Where do polar bears live? Coat, structural features of the body and head.
Abstract
integrated lesson
around the world
and labor training
on this topic:
1 class
Primary school teacher
Ryadchina I. A.
Municipal educational institution secondary school No. 8
Art. Suvorovskaya
Subject. “Where do polar bears live?”
Goals. To form an idea about the cold regions of the Earth (the Arctic Ocean, Antarctica), about the diversity of the animal world.
Equipment. Textbook “The World Around Us” (author A.A. Pleshakov); notebook; sheet with test control; drawings of the surface of the ocean and land, the Question Ant and the Wise Turtle, animals of the Arctic and Antarctic; polar bear stencils; texts describing animals; bell; TV, audio and video recorders, a disk with a slide show, a cassette with recordings of songs for physical education (“Somewhere in the White World”, “Penguins”, “Lullaby of the Bear”); a book with stickers “Who Lives at the Pole”; globe; glue; pieces of yarn.
During the classes
I . Organizing time
II . Lesson topic message
Teacher. Guys, today we have an unusual lesson. This will be a journey lesson with a specific task. We will learn as we travel. The wise Turtle has prepared riddles for us:
In black tailcoats,
Wear white T-shirts all year round
These amazing people are walking around.
Children. Penguins.
U. Among the snow and ice one does not go hungry,
Dives into cold water for fish,
Thick white fur saves him,
Warms from frost.
D. Polar bear.
U. Guys, Ant - Questioner wants to know where these animals live. To get a closer look at the life of polar bears and penguins, we will go on an expedition. During the trip we will observe the diversity of the animal world and answer the “tricky question”, think and give advice to people.
One group(children of the first row) will go to the North Pole,
and the other group(children of the second row) - to Yuzhny.
We will explore these territories(shown on the globe).
Our journey will take place under the motto:
“Observe and admire. Study and take care!”
What do you guys think the weather will be like?
D. The North Pole is cold and the South Pole is warm.
U. Is it so? In fact, both there and there are cold. Open the workbooks on p. 30. Now we will complete task 1:
Imagine that you and the guys went on a trip to the North or South Pole. Circle with a blue pencil what you will need on your trip.
III . Physical education minute
Performing exercises to the music of the song “Somewhere in the White World” (“Song about Bears”).
IV . Updating of reference knowledge
U. We took warm clothes with us, since it will be cold at the poles. How can you see on the globe that it is cold there?
The children's answers are listened to.
Open the textbook on p. 72 and read the text.
Children are reading.
- What are the cold regions of the Earth called?
D. Arctic Ocean and Antarctica.
Cards with these concepts are posted on the board.
V . Group work
U. Our expedition continues. What question should we answer?
D. "Where do polar bears live"?
U. You will try to answer this question in groups.
The first group goes to the North Pole (to the Arctic) - reads the text on p. 72 textbooks.
The second group goes to the South Pole (Antarctica) - reads the text on p. 73.
Questions For first group
1. What covers most of the Arctic Ocean?
Questions for the second group
1. What is the name of one of the coldest regions of the Earth?
2. Which pole is located in this area?
Children read the text and answer the questions on p. 72 and 73.
Let's look at the pictures carefully. They depict life at the North and South Poles. Tell us what you saw according to plan.
On the desk:
PLAN:
Where have you been?
What did you see around?
What animals and birds did you meet?
Children complete the task. Pupils prepared in advance make short reports about the animals of their territory: the first group - about skua, cod, seal, walrus and blue whale, the second group - about leopard seal, ice fish, emperor penguin, albatross.
- To give you an idea of the wingspan of an albatross, I ask three of you to stand in a line and extend your arms to the sides.
Now let's watch a fragment from the video film “Giants of the Arctic” about a polar bear.
Children are watching a movie.
- Polar bears live in the Far North, among eternal snow and ice. This is the most powerful, strong and predatory animal on Earth. It weighs about 700 kg, and its body length reaches 3 m. Polar bears are covered from head to toe with thick white fur. They are excellent swimmers. Their favorite food is seals, fish, and baby walruses. The bear is listed in the Red Book. Hunting for him and walruses is prohibited.
The teacher shows the Red Book.
-What areas have you visited? Which poles are located here? How are they similar? What conclusion did you come to? Let's answer the Ant - Question, where do polar bears live.
The children answer.
VI . Physical education minute
Exercises are performed to the music "Penguins".
VII . Independent work
The teacher distributes test paper to the children. Children complete tasks.
VIII . Practical work
U. Guys, the Wise Turtle has prepared a question for you. Read it.
D. “Do polar bears hunt penguins”?
U. How do you think?
D. They do not hunt, since these animals live at different poles.
U. You all worked well and came to the same conclusion, although you worked in different groups. After all, this is very important for our expedition.
On the table you have maps of the animal world of both poles and puzzles - stickers with images of animals. You need to stick on the parts of the animals one by one:
group 1 - animals of the Arctic,
group 2 - animals of Antarctica.
The work is done in groups.
- Well done! What beautiful cards! None of you were wrong. This means that you have learned well where the polar bear lives and where the penguin lives, and our expedition was not in vain. What advice can we give people so that many generations will see these animals not only in pictures?
D. Protect nature, do not destroy animals.
IX . Creative work
U. Now you will work in pairs. I suggest you make polar bears. You have bear stencils on your tables. You need to glue pieces of white yarn onto them - this will be the wool that covers the bear’s body.
The work is performed to the music of the song “Lullaby of the Bear.”
X . Lesson Summary
U. Raise your works. What beautiful polar bears you have created! Such magnificent works could only be achieved by very friendly children. I am very pleased with you and your work in class. The lesson is over!
The world around us - 1st grade of educational complex “School of Russia”.
Subject: Where do polar bears live?
Teacher's goals: form ideas about the cold (Arctic Ocean, Antarctica, North and South Poles) regions of the Earth, the diversity of life in these areas, find these areas on the map, distinctive features of vegetation and animals; cultivate a feeling of love for one’s homeland.
Lesson type: solving particular problems.
Planned educational results:
Subject: learn to find the Arctic Ocean and Antarctica on the globe, characterize them, and exercise self-control; give examples of animals in cold areas; will have the opportunity to learn to examine and compare textbook illustrations and extract information about the animal world from them; make assumptions and prove them; understand the educational task of the lesson and strive to fulfill it; work in pairs, using the information presented to gain new knowledge.
Metasubject: master the ability to understand the educational task of the lesson and strive to fulfill it; anwser the questions; develop a willingness to listen to your interlocutor and conduct a dialogue, evaluate your achievements in the lesson; relate learned concepts to real-life examples.
Personal: formation of a holistic, socially oriented view of the world in its limited unity and diversity of nature; development of motives for educational activities and personal meaning of learning; recognize the possibility of the existence of different points of view and the right of everyone to have their own, express their opinion and argue their point of view and assessment of events.
Educational Resources: map of hemispheres, globe, slides with images of animals, tape recorder.
I. Organizational moment, communication of the topic and goals of the lesson.
Ant. Recently I went to the zoo and saw a polar bear and a walrus in an enclosure with a swimming pool. Guys, I was wondering, where is the homeland of these animals?
Where do the polar bear and walrus live? Maybe, you know?
Students. The polar bear lives in the North.
Teacher. Let us go on a journey to find out exactly where polar bears, walruses, penguins and other inhabitants of the cold areas of the globe live.
Guys, I have a seven-flowered flower in my hands. Let's tear off a petal, make a wish and say in unison:
Fly, fly, petal
Through the west, to the east,
Through the north, through the south,
Come back after making a circle.
As soon as you touch the ground,
To be, in my opinion, led.
II. Work on the topic of the lesson.
Order that we as a class end up in the North. You are all dressed warmly.
Here is the Arctic Ocean.
(Slide 2)
What covers most of the Arctic Ocean?
Students. Ice and snow.
Teacher
Students.North Pole. (The teacher shows the North Pole on the globe.)
Teacher. This is the Arctic. It has attracted people for a long time. Unfortunately, due to human development of the Arctic, its nature is in danger. Now hunting rare animals is prohibited. A nature reserve has been opened on Wrangel Island (shows on the map).
(Slide 3)
And here comes the polar bear...
- Describe it.
Students. Fluffy, thick long hair, wide paws.
Teacher. What is it for?
Students. It's cold in the north. This is necessary for life in the north.
Teacher. The polar bear is the largest predatory animal on Earth. He lives only in the Arctic. Spends his entire life in the ice.
- What do you think he eats?
Students. Fish.
Teacher. Of course, fish, but sometimes I don’t mind eating birds and seals. ( Slide 4)
Seals are very clumsy on ice floes and become prey for polar bears. The weight of a polar bear is about 700 kg. This is the largest predatory animal on earth.
Teacher. (Slide 5)– Who is this wandering among the ice floes?
These are male polar bears, and females, future mothers, lie down in snow dens for the winter. Here, in the dead of winter, they give birth to tiny bear cubs, no larger than kittens. In the den, frosts and winds are not scary for bear cubs. The mother feeds them milk and warms them. When the cubs grow up and leave the den with their mother, the mother bear will teach them to catch fish, and then seals.
Physical education minute.
(A song about a bear from the movie Prisoner of the Caucasus plays.)
Somewhere in this world,
Where it's always frosty
Bears rubbing their backs
O earth's axis,
Centuries float by
They sleep under the ice of the sea,
Bears rub their backs
The Earth is spinning.
(Slide 6)
Teacher. Guys! And who is this?
Students. Walruses.
Teacher. Yes, these are walruses. They are similar to seals, but much larger. You see how few animals there are in the north. The polar bear and walrus are listed in the Red Book. The task of all humanity is to preserve them. Numerous ships passing along the sea route pollute the water, and various harmful substances enter here. Pollution of the northern seas has a very bad effect on the lives of the animals living here. Wise Turtle. Think about it, guys, do polar bears hunt penguins?
Teacher. Let's find out where penguins live.
Let's tear off a petal, make a wish and say in unison:
Fly, fly, petal
Through the west, to the east,
Through the north, through the south,
Come back after making a circle.
As soon as you touch the ground,
To be, in my opinion, led.
Order that we as a class end up in Antarctica. (Shows on the globe).
(Slide 5)
Teacher. What is Antarctica?
Students. This is a huge piece of sushi.
Teacher. What is Antarctica covered with?
Students. Ice.
Teacher. Which pole is located here?
Students. South Pole.
Teacher. Penguins live here in Antarctica. ( Slide 6)
The largest are emperor penguins. Their height is 80 cm, and their weight is from 25 to 40 kg. Penguins are excellent swimmers. They feed on fish and squid. In water, a penguin can race at a speed of 36 km/h. Sometimes he accelerates so much that he flies out of the water onto the ice.
So, do polar bears eat penguins?
Students. Polar bears do not hunt penguins because these animals live in different areas of the Earth.
Teacher. In addition to penguins, albatrosses live in Antarctica. (Slide 7)
This is a large bird that can be seen off the coast of Antarctica. The wingspan of this bird is 3-3.5 m. (Three students stand side by side with their arms outstretched.)
— Our journey has come to an end, but we will return to it again. And now I will wave my magic wand, and we will find ourselves in our class.
III. Primary comprehension and consolidation.
Work in the workbook (p. 11)
IV. Lesson summary.
What did they talk about in class?
Where do polar bears live?
What would you like to know more about?
Lesson prepared
teacher beginning classes
MOBU Secondary School No. 4
Meleuza
Kryuchina L.V.
My daughter really loves watching the cartoon about Umka. And today she asked where Umka lives and whether he is friends with penguins. Then a series of questions followed, and I had to answer. I’ll tell you about all the subtleties of my answer.
Polar bear habitats
Polar bears, as my daughter expected, live at the North Pole. But they do not meet with penguins in natural conditions. This is because they live on different ends of the globe. Penguins live exclusively at the South Pole, and polar bears live exclusively at the North Pole. The largest part of these bears lives in Northern Canada. In Russia Polar bears live on Vrungel Island.
Survival in extreme conditions
Polar bears look very cute and funny, but they live in the harshest places. What helps them survive:
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Bears feed mainly on seals. In one season, a polar bear can eat up to 50 seals. But they eat meat very rarely. They mainly eat skin and fat, and the meat behind them is eaten by arctic foxes, which often follow polar bears. During the day the bear passes and swims long distancesin search of prey. He can spend several hours at the hole, waiting for the next seal.
![](https://i1.wp.com/s2.travelask.ru/system/images/files/000/394/620/wysiwyg/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B5-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8.jpg)
With the advent of global warming, the climate is changing, glaciers are receding, and polar bears have to travel thousands of kilometers in search of seal habitats. And during the summer, when it gets warm, bears can fast for up to four months.. At this time, they lie peacefully on the shore and bask in the sun.
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According to popular belief, polar bears and penguins live where there is a lot of snow and ice. This is true, but although these species prefer extreme conditions, they do not live in the natural environment in one area. Polar bears like the Arctic, and penguins liked Antarctica. Let's take a closer look at where polar bears and penguins live.
Polar bears - habitat and habits
In their natural environment, polar bears live in the subpolar regions of the North Pole. These animals are well adapted to life in the harsh north with extremely low temperatures. Thanks to their impressive reserves of subcutaneous fat and thick fur, polar bears feel comfortable both on land and in icy water. Such a habitat does not prevent large predators from leading a full-fledged lifestyle.
Polar bears live naturally in several countries, including Russia, Greenland, Canada, Alaska and Norway. Large predators do not have a tendency to migrate; they live in a specific area, preferring areas with open water, since fish is the polar bear’s favorite food.
In the summer, due to rising temperatures, polar bears disperse. Some animals are even found at the North Pole. Today, the number of these animals is small compared to previous years, but not critical, so it is too early to talk about the disappearance of the species from the face of the planet.
The polar bear is a large terrestrial predator. In nature, males weighing up to 800 kg are often found. The average weight of a male is 450 kg. Females weigh half as much, but before wintering or during pregnancy they significantly increase their body weight. The brown bear is considered the closest relative of the white bear, so crossing these species usually ends in success.
Peculiarities of seasonal behavior of polar bears
It is striking that polar bears do not have a hibernation period. They remain active throughout the year. As cold weather approaches, animals actively gain subcutaneous fat.
Polar bears get their name from the shade of their fur. In winter, animals use fur for camouflage. The intelligence of polar bears deserves special attention. While waiting for prey, these massive predators cover their nose, which is the only dark spot, with their paw. In summer, the polar bear's fur takes on a straw hue. This is due to ultraviolet rays.
I note that the polar bear has a multi-level “robe”. The black skin, which perfectly absorbs the sun's heat, is covered with a fluffy undercoat. The animal also has long protective hairs. They are transparent and characterized by excellent thermal conductivity.
Polar bears are unusually hardy. Despite their decent body weight, animals move quickly, taking advantage of leaping running. Often, in pursuit of prey, the predator overcomes up to 500 meters.
The polar bear also feels great in the water. Without a break, he swims up to 1 km. This animal is also an excellent diver. For five minutes he calmly engages in spearfishing.
The polar bear's diet includes fish, sea and land animals. Sometimes seals also end up on the predator’s table. Thanks to a decent supply of fat, it can go without food for a long time, but if luck smiles, it eats up to 20 kg of meat at a time.
Polar bears don't drink. They obtain the liquid they need for a full-fledged existence from food of animal origin. I note that due to the cold climate they do not sweat profusely. So they practically do not lose moisture.
Penguins - habitat and habits
Penguins are funny birds. They have wings, but they don't fly. They are clumsy on land, but extremely graceful in water. Many people are of the opinion that they live only in Antarctica. This is wrong. This part of the planet is inhabited by only 3 species; the remaining species like warmer climes.
With the exception of the breeding season and feeding of offspring, penguins stay in the open sea of the Southern Hemisphere. The bulk of birds are concentrated in Antarctica and on the territory of nearby islands. In tropical latitudes, they appear in places with cold currents. The Galapagos Islands, which are located near the equator, are considered the northernmost habitat of penguins.
Where are penguins found?
- Antarctica. The continent with a harsh climate, eternal ice and extremely low temperatures has become an ideal place for the life of the Antarctic and Emperor penguins, as well as the Adélie species. From early spring to mid-autumn they live in the ocean, after which they return to land, unite in colonies, build nests, reproduce and feed their offspring.
- Africa. The hot African coast, washed by the cold Benguela Current, is favored by spectacled penguins. This species is incredibly sociable. It is not surprising that many tourists come to the Cape of Good Hope every year for an unforgettable experience with birds.
- Australia. The Australian or blue penguin lives here. It differs from other species in its modest weight and small height - 1 kg and 35 cm, respectively. The largest number of representatives of the smallest species is concentrated on Phillip Island. Travelers visit this place to admire the Penguin Parade. The small birds gather in small groups at the water's edge and then sway to their burrows in the sandhills.
- Argentina. The Orkney and Shetland Islands are home to King penguins, which grow up to a meter in height. The authorities of Latin America protect these birds in every possible way, which helps to increase the population.
- New Zealand . Magnificent penguins, the rarest species, live on these islands. Their distinctive feature is living in pairs. They are not going to the colony. Due to the small number of individuals, the species is protected.
- South Atlantic . Golden-haired penguins are found on the coast of Chile, the Falkland Islands and Tierra del Fuego. Their huge colonies attract tourists with the amazing singing of the males, which so attracts the females.
- Peru. The Peruvian coast, along which a cold current runs, is the home of Humboldt penguins. For various reasons, their numbers decrease annually, with a total of 12 thousand pairs.
As you can see, there are a considerable number of species of penguins, each of which lives in its own amazing corner. These birds are unique, and humanity simply must ensure that they continue to delight us with their unique appearance and other individual characteristics.
Peculiarities of seasonal behavior of penguins
The way of life of penguins is extremely unusual. It is not surprising, since these flightless birds use their wings as fins, and all parents take part in raising and feeding their offspring.
In penguins, the courtship period ends with the birth of offspring. The result of the joint efforts of a married couple is an egg. It needs protection from snow, otherwise, under the influence of low temperatures, the offspring will die at the initial stage.
The female carefully places the egg on the male's paws and goes in search of food. Having received the egg, the male envelops the unborn baby with an abdominal fold. He will have to warm the egg for 2 months. Often, in order to preserve offspring, the male resorts to the help of other members of the fraternity.
After the baby appears, the male feeds it with milk, the production of which is responsible for the bird’s stomach and esophagus. Penguin milk is an incredibly nutritious liquid containing 10 times more fat and protein than cow's milk.
While the father takes care of the child, the female catches squid and fish. The penguin's tongue is covered with "spines" turned towards the pharynx. If the prey gets into the beak, it will not be possible to escape.
Penguins hunt in flocks. The females, gathered in a large group, dive into the water and, opening their mouths wide, fly at speed into a school of fish. After such a maneuver, a tasty morsel is sure to end up in the mouth.
Upon returning, the female, which has gained weight, fattens the hungry family members. In her stomach, a caring mother brings up to 4 kg of half-digested food. The little penguin is transferred to its mother's paws and eats the delicacies brought for several weeks.
Video material
Where do polar bears and penguins live in captivity?
Every person who has visited the zoo has probably seen a polar bear. Spacious pens are equipped for these animals, where conditions are created that best match the natural environment. We are talking about simulating a cold climate, creating ponds with ice water and snow shelters.
A common belief: penguins and polar bears live wherever there is a lot of ice and snow. Although both species prefer extreme conditions, in the natural environment they do not live in the same territory. Polar bears liked the Arctic, which penguins did not like - they preferred Antarctica.
Polar bears have chosen the North Pole, and penguins have chosen the South Pole. Clubfoots like life associated with drifting ice. They would not have come to land at all if it were not for the period of raising babies. Bear cubs are born in dens on land, and as they grow up, they get used to life on floating ice.
The main “bear maternity hospitals” are located in the Arctic - on the island. Vrungel, Severnaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land. Male polar bears are eternal wanderers. They are excellent swimmers and can swim more than a hundred kilometers.
About 25 thousand individuals live around the North Pole. True, polar bears do not like sea pollution and global warming. These majestic beauties live near the northern shores of Eurasia and America on floating ice. They are also found in Russia, on the islands of the Arctic Ocean.
Some people wonder: could a polar bear live without ice? The answer to this question was given by nature itself, as well as to the question of where penguins and polar bears live. In the 60s, a colony of individuals was discovered on the coast of Hudson Bay (Canada). The bears spent most of their time on the ice, feeding on seals.
During the period when the ice melted, they went deep into the continent. Their food became molting birds and their eggs. But due to global warming, the population has almost halved in 10 years - from 1,600 to 900 individuals. Due to melting ice, the bears simply did not have enough of their usual food.
What will happen if penguins are eventually settled in the Arctic? According to the director of the Museum of the Arctic and Antarctic, Viktor Boyarsky, the population simply would not survive there - there is no ecological niche. For natural movement towards the Arctic, there are no currents that unite the North and South Pole. The tropical zone is an insurmountable barrier for penguins.
The polar bear does not even look into the territory where the birds live. After all, there are no extensive floating ice with polynyas. And this is the main “love” of polar bears. Therefore, clubfoot from the Arctic would also not survive in the habitats of penguins. They would not be able to get their own food. And the nature of Antarctica is poorer, only the underwater world is rich. But polar bears have a chance to occupy these spaces. After all, the ice in Artik is gradually melting. In the northern part of Antarctica, on the contrary, they are increasing.
Penguins like the Southern Hemisphere. They can be found in Antarctica and on the islands adjacent to the continent. There are also penguin colonies in Peru, southern Brazil and even in Africa (southwest)! There are penguins in New Zealand and even in southern Australia. There are 16 different species, all of them perfectly adapted to the aquatic way of life. True, they prefer different landscapes. Most prefer rocky surfaces, but some love sandy beaches and grassy areas. There are even colonies of penguins that prefer coastal forests.