Artistic features of Bunin's love lyrics. Bunin's lyrics: main themes and motives
Literature lesson in 11th grade.
Topic: “Lyrics of I. A. Bunin.” Slide 1.
Goals and objectives: to familiarize students with the poetic world of I. A. Bunin, to identify the main themes of his poetry, features of the poetics of poems, to improve skills in analyzing lyrical text . (Slide 2)
Slide 3.Epigraph:
“I'm looking for combinations in this world
Beautiful and eternal. In the distance
I see the night: sands among silence
And starlight over the darkness of the earth.”
I. Bunin
Teacher's opening speech. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is an outstanding Russian writer who became famous as a prose writer. But Ivan Alekseevich began his literary life with poetry and entered the wonderful galaxy of poets of the Silver Age.
“I am still... first of all a poet. A poet! And only then a prose writer,” said I. A. Bunin.
I.A. Bunin did not join any of the literary movements. In the poetry of the Silver Age, his name stands alone. In general, he was very skeptical about literary delights and innovations, believing that the formalistic sophistication of the Symbolists, Acmeists and Futurists had little correlation with poetry.
Slide 4. I. A. Bunin’s poems are unique. This is more rhymed, organized prose than poetry in its classical form. But it is precisely their novelty and freshness that attracts readers. (The poem “Asters are crumbling in the gardens” sounds).
Slide 5. “Against the background of Russian modernism, Bunin’s poetry stands out as good old stuff,”- wroteYu. Aikhenvald . Bunin's poetry clearly traces the traditions of Russian poets, his predecessors, primarily Pushkin, Tyutchev and Fet.
Slide 6. Bunin is a faithful keeper of the Pushkin tradition. For him thoughts are relatedPushkin that true poetry lies in the simplicity and naturalness of real feelings, phenomena, moods. Both poets reflect in their poems the existing harmony between man and nature.
Slide 7. LikeTyutcheva , Bunin is attracted to nature in its catastrophic states, in the struggle of elemental, light and dark forces.
Bunin also perceives nature holistically, as a living organism in constant motion. Poets are inexorably drawn to the sky. That is why they so value the moment, which gives them a brief but unconditional participation in the infinite.
Slide 8. The desire to express the “inexpressible” through an instant lyrical flash, to inspire the reader with a mood that has gripped him is one of the fundamental properties of poetryFeta , which was continued by Bunin's poetry. He, like Fet, literally “stops the moment,” but contains the whole world in it in its objective and sensory richness.
New material. MAIN THEMES OF I.A. BUNIN'S LYRICS.
Landscape lyrics.
Message learning. Landscape lyrics are characteristic of I. Bunin’s poetry at the turn of the century and are predominant in all of his work.
Bunin's first poem was published when he was only seventeen; four years later the first collection of poems was published, but fame came to him only ten years after the release of the collection“Leaf fall” V1901 year, awarded the Pushkin Prize of the Academy of Sciences.
In landscape lyrics, the difference between Bunin and the poetry of the Symbolists is most noticeable.
Where the symbolist saw in nature “signs” of a different, higher reality, Bunin sought to objectively reproduce the reality he idolized. Hence the picturesque accuracy and sophistication of Bunin’s sketches. It is I. Bunin’s landscape lyrics that are largely characterized by an abundance of color effects, as well as an amazing fullness of sound effects.
Slide 9. Reading an excerpt from the poem “Falling Leaves.”
The forest is like a painted tower,
Lilac, gold, crimson,
A cheerful, motley wall
Standing above a bright clearing.
Birches with yellow carvings
Glisten in the blue azure,
Like towers, the fir trees are darkening,
And between the maples they turn blue
Here and there through the foliage
Clearances in the sky, like a window.
The forest smells of oak and pine,
Over the summer it dried out from the sun,
And Autumn is a quiet widow
Enters his colorful mansion
Today in an empty clearing,
Among the wide yard,
Air web fabric
They shine like a silver net.
Plays all day today
The last moth in the yard
And, like a white petal,
Freezes on the web,
Warmed by the warmth of the sun;
It's so light all around today,
Such dead silence
In the forest and in the blue heights,
What is possible in this silence
Hear the rustle of a leaf.
Analysis.
Find paths that help the poet create a color effect (color painting).
Find an olfactory image . (The forest smells of oak and pine).
Hear... rustling).
Teacher's word. True to the traditions of the realistic landscape of the 19th century, I. Bunin at the same time emphasizes the self-sufficiency and independence of nature from man. The poet experiences the loneliness of man among nature and the loneliness of nature without man, the “blissful melancholy” of the desert.
Bunin's poems are lyrical and contemplative pictures of nature, created using fine details, light colors, and halftones. Their main intonation is sadness, sadness, but this sadness is “light”, cleansing.
The night has turned pale and the moon is setting
Across the river with a red sickle.
The sleepy fog in the meadows turns silver,
The black reeds are damp and smoking,
The wind rustles the reeds.
Quiet in the village. There is a lamp in the chapel
It fades, wearily burning.
In the tremulous twilight of a chilled garden
Coolness flows from the steppe in waves -
The dawn is slowly dawning.
I. Bunin prefers to describe nature at the “borderline” time of day: evening, foggy morning...
Slide 10. Poem"Evening" written in the genre of a classic sonnet. Shakespeare and Pushkin wrote sonnets about love, philosophical sonnets. Bunin’s sonnet glorifies the world of man and the world of nature.
We always only remember about happiness.
And happiness is everywhere. Maybe it's
This autumn garden behind the barn
And clean air flowing through the window.
In the bottomless sky with a light, clean cut
The cloud rises and shines. For a long time
I keep an eye on him... We see and know little.
And happiness is given only to those who know.
The window is open. She squeaked and sat down
There's a bird on the windowsill. And from books
I look away from my tired gaze for a moment.
The day is getting dark, the sky is empty,
The hum of a threshing machine is heard on the threshing floor.
I see, I hear, I am happy. Everything is in me.
How do you understand the last phrase - “Everything is in me”?
(Everything in a person: kindness and malice, love and discovery, heaven and hell. “Everything is in me” truly speaks for itself. What an abyss of wisdom is contained in this phrase! The volume and depth of meaning makes it similar to biblical wisdom: “The Kingdom of God is within you").
Let's think about the questions:
1. Determine the theme of the poem. What does it have in common with the poem “And flowers, and bumblebees, and grass, and ears of corn...”?
2. What images in the poem surprised you and why?
3. How is the sense of time and space conveyed in the poem?
4. Name emotionally charged epithets.
5. Explain the meaning of the line: “I see, I hear, I’m happy...”
Teacher's word. Bunin's landscape is truthful, subtle and beautiful, as no symbolist has ever dreamed of. In Ivan Alekseevich's poems we do not see the personality of the author. From his poetry he excludes the main component of lyricism - “I”. This is the main reasonthe fact that Bunin was reproached for coldness. But this is not coldness, but rather chastity.
It came before sunset
There is a cloud above the forest - and suddenly
A rainbow fell on the hill
And everything around sparkled.
Glass, rare and vigorous,
Hastening with a cheerful rustle,
The rain rushed by and the forest was green
I calmed down, breathing in the cool air.
Slide 11. In Bunin’s poems there is no theme of the city and echoes of social struggle. He hurries to take the reader into the field, into the forest, or admires the surf, or reflects on the bustle of life. The lines of Bunin's poetry are simple and heartfelt.
"Wildflowers"
In the glare of lights, behind mirrored glass,
Expensive flowers bloom luxuriantly,
Their subtle scents are tender and sweet,
The leaves and stems are full of beauty.
They were carefully raised in greenhouses,
They were brought from across the blue seas;
They are not afraid of cold snowstorms,
Stormy thunderstorms and fresh nights...
There are humble ones in the fields of my homeland
Sisters and brothers of overseas flowers:
The fragrant spring has increased them
In the greenery of May forests and meadows.
They don’t see mirrored greenhouses,
And the expanse of the sky is blue,
They don't see lights, but a mysterious
Eternal constellations pattern golden.
They emanate a bashful beauty,
They are dear to the heart and eyes
And they talk about long-forgotten
Bright days.
Russia theme .
Message learning. The theme of Russia is clearly expressed throughout the poet’s entire work. It reflected Bunin’s nostalgia and philosophy. He sought to read and unravel the hidden laws of the nation, which, in his opinion, are eternal. Legends, traditions, parables (folk wisdom) become poems. Like many other themes in the lyrics, the theme of the Motherland is revealed using elements of the landscape. The poet connected together the image of nature and homeland. For him, the nature of Russia is the steppes of the Oryol region, where the writer was born and raised...
Slide 12. “To the Motherland” is a poem that represents one of the leading themes in Bunin’s poetry – the theme of Russia.
They mock you
They, O Motherland, reproach
You with your simplicity,
The miserable look of the black huts...
So son, calm and impudent,
Ashamed of his mother -
Tired, timid and sad
Among his city friends,
Looks with a smile of compassion
To the one who wandered hundreds of miles
And for him, on the date of the date,
She saved her last penny.
Analysis.
What epithets does Bunin characterize his Motherland? ( "tired, timid and
sad").
What is the poet’s attitude towards his homeland? ( The poet does not idealize the image of the Motherland; on the contrary, he clearly sees all its problems. The homeland is poor, hungry, but loved.)
Find a metaphor, determine its role. ( The metaphor “Motherland” - an old woman wandering along a dusty road, a mother going to her morally sick child - is one of the most poignant and piercing images.)
Slide 13.Determine the theme and idea of the poem “The Bird Has a Nest.”
The bird has a nest, the beast has a hole.
How bitter it was for the young heart,
When I left my father's yard,
Say goodbye to your home!
The beast has a hole, the bird has a nest.
How the heart beats, sadly and loudly,
When I enter, being baptized, into someone else's rented house
With his already old knapsack!
(The theme of homelessness, foreign land and homesickness.
The idea is that isolation from one’s homeland makes a person suffer, fills his soul with bitterness, pain, loneliness.)
Philosophical lyrics
Message learning. The turn to philosophical lyrics occurs after the first Russian revolution (1906-1911). The most important motive of the poet’s lyrics is the superiority of natural existence over social life. Bunin is a great lover of life. Love for him is a sacred feeling, a state of his soul. Life for Bunin is a journey through memories. The special atmosphere of Bunin's philosophical poems is an atmosphere of silence. Noise and bustle distract from the main thing - from spiritual life. Bunin's lyrical hero experiences his loneliness hard; in poems, the lyrical hero tries to comprehend the transience of human life and time.
Slide 14.
The day will come when I will disappear,
And this room is empty
Everything will be the same: table, bench
Yes, the image is ancient and simple.
And it will fly in the same way
Colored butterfly in silk,
Flutter, rustle and flutter
On the blue ceiling.
And so will the bottom of the sky
Look out the open window
And the sea is smooth blue
Beckon you into your deserted space.
What is the theme and idea of the poem?
(Topic: poem about the inevitability of death. Idea:death is not the end at all, not a catastrophe: even if a person disappears, the whole World will exist, just as eternal and beautiful.
What emotions does it evoke? (Emotions: sadness and hope.)
Determine the role of the butterfly image. (The role of the image of a butterfly: the image of a butterfly represents an endless series of life cycles, the birth of new people who will live and work after (the cycle of life and death (Buddhist motif).
Slide 15 (audio). Bunin learned from Tyutchev how to transform abstract thought into an artistic image, in which he reflected philosophical motives in everyday correspondences. From his teacher, Bunin picked up a related idea about man’s isolation within himself.
.
...Why and what to talk about?
With all my soul, with love, with dreams,
Try to open my whole heart -
And what? - in just words!
And at least in human words
It wasn't all that clichéd!
You won’t find meaning in them,
Their meaning has been forgotten!
And who should I tell?
With even a sincere desire
No one will be able to understand
All the power of someone else's suffering!
Slide 16. Bunin’s poetry is stylistically restrained, precise, and harmonious. The poet is alien to the search for something new. His poetry is traditional, he is a follower of Russian classics. Bunin is a subtle lyricist, an excellent connoisseur of the Russian language.
And flowers, and bumblebees, and grass, and ears of corn,
And the azure, and the midday heat...
The time will come - the Lord will ask the prodigal son:
“Were you happy in your earthly life?”
And I’ll forget everything - I’ll only remember these
Field paths between ears and grasses -
And from sweet tears I won’t have time to answer,
Falling to the merciful knees.
(Ivan Bunin, 1918)
How is the philosophical problem of human happiness solved in this poem by I.A. Bunin?
(Happiness, according to Bunin, is in communication with nature, in harmony with it, in the pleasure of seeing the azure sky, wildflowers, emerald grass, golden ears...
Happiness is simply walking along field paths “between the ears of grain and grass.”
Happiness is in the blissful silence of the field, in the aroma of ripe ears of corn and haymaking, in the midday heat, in the whisper of the breeze...)
What do you hear in the polysyndeton (multi-conjunction) at the beginning of the poem?
(Polyunion conveys the flood of feelings of the lyrical hero. It seems that he will non-stop, excitedly list everything that brings joy, gives pleasure, peace of mind, gives happiness.)
Do you believe that the lyrical hero was happy in “earthly life”? Why?
(The sincerity of his feelings is not conveyed in words, his feelings overwhelm him:
And I won’t have time to answer because of sweet words,
Falling to the merciful knees.
)
The poem is permeated by a feeling of beauty, a feeling of happiness... What other feeling have we not talked about?
(About the feeling of gratitude to the Creator.
When a person’s life has a lot of problems, suffering, when there is no peace, no wealth, no mutual love, when you are lonely and it seems to you that you are the most unhappy person on earth, you begin to grumble or, even worse, curse this difficult earthly life.. Remember that you have priceless riches - air, land, water, sky, forests, lakes, sea, steppe, field, river... Remember what peace of mind and tranquility the sound of the sea surf, birdsong, the light of a strawberry meadow bring. , rustle of golden ears.
A person who loves nature and understands its beauty is a happy person.)
Theme of the poet and poetry.
Teacher's word. Like any poet, I. Bunin tried to comprehend his purpose, the role of the creator, the essence of poetry. His programmatic poem on this topic is the lyrical work “To the Poet” - the code of his poetic honor. Bunin’s muse is nature, which is why he writes more about it, and the theme of the poet and poetry is not widely embodied in Bunin’s lyrical works.
Slide 17."To the Poet"
In deep wells the water is cold,
And the colder it is, the cleaner it is.
A careless shepherd drinks from a puddle
And in a puddle he waters his flock,
But the good one will lower the tub into the well,
He will tie rope to rope tighter.
A priceless diamond dropped in the night
A slave searches by the light of a penny candle,
But he watches vigilantly along the dusty roads,
He holds a dry palm like a ladle,
Shielding the fire from wind and darkness -
And know: he will return to the palace with the diamond.
What does Bunin call the poet to?
Love lyrics.
Teacher's word. The theme of love is less prominent in the lyrics. In it, the author avoids deliberately beautiful phrases.
I entered her at midnight.
She was sleeping - the moon was shining
In her window - and blankets
The lowered atlas glowed.
She was lying on her back
Naked, bifurcated breasts, -
And quietly, like water in a vessel,
Her life was like a dream.
Reading a poem by heart:
Slide 18.
I'm a simple girl on the bashtan,
He is a fisherman and a cheerful person.
The white sail on the Estuary is sinking,
He saw a lot of seas and rivers.
They say Greek women are on the Bosphorus
Good... And I’m black and thin.
The white sail is drowning in the sea -
Maybe he will never return!
I will wait in bad weather, in bad weather...
I can’t wait, I’ll lose my mind,
I'll go out to the sea and throw the ring into the water
And I’ll hang myself with a black scythe.
How is this poem different from others you have read before? What emotions did it evoke?
I. Bunin’s intimate lyrics are tragic; they contain a protest against the imperfections of the world. Once again in love lyrics one encounters the motif of loneliness, so characteristic of all of Bunin’s poetics. The lyrical hero breaks up with his beloved, experiencing a tragic feeling and continuing to love. The theme of love, which was not widely embodied in Bunin’s poetry, was continued by him in prose.
Slide 19."Loneliness" (audio).
Slides 20 - 21.Questions for writing an essay - analyzing a poem "Loneliness".
How does the theme of the poem “Loneliness” reflect the author’s social position?
What form does I. Bunin choose for his poem? How does this reflect the author's intent?
Drawing a parallel between nature and the hero, determine the nature of the relationship between them.
How do syntactic and lexical means help the poet express the hero’s inner state?
Observe the trails and determine the reason for their stinginess.
What is interesting about the rhyme of the poem, how is it related to the form?
How does the emotional structure of the poem change from the beginning of the poem to the end?
What combination of poetic meters is present in the poem? What does the author achieve through this?
Prove that the genre of the poem is elegy. Which verses most clearly emphasize this?
Find the punch lines. How do they reflect the main idea of the poem?
What function do verbs perform?
What is original about the ending of the poem? What trope is present here and how does this characterize the lyrical hero?
Homework: write an essay “Analysis of A. A. Bunin’s poem “Loneliness.”
Slide 22. Consolidation. Determine the features of the poetics of Bunin's poems.
(1.preservation of the traditions of poetry by masters of the 19th century.
2.clarity and “accuracy” of the selection of epithets
3.simplicity and naturalness of poetic language
4.techniques:
sound recording
color painting
oxymoron
“three epithets” - a technique for selecting three consecutive epithets that sufficiently fully characterize the image
personification
metaphor
high vocabulary of biblical quotes (for philosophical lyrics)
5.existential motives).
Slide 23.Conclusion.
Reading poems by I.A. Bunin, we inhale the “faded aroma of aspen trees”, feel the “cool breath of the meadows”, “the fragrance of the garden”, “the fragrant languor of hay”... We rejoice at meeting a timid flock of pigeons, “sparkling with snowy whiteness”...
In the world of his poetry, “nightingales sing all night”, “orioles chatter carelessly”...
And we will certainly hear “the hum of a thresher on the threshing floor”, “the sound of a roller and an ax, the noise of a mill”...
Happiness, according to Bunin, is complete merging with nature, it is peaceful work on one’s native generous land. He considered himself one of the happy ones, because “happiness is given only to those who know.”
Bunin's poetry teaches you to see, hear, understand, love the world, life, native land, its beauty - and be happy
The poetry of I. Bunin is “a spring, alive and sonorous”, “living water”...
Resources used:
1.I. A. Bunin - Poems
2. Aikhenvald Yu. I. « Ivan Bunin"
- New!
The theme of criticism of bourgeois reality is reflected in Bunin's work. One of the best works on this topic can rightfully be called the story “Mr. from San Francisco,” which was highly appreciated by V. Korolenko. The idea to write this story came...
- New!
The story “The Gentleman from San Francisco” was written by I. A. Bunin in 1915, at the height of the world war, in which the criminal and inhuman essence of the bourgeois world was especially clearly revealed. This is probably Bunin's only story in which there is enough...
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is called “the last classic.” And this is not surprising. In his works he shows us the whole range of problems of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. The work of this great writer has always evoked and continues to evoke a response in human...
In the story “Mr. from San Francisco,” Bunin criticizes bourgeois reality. This story is symbolic already by its title. This symbolism is embodied in the image of the main character, who is a collective image of the American bourgeois, a man...
Star, igniting the firmament. Suddenly, for a single moment, the Star flies, not believing in its death, in its last fall. I. A. Bunin The subtle lyricist and psychologist - Ivan Alekseevich Bunin in the story “The Gentleman from San Francisco” seems to deviate from the laws...
The theme of nature is one of the main themes in the early works of I.A. Bunina. In his landscape lyrics, the poet captured the features of the nature of his beloved Oryol region. Many poems dedicated to nature evoke memories of the colorful paintings of I. Levitan (“The hollow water is raging…”, “Spring Tale”, “Russian Spring”). Bunin created many magnificent paintings of dim Russian nature, filled with love and admiration. Autumn, winter, spring, summer - in this endless cycle of time, in the joyful renewal of nature, Bunin draws impressions and colors for his poems. His landscapes are distinguished by amazing specificity and accuracy of descriptions:
In the gray rust, cornflowers are blooming, flax is visible turquoise, barley is turning silver, oats are turning freely green...
For landscape lyrics by I.A. Bunin is characterized by the spiritualization of natural phenomena: And spring in a green grove
Waiting for dawn, holding my breath,
He listens sensitively to the rustling of trees,
Looks vigilantly into the dark fields.
The personification of natural phenomena is complemented by capitalization: And Autumn is a quiet widow
Enters his motley mansion.
And motionless Night sits above the quiet sea: leaning on her knee, looking
On the boulders where the foam melts.
Almost all of the young poet’s poems are a tireless hymn to the beauty and harmony of natural life. One of the leitmotifs of Bunin's early poetry collections is the motif of the unity of the lyrical hero with the natural world. Poems written at the beginning of my creative journey are full of joyful acceptance of life and unity with nature:
Open your arms to me, nature, so that I can merge with your beauty! .
The poet’s unity with the natural world is also heard in his poem “The Thaw”: And, reveling in beauty,
Only in it breathing more fully and wider,
I know that everything alive in the world Lives in the same love with me.
The beauty of nature for Bunin is an eternal value, therefore the motive of beauty is also the leitmotif in landscape lyrics:
And the world is filled with beauty everywhere.
Now everything in it is dear and close to me: And the sparkle of spring beyond the blue seas,
And the northern meager fields... .
Man in Bunin’s poems appears not as a spectator of nature, but, as Tyutchev said, as a “thinking reed,” a part of nature:
No, it’s not the landscape that attracts me,
It’s not the colors that the greedy eye will notice, But what shines in these colors: Love and the joy of being.
The harmony of natural life always gives rise to a feeling of happiness in the soul of the lyrical hero: There is a rainbow... Have fun living
And it's fun to think about the sky,
About the sun, about ripening bread
And cherish simple happiness: Wandering around with an open head, Watching how the children scattered
There is golden sand in the gazebo...
There is no other happiness in the world.
The motif of happiness in many of Bunin's early poems is transformed into the idea of happiness. Thus, the lyrical hero of the poem “Evening,” reflecting, tries to understand what happiness is. It turns out that people do not notice happiness; they either dream about it or look for it in their memories. But the lyrical hero makes the discovery that “happiness is everywhere”: in the beauty of the autumn garden, in the bottomless sky with a shining white cloud, in the singing of birds. The feeling of the beauty and harmony of the surrounding nature leads the lyrical hero to the realization that people see and know too little, “and happiness is only given to those who know,” that happiness is in the human soul: “I see, I hear, I am happy. Everything is in me."
“A characteristic feature of many of Bunin’s pantheistic lyric poems is the motive of admiration for the Divine beauty and harmony of nature,” therefore the lines of Bunin’s poems sometimes sound like chants, such as the final part of the poem “In the Church,” in which an appeal to God sounds:
Your world is wonderful! He blossoms, he is warmed by you,
In your skies the eternal light of the sun shines,
Life-giving hymn to nature
Flows to the skies...
In it is your temple not made by hands, your great temple! .
The feeling of longing for happiness, harmony and unity with nature is a characteristic motif of Bunin’s landscape lyrics, which also develops in the lyrics of the 1900s. Thus, the lyrical hero of the poem “Childhood” experiences happiness from the memory of a child’s openness to nature. He is deeply attached to nature, which fills him with happiness. The poem conveys the beauty of nature in the smallest detail. She is completely imbued with power and grandeur. Bunin's lyrical hero is sensitive to every manifestation of nature. He notices everything, remembers everything, stores everything in his heart. Every, even fleeting, image of her is full of lasting meaning for him. The poem is permeated with motifs of warmth, light, joy, and a feeling of kinship with beautiful nature. The sunlight seemed to mix with the resin aroma and acquire its smell:
...And it seems that it’s not pine that smells,
And the heat and dryness of sunlight.
But the landscape that Bunin shows us is also a picture of his soul. Close communication with nature, understanding its life makes a person young and happy.
In his landscape lyricism, Bunin sought to capture colorful natural existence in all its completeness and diversity. Hence, in Bunin's poetry there is an abundance of epithets, personifications, metaphors, and maximum saturation of figurative detail.
Bibliography
1. Bunin I. A. Collected works: in 6 volumes. T.1. – M.: Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1987.
2. Kovaleva T.N. Modeling function of the beginning of the novel by I.A. Bunin “The Life of Arsenyev” (an experience in semiotic research of artistic time-space) // Bulletin of the Pyatigorsk State Linguistic University. – 2002. No. 1. – P.54-55.
3. Kovaleva T.N. “Everything was created by You...”: pantheistic lyrics by I.A. Bunina // University readings - 2016. Materials of scientific and methodological readings of PSLU. – Pyatigorsk: PSLU, 2016. – p. 35-39.
4. Kovaleva T.N. Types of artistic time and their role in the novel by I.A. Bunin “The Life of Arsenyev” // Problems of historical poetics. Vol. 14. 2016. – p. 354-376.
5. The space of the ocean (sea) and its symbolic potential in the story by I.A. Bunin “Chang’s Dreams” // Prospects for the development of modern humanities Sciences Collection of scientific papers based on the results of the international scientific and practical conference. 2016. pp. 15-18.
Was originally known as a poet. Precision, uniqueness - these qualities enter into landscape poetry and move it forward. Precision of the poetic word. Critics unanimously admired Bunin's unique gift for feeling the word, his mastery in the field of language. The poet drew many precise epithets and comparisons from works of folk art - both oral and written. K. Paustovsky greatly appreciated Bunin, saying that each of his lines was as clear as a string.
There were two prohibitions:
- ban on pathos
- ban on hierarchy
His lyrics are a collection of subtle thematic facets. In Bunin's poetry one can distinguish such thematic facets as poems about life, about the joy of earthly existence, poems about childhood and youth, about loneliness, and melancholy. That is, Bunin wrote about life, about man, about what touches a person. One of these facets is poems about the natural world and the human world. Poem "Evening" written in the genre of a classic sonnet.
Landscape is a touchstone in the depiction of reality. It is in this area that Bunin is especially persistent against the symbolists. For the Symbolist, nature is raw material that he processes.
A symbolist is the creator of his own landscape, which is always arranged as a panorama around him. Bunin is more humble and chaste: he wants to be a contemplator. He reverently steps aside, making every effort to reproduce the reality he idolizes as objectively as possible. He is most afraid of somehow accidentally “re-creating” her. But the symbolist, depicting not the world, but, in essence, himself, in each work achieves his goal immediately and completely. By narrowing the task, he expands his capabilities. There is no doubt that Bunin’s landscape is true, accurate, alive and magnificent in a way that no symbolist has ever dreamed of. But from Bunin, the multiplicity of phenomena requires the same multiplicity of reproductions, which is impossible. The quality of Bunin’s recreations in itself does not lead to the goal: it requires reinforcement by quantity, theoretically speaking, unlimited
Landscape lyrics occupy a leading place in Bunin's poetry. In it he reflected the signs of the nature of the Oryol region, which the poet passionately loved. Poems about nature are written in gentle, soft colors and resemble the picturesque landscapes of Levitan. A striking example of a verbal landscape is a poem "Russian Spring". The poem is remarkable for its observation and faithfulness in conveying light, smell, and color. "The full month is high..." Bunin's landscape lyrics are in the traditions of Russian classics (“Autumn”, “Autumn Landscape”, “In the Steppe”).
Bunin's early poems are full of a feeling of the joy of being, one's connectedness, oneness with nature. In a poem "Thaw" the harmony of the poet and the world is conveyed.
Bunin’s external description is not distinguished by bright colors, but is rich in internal content. Man is not an observer, a contemplator of nature, but, in the words of Tyutchev, a “thinking reed,” a part of nature.
Bunin is attracted not by the static, frozen state of the landscape, but by the eternal change of state. He knows how to capture the beauty of a single moment, the very state of transition.
Love for nature is inseparably linked with love for the homeland. This is not an open, declarative patriotism, but a lyrically colored feeling, poured out in descriptions of pictures of native nature. (“Motherland”, “Motherland”, “In the steppe”, cycle “Rus”).
In later poems, a characteristic feature of Bunin’s poetry clearly emerges: This longing for beauty and harmony, which are becoming less and less in the surrounding life. Images of the darkness of the night, the melancholy of autumn slush, the sadness of abandoned cemeteries are constant in poems, the theme of which is the ruin of noble nests, the death of noble estates.
Not only nature, but also ancient legends, myths, and religious traditions nourish Bunin’s poetry. In them Bunin sees the wisdom of centuries, finds the fundamental principles of the entire spiritual life of mankind ("Temple of the Sun", "Saturn" ),
Bunin's poetry has strong philosophical motives. Any picture - everyday, natural, psychological - is always included in the universal, in the universe. The poems are permeated with a sense of wonder at the eternal world and an understanding of the inevitability of one’s own death (“ Loneliness", "Rhythm").
Bunin's poems are short, laconic, lyrical miniatures. His poetry is restrained, as if “cold,” but this is a deceptive “coldness.” Rather, it is the absence of pathos, poses that outwardly express the “pathos of the soul”
9Prose of I. Bunin 1890-1900s. Artistic features of Bunin's short stories. Bunin's substantive depiction.
Ivan Alekseevich spent a lot of time reading the literature of foreign and domestic writers, whose work inspired the young poet, who was looking for his own style in this craft. He absolutely loved the poetic works of Nekrasov, Koltsov and Nikitin. The works of these authors openly poeticized the peasantry, which was very close in spirit to Bunin.
Already in the first creative works of the great writer and poet, an original manner, a unique writing style and intriguing themes that attracted the reader were visible. His lyrics were smart and calm, comparable to the sincere conversation of loved ones. Ivan Alekseevich's poems reflected the rich and subtle inner world of the young writer.
Critics admired the artistry and high technique observed in Bunin's lyrical works. The poet felt every word and beautifully conveyed his thoughts, masterfully honing each fragment of the poetic work.
The main lyrical motives of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin
Ivan Alekseevich's poetry cannot boast of particular diversity. But the poet did not need this. Most of his poems have themes related to nature. Some creations are dedicated to peasant life and civic motives. Much space was devoted to the theme of love and relationships.Landscape lyrics, written in soft and gentle colors, are clearly visible in the leading place. The poet loved the Oryol region very much, he was delighted with the picturesque views of natural nature, so in many of Bunin’s poems there is a flattering description of these wonderful places.
Bunin clearly followed the tradition of Russian classics, which can be seen in the bright and rich poem “Autumn Landscape”:
Autumn has come again
And only to her I listen,
The leaves are falling quietly,
Stroking the damp earth.
Autumn has come again -
Graying pale sunsets,
And the blue flower
Asks the stingy sun...
The wind is a dull flute
It sounds dejected in the branches,
The rain is hiding somewhere
Hiding it like a sieve blew.
People burn bonfires
Leaves, raking into heaps,
And the wind is catching up
There are thick clouds in the sky...
The sun broke through for a moment,
Warming the soul again,
As if goodbye forever -
It's sad to listen to nature...
And in the poem “The Full Moon Stands High,” the poet harmoniously conveyed observation and fidelity to his favorite theme:
In the skies above the misty land,
The pale light silvers the meadows,
Filled with white mist.
In the whiteout, in the wide meadows,
On deserted river banks
Only black dried reeds
Yes, you can distinguish the tops of the willow trees.
And the river is barely visible on its banks...
Somewhere a mill makes a dull noise...
The village is sleeping... The night is quiet and pale,
When reading this magnificent poem, a special motive is heard, and the work itself sounds like a calm and pleasant melody. Such masterpieces seem to merge the reader’s consciousness with real nature, and one feels a noble reunion and the insane joy of being...
The poem “The Thaw” has a special richness of internal content, conveying the unshakable harmony of the great poet with the beautiful nature of the surrounding world.
Ivan Alekseevich was always attracted by landscape rigidity and the state of transition from one static state to another. He knew how to capture individual moments of these changes and clearly conveyed what he saw in his lyrical poetry.
Love for nature was closely intertwined with a tender feeling and deep respect for one’s homeland. Bunin wrote several poems on patriotic themes, colored by a lyrical celebration of Russian nature.
The last years of his life, the great Russian writer and poet Ivan Alekseevich Bunin spent in France. Longing for his native land was clearly visible in his poems written far from his homeland.
The poet also wrote on other topics, although there are few such works, but they also attract the reader with their unusual plot line. Poetry based on religious traditions, myths and ancient legends is very interesting.
Six golden marble columns,
Boundless green valley,
Lebanon in snow and blue sky.
I saw the Nile and the giant Sphinx,
I saw the pyramids: you are stronger
More beautiful, antediluvian ruin!
There are blocks of yellow-ash stones,
Forgotten graves in the ocean
Naked sands. Here is the joy of young days.
Patriarchal-royal fabrics -
Longitudinal rows of snow and rocks -
They lie like motley tales in Lebanon.
Below are meadows and green gardens
And sweet, like mountain coolness,
The sound of fast malachite water.
Below it is the site of the first nomad.
And let it be forgotten and empty:
The colonnade shines like the immortal sun.
Her gates lead to the blissful world.
Philosophical lyrics of the great Russian poet
The main creative feature of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is versatility, because he showed himself excellently not only as a talented poet and writer. He was a skilled prose writer and an excellent translator. His works are ingenious and grandiose, which is why the famous realist gained massive popularity all over the world!How was a Russian writer able to master the form of classical verse so maneuverably? Many experts believe that these achievements were achieved thanks to professionalism in working as a translator. The exceptional skill of the great writer is based on the amazing search for the only possible word that forms a classic rhyme with deep meaning. His poems flow like a beautiful song, filled with life and honest emotions.
The pessimistic tradition is clearly heard in his prose works. Bunin was greatly fascinated by the philosophical work of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev, based on the eternal source of the beautiful and harmonious. This inspiration was reflected in the lyrical work of Ivan Alekseevich, distinguished by the utmost precision of words and sharp, prosaic details.
Bunin's philosophical lyrics are based on Russian nature, on the theme of love, intertwined in unique contrast. Later, the poet often traveled in his memories, and these thoughts inspired him to create new creations related to mythology.
These works convey a sincere recognition of earthly existence as part of an eternal story. The writer boldly aggravated the fatal outcome of human life, the feeling of loneliness and doom. Some of Ivan Alekseevich’s poetic works make us think about what was always there, but was not noticed.
The wonderful author has always stood out for his individuality, unique philosophical view of everyday phenomena, sincerity and honest recognition of his own ideas and thoughts, expressed in such a beautiful and sounding form.
"Dog"
Dream dream. Everything is already dimmer
You look with golden eyes
To the blizzard yard, to the snow stuck to the frame,
On the brooms of echoing, smoky poplars.
Sighing, you curled up warmer
At my feet - and you think... We ourselves
We torment ourselves with the longing of other fields,
Other deserts... beyond the Permian mountains.
You remember what is alien to me:
Gray skies, tundras, ice and plagues
In your cold wild side.
But I always share my thoughts with you:
I am a man: like a god I am doomed
To experience the melancholy of all countries and all times.
The artistic originality of Bunin's lyrics
A distinctive feature of Bunin's lyrical poetry was its artistic originality, skillful perception of the surrounding nature, man and the whole world. He masterfully honed the landscape and miraculously transferred it into his lyrical works.Ivan Alekseevich’s creative activity occurred in the era of modernism. Most authors of the 19th-20th centuries tried to express their thoughts and feelings in unusual forms, indulging in fashionable word creation. Bunin did not strive for this direction; he was always devoted to Russian classics, and recreated his poetry in the most traditional forms, similar to the lyrical works of previous poets such as Tyutchev, Polonsky, Pushkin, Fet.
Ivan Bunin gradually transformed landscape lyrics into philosophy, and his poems always contain the main idea. In the poetry of the great poet, special attention is often paid to the most important theme - life and death.
The philosophical direction and artistic originality were not overshadowed by the revolutionary processes taking place in the country. The poet continued his work in the chosen direction, and boldly attributed all the problems of humanity to eternal subtleties, among good, evil, birth and death...
Bunin always wanted to find the truth; he often turned to the world history of different generations. The poet recognized life on Earth as something temporary, a transitional period between eternal existence in the Universe. He always wanted to look beyond the boundaries of reality, to find the answer to human life and the doom of death at the end of the road. In many of his poems one especially feels gloom, pitiful breathing, fear of loneliness and unshakable fear of a tragic outcome, which cannot be avoided by anyone living on this Earth...
Bunin's lyrics are multifaceted and impeccable. His poetry inspires and pleases, directs the reader’s thoughts into the unconscious, but quite real and interesting. If you study the works of the great Russian writer and poet with care, you can discover a very important truth for your perception, which you did not want to notice just yesterday.
All children in our country are familiar with the work of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin, as it is included in the compulsory study program in literature class. It is not possible to perceive his subtle thoughts and feelings immediately; only an in-depth awareness of each word will allow one to understand and reveal the main meaning of the lyrical work. That is why, in addition to the required stories, the teacher is allowed to choose several works at his own discretion.
Bunin is a magnificent writer and poet of the 19th-20th centuries, who left a memorable mark on the future generation, captured in amazingly beautiful lyrics...
A. Blok about Bunin: “few people know how to know and love nature…”
“Bunin claims to be one of the main places in Russian literature...”
"April"
Foggy crescent, unclear twilight,
The lead-dull shine of the iron roof,
The noise of the mill, the distant barking of dogs,
Mysterious bat zigzag.
And it’s dark in the old front garden,
Juniper smells fresh and sweet,
And sleepily, sleepily it glows through the spruce forest
Sickle greenish spot.
"Berezka"
On a distant pass, on the edge
Empty skies, there is a white birch tree:
A trunk twisted by storms and flat
Spread branches. I am standing,
Admiring her, in the yellow bare field.
It's dead. Where is the shadow, layers of salt
It's frosty. The sun's light is low
Doesn't warm them up. There's not a single leaf
These branches are brownish reddish,
The trunk is sharply white in the green void...
But autumn is peace. The world is in sadness and dreams,
The world is thinking about the past, about losses.
On a distant pass, on the line
Empty fields, the birch tree is lonely.
But it's easy for her. Her spring is far away.
"Treasure"
Everything that keeps traces of the long forgotten,
Those who died long ago will live for centuries.
In grave treasures buried by the ancients,
Midnight melancholy sings.
The steppe stars remember how they shone
The fact that they now lie in the damp earth...
It's not Death that's scary, but what's on the grave
Death guards the singing treasure.