DHW energy. What types of hot water supply systems are there? Advantages and disadvantages of an open system
Payment for hot water is one of the main expense items for apartment owners in apartment buildings. Management companies regularly receive questions regarding both the charging of fees for this service and the current tariffs. In the article we will deal with all these points and provide useful reference material, including a table with hot water tariffs updated in 2019 in Moscow.
Many consumers are still surprised by the appearance of the “water heating” item in the payment for housing and communal services. This innovation appeared quite a long time ago - in 2013. According to Government Decree No. 406 of May 13, 2013, in houses with a centralized water supply system, payment must be made according to a 2-component tariff.
What to do if the owner uses his own heating element? Should he pay for heating or not? This question was answered by an expert in the MKD Management help system.
The traditional hot water tariff was divided into two parts:
- cold water consumption;
- heat consumption.
For this reason, a line appeared on the receipt indicating the amount of heat spent on heating cold water. Many people think that payment for this heating is being charged illegally, although it is indeed legal.
Answers Denis Nesterenko- Head of expert support for the MKD Management reference system.
Calculate the fee depending on the type of engineering system in the apartment building and the type of tariff for hot water supply, which was approved by the authorized body. The law provides for two schemes for calculating DHW fees:
With a centralized DHW system
- using ITP or other equipment
The innovation was required due to the fact that residents additionally use an unaccounted amount of energy. Heated towel rails and risers are connected to the hot water system, which consume heat. These costs were not previously taken into account when calculating payments for CG. Taking money for heat supply is allowed only during the heating season, so heating the air through the operation of a heated towel rail as a utility service was not subject to payment. The solution was found precisely in the form of such a division of the tariff into two parts.
For a better understanding, it is worth describing the situation with DHW heating in numbers. If nothing else is required from cold water other than cleanliness and pressure, then with hot water everything is a little more complicated. In the case of DHW, another parameter is added - temperature. The supplier must withstand it, otherwise complaints are received, an inspection is ordered, and if violations are confirmed, the payment is reduced. For hot water, the temperature must be at least +60ºС.
The analysis revealed that heating hot water circulating through pipelines consumes about 40% of the heat generally required for domestic hot water supply at home. The hot water coming from the supplier is not consumed in full and is sent through the return pipe to the heat exchanger, where it is heated by boiling water supplied to the house. It cools down as it passes through the pipes. If little water is consumed in an apartment building, then heat losses can reach significant values, and the fee paid by the owners at a one-component tariff will not be enough to cover all costs.
Dividing the tariff so that the cost of heating water is taken into account separately was a solution to this problem.
The heat supply organization (RSO) and the homeowners' association entered into a resource supply agreement. Under the agreement, RSO supplies thermal energy and hot water to the apartment building.
Resource providers and homeowners' associations differently determined the amount of thermal energy for heating water supplied to provide hot water supply utilities. As a result, the HOA incurred a debt, which the resource officers tried to collect through the courts. The HOA did not agree with the position of the RSO. The Supreme Court helped sort out the situation.
Tariff table for hot water from July 1, 2019 in Moscow
The introduction of a new tariff system in Russia, implying a fee for heating hot water, is happening gradually. The decision on this is made at the regional level, so news about the transition to a new system periodically appears. For example, a 2-component tariff for hot water was introduced in the Altai Territory at the beginning of July 2018. Let us describe what this division looks like.
- Cold water for hot water supply. The calculation of payment here is quite simple - the water passes through a “hot” meter, its volume in cubic meters is fixed and multiplied by the cost of cold water at the current rate.
- Heating, that is, thermal energy expended to provide hot water supply. Here the calculations become somewhat more complicated - the cubic meters counted by the meter are multiplied by the standard for heating water, as well as by the cost of a gigacalorie.
The issue with the standard for heating cold water for domestic hot water requires a separate explanation. It refers to the amount of thermal energy that is expended to bring a cubic meter of water to the required temperature. This standard is approved at the level of the body working in the regional administration that regulates prices and tariffs.
If in the Altai Territory the transition to 2-component tariffing took place on July 1, 2018, then in the Chelyabinsk Region it occurred earlier. In some regions the system is already working, in others the transition is still postponed. For example, in the Volgograd region they decided to postpone the introduction of the new system until January 1, 2020. Until this moment, the cost of the service will be charged according to the previous principle - simply for the volume consumed, depending on the tariff for 1 cubic meter of hot water.
The transition to a two-component tariff is a federal initiative that provides certain freedom of action for the regions. The new system should eventually begin to work throughout the country, but now subjects have the right to start working with it or to postpone this moment. For example, by a recent decision of the Government, the deadline for the adoption of heat consumption standards for heating cold water for domestic hot water was postponed to the beginning of 2020.
The table shows hot water tariffs in Moscow, taking into account the increase that occurred from July 1, 2018.
The tariff rate for hot water supply for Muscovites does not include the commission that payment system operators and banking organizations charge for their services when they accept this payment. The specified tariff, according to established practice, will be valid for 1-2 years, after which it will increase again to overcome inflationary fluctuations.
As you can see, Moscow currently uses a single-component tariff for hot water supply, in which consumers pay for the service in the amount of cubic meters consumed according to installed meters or, in their absence (which is rare today), according to the standard.
How much have water heating tariffs increased?
In the capital, as in many other cities, the cost of a number of utility services has increased since July 1 of this year. The average increase, by order of the Moscow government, should not be higher than 5.5 percent, while for certain positions there was no increase at all. If we talk about hot water, it has become more expensive for citizens living in “old” Moscow, and now its price is the already mentioned 198.19 rubles per cubic meter.
Water is supplied to each apartment - cold and hot. Bills for it are issued according to the volume consumed by consumers - per cubic meters, which is easy to determine: you need to take meter readings on the first day of the new month and compare them with the readings on the first day of the previous month, the difference will be the actual water consumption for the past month.
To find out how much you will have to pay, you need to multiply the actual cubic meters used by the tariffs.
Calculation of tariffs is regulated by the following legislative acts:
- To heat 1 m3 of water, you need to spend 0.055 Gcal according to the norm. heat;
- the heating tariff in Astrakhan, for example, is 1,635.56 rubles/Gcal;
- the result of the calculation is as follows: 3m3x0.055x1635.56 = 270 rubles.
The two-component breakdown of the cost of hot water is more correct and, moreover, more economical.
A new line has appeared in the housing and communal services receipt: cold water PC
Those residents who have not installed water meters in their apartments pay according to standard consumption. This can be beneficial only in one case - when the registration rules are violated, and in the area of the apartment where 1-2 people are registered, more people actually live, and the actual water consumption is much higher than that indicated in the receipt, because it is proposed to pay for consumption there two residents.
In all other cases, without meters for hot and cold water, you have to pay more than for the cubic meters actually used. The situation has especially worsened since this year, when a new line appeared in receipts: cold water pc.
The abbreviation PC stands for “increasing factor”, which increases the payment amount from 2017 according to the standards by another 1.6 times (RF RF dated April 16, 2013 No. 344), provided that it is technically possible to install metering devices, although would be collective, there is.
What is the norm of water per day per person and per month in housing and communal services?
Cold water consumption standards per person in housing and communal services without a meter are approved by local governments per person. and for Moscow (Resolution No. 75-PP) are:
Monthly consumption rates must be multiplied by the number of residents registered in the apartment; standard cubic meters are obtained, which must be multiplied by the tariffs in force in the current period of time in a particular locality. Amounts received are subject to payment if there are no meters.
It is worth spending time and incurring small financial expenses on the purchase and installation of apartment metering devices, but then paying only for those resources that were actually spent by the residents themselves.
The use of an increasing coefficient should encourage those who have not yet taken care of equipping their homes with water meters to quickly do so - the amounts in receipts for water will then be pleasantly surprised.
Hot water supply (DHW) is a round-the-clock supply of hot water to the consumer of appropriate quality, supplied in the required volumes through the connected network to the residential premises.
Requirements (standards) for the quality of hot water are determined by Russian Government Decree No. 354:
- The temperature of hot water at the point of analysis must be at least 60 degrees. (for open centralized heating systems, not less than 50 degrees; for closed systems, not more than 75 degrees)
- The total hot water shutdown time is 8 hours (total) for 1 month
- The total shutdown time for hot water supply is 4 hours at a time; in case of an accident on a dead-end main, it is 24 hours.
- Maximum period carrying out preventive work in the summer season – 14 days
- The composition of water must necessarily comply with sanitary standards SanPiN 2.1.4.2496-09
- The permissible deviation in the temperature of hot water at the point of water collection at night (from 0.00 to 5.00 hours) is no more than 5 °C
- The permissible deviation in the temperature of hot water at the point of water collection during the daytime (from 5.00 to 00.00 hours) is no more than 3 °C
- Pressure in the hot water supply system at the point of analysis - from 0.03 MPa (0.3 kgf/sq. cm) to 0.45 MPa (4.5 kgf/sq. cm)
For every 3 °C deviation from the permissible deviations in hot water temperature, the amount of payment for utility services for the billing period in which the specified deviation occurred is reduced by 0.1 percent of the payment amount. For each hour of supply of hot water, the temperature of which at the point of collection is below 40 °C, in total during the billing period, payment for consumed water is made at the tariff for cold water.
If the pressure differs from the established one by no more than 25 percent, the amount of payment for utility services for the specified billing period is reduced by 0.1 percent of the payment amount.
If the pressure differs from the established one by more than 25 percent, the amount of payment for utility services is reduced by the amount of the fee calculated in total for each day the utility service is provided of inadequate quality.
Types of DHW systems:
- Central. Water is heated at thermal substations (CHS) and from them, through pipelines, it is supplied to consumers.
- Autonomous. To achieve the required temperature conditions, special heating devices are installed - boilers, storage boilers or geysers. This type of DHW organization is intended for a small area of the premises - an apartment or a house.
Designations (decoding) in housing and communal services receipts:
- DHW KPU— hot water is metered using an apartment meter
- DHW DPU— hot water is metered using a common household meter
- ODPU DHW- general household hot water meter
Calculation of the amount of payment for utility services for hot water supply is carried out according to:
- General house metering devices and depends on the number of residents registered in the apartment
- Apartment metering devices (hot water meters)
The main advantage of a direct-flow water supply system compared to a circulating water supply system is its simplicity. There are no water coolers, circulating water pumping stations, additional pipe networks or other structures. If there is no need to purify industrial waste water, then the entire cold water supply system will consist of a pumping station and a system of supply and discharge pipelines. The advantage of a recycling water supply system is that a significantly smaller amount of water is supplied from the source than with a direct-flow system; this amount of water should only compensate for its losses from evaporation and carryover of droplets by the wind from the coolers and the water consumption for blowing cold water, which depends on the quality of the added water and the method of processing it. As a rule, the amount of water added to the system does not exceed 5% of the circulating water flow. With recycling water supply, the diameter of water pipelines, and therefore their cost, is significantly reduced, the size and cost of water intake structures and first-stage pumping stations are reduced, the energy consumption required to supply water to the territory of the enterprise is reduced, it becomes possible to use sources with a small water flow rate for industrial water supply, The cost of treatment facilities for make-up water is noticeably reduced. With a recirculating system, much less waste water is discharged into the reservoir than with a direct-flow system. In this regard, the task of protecting water bodies from pollution by wastewater is simplified, the size and cost of treatment facilities and pipelines discharging waste and treated water are reduced.
Hvs on the receipt what is it
It is unacceptable to change the names of these services, although some regional housing and communal services arbitrarily enter into their payment receipts such lines as “DHW heating”, “DHW replenishment” or “DHW and hot water drainage”. It is not at all necessary for the consumer to know how much it costs to heat water; what is important to him is the final amount that is presented for payment.
Is it legal to pay for water heating using a receipt in 2020?
If the legality of the additional line “water heating” in receipts is in question, in order not to overpay for heating, it is recommended to first contact the Criminal Code with a request to explain what this item means. The appearance of a new line in the receipt is legal only on the basis of the decision of the owner of the apartment building premises. In the absence of such a decision, you should write a complaint to the State Housing Inspectorate. After filing a complaint with the Criminal Code, you must be provided with an answer with explanations within thirty days. If you refuse to justify why such a service is indicated in the receipt, you should file a complaint with the prosecutor's office with a claim in court. In this case, if you have already paid the amount indicated in the receipt, the basis for the claim will be Article 395 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. If a refund is not required, but you must pay for services that are not provided to you, file a claim to exclude the “water heating” line. In this case, it is worth referring to Article 16 of the Law “On Protection of Consumer Rights”.
What is DHW in the receipt?
It turns out to be a vicious circle - many residents often do not pay for hot water due to its low temperature or refuse this service altogether, switching to heating water with electric boilers. And heating network enterprises cannot carry out repair work, because... the population's debt to pay does not provide them with an influx of cash.
Is it legal to pay for hot water supply (hot water supply) in the receipt is divided into 2 payment points: 1 - water supply (I have 331 rubles); 2 - heating it (1100 rubles)
· the cost of thermal energy losses in pipelines in the area from the facilities where hot water is prepared, including from central heating points, including the maintenance of central heating points, to the point on the border of the operational responsibility of the subscriber and the regulated organization in the event that such losses do not taken into account when setting tariffs for thermal energy;
What is hot water supply, hot water supply and sewerage in housing and communal services receipts
The list of services that must be paid for by residents of apartment buildings is clearly defined by Article 154 of the main industry document - the Housing Code. Homeowners and tenants are required to pay for housing maintenance and repairs. In addition, their responsibility includes payment for services:
What is cold water for hot water in the receipt
The cold water component is the volume of cold water (CW) for hot water supply needs. If there are individual metering devices (meters), this component is determined - according to the readings of the hot water metering device (DHW), in the absence of an individual metering device - according to the standard, i.e. 3.5 cubic meters per 1 person. per month.
What does the abbreviation HVS DPU mean?
The nuance is that if accounting is kept by an enterprise, then it will blame all kinds of losses in water and its temperature (for example, breakthroughs, leaks) on consumers, and they will pay for it. If a house has a communal meter installed, then residents will pay for the water and heat supplied to the house.