Where does the sand crab usually live? Where do crabs live?
What kind of landscape do you think this is in the photo? Lunar? Or Martian? Or maybe just aerial photography?
Just now there were sand crabs in this place. This is how they plow the beach, leaving intricate patterns on the sand.
They choose different shells for the house, and then they carry their homes around.
Shells can vary in size and appearance.
Crabs use protective coloring; on the sand you may not immediately notice them.
Sand crabs are avid hunters. They hunt small midges, flies, and mosquitoes. During the hunt, they sit, hidden, completely unnoticed, and wait for the prey. As soon as the fly lands on the sand, the crab makes a dash. The fly doesn’t even have time to really understand where the punishment came from, like the crab “smack-smack-smack-smack-smack-smack-smack-smack-smack for her little darling, and whack-sweep-sweep-sweep.”
The crabs themselves hide from danger in deep “burrows” in the sand, which they dig in a matter of seconds. The one where there are crabs, the whole beach is full of holes, small holes serve as a reliable shelter for the crabs from enemies.
We saw many different sand crabs on the Persian Gulf coast and in the Maldives.
- August, 12th 2012Who doesn't dream of putting on a mask and fins, entering the sea and immersing yourself in an extraordinary world? But you can also just wander through the shallow water and observe those who live at the very edge of the surf - almost at the shore. Believe me, this is no less interesting - you just need to choose a clear sunny summer morning, a more or less deserted beach, hold your breath and want to see...
Here, among the sea grasses, schools of fry flash. Warm shallow water is a kindergarten for many species of sea fish: almost transparent, elongated and thin silversides (there are many of them and they hide among the mass of algae). At a depth of 10 centimeters, schools of mullet fry with long flexible bodies rush by (the greenish-yellow color of their backs makes them invisible both on the sand and among the algae).
Young horse mackerel, similar to silvery worms, also swim here (they always stay in dense schools near the surface, but they are difficult to see - their shiny scales disguise them under the glare of the sun on the water). How do all these kids manage to instantly change direction without disturbing the integrity of the flock if something spooks them? They are so good at this because each fish follows the movement of its nearest neighbor and as a result, they all repeat the movement of the first scared one: “Do as I do!” Do as I do!”
On the sandy bottom one catches the eye, although, unfortunately, less and less over the years, small hermit crabs. But not so long ago there were up to fifty of them per square meter, at least at the same Evpatoria lighthouse in the Chaika area. Quickly moving their legs, they drag a shell house behind them along the sand - their protection from predators. Touch the hermit's throne and he will instantly be drawn into the shell, closing the entrance with the larger of his two claws. These little ones are called Diogenes - in honor of the famous ancient Greek philosopher, who, according to legend, lived in a barrel and, by the way, also on the Black Sea coast in the city of Sinope. And our diogenes crustaceans live in various shells that are left over from sea mollusks - round, long - whatever they find at the bottom.
Having emerged from the eggs, they at first, as if looking around, live in the water column, but, having molted several times, having matured and appreciating the danger of such a life, they rush to occupy the shells of the same nana, a flat round snail, chosen from above, although most prefer the houses of tricia - gracefully -elongated, reminiscent of small amphorae. And this burden is not a burden to them - they energetically move with it along the bottom in search of food (like all bottom dwellers, crustaceans feed on carrion, being orderlies of the seabed). In addition to searching for food, diogenes sometimes tease each other - they arrange fights. Like all arthropods, they have periods of molting when they shed their old, tough skin. At the same time, they grow up quickly and, no longer able to fit in their house, urgently look for another one. In this hasty search, they encounter other seekers - that’s when desperate fights for a new home arise, because you won’t immediately find a suitable shell.
Sometimes you can see small holes in the sand (usually there are two of them at once). These are the entrances to burrows, and mole crayfish live in them - callianassa and upogebiya. They live in pairs - a male and a female, but each in his own burrow (just like neighbors). It is almost impossible to see them, but in appearance they really resemble crayfish. The claws are massive, like buckets, with which they dig these rather deep holes. The burrows have two or more exits (like a real earth mole). Their feeding method is different from all crustaceans - filtration. They drive water through their through hole and eat everything edible, which is thus pumped up by the work of their numerous legs. And you don't need to go anywhere.
Another representative of crustaceans lives practically in the sand - crangon or flat shrimp. Although it does not live in a hole, there is also no way to see it. It lies on the sand, all so flat (that’s why it’s called that), changes color depending on the lighting and other circumstances, and even at the slightest danger it buries itself in the sand. Can become completely transparent, like water. How can you see this? Just take my word for it.
If you stir the wet sand at the very edge of the water, you can see the smallest crustaceans - sea fleas. They are also called amphipods or amphipods (although “crayfish” is too strong a word). Their small body is flattened laterally and hunched over, but when it straightens out like a spring, the amphipod jumps like a real flea - this is its instant reaction to danger. In the sand, he crawls and runs in search of food - the remains of animals and algae. They were called multi-legged because they have quite a lot of different legs: claw legs to grab a piece of food; swimming legs; legs for running, and three rear pairs of legs for jumping well. And if he doesn’t get confused by them, then he’s just a good guy! Amphipods are the main cleaners of the coastal zone. The sea is alive, and in it all the time someone is not only born, but also dies, but the sea does not have any unpleasant odor. And this is all thanks to the good work of the orderlies - all kinds of coastal small fry, including the work of sea fleas - amphipods.
Often under a tuft of algae sticking out of the sand you can find swimming crab. If you disturb him, you can immediately guess why he was called that. The ends of the crab's hind legs are flattened - these are flippers, which, when fingering them, it soars above the ground and quickly swims away 1-2 m, lands and again hides in the sand. Only the mustache and eyes will remain above the sand. In this inconspicuous form, it can hunt for any small invertebrate, but prefers a more active type of hunting - rushing along the bottom, finding mollusk shells and opening them. Of course, it will not open the shells of strong and healthy mollusks, but it will easily open the shells of sick or dying ones. So the swimming crab can also be safely called an orderly. Like all crabs, the swimming crab has a very remarkable structure: it has 5 pairs of legs (the last of which are flippers, and the first pair are claws); antennae-antennae, former limbs (there are 2 pairs of them: antennae and antennules - these are the organs of touch and smell, with which he feels and smells); mandibles (yes, that's what they're called - his elongated jaws were once his legs). In general, if we discard all the thousand-year transformations, the primordial crab clearly looked like a spider - 16 legs (at least).
There is another type of sand crab, or rather a tiny sand crab with a dashing name: six-tooth socket(this is approximately how its Latin name Brachinotus sexdentatus is translated). According to the name, it has three teeth-outgrowths on each side of the shell next to the claws, as well as completely incomprehensible swelling balls between the “fingers” of the claws themselves (only he knows the meaning of these devices). It prefers low-salt waters, and therefore lives on those shores where rivers or streams flow into the sea. It is not easy to find him because of his size, as well as because of his ingenious abilities for mimicry (perfectly repeats all the shades of sand, in which he is also buried).
Where, in addition to sand, there are also meadows of sea grass, you can find a rather large (15cm carapace width) grass crab - long-legged and strong. When meeting a predator, it first relies on its claws, but if something happens it can quickly run away (runs up to 1 m/sec). It prefers grass thickets, but can also live among stones.
But the rarest sand crab is the most beautiful and largest - blue crab. He is also a swimmer - his hind legs have turned into flippers. Its shell has sword spikes on it. And the color is really amazing blue! It appeared in the Black Sea not so long ago - in the 60s of the twentieth century. It came to us from the Mediterranean Sea, and arrived there with the ballast waters of ships (many marine animals and plants, for example, spread in this manner). The homeland of the blue crab is the east coast of the United States. There are a lot of them there; at low tide they come right to the shore. But the Black Sea turned out to be too cold for the survival of the juveniles of this emigrant, so for us it is a “rare bird” and can be seen, perhaps, only in a marine aquarium. But perhaps you will be lucky enough to meet him on the sandy bottom...
In calm weather, there are many bivalves close to the shore, the empty shells of which often wash ashore. Usually, mollusks bury themselves entirely in the sand - they hide from predators, and only siphon tubes are visible above the surface of the bottom, through which the bivalves draw water into themselves and throw it back. Water brings them both oxygen for breathing and food - microplankton. Like most marine animals, they breathe through gills. They have a mouth, a liver, a kidney, an intestine, and a heart - everything is as it should be, although in appearance they are just shells. Although, for example, the heart does not look the most familiar way: the intestine passes through it... The most common of the coastal mollusks are donaxes and venus. Venices are round, slightly ribbed, and donaxes are oval and, when opened, look very much like butterflies sitting on the sand. Their main enemies are bottom fish - flounder and stingray. It's hard to believe, but these fish can chew the shells of adult mollusks. Red mullet and sea mouse eat small bivalves, while rapan eats everyone indiscriminately.
Life in sandy shallow waters is difficult and dangerous. When a storm begins, the waves lift tons of sand from the bottom and throw it on everyone indiscriminately: bivalves, hermits, crabs, instantly burying them. Buried alive in the sand during a storm, they come to the surface for hours after the sea calms down. Many die in bad weather and could even disappear if most of their population did not live deeper - where the waves do not reach the bottom. From there, new ones crawl into the warm shallow water all the time. Donaxa, Venus and Diogenes hermits. It’s easier for fish in bad weather - when the weather gets worse, they swim deeper. In addition to kindergarten groups of fry, various small bottom fish live in the shallow waters. As a rule, they are all painted the color of sand - you can look point blank and not see anyone until they give themselves away by moving.
Small goby. Its scales seem to be made of the sand on which it lies (it also changes shades depending on the light). It's rarer to see another bull - bull-whip. It is much larger than the buber, and its tail is so bent that it resembles a whip. The main feature of gobies is the ventral sucker made of fused fins. It is necessary so that they are not torn away by currents or small waves. The suction cup allows you to grip even on sand. The huge, long-lipped and toothy mouth of the bull gives it away as a predator. Having attached itself with its suction cup, the goby lies on the sand and guards small fish, like a lion or a cat.
In addition, there are many scurrying around the sandy bottom blenny fish. These are peaceful, curious and fearless fish. They are easily distinguished from other fish by their lack of scales and characteristic thread-like fins located high on the throat. Although the blenny is a fish, it moves more like a dog - with short throws along the bottom, and swims rather poorly, since it does not even have a swim bladder. There are 7 types of “dogs” and I will write more about them separately - they are very remarkable creatures. Peacock dogs stay closest to the shore: in the stones they turn dark brown, and against the background of sand they turn yellowish. The male peacock is decorated with a beautiful red comb, very similar to a rooster's, and the female looks cute, but much more modest. The family of greenfinches, or hazel grouse, is numerous. There are 5 species of them, and all of them have protruding jaws and lips, which allows them to be classified as wrasses. It is not surprising that all bottom fish can change color for protection, but greenfinches can do this in a special way. When they swim, two dark stripes are clearly visible along both sides of their body, but it is enough for the fish to stop and these stripes dissolve and disappear in 1-2 seconds, and the green-brown spots that appear in their place make them completely invisible against the background of the sand.
In shallow water there can be some minor troubles. However, fortunately, those inhabitants that can cause these troubles are extremely rare in resort areas: scorpionfish or sea ruffe, sea dragon, stingray, sea cat and sea fox - these can prick with poisonous spines for self-defense, but not fatally . Crabs - only if they pinch your finger (don’t touch them). The small aurelia jellyfish does not sting, but if you pick it up, do not touch your eyes and lips afterwards - it can be very unpleasant. But if a large cornet jellyfish washes ashore, it is better not to touch it at all (its large blue or pink fringed “beard” contains poisonous stinging cells, and you can get a significant burn).
So I wish you pleasant walks in the Black Sea shallow waters and new impressions!
There are 10,000 species of decapods (crabs), the characteristic features of which are stalked, strongly bulging eyes, five pairs of legs and fusion of the head and chest into one continuous body part covered with a shell. As the crab grows, this shell bursts several times, and the crab “molts.” At this time, he is completely helpless and usually hides deep in the cracks of the rocks. Gradually, a new shell grows and hardens. On the ventral side of the crab's cephalothorax there are five pairs of legs, the first pair always with claws (the limbs of crabs are regenerated, that is, restored when lost, like the tails of lizards). Crabs breathe through their gills using oxygen dissolved in the water.Crabs are the most advanced representatives of crustaceans and since their appearance on earth 180 million years ago they have managed to conquer almost all possible habitats: from the abysses of the sea to the coasts, rivers, swamps, temperate forests, deserts and the highest mountains, such as the peaks of Kilimanjaro or Himalayan.
Almost two dozen species of crabs are found in the Black Sea. They are quite large, unusual in shape and habits. The average sizes of Crimean crabs are: body length up to 4 cm, width up to 5 cm, weight up to 50 g. Most of them live in the shallow coastal zone among algae.
Stone crab(Eriphia spinifrons) is the largest crab in the Black Sea. The width of its shell is 9-10 cm. It prefers to live deeper, although it is often found close to the shore, but this is only in deserted rocky places. If all bottom crustaceans are primarily scavengers (by the nature of their diet), then the stone crab, strong and aggressive, can be a fast and dexterous predator. In ambush he lies in wait for snails, worms and small fish. Its claws have monstrous strength - they snap like seeds, shells of mollusks and hermit crabs. Their muscle fibers at the molecular level differ from those of animals and humans (not in our favor). The color of the stone crab's shell is always the same as that of the stones among which it lives. Basically, it is a red-brown color, but stone crabs living among yellow sandstones are themselves quite light.
Hairy crab(Pilumnus hirtellus) is similar to the stone one, only its size is half as large. And the carapace is dark purple in color and covered with a thick layer of yellowish bristles-hairs. It lives closer to the shore, under rocks. Its diet is not too different from other crabs, but it is especially dangerous for various gastropods - it crushes their strong shells like nuts, only fragments fly.
marble crab(Pachygrapsus marmaratus) has a blue-green to dark brown carapace, mottled with many light stripes, reminiscent of variegated marble. Because of its dark color and long legs, it is often called the spider crab. This is the only Black Sea crab that runs out of the water and travels along coastal stones and rocks. At night, they can climb 2-5 m up rocks, and on gentle slopes move 5-10 m away from the water’s edge. However, at the first danger, they instantly take off and throw themselves into the water or the nearest crevice.
Mediterranean or herbal crab(Carcinus mediterraneus) is also an inhabitant of shallow water, prefers grass thickets, but can also live among stones. The greenish shell of the “grass” reaches a width of 7...8 cm. When meeting a predator, not relying much on its claws, it takes off headlong. And he runs, albeit sideways, but very quickly - at a speed of up to 1 m/s.
Another remarkable crab - lilac, or water lover(Xantho poressa). It is slower and is found not only in shallow water, but at depths of up to 15 m. The lilac crab prefers solitude. Buried in the sand, it can sit there for weeks without food or air.
Another fan of burrowing into the ground - swimming crab(Macropipes holsatus). This small crab has hind legs that are flattened like shoulder blades. With them he throws sand on himself. The crab also uses these unique flippers for swimming. This is the only Black Sea crab that can swim.
But the rarest crab of sandy soils is blue crab(Callinectes sapidus). He is also a swimmer. It appeared in the Black Sea only in the 60s of the twentieth century. from the Mediterranean, and arrived there with the ballast waters of ships from the east coast of the United States. But the Black Sea turned out to be too cold for the survival of the juveniles of this emigrant, so he is a very “rare bird” among us. The one in the photo caught in the shallow waters of Cape Bugas (underwater photography - S. Vshivtsev, 06/12/2010).
Or this amazing specimen - invisible crab. Invisible - because it is almost impossible to see it among the algae. This lean, long-legged crab is a master of camouflage. He carefully places small bushes of algae on his shell. So he wanders around unnoticed in his camouflage coat.
We also have a very small crab - pea crab. It usually lives among mussels, sometimes even inside the shell of a living mollusk. But you can find them on the rocks of shallow water, but it’s very difficult to see – an adult-sized crab can easily fit on a ten-kopeck coin.
Freshwater crab(Potamon tauricum Czern) is the most unusual crab of Crimea. He stands out not for his size, but for his lifestyle and origin. As the name implies, it does not live in the sea, but in fresh water: in mountain rivers and ponds associated with them. Since river crabs cannot spread thanks to currents, as the larvae of “normal” crabs do, they prefer to travel by land, usually at night and during rains. The most interesting thing is that in the Miocene, on foot, they crossed the entire continent (South-East Asia is considered the center of origin of the Potamon genus) all the way to Western Europe. During the Ice Age, the range of freshwater crabs was significantly reduced. The southern coast of Crimea is one of the refuges where they have survived to this day.
Several species of crabs are found in the Black Sea. Here they can be found on any beach. Not all of them are of interest from a culinary point of view, since they are not very large in size. Many are much more interesting to watch.
Local fishermen enjoy catching crabs. They are very tasty and healthy.
In the Black Sea, only two types of crabs are most often found: grass and stone. Where these invertebrates are found can be determined from the name. All other species are rare and are of interest only for scientific research. They have too little meat to eat.
Stone crab
It lives at a depth of up to 30 meters, and at night comes out onto rocks near the shore. Fishermen blind the crabs with a flashlight and calmly collect them. The color of the shell is similar to the color of sea stones, which is convenient for camouflaging the crab.
The diet consists of small invertebrates and already dead sea fauna.
Reaches a size of 20 cm.
Each year, the stone crab hatches up to 10,000 eggs. Despite this fact, the species is considered endangered due to environmental degradation. Listed in the Red Book.
Herbal crab
Most often it lives in salty estuaries, bays, and lagoons. Selects places with a bottom overgrown with grass and algae. Has a green color. The shell, about 8 cm in size, is often overgrown with mollusks and mussels.
An edible species of industrial importance.
Swimming crab
It is located at a depth of several meters from the shore. The width of the shell is up to 3 cm. This is the only crab on the Black Sea coast that can swim. This skill is possible due to the presence of hind legs that are shaped like small shoulder blades.
marble crab
Has the character of the color of the shell. Lives in shallow water under rocks. Comes ashore at night. It is caught for the purpose of making beautiful souvenirs.
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Extreme life - questions and answers in our material.
Is there life on sea ice?
Despite the cold and ice, many living creatures live in the polar regions. The Arctic is home to mammals such as the walrus, dogfish and many whales. Whites, for example, hunt on the Arctic ice for ringed seals, which they watch near ice holes. There are no land predators in Antarctica. However, it is home to thousands of penguins, who spend most of the year on the frozen continent or on ice blocks in the sea.
What are the living conditions on the sea coast?
We know that seashores look different. There are flat shores with sandy and pebble beaches, steep rocky and swampy shores. Since the conditions on them differ, each coastal form represents its own separate habitat for living creatures.
What living creatures live on rocky shores?
On rocky coasts, living conditions are quite harsh: the animals and plants living here are forced to fight the surf and experience the effects of heat, cold and salty winds. Nevertheless, they have a huge number of living creatures - algae, mollusks, sea anemones, sea acorns and sea snails that live on the rocky bottom. The still waters are home to starfish, shrimp, crabs and small fish. The most common plant species is algae.
What do animals on rocky shores eat?
Sponges, sea acorns and sea anemones feed on what the surf brings. Snails eat algae growing on rocks, while whelks bore holes in the shells of other mollusks and eat their meat.
What birds are found on the rocks?
The rocky shores are home to puffins, common and herring gulls. And birds such as storm petrels, petrels and kittiwakes come here only to build nests. Since steep banks are often inaccessible to predators, they settle here with their offspring in entire colonies.
What animals live on sandy and pebble beaches?
Only some species of animals are able to live on sandy and pebble beaches. Waves constantly roll over pebbles, sand dries out in the sun, is blown away by the wind and cannot provide protection. Only invertebrates (animals without an internal skeleton) can adapt to these conditions, which is why millions of mollusks, worms, crayfish, crabs, sea urchins and starfish live here.
How do sandworms hide?
It is difficult to see animals while walking along the beach. However, if you pay attention, you will see tiny holes in the sand, holes and mounds that indicate that someone lives here. For example, the sandworm lives in a U-shaped funnel, the depth of which can reach 40 centimeters. It feeds on sand, digests nutrient particles, and throws the remains to the surface. During low tides, you can see lumps of feces, which indicate the presence of sandworms.
What's special about silverside fish?
These thin, silvery fish live off the coast of warm seas. From March to September, females spawn on beaches. They wait until strong surf waves carry them to the sandy shore at night. The tiny eggs have small shoots with which they cling to aquatic plants and hang on them until small fish appear.
How does a sand crab live?
The length of the sand crab is only 4.5 centimeters; it digs complex passages and burrows in the sea soil, the depth of which reaches 50 centimeters. When a sand crab burrows into the soil, it draws in water with its long antennae and uses the oxygen contained in it.
How do sand dwellers defend themselves?
On sandy beaches there are practically no stones under which animals would find protection.
Therefore, most of their inhabitants protect themselves by burying themselves in the sand. However, this does not always help, since during high tides fish swim to the shores and swallow everything they see. And during low tides, sand inhabitants become victims of coastal birds, which pull them out of the sand with their long beaks.
What does the “sheath” look like?
These live in silty soils. They got their name from the shape of their shells. The length of these animals in the North Sea reaches 17 centimeters, and in North America - 25. “Scabbards” live in deep holes in the sand and stand upright, “upside down.” At the back they have two short tubes - “input” and “output”. During high tides, bivalves emerge from the sand to filter plankton.
How do plants manage to grow in dunes?
Dunes are inhospitable habitats that are in constant motion. The plants living here have to withstand drought, wind, salt and sea foam. The dunes contain grasses with long roots, well adapted to quicksand. They strengthen the soil, as a result of which other plants can grow here: for example, seaside eryngium, wheatgrass or sea mustard.
What animals live in the dunes?
The dunes are home to many animal species that can withstand the heat and dry climate well. Wind and sea foam do not harm them. To escape the heat, most of them are active only at night. The dunes are home to moles, scarab beetles, hedgehogs and lizards, as well as wild rabbits and red foxes.
What are saltworts?
Soleros is a salt-loving plant with a fleshy, thick trunk that looks like a cactus. It is one of the first to settle in the marshy soil of sea shores. Soleros can be eaten. It is best to marinate them, then they acquire the most pleasant taste. Very young plants are so tender that they can be eaten raw, like lettuce.
Do animals live in saline meadows?
Although, at first glance, this may seem strange - saline meadows are the habitat of many animals. Their deepest (usually flooded by sea) areas are especially rich in plankton. A variety of worms, mollusks, crabs and fish live here. Insects and spiders live in the saline meadows located further from the sea. In addition, these places are a habitat for coastal birds, which use their long beaks to look for food in the swamp.
How do plants survive in saline meadows?
There is a lot of salt in saline meadows, so the plants that grow here are called salt-loving, or saline. Unlike other plants, they do not have problems with salt. Most require salty soil to grow at all (such as saltmarsh asters and saltmarsh plantains). Plants have adapted to their environment in different ways. Some, in order to survive in these places, excrete the salt they get from the soil through special glands in the leaves; others store it in stems and leaves, which are shed when their growth period ends.
Who is a sea mouse?
The marine is a shallow-water polychaete annelid worm up to 20 centimeters long. It lives in the mud of the North Sea. The worm's body is covered with iridescent bristles, which prevent silt from entering the animal's respiratory system. The sea mouse feeds mainly on carrion.
What birds are called coastal birds?
Coastal birds include many bird families with the same characteristics: they are all long-legged and have long beaks. As a rule, they roam in shallow fresh and salt waters
or live in swamps. Coastal birds include oystercatcher, plover, and snipe.
How do mangrove trees reproduce?
Mangrove trees reproduce in a strange way: they are viviparous plants - their seeds germinate directly on the tree. The sprout, or seedling, has a flask-shaped root and reaches a length of 30 centimeters. Eventually the sprout falls off and sinks into the mud, where it takes root. This is how a new tree appears!
Who is a "crabeater"?
You probably won’t believe it, but the “crabeater” is the name given to the long-tailed macaque that lives in the mangrove swamps of Southeast Asia. In fact, these monkeys are omnivores (they eat fruits, leaves, insects), but their main food is crabs and shellfish. As a rule, they climb down from the trees and catch a treat from the water. Hence their name.
What's unusual about mudskippers?
The mudskipper is the only fish that can live both in water and on land. Its peculiarity is that it can breathe on land, since at low tide its gill slit closes. In addition, this fish, with the help of thick pectoral fins, can crawl through muddy soil and even climb trees. The mudskipper lives in mangrove swamps, between the roots of mangrove trees, in muddy soil. There he looks for small crustaceans and worms.
Where did the crab get its name?
Swallow crabs live on beaches and in tropical mangrove swamps deep in the sand or mud. Males have claws of different sizes. They use their large claw to attract a mate or threaten a rival. Because they appear to be beckoning, these crabs are called “beckons.” If during a battle he loses his large claw, a new one appears in its place, and another, small one, grows larger.
Extreme life in nature - questions and answers
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