entire technological process and, if necessary, quickly solve any problem.
Once the business has started operating, it is necessary to sign an agreement for the supply of raw materials with several suppliers at once, since in this case the risk of a shortage of material is minimized. Ultimately, this will allow the mini-factory to supply finished products without delays and in full.
It is also worth considering that you should not inflate the starting capital, and you should expand only in as a last resort. Inappropriate investment of personal capital can play a cruel joke and affect the company’s activities.
An overview of domestic waste processing equipment is presented in this video:
* The calculations use average data for Russia
Starting investments (reception point)
50,000 - 100,000 ₽
Starting investment (garbage removal)
from 2,000,000 ₽
Starting investments (sorting shop)
from 4,500,000 ₽
Starting investment (processing shop)
from 5,000,000 ₽
Environmental problems and waste disposal are an activator of waste recycling production. Is it possible to enter the “garbage business” with a budget of 100 thousand rubles? And how to find your place in a profitable industry?
Garbage is a unique resource: people are willing to pay both for its acquisition and for its sale. At the same time, it is inexhaustible. Every year each resident produces 300-400 kg of household waste. This means that a city with a population of 1 million people produces 300-400 tons of garbage per year. And over time, this number increases.
Business relevance
Russia has accumulated a huge amount of household waste that requires urgent disposal. On at the moment Only 1% is recycled in the country solid waste, and more than 31 billion tons remain unutilized. Of these billions of tons, about 60% are recyclable materials and can be recycled. Such raw materials include paper, metal, glass, polymers, etc. But garbage continues to accumulate in landfills and pollute the environment. Today, the issue of waste disposal, which has become an environmental problem, is being discussed at all levels - and, nevertheless, has not yet been resolved. The problem of waste disposal in the 21st century seems ridiculous because at every stage of the process you can make money from almost nothing.
Not so long ago, the garbage business was not considered highly profitable. But now the situation has changed dramatically. Throughout our country there are a huge number of landfills that need to be cleaned up. The small number of processing plants that operate in Russia cannot cope with the scale of work.
A business based on recycling waste will not lose its relevance as long as humanity produces it. And this process is unlikely to stop as long as we live as a consumer society.
Advantages and disadvantages of business
Often in business articles about waste recycling there is an opinion that this area is low level competition, but this is far from the case. The fact that there are few participants in the segment does not mean that few people want to engage in waste recycling. This means that not everyone can get into it.
Since January 2016, Federal Law No. 458-F3 has been in force, regulating the procedure for collection and disposal of waste. According to it, certain territories will not be served commercial organizations, and regional operators. They are selected on a competitive basis in the last quarter of the year for 10 years. In their competence: to coordinate the work management company, organize the collection, transportation, storage and recycling of waste. This law leads to the centralization of business, which increases competition. Big players will fight for position regional operator, and medium and small - for survival. These processes are for new participants, but will create higher demands on newcomers.
At the same time, it cannot be said that there is no place for new players in the field. You can start your own business, but the market has its own specifics, which can become more complicated with changes in legislation. Therefore, those who want to open such a business need to constantly keep their finger on the pulse and carefully study everything that happens in the market. You should communicate with other market participants, analyze the actions of competitors, attend events organized by ministries, executive authorities, etc.
Why you should start a waste recycling business
Relevance. It can be seen in almost every aspect, from the fact that it benefits the environment to the fact that this business brings great profit to the owner.
Support local authorities . This area is poorly financed, so local authorities can assist you in organizing your business.
Unlimited supplies of raw materials.
High business profitability, which is 60-70%.
Possibility to start with small volumes. Even if you do not have the financial ability to build a waste processing plant, you can limit yourself to a small workshop. It does not require large investments, but at the same time brings a decent profit, which will allow you to further develop your business.
What difficulties may you encounter:
-
High investment. Equipment even for a small workshop is quite expensive.
Bureaucracy. Difficulties may arise at the stage of obtaining permits from regulatory authorities, as well as with the sale of processed raw materials. There are many bureaucratic difficulties to build an enterprise and operate legally: licenses, permission, allocation sanitary zone, project preparation and other nuances turn the process of starting a business into a labor-intensive and lengthy process.
High competition. You should not organize your business in regions where there are already similar enterprises. In this case, it will be almost impossible to overcome competition.
No waste sorting. In Russia there is a specific problem - there is no preparatory waste sorting and separate waste collection, which significantly complicates the entire recycling process. In order to prepare raw materials for processing, the company will need many workers to sort household waste, and this is no longer profitable for doing business. Of course, there are automatic waste sorting lines, but such expensive equipment is not available to every businessman.
Legal aspects of business in waste
Before starting a waste business, you must obtain permission for this activity. This is done by the Ministry of Ecology, which issues a license for the right to collect and process solid household waste. And for this you need to undergo a special environmental assessment, which will allow you to obtain a conclusion. It is carried out by the local (city or regional) environmental management department. The peculiarity of the conclusion is that it is issued to the entrepreneur once and is valid for the entire period of the company’s existence. Its cost is about 6,000 rubles.
In addition, you will need to obtain permits from the sanitary and fire departments, as well as municipal and water authorities. To do this, you must draw up project documentation with a detailed description of the technological processes at your enterprise. These conclusions will cost you approximately 1000 rubles. Also, every year you must obtain permission from the ministry to store solid waste on the territory.
Ready-made ideas for your business
Preparation of a package of documents can take up to six months. You can also use intermediary services to complete a full package of documents to launch your business. Average cost such services amount to 40 thousand rubles. The paperwork process, including the license, will take about 2-3 months. If you decide to obtain all permits yourself, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the “Regulations on licensing activities for the collection, transportation<…> waste I-IV hazard classes”, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1062 in 2015.
Government regulation garbage business consists of environmental supervision, licensing, reporting, monitoring compliance with standards and setting tariffs for waste disposal.
Legal regulation is carried out federal law“On production and consumption waste”, which indicates five classes of waste: from “extremely hazardous” waste of the first class to “virtually non-hazardous” waste of the fifth. The first three classes are industrial and construction waste, and the fourth and fifth are household waste (the so-called MSW - municipal solid waste). According to the law, the owner of waste of classes 1–4 can transfer the right to dispose of it to a person only if he has the appropriate license: for its use, neutralization, transportation, disposal. Issues licenses Federal service on supervision in the field of environmental management. To obtain a permit, you need to carry out a number of activities:
prepare a waste passport;
purchase or rent special means of transport;
carry out vocational training workers and obtain the appropriate certificates;
pay a state fee of 7,500 rubles.
Among other things, all entrepreneurs involved in such a business must have a certificate confirming their professional training. No such permits are required for processing solid waste. These include food waste, metals, waste paper, wood, plastic containers, textiles, rubber.
Therefore on initial stage opening, it is necessary to find out what class of waste the entrepreneur will work with. To do this, he must order the appropriate examination.
Before starting work, you must register with the Federal Tax Service as an individual entrepreneur or legal entity. For a waste business, the legal form of an LLC is more suitable. To register with the Federal Tax Service, you must prepare a package of documents and select codes for the types of your business activity in accordance with the OKVED-2 classifier. For example, if you decide to establish a waste removal company, then the following codes should be indicated in the application for registration of the enterprise:
38.11 – Collection of non-hazardous waste;
38.12 – Collection of hazardous waste;
49.41 – Activities of road freight transport.
Depending on what services you will provide, the codes may be different, so there is no point in listing them all.
How can you make money from trash?
The waste business is divided into three major sectors: waste removal; waste sorting; recycling or disposal of waste. Each sector requires a lot of effort and money to develop, so it is useless for a novice entrepreneur to try to cover everything. It is better to start a business by organizing one of these stages. Below we will look at the features of each type of waste business.
Option 1. Garbage removal
The initial task of waste disposal is to remove it from the consumer's territory. Removing waste is generally quite simple. The most difficult stage is preparing for this work and obtaining the necessary permits. Once the legal issues have been resolved, you can begin purchasing equipment.
Equipment. In order to organize a waste removal business, you will need a minimum set of equipment - these are special trucks, equipped with an elevator or garbage containers, if the main object is household waste.
The cost of new special equipment is from one and a half million, but you can purchase equipment on lease.
Ready-made ideas for your business
Garbage trucks with a built-in press are more economical and profitable. This configuration reduces the number of flights and, accordingly, reduces fuel costs. If you are planning to export construction waste, you may need large trucks.
Office. Despite the fact that this service sector is associated with constant transport movements, office space will still be needed. Administrative staff, accounting and dispatchers can be located there. For an office, 15-20 sq.m. will be enough. – this is enough to organize a reception and create conditions for workers. The office must be equipped with appropriate furniture, computer equipment and communications equipment.
Staff. In order to organize a waste removal business, you will need the following staff: drivers, dispatchers, administrator, accountant. Also, when increasing the fleet, it is recommended to hire a mechanic.
Client base. The main clients of waste removal companies are various restaurants, cafes, canteens - those who produce large amounts of food waste every day.
It is also possible to conclude agreements with utility companies, which will allow garbage to be removed from the residential complex. The main advantage of working with residential buildings– large volumes. Despite the fact that the tariff rate in this case is lower than waste removal from the commercial sector, you can make good money due to large volumes.
Another direction is construction waste removal services for both individuals and construction organizations.
Ready-made ideas for your business
Peculiarities. You need to enter into agreements with landfills where waste will be transported using coupons. You should also decide main problem of this business – reducing transport costs. This can be done in two ways, which involve increasing capacity garbage containers. You can take care of everything in advance and purchase a garbage truck with a compactor, which will significantly increase transportation productivity. Another option is to purchase a trash can with a press, which reduces the frequency of garbage disposal.
Pros and cons. The advantage of this business is that it does not require rent large areas and the purchase of complex, expensive equipment. Compared to other garbage business options, organizing waste removal services is not that expensive. The main disadvantages are high fuel costs and the need to enter into an agreement with a waste storage site or waste disposal company. The cost of storing waste is 1,500–2,000 rubles per 5 tons;
How much can you earn from garbage removal?. The cost of exporting a standard container with a volume of 0.8 cubic meters. m. in big city is from 300 rub. One garbage truck contains 25-60 such containers. This means that for one flight you can earn from 7,500 to 18,000 rubles. Within a month the amount will increase to 400-500 thousand rubles. According to companies that deal with waste removal, they receive 500 rubles from each Russian. per month. By simple calculations, we find that such companies earn 50 million rubles from residents of a city with a population of 100 thousand people. per month.
Starter kit: investments of about 2 million rubles, special transport, drivers, dispatchers who will take orders and coordinate the routes of garbage trucks.
Option 2. Collection and sorting of waste
IN European countries up to 80% of household waste is returned back to production. And in Russia, the system for collecting recyclable materials is still at the initial stage of development. For many entrepreneurs, this is a good chance to open their own profitable business with minimal investment.
Any waste recycling is impossible without sorting. At the same time, a significant part of recyclable materials loses their properties when mixed in a common container - for example, paper becomes damp and rots. Therefore, it is so important to take care of the correct sorting of waste at the collection stage. This will make it possible to reuse up to 60-80% of the solid waste composition.
Collection. Those who have just entered the waste business are advised to start by organizing the collection of secondary raw materials. This will require about a million rubles. For this money you can purchase several containers - each for a specific type of waste, obtain permission from the municipality and rent a small area for containers. All that remains is to find a buyer for the recyclables. Many processing companies have their own special equipment, so you do not need to purchase expensive equipment.
Within a month, the following can be sorted from the garbage:
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7-8 tons of waste paper (cardboard boxes, packaging paper). The cost of one ton is up to 1,500 rubles;
900-1000 kg of polymers (film, fruit boxes). The cost of one ton is up to 9,000 rubles;
150-200 kg of plastic bottles and aluminum cans. The cost of one ton is up to 15,000 rubles.
Sorting. If you want to open a waste sorting company, you will need more investment. The most minimal set of equipment consists of a sorting line, a storage hopper, a crusher, a magnet and a press. All equipment is expensive and requires an investment of about 4 million rubles. This is how much the most budget equipment will cost.
It should be noted that almost all work in the sorting room is done manually, so a medium-sized sorting plant will require at least 5 workers. And this costs at least another 100 thousand rubles. per month.
Also, for the sorting workshop you will need a room with an area of at least 300 sq.m. The cost of renting a production facility with such an area will be about 50 thousand rubles. per month.
If you add the costs of obtaining permits, organizing and running a business for sorting raw materials will cost approximately 4.5 million rubles. initial investments and monthly costs of at least 250 thousand rubles.
A medium capacity sorting shop is capable of producing 15-20 tons of products per month. The cost per ton depends on the type of waste. The average income of a sorting shop varies between 100-150 thousand rubles.
Supply of raw materials. If you are planning only a sorting facility, you will have to take care of the waste supply. To do this, the easiest way is to conclude agreements with the head of local landfills, representatives of container collection points and plastic waste. In addition, local supermarkets, which throw away a lot of cardboard and plastic boxes, paper, etc., can become reliable suppliers of raw materials.
Peculiarities. Sorting can be organized in the form of buying individual species waste (sorting at the collection stage). We are talking about accepting glass containers, waste paper, and plastic waste. This form less profitable, but does not require large investments. Such a business can be opened with 50-100 thousand rubles. To do this, you just need to find a small area where the waste collection point will be located.
Pros and cons. The demand for waste collection and sorting is quite high. Therefore, when starting such a business, you can be sure that your services will be in demand. But the disadvantage of business is the significant costs of expensive equipment. To open a sorting workshop, you will need to purchase expensive equipment and find specialists who can work with it. For example, the cost of organizing separate waste collection in St. Petersburg costs 1.5 billion rubles. Although in this segment there is an opportunity to spend a minimum to open your own business. A small stall that accepts a certain type of waste is also a garbage business, but the profits here are much more modest.
How much can you earn from collecting and sorting waste? The amount of profit depends on the quality of the raw materials. If you sell recyclables compressed, the price will be higher. A small stall that accepts glass containers, for example, can earn 30-50 thousand rubles a month. And your own sorting shop can bring in about 200 thousand rubles. net profit for the month.
Starter kit. For the sorting shop you will need: about 4.5 million rubles. investments, premises, equipment, staff of workers. To organize a waste collection point, you need starting capital in the amount of 50-100 thousand rubles. and renting a small retail space to house the item.
Option 3: Recycling
The most complex process This segment is waste recycling. Recycling is anything that turns waste into something useful: energy, new raw materials, fertilizers, etc.
The waste recycling business brings not only economic benefits to its owner, but also benefits for the environment and society. That is why the topic of waste recycling is spreading so actively, being of interest to investors.
With the advent of new technologies in waste processing, it has become possible not only to recycle solid waste, but also to create recyclable materials from it. By opening a waste recycling business, you can improve ecological state cities, and also make good money from it.
This area is constantly evolving, and today there are several directions and methods for recycling waste. Before planning the creation of a plant, you need to decide which method will be used: composting, briquetting, pyrolysis, pressing, etc.
The income of your business will depend on what type of waste it can accept and process. Experienced entrepreneurs in this field admit that it is most profitable to deal with paper and plastic. Processing of this raw material is considered the most profitable (50-70%).
Stages of opening a waste processing plant:
Decide what type of waste your company will work with;
Enlist the support of the regional leadership and local authorities;
Register the enterprise, obtain all necessary permits and licenses;
Obtain a plot of land for a plant and landfill for the storage (disposal) of solid waste;
Obtain technical conditions for connecting to communications;
Build buildings in which production will be located;
Purchase equipment, install and configure it;
Train personnel to operate the equipment;
Find suppliers of raw materials;
Find buyers for finished secondary products of the plant.
Room. A waste processing plant requires a spacious room. Its minimum size is 500 sq.m. Of these, 300 sq.m. is for the processing workshop, and 200 sq.m. for the warehouse. In addition, you need to have about 100 sq.m. for administrative premises. The office can be located both on the production site and outside it.
Important nuance: workshops located near the city landfill can reduce the cost of delivering raw materials and renting premises.
Convenient access of freight transport to the territory
Asphalt or concrete flooring
Floor height of at least 7 m
Availability of water supply (at least 3 cubic meters/hour) and industrial sewerage
Availability of heating that maintains winter time temperature not lower than +21C
Power supply designed for power consumption up to 300 kW
Availability or possibility of industrial ventilation equipment
Multiple gates available large size for the passage of freight vehicles.
Possibility of installing special equipment
Such premises are quite easily rented out by the owners or sold. An important nuance: since the placement of technological equipment will require quite serious preparation of the site, it is advisable to enter into a long-term lease agreement (lasting 3-5 years).
You will have to spend about 150 thousand rubles per month on renting premises.
Equipment. The production area can accommodate:
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front loader.
storage bunker;
crusher;
It is necessary to take into account that for each type of equipment there is additional equipment, which is also not cheap. Therefore, plan your spending budget with reserve. Also, for processing certain types of waste, specific equipment will be required. You can save money by purchasing used equipment. Domestic options are considered the most affordable and functional.
The table shows the approximate amount of equipment costs. Don't forget that you need to add the cost of installation to this.
Cost of equipment for a waste processing plant
Process. To plan production, you need to clearly understand the entire technological process. It includes the following steps:
acquisition of raw materials for processing;
processing of secondary raw materials and pressing of waste that does not meet production requirements;
sale of secondary raw materials and disposal of pressed briquettes.
Since the equipment necessary for collecting and sorting waste is very expensive, it is possible to concentrate the work of the workshop only on processing, and purchase already prepared raw materials.
Raw materials. To ensure your production has an uninterrupted supply of waste, plan your deliveries in advance. Here, the location of the enterprise in close proximity to the city landfill is another advantage. You can agree on the supply of recyclable materials with local waste collection companies, housing and communal services, owners of city landfills, waste collection points, etc. It is cheaper and more profitable to enter into an agreement with large waste collection companies or municipal utility organizations. You can also consider the prospect of opening your own recycling collection points. This will save on the purchase of raw materials.
As a rule, small factories buy recycled plastic at a price of 14,000 to 18,000 rubles, then process it into special granules and sell it for 30,000 rubles per ton.
It is better to organize the delivery of raw materials to production using your own fleet of vehicles, but this will also increase the size of the initial investment.
What kind of garbage to work with?. This issue needs to be resolved at the initial stage of project planning, because the list of equipment, the nuances of processing, and the customer base depend on the selected type of waste.
The most profitable waste for recycling:
Tires for car wheels. The technology for their processing is carried out using pyrolysis or depolymerization. It occurs as a process of rubber decomposition into steel cord, gas, carbon and synthetic oil. These decomposition products are sought-after raw materials;
Construction waste: wood, metal, concrete, brick, etc.. For high-quality processing This type of waste requires automatic waste sorting. Further processing produces recycled crushed stone, metal shavings and other types of recyclable materials. Most of the recycling goes into the production of building materials;
Waste paper– processed into toilet paper, soft roofing, cardboard. Modern technologies make it possible to produce waste-free processing paper waste. During this process, a large amount of thermal energy is generated, which can be converted into electrical energy and used to service production;
Batteries as a type of waste for recycling, it appeared recently, but has become a fairly popular business. The difficulty with this type of waste is that there is no specialized collection of batteries; they, as a rule, go in the general waste stream. Therefore, if you decide to recycle batteries, we recommend organizing your own waste collection point.
Wood waste– a fairly common and profitable type of garbage business. Here the most promising and cost-effective is recycling wood waste into fuel briquettes and pellets;
Glass waste– bottles and other glass containers. Large volumes of this type of waste require your own collection point for glass containers, as well as supplies of scrap from canneries. Glass factories and ceramics factories can sell processed raw materials;
Plastic waste are also quite profitable for processing and sale as recyclable materials. To organize a mini-workshop, 700 thousand rubles will be enough for equipment. Full-fledged production will cost several million.
Client base. An important stage in the operation of waste recycling production is the stable sale of finished products. You must enter into long-term contracts in advance for the supply of processed raw materials. Thanks to a timely solution to this problem, you can quickly achieve a decent profit and recoup the initial investment. Otherwise, the business will be unprofitable, since profit depends on sales volumes.
The main consumers of waste recycling plant products are: industrial enterprises producing toilet paper and cardboard; farms; ceramic and glass factories; polymer production plants, etc. For example, when processing electronic waste, metals such as iron, copper, and aluminum are formed - these raw materials can be sold to wholesale buyers of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Compost is obtained from paper waste, which is used as soil fertilizer and can be sold to farms.
Staff. To work in production, trained personnel trained according to a special program are required. Staffing table must include at least 10 workers, a manager, an accountant and a vehicle driver.
Labor market research shows that meeting the enterprise's labor needs for the above-mentioned vacancies will not be a problem, since supply currently exceeds demand.
Expenses. The initial costs of opening a waste processing plant average 5 million rubles. In addition to equipment, you will have to spend money on obtaining permits and other bureaucratic procedures, as well as on renting premises.
But in addition to millions of investments at the start, a waste processing plant requires up to 900 thousand rubles. monthly. This amount also includes wages employees, and payment of consumed power, and rent of premises, and payment of taxes. Also, when drawing up a business plan, it is worth remembering this type of expense such as equipment depreciation.
Considering the large start-up costs, the payback period for the project is 2-4 years. The practice of the waste recycling business shows that in this area, payback within 5 years is a completely normal indicator.
One of the wise men once said a long time ago that you can make money even from what lies under your feet.
Modern practice confirms his words. Waste recycling is a very profitable business, and the following indicators confirm this fact:
- Processing companies are not that common, and there is plenty of raw material.
- The entrepreneur has the opportunity to take organized various types garbage.
- High profitability is ensured by the possibility of recycling waste and turning it into secondary raw materials.
The relevance of this business can be seen in almost every aspect, starting with the fact that it has a positive effect on ecological situation, and ending with the result giving greater profit to the owner.
The positive aspects include:
- support from local authorities (this area is very poorly funded, and the local administration is obliged to ensure cleanliness, therefore, you can safely count on support for such an idea and help with finding industrial premises);
- unlimited volume of production raw materials;
- if it is not possible to get involved with the expensive and labor-intensive process of creating a waste processing plant, then you can limit yourself to building a workshop, which will cost several times less and will bring decent profits.
Despite the many positive aspects, entrepreneurs may also have some problems related to the delivery and sorting of waste. The correct approach to these issues will certainly lead you to an adequate solution.
An interesting story about this field of activity in Russian conditions is in the following video:
What kind of waste can you deal with and what is most profitable?
So, let's look at the most common options:
- Car tires. The most promising and profitable method of processing this variety is called pyrolysis (depolymerization), which consists in the decomposition of rubber:
- on carbon;
- for gas;
- for steel cord, which is an excellent raw material for the metallurgical industry;
- for synthetic oil.
Each of these products is a sought-after raw material, and if sales are organized correctly, the result can be high profitability.
- Construction waste usually consists of concrete, brick, wood and metal. After careful sorting, you can, for example, begin processing concrete, which includes crushing and parallel extraction of metal particles from it. As a result, it is possible to obtain secondary crushed stone used in construction. In world practice, it is now increasingly common to dismantle buildings and sort construction waste, about 80% of which can be reused.
- Recycling broken glass involves reusing non-standard and broken bottles that would otherwise end up in a landfill. Broken glass You can take it directly from production or organize your own glass container collection point or your own waste sorting line. Glass manufacturers will be happy to buy recycled raw materials, since such material can be melted at a lower cost. low temperatures than those required by the glass manufacturing process. Also, this secondary raw material is in great demand among manufacturers of abrasives, ceramic products, tiles and bricks.
- Used paper. The process of processing simple (so-called wet) waste paper involves:
- dissolving paper in water using a thinner;
- removing all foreign objects from it with a cyclone cleaner;
- thermomechanical treatment, if we are talking about cardboard;
- fine purification of the mixture (filtration).
Recycled paper can be used to make packaging board, toilet paper or roofing material.
Necessary documents for business registration
Legal recycling of solid household waste involves obtaining a license from the Ministry of Ecology. The Law “On Environmental Expertise” regulates the obligation of each entity that decides to collect and process waste to conduct an environmental assessment. This conclusion can be used throughout the entire life of the company (the approximate cost of this document is 5,500 rubles).
The entrepreneur must obtain permits from services such as fire, sanitary, and also stock up on project documentation that will describe all technological processes future waste recycling organization. The total period for collecting and confirming documentation varies from 2 to 4 months, and the cost is approximately 24,000 rubles.
Where to get garbage?
The average trash can contains:
- 50% polymers: polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene;
- 25% food waste;
- 10% paper and cardboard;
- 15-20% rubber, metal, textiles.
All in all, household waste at least 60% recyclable. But this is only from a theoretical point of view, since separate collection of solid waste, generally accepted in many European countries, seems to us only a distant prospect. And unseparated waste sent to a modern recycling line can only give a result of 25%.
The most the best option is the installation of special mobile installations for processing. They can be manual or automated, and their cost ranges from several hundred thousand to several million dollars.
There is another option: entering into an agreement with a local landfill or collection point for glass or plastic containers. Then the problem of sorting will disappear by itself: production will be provided with ready-made and sorted waste at a price of up to 5 rubles/kg.
Efficient production organization
Suitable premises are a very important stage, because for waste processing production you need at least 600 m2, for a processing workshop - 300-400 m2, and for a warehouse - 200 m2. In addition to buildings and structures for industrial purposes, it is necessary to allocate space for administrative premises, which can be located both on the production site and outside it. By the way, workshops located next to the city landfill will help reduce costs both for the delivery of raw materials and for renting premises.
The minimum equipment package should include:
- sorting line;
- storage bunker;
- crusher;
- magnet;
- bake.
Additional equipment is a melting furnace, but it is worth considering that it will significantly increase the cost side of the project.
Domestic equipment is considered the most affordable and functional.
Staff
It is impossible to recycle household waste without using manual labor. In order to carry out sorting, selection, calibration and many other production steps, it is necessary staff from 20 to 40 people(it all depends on production volumes).
In addition, high-quality functioning of the enterprise is impossible without accountant, driver, manager and cleaner.
Sales channels for finished products
The final result directly depends on the raw materials used:
- from toxic waste, For example, mercury lamps, you can get a lot of industrial and building materials;
- compost can be made from plant waste, which serves as an excellent soil fertilizer;
- from electronic waste (picture tubes, electrical appliances) - iron, copper, aluminum and glass;
- from paper - secondary raw materials, from which new materials are subsequently formed.
And the main consumers of waste processing services and materials will be:
- enterprises whose activities are related to one or another final product - cellulose, wood, glass;
- industrial and individual consumers in need of secondary raw materials.
About costs and future profits
Waste recycling is sufficient profitable business even against the backdrop of the amount of funds required for its organization. This type of business will pay for itself very quickly (1.5-2 years) if sales are well established. Experts, based on their own observations, claim that The level of profitability of waste recycling production ranges from 42 to 80%, because this market segment is practically not subject to competition.
Based on the practice of existing enterprises, you can work with the following statistical data:
- One shift can process 3 tons of waste paper, 1.5 tons polymer waste or 250 kg of plastic raw materials.
- One ton of any raw material costs on average from 9,000 to 45,000 rubles.
- Consequently, the average monthly profit of such an enterprise can range from 150,000 to 3,300,000 rubles.
A huge universal complex for processing any type of waste (wood, plastic, metal, paper or glass) will cost a huge amount of money. Experts claim that the amount will exceed the $20 million mark.
But even a modest enterprise has the opportunity to bring a decent profit. Setting up a workshop specializing in one type of waste will cost from 50 to 300 thousand dollars. Arrangement of warehouse and production premises in accordance with fire safety and sanitary requirements- another 2-3 thousand. And the crusher, sorting line and the rest necessary equipment will require 50-70 thousand dollars.
In general, the business of receiving and processing waste is very relevant. The size of the initial investment is of course higher than that of or, but the amount of profit will also please you at the very beginning.